Socialization is the process of becoming familiar with the values ​​and norms accepted in society. Man and culture, real and imaginary culture

Tatyana Karabina
Socialization is the process of familiarization with the values ​​and norms accepted in society

A child raised in a family where his parents are personal models receives preparation for subsequent social roles : woman or man, wife or husband, mother or father. In addition, it is quite strong social pressure. Children are typically praised for gender-appropriate behavior and reprimanded for gender-appropriate behavior. opposite sex. Proper sex education of a child, the formation of feelings accessories to their gender constitute one of the foundations for the further development of their personality. Parents, the first educators, have the strongest influence on children. Still J. -J. Rousseau argued that each subsequent educator has less influence on the child than the previous one. Parents are prior to everyone the rest: kindergarten teacher, teacher primary classes and subject teachers. They are given an advantage by nature in raising children. From the first days after birth, when the child is still helpless and needs basic care, he learns parental intonations, perceives emotional atmosphere, learn to appreciate beauty. Responsibility for upbringing is not removed and the need for family education and subsequent (adolescence, teenage and youth) years. The expression “my home is my castle” well expresses the idea that a healthy, non-conflict family is the most reliable support, the best refuge, where you can at least temporarily hide from all the worries of the outside world, relax and restore your strength. The child's direct experience acquired in the family, V younger age sometimes becomes the only criterion for a child’s relationship to the world around him and people.

Family - as an institution of education and primary personality socialization was, is and will be. The family implements functions that no other structural unit can do. society unable to perform. For a person to become a creature public, requires long the process of his socialization. AND historical experience convinces, the role of the family is so great. Thus, we can say that the family performs the function socialization of the individual. What a family can give to a person, no other institution can give.

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Culture plays an integral role in the life of every person. It ensures the full functioning of people and the development of society as a whole. And every person comes into contact with such a phenomenon as culture, since from birth we are in a certain sphere of culture: spiritual and material.

Concept of culture

Culture is the name given to development and organizations human life which are represented in its spiritual and material products. All material and spiritual achievements together represent a certain culture. It includes all objects created by people and all acquired spiritual values, which include the life experience of generations, knowledge of the science of technological processes and established norms of behavior. Human activity and its development also relate to culture.

What kind of culture is there?

Culture is a diverse concept that includes many types of cultures. These are scientific, economic, political, moral, aesthetic, ecological types of cultures. Each of them reflects a certain type of human activity. Culture is also divided into spiritual and material. Spiritual is the result of spiritual production, and material is the result of material production.

There is also a distinction between imaginary and real culture. This distribution arises when they try to accurately define the word “culture” and designate this phenomenon, both in everyday life and in the scientific understanding. Culture of consumption and culture of creativity.

In addition to the fact that culture is an artistic phenomenon, in a broad sense it also embodies the process of consumption. Consumer culture is spoken of as partial programming of people and the directions of their activities. This is due to the main function of consumer culture, which is mass and accessible to everyone.

Introducing a person to culture

A person cannot exist outside of culture and cannot develop without its influence. IN in this case, man is the creator of culture, but he himself depends on it and comes under its influence. His spiritual and personal development, the measure of his development as a subject of society, depends on the level of a person’s involvement in national or world culture. When a person becomes familiar with the world's cultural values, his horizons broaden significantly and become more diverse.

Thus, a person can gain new knowledge and experience, develop his abilities and talents, create new objects and communicate with other people. But since culture is considered a dynamic process, familiarization with traditions, customs and norms of behavior occurs throughout human life. This is a continuous process that allows each individual to grow spiritually and develop fruitfully.

This process is also necessary for the constant improvement of the cultural level of the social masses and the dynamic development of the world. And the introduction of each person to the cultural process plays an important role in this case, since then it is possible to ensure the development of culture through the unity of innovations and traditions.

4) noble

A6. An example of the influence of natural factors on the development of society is

1) construction of pyramids in Ancient Egypt

2) the emergence of ancient centers of civilization in the valleys of large rivers

3) agricultural successes due to the construction of irrigation systems

4) pollution of the oceans

A7. Both society and nature

1) are dynamic systems

2) are created in the process of purposeful human activity

3) develop independently of people’s consciousness

4) are in the nature of closed systems

A8. The process of familiarization with culture, the values ​​of human society, and knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called

1) science 2) art 3) education 4) creativity

Find and indicate a term that refers to another concept.
Social norm, justice, state coercion, good and evil, public opinion, conscience and duty, moral values.

3. Establish a correspondence between the forms of culture and the examples illustrating them: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

EXAMPLES
A) bestseller
B) computer game
B) jokes
D) classical music concert
D) harvest festival
E) epic tales

FORMS OF CULTURE
1) folk
2) massive
3) elitist
4) screen

4. Find in the given list the characteristic features that distinguish science from art
1) reflects the world in images
2) requires a strict system of evidence
3) has an emotional impact
4) hypotheses are put forward
5) individual facts are analyzed and summarized

5. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.
(1) Modern science participates in the process of social management. (2) It appears that today none of the social processes should not do without scientific research and recommendations from scientists. (3) The complexity of modern society and its inconsistency force scientists to study and calculate every step, every decision. (4) Other behavior, undoubtedly, can lead to catastrophic and destructive consequences.
Determine which provisions of the text are
1) factual nature
2) the nature of value judgments

6. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing.
The peculiarity of man that distinguishes him from all other living beings is the ability to think, to create in his brain _____(A) of the world around us. We learn about this world, establish connections between objects and phenomena, and through this knowledge we learn to live, navigate in time and space. Some scientists even talk about curiosity,________(B) as an innate human need.
In science, knowledge is understood as a special _______
(B), as a result of which people acquire knowledge about various objects.
Cognition is
(D) creative activity of a person, aimed at forming his knowledge about the world, on the basis of which images, ideas and motives for further behavior arise. In the process of cognition, reality is reproduced in people's minds.
As a rule, only the search process is called cognition
________(D), and its result is called knowledge. Knowledge
- having received confirmation and justification for________ (E) knowledge of reality, its correct reflection in human thinking.
Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted into the spaces. The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Remember that there are more words in the list than you need to select.
Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap.
1) need
2) truth
3) cognitive instinct
4) process
5) activity
6) result
7) ideal images
8) objectivity
9) subject
Please note that the spaces are numbered. The table below shows the space numbers. Write down under each number the number that represents the word you chose in the list.

Worldview of the individual

The human worldview is in constant development. It can change significantly under the influence of discoveries in the field of natural and humanities. However, despite all his most profound changes in worldview, some constant component remains. Ultimately, it represents the worldview position of an individual: religious or atheistic, based on scientific or pseudoscientific knowledge, etc.

Structurally, worldview includes two relatively independent parts: worldview (worldview0 and worldview. Worldview is associated with a person’s ability to cognize the world at a sensory-visual level, i.e. at the level of images, including artistic ones. And in this sense, it determines the emotional a person’s mood: enthusiasm or despondency, an optimistic or pessimistic attitude towards life, friendliness or hostility towards others, etc.

Unlike worldview, worldview is formed on the basis of the process and results of cognitive and practical activities person. In this regard, its main elements are true knowledge and misconceptions, the practice of the person himself and society.

Knowledge of the worldview lies in the fact that it is the basis for the formation of a person’s interests and needs, the system of his value orientations, and therefore the motives of activity.

Dobrynina V.I. Worldview, its role in the modern world.

what two parts (two structural elements) includes the structure of the worldview?

correlate the types of worldviews you know with the structural elements of a worldview?

As a rule, a person’s worldview can be determined by the concepts, terms and expressions that he uses. For example, the following conceptual set may be characteristic of the worldview: faith, loneliness, vital impulse. For understanding the world there is such a set: pattern, evidence, social system. Give two examples of concepts and terms that characterize two structural elements of the worldview highlighted in the text by the author.

Do we recognize a dog because we first saw its fur?
four legs, eyes, ears, etc., or do we recognize these parts because
Did you see the dog first? This problem is whether recognition begins with
parts of the pattern (the whole “picture”), which only serves
basis for recognizing the whole (“bottom up”), or is it
begins with putting forward a hypothesis about the whole that allows it
identify, and then identify its constituent parts (“from above
down) - called the "analytic paradox".

Some theorists... have suggested that, given certain
circumstances, recognition of parts and the whole can occur
simultaneously in the direction from bottom to top and from top to bottom...

In different contexts we expect to see certain objects.
In the doctor's office we find a stethoscope, in the kitchen there is a dining room
silver, a typewriter in the office, and a fire hydrant outside. It seems,
that "knowledge of the world" somehow facilitates identification
objects in familiar contexts and interferes with their identification in inappropriate ones
contexts...

One hypothesis about how patterns and shapes are recognized is
is called “comparison with the standard”... According to this idea of
recognition in the process of acquiring life experience, we
is formed great amount standards, each of which is associated with
some meaning. Thus, visual recognition, for example,
geometric figure occurs as follows: light energy,
emanating from this figure affects the retina of the eye and is transformed
into nervous energy that is transmitted to the brain. Search in progress
among the available standards. If there is a standard that matches
neural pattern, the person recognizes that pattern. After matching
object with its standard can be further processed
information and interpretation of the object.
1) What is the essence of the analytical paradox? 2) Try to draw individual parts human face. Is it easy
are they recognized if we relate them to the whole - the face? What a thought
fragment illustrated by this example?

“Final work on social studies for the 7th grade course 1. The process of familiarization with culture, values ​​of human society, knowledge about the world, ...”

Final work on social studies for the 7th grade course

1. The process of familiarization with culture, values ​​of human society, knowledge about the world accumulated by previous generations is called

2) art

3) education

4) creativity

2. The “Golden Rule of Morality” proclaims the principle:

1) reasonable selfishness

2) live yourself - let others live

3) treat others the way you want them to treat you

4) act towards others as they treat you

3. Volodya is a good student, shows responsibility and independence in his actions. He is involved in an aircraft modeling club and music school in guitar class. All this characterizes Volodya as 1) an individual2) a person3) a student4) a comrade

4 Human freedom:

A) limited by the rights of other people

B) the ability to do everything that does not harm another person

1) only A is true2) only B is true3) both judgments are true

4) both judgments are incorrect

5. When committing a special serious crimes Criminal liability begins at the age:

1)14 years 2)18 years 3)16 years 4)20 years

6. Personality is

1) a unique combination of a person’s psychological characteristics and the most significant social qualities

2) individual traits of a person

3) color of the nation

4) a set of abilities

7. The structure of society is represented by social communities and groups in the diversity of their connections. Which social group is distinguished by profession?1) passengers2) democrats3) citizens4) engineers

8. Minimum age for employment without special parental permission:

9. Correlate the concept and definitiona) affect 1) reflection of the general state of a person’s experienceb) emotions 2) violent, short-term emotional reactionc) feelings 3) special shape reflections of the surrounding world by the psyche) mood 4) attitudes towards the surrounding world, specific events or people

___________________________________________________________________________________

Read the text and complete tasks 10-12

Convention on the Rights of the Child

The States Parties to this Convention... have agreed as follows:

For the purposes of this Convention, a child is every human being under the age of 18 years, if under the law applicable to this child, he does not reach adulthood earlier.

1. States Parties recognize that every child has an inalienable right to life.

2. States Parties shall ensure to the maximum extent possible the survival and healthy development of the child.

1. The child is registered immediately after birth and from the moment of birth has the right to a name and to acquire a nationality and, as far as possible, the right to know his parents and the right to be cared for by them.

2. States Parties shall ensure the implementation of these rights in accordance with their national law and compliance with their obligations under relevant international instruments in this area, in particular where the child would otherwise be stateless.

1. States Parties undertake to respect the right of the child to maintain his or her identity, including nationality, name and family connections as provided by law, without allowing unlawful interference.

2. If a child is unlawfully deprived of part or all of his identity, States Parties shall provide him with the necessary assistance and protection for the speedy restoration of his identity.

1. States Parties shall ensure that a child is not separated from his or her parents against their wishes unless the competent authorities, by judicial decision, determine in accordance with applicable law and procedures that such separation is necessary in the best interests of the child. Such a determination may be necessary in a particular case, such as when parents abuse or neglect a child, or when parents are separated and a decision needs to be made regarding the child's place of residence.

Science

Art

3) education.

Creativity

3) Education presupposes:

Gaining knowledge about the world around us, society, people.

Creation of new knowledge

Mastering ethical norms and values

Studying other people's experiences

4) Humanization of education is:

Refusal to give low grades

Free attendance at schools

More attention to individual characteristics personality.

Reducing study load

5) The education system is regulated by:

By the state. 3) Social group

Society 4) Individuals

6) A person receives education as a result of:

Adaptations 3) Growing up

Socialization. 4) Aging

Essay

1) Essay “Learning is fashionable!”

2) Essay “Learning is light, and ignorance is darkness!”

3) “Knowledge opens doors for us, but we must enter them ourselves.” (D.S. Likhachev)

4) “First of all, teach yourself, then you will learn something from others” (I.V. Goethe).

“The illiterate in the 21st century will not be those who cannot write and read, but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn.” (E. Toffler)

“...without the full assimilation of traditional literacy, computer literacy cannot be used to its full potential, a person turns into a computer.” (I.A. Negodaev)

Religion

philosophy

Plan:

1. Religion, concept

2. Problems of the origin of religion

2.1. Theological-technological approach

2.2. Materialistic approach

3. Signs of religion

3.1. belief in the supernatural

3.2. organization. worship of higher powers

3.3. the desire to harmonize life with the requirements of the unconditional principle (God)

4. Structure of religion

4.1. religious consciousness

4.2. religious cult

4.3. religious organization

5. Early forms religion

5.1. totemism

5.2. animism

5.3. fetishism

6. World religions

6.1. Buddhism

6.2. Christianity

7. Functions of religion

7.1. ideological

7.2. therapeutic

7.3. communicative

7.4. regulatory

7.5. cultural

7.6. integration

8. The role of religion in human life and society

Concepts

Religion(from Latin religio - shrine, piety, object of worship) - internal conviction in the existence of a supernatural higher power- God (or gods) who is the subject of worship.

Cult(from the Latin cultus - cultivation, care, veneration, worship) - a system of established religious actions associated with an attitude towards the supernatural.

Magic- belief in the existence of supernatural connections and relationships between humans and things, animals, spirits, established through a certain type of religious activity with the aim of having a desired impact on the world around them

Fetishism- worship inanimate objects: figurines, amulets, etc.

Totemism- worship of an animal or plant as one’s mythical ancestor and protector

Animism- belief in spirits and souls existing in objects and independently of them (for example, spirits of mountains, rivers, lakes or stones, trees, etc.)

Eschatology - religious teaching about the end of the world, the death of this world. E. became widespread in Christianity and Judaism.

Sacral- a term denoting everything that relates to religious faith, religious cult. Synonyms: ritual, traditional.

Scheme

Workshop

1Write down the word missing in the diagram:

Essay

Art

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy, cultural studies

Plan:

1. Art as a special form spiritual culture.

2. The main stages of the development of art in history

3. Characteristic features of art:

3.1. irrationalism;

3.2. symbolism;

3.3. subjectivism;

3.4. imagery

3.5. visibility.

4. The most important functions of art:

4.1. hedonistic (brings joy to a person);

4.2. compensatory (makes up for a person’s dissatisfaction real life);

4.3. communicative (is a means of communication in the cultural space);

4.4. aesthetic (transformation of the world based on beauty);

4.5. educational (formation of moral and aesthetic qualities of the individual);

4.6. cognitive (forms artistic, aesthetic picture peace).

5. Main types of art:

5.1. by type of means used:

5.1.1. art of words (literature);

5.1.2. art of sound (music);

5.1.3. art of color (painting);

5.1.4. art of gesture (dance, pantomime);

5.2. by the amount of funds used

5.2.1. simple (painting, sculpture, poetry, music)

5.2.2. complex or synthetic (ballet, theater, cinema);

5.3. according to the relationship between a work of art and reality

5.3.1. fine art (realistic painting, sculpture, photography)

5.3.2. expressive (ornament, music);

5.4. in relation to space and time

5.4.1. spatial ( art, sculpture, architecture),

5.4.2. temporary (literature, music)

5.4.3. spatio-temporal (theater, cinema);

5.5. by time of occurrence

5.5.1. traditional (poetry, dance, music)

5.5.2. new (photography, cinema, television, video)

5.6. according to the degree of applicability in everyday life

5.6.1. applied (decorative and applied arts)

5.6.2. graceful (music, dance).

6. Universal and national in the development of art.

7. The role of art in the modern world

Concepts

Art- a specific form of social consciousness and human activity, which is a reflection of the surrounding reality in artistic images.

Syncretism- a combination or fusion of “incomparable” ways of thinking and views, forming a conditional unity.

Renaissance- an era of global significance in the history of European culture, which replaced the Middle Ages and preceded the Enlightenment. Impressionism- direction in the art of the latter thirds of the XIX- the beginning of the 20th century, which originated in France and then spread throughout the world, whose representatives sought to develop methods and techniques that made it possible to most naturally and vividly capture the real world in its mobility and variability, to convey their fleeting impressions. Aesthetics - philosophical doctrine about the essence and forms of beauty in artistic creativity, in nature and in life, about art as a special form of social consciousness.

Irrationalism- a philosophical doctrine that asserts the impossibility of knowing reality only scientific methods presupposing the existence of areas of understanding of the world that are inaccessible to reason, puts emphasis on the intuitive-emotional way of comprehending reality

Symbolism– a direction in art or the presence of fiction and convention.

Subjectivism- an ideological position that ignores an objective approach to reality or a feature of art that assumes that it always bears the imprint of the artist’s personality.

Visibility- the ability to be easily perceived visually.

Imagery- the presence of fiction and convention ; art is not intended to accurately copy life: through art a person is immersed in the world of artistic images, but at the same time he is always aware of this illusoryness and convention.

Workshop

1 Select correct judgments about art and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Art influences a person’s worldview.

2) Art allows us to theoretically explain social phenomena.

3) Works of art help a person restore spiritual harmony, realize creative potential.

4) Art helps to attract public attention to social and moral issues.

5) The role of art is manifested in opposition to scientific concepts.

2 Illustrate with three examples the implementation of the educational function of art. (Examples should be related to various types of art.)

3 Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, relate to the characteristics of art.

1) imagery; 2) awakening fantasy and imagination; 3) reliability and verifiability of the results; 4) focus on obtaining objective truth; 5) emotionality of perception; 6) visibility.

Find two characteristics that “fall out” from general series, and write down
in the table the numbers under which they are indicated.

4 Write down the word missing in the table.

Characteristics of forms of spiritual culture

5 Are the following judgments about art true?

A. Art reflects the world in artistic images.

B. Art orients people in a system of aesthetic values.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

6 Unlike science, art

1) affirms the value of subjective figurative perception of the world

2) helps to understand the world around us

3) establishes the patterns of development of nature and society

7 Are the following judgments about spiritual culture true?

A. Spiritual culture is a unique integrity of art, science, morality and religion.

B. Within a certain historical era There have always been different cultures in the world.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

8 Art, unlike other forms of spiritual culture,

1) affirms the value of an aesthetic attitude to the world

2) creates a certain stock of knowledge about the world

3) forms a picture of the world

4) reflects reality in concepts

9 For artistic creativity it is obligatory

1) the desire for an accurate reflection of reality

2) simplicity of the form of the work

3) validity of the methods used

4) use of figurative and symbolic means

10 Are the following judgments about art as a form (sphere) of spiritual culture true?

A. The artistic image in art is important element knowledge of the world.

B. Works of art- this is always just the result of fiction, they reflect inner world artist and are not connected with reality.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

Essay

“Art should teach to love virtue and hate vice” (D. Diderot).

Morality

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy, ethics

Plan:

1. The concept of morality

2. Development of moral standards

2.2. customs

2.3. traditions

2.4. moral standards

3. Functions of morality:

3.1. educational

3.2. regulating

3.3. stabilizing

4. Features of morality:

4.1. Support from the majority of the population

4.2. Development over several hundred years

5. The basis of morality is universal human moral norms and values:

5.1. "golden rule" of morality;

5.2.1. good and evil;

5.2.2. duty and conscience;

5.2.3. justice;

5.2.4. honor and dignity;

5.2.5. happiness.

5.3. principles and moral standards.

6. The relationship between morality and ethics

7. Relationship between law and morality
Ethics as the science of morality

8. Morality in the modern world.

Concepts

Morality(from the Latin moralis - moral; mores - morals) is one of the ways of normative regulation of human behavior, a special form of social consciousness and a type of social relations.

Hedonism- a way of justifying morality, the main goal of which is to obtain pleasure and avoid suffering. How moral principle, G. prescribes that people strive for earthly joys.

Taboo- a concept associated with primitive culture and denoting a strict categorical prohibition on specially designated objects, actions and words, violation of which entails severe punishment from the team.

Cynicism- a moral quality that characterizes a contemptuous attitude towards the culture of society, towards its spiritual and moral values.

Euthanasia– a term denoting the painless bringing of a hopelessly ill person to death.

Scheme

Workshop

Essay

“The greatness of a great man is revealed in the way he treats little people.” (T. Carlyle).
1.16. concept of social progress

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy

Plan:

1. Different views on directionality social development

1.1. Plato, Aristotle, G. Vico, O. Spengler, A. Toynbee - movement along certain steps within a closed cycle, i.e. theory of historical circulation.

1.2. Religious movements are the predominance of regression in many areas of society.

1.3. French enlighteners - continuous renewal, improvement of all aspects of society.

1.4. Modern researchers - positive changes in some areas of society can be combined with stagnation and regression in others, i.e. conclusion about the inconsistency of progress.

2. The concept of progress and regression.

2.1. progress

2.2. regression

3. Forms of social progress

3.1. reform

3.2. revolution

4. Traditional criteria for progress:

4.1. development human mind

4.2. improving people's morality

4.3. progress of science and technology

4.4. development of productive forces, including man himself

4.5. an increase in the degree of freedom that society can provide to an individual

5. Relativity of progress

6. Contradictory progress

7. Humanistic criteria of progress:

7.1. average human life expectancy,

7.2. infant and maternal mortality, health status,

7.3. the level of education,

7.4. development of various spheres of culture,

7.5. feeling of satisfaction with life,

7.6. degree of respect for human rights,

7.7. attitude towards nature, etc.

8. Social revolution – as a special form of social change.

Concepts

Progress(from Latin progressus - movement forward, success) - a type of development from lower to higher, from simple to more complex, movement forward to more perfect.
Regression(from Latin regressus - reverse movement) - a type of development from higher to lower, processes of degradation, lowering the level of organization, loss of the ability to perform certain functions.

Revolution- this is a complete or comprehensive change in all or most aspects of social life, affecting the foundations of the existing social system.

Reform- this is a transformation, reorganization, change in any aspect of social life that does not destroy the foundations of the existing social structure, leaving power in the hands of the former ruling class.

Scheme

Workshop

1. The dynamism of society as a system is reflected in

1) there is a connection with the natural environment

2) a set of institutions and subsystems

3) ability to progress

4) the presence of social relations

2. Using such a criterion of social development as the success of science and technology, one can show the progressive nature

1) abolition of serfdom in Russia in 1861.

2) the spread of information technology in modern society

3) elimination of class privileges

4) treaty on the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

3. Illustrate with examples any three criteria of social progress. In each case, first state the criterion and then give an example.

4. Write down the word missing in the diagram.

5. Reform, unlike other forms of social change,

1) affects all spheres of public life

2) usually carried out by authorities

3) is sharp qualitative changes

4) involves a radical renewal of social relations

6. Are the following judgments about social progress true?

A. The sources of progress can be the human desire for knowledge, technical improvements or social contradictions.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

7. Give two manifestations of the inconsistency of social progress. Illustrate each with an example.

8. The problem of social responsibility of scientists has become particularly acute, since

1) scientists have made discoveries that have unpredictable consequences

2) science has lost its importance in society

3) society has completely lost control over the activities of scientists

4) the state increases funding for science

9. Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing.

Select from the list of words (phrases) that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“The social system is constantly changing: new elements appear, old ones become more complex or disappear. There are two forms of __________ (A): evolution and revolution. Scientists call __________ (B) a gradual process of the emergence of increasingly complex social entities. In the process of __________ (B), the social system finds itself in an unstable state, the balance of social forces is disrupted.

An important question is about __________ (D) social changes and the factors that determine them. The idea that changes in the world occur in the direction from lower to higher, from less perfect to more perfect, gave rise to the idea of ​​__________ (D).

As a result social phenomenon society is transitioning to a more high level material __________ (E) and spiritual development.”

The words in the list are given in the nominative case. Each word (phrase) can be used only once.

Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

2) social change

3) process

4) needs

5) evolution

6) information

7) social progress

8) social revolution

9) welfare

10. Are the following judgments about the forms of social development correct?

A. Reforms always occur “from above”, carried out by the government.

B.Revolution presupposes drastic qualitative changes in various fields public life.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

Essay

"Revolution is a barbaric form of progress." (J. Jaurès)

“Humanity has no purpose, no idea, no plan, just as there is no purpose in the species of butterflies or orchids. (O. Spengler)

“The progress of technology gives us ever more advanced means of moving backwards” (O. Huxley).

« Modern civilization: exchange of values ​​for convenience” (S. Lem).

“We were civilized enough to build a machine, but too primitive to use it” (K. Kraus).

“There is no progress without struggle” (F. Douglas).
1.17. Multivariate social development

(types of societies)

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy

Plan:

1. Definition of society in a narrow and in a broad sense

2. Sources of multivariance and driving forces development of society
- transformative activities of people
-natural and climatic conditions
-prominent figures

3. Classification of types of societies

3.1. By availability of writing

3.1.1. Written

3.1.2. Preliterate

3.2. By level of complexity (levels of control and degree of stratification)

3.2.1. Simple

3.2.2. Complex

3.3. According to K. Marx (formations)

3.3.1. Primitive

3.3.2. Slaveholding

3.3.3. Feudal

3.3.4. Capitalist

3.3.5. Communist

3.4. According to W. Rostow

3.4.1. Traditional (agricultural)

3.4.2. Transitional

3.4.3. Shift stage

3.4.4. Maturity stage

3.4.5. High mass consumption society

3.5. According to D. Bell, A. Toffler

3.5.1. Pre-industrial

3.5.2. Industrial

3.5.3. Post-industrial

4. Traditional society and its features

4.1. The concept of traditional society

4.2. Characteristic features of traditional societies:

4.2.1. the agricultural nature of the economy;

4.2.2. fusion of power and property;

4.2.3. the patriarchal nature of society and the state;

4.2.4. the predominance of collectivist forms of social consciousness;

4.2.5. low rates of social change and social mobility.

4.3. The main types of traditional societies:

4.3.1. societies of the ancient medieval East;

4.3.2. ancient societies Greece and Rome;

4.3.3. medieval feudal society in Western Europe;

4.3.4. Old Russian and medieval Russian society.

4.4. Specifics of social stratification of traditional societies:

4.4.1. caste or class system;

4.4.2. predominance of prescribed statuses;

4.4.3. the church and the army as the most important social elevators;

4.4.4. limited opportunities individuals to change their status.

4.5. Preservation of elements of traditional societies in the modern era.

5. Industrial society –

5.1. Concept industrial society

5.2. Signs of an industrial society

5.2.1. urbanization;

5.2.2. industrialization;

5.2.3. class division of society;

5.2.4. class antagonism;

5.2.5. transfer of power into the hands of owners;

5.2.6. representative democracy;

5.2.7. relatively small social mobility.

5.3. New Industrial Society (Galbraith)

5.3.1. system of large corporations (monopolization of the economy)

5.3.2. significant increase in the economic activity of the state

5.3.3. planned nature of the economy

5.3.4. the process of merging the "industrial system" with the state (technocracy)

5.3.5. "deproletarianization" of the working class

5.4. The future of industrial society.

6. Information (post-industrial) society and its features

6.1. The concept of the information society

6.2. Prerequisites for the birth of the information society:

6.2.1. scientific and technological revolution;

6.2.2. formation of a new scientific picture of the world;

6.2.3. microprocessor revolution.

6.3. Characteristic features of the information society:

6.3.1. priority development of the sphere high technology and service industries;

6.3.2. development of electronic means of mass communications;

6.3.3. application artificial intelligence in all spheres of social and human life;

6.3.4. recognition of the priority of human rights and freedoms.

6.3.5. changing the social structure of society.

6.4. Controversial character information civilization:

6.4.1. displacement of a person from a number of spheres;

6.4.2. increasing human dependence on a personal computer;

6.4.3. involving a person in the world of virtual contacts and communication;

6.4.4. deepening the separation of man from the natural environment.

6.5. Prospects for the development of post-industrial society.

Concepts

Socio-economic formation(from Latin formatio - education, type) - this is a society at a certain level historical development, taken in the unity of all its aspects, with its inherent method of production, economic system and superstructure rising above it

Traditional society- this is a concept denoting a set of societies, social structures, standing at different stages of development and not having a mature industrial complex. The determining factor in the development of such societies is agriculture.

Industrial society- a society characterized by a developed and complex system of division of labor with high degree its specializations, mass production of goods, automation of production and management, widespread introduction of innovations into production and people's lives. Thus, the determining factor in the development of an industrial society is industry.

Post-industrial society- this is society, in economics

which, as a result of the scientific and technological revolution and a significant increase in population incomes, priority moved from the primary production of goods to the production of services

Scheme

Workshop

1. Match distinctive features and types of societies: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

FEATURES

A) mass production of consumer goods

B) highlighting the service sector

B) the predominance of subsistence farming

D) the leading role of information in the life of society

D) appearance popular culture

TYPES OF SOCIETIES

1) traditional (agrarian) society

2) industrial society

3) post-industrial society

2. In country Z, subsistence farming dominates. What other signs from the above indicate that country Z is developing as a traditional society? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1) Oral information prevails over writing.

2) There is a rapid increase in the urban population.

3) Extensive technologies and hand tools predominate.

4) The main social units are the community and the family.

5) Scientific knowledge is widely disseminated.

6) Infrastructure is intensively developing.

3. Information Technology are the most important factor of production in country Z. What other signs of the listed indicate that country Z is developing as a post-industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Social interactions are regulated by existing social norms in the country.

2) One of the dominant production sectors in the country is the service sector.

3) Extensive farming methods predominate.

4) Natural factors influence the development of society.

5) Greatest development receive high-tech, resource-saving technologies.

6) There is a widespread introduction of computer technology into various areas of society.

4. The basis of the economy in country Z is microelectronics, telecommunications, robotics, production of materials with predetermined properties, biotechnology, etc. More and more of the working population is finding work in the service sector. What type of society is emerging?
in country Z? Name any three characteristics corresponding to this type of society that are not mentioned in the text of the assignment.

5. In country Z, the urban population is growing faster than the rural population. What other signs indicate that country Z is developing as an industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) The state guaranteed the personal freedom of citizens and creates conditions for individual self-realization.

2) The formation of a class social structure is taking place.

3) Religious organizations play a key role in public life.

4) Natural exchange (barter) predominates.

5) Mechanization of production took place.

6) Production is concentrated in large enterprises,
in industrial areas.

6. It is typical for a traditional society

1) dominance of the partner type family

2) the predominance of communal relations

3) dominance serial production products

4) implementation of the scientific and technological revolution

7. Which of the above characteristics characterizes an industrial society?

1) leading role Agriculture

2) predominance of industry

3) weak level of division of labor

4) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy

8. Are the following judgments about types of society true?

A. During the period of industrial society, the industrial revolution occurred.

B. In a post-industrial society, a person is valued primarily as a representative of a tribal or ethnic community.

1) only A is correct

2) only B is correct

3) both judgments are correct

4) both judgments are incorrect

9. Write down the word missing in the table.

10. In country Z, mass serial production is being individualized and conditions are being created for lifelong education. Which
other signs indicate that country Z is developing as a post-industrial society? Write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) Natural factors influence the development of society.

2) Extensive farming methods predominate.

3) There is a widespread introduction of computer technology into various areas of life.

4) Legal mechanisms for regulating social relations are used.

5) The structure of the economy is dominated by the service sector.

6) Science-intensive, resource-saving technologies are receiving the greatest development.

Essay

“A civilized society is like a child who received too many toys for his birthday” (D. Thomson).

"IN immoral society all inventions that increase man’s power over nature are not only not good, but undoubted and obvious evil” (L.N. Tolstoy).
1.18. Threats of the 21st century ( global problems)

Place in the system of social sciences and humanities: philosophy

Plan:

1. The process of globalization and its contradictions

1.1. The concept of globalization.

1.2. Manifestations of globalization in various spheres of life of modern society:

1.2.1. economic globalization (formation of a single world market, single supranational financial centers (World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization));

1.2.2. political globalization (formation of supranational centers for political decision-making (UN, G8, European Union), formation of common standards for democratic institutions);

1.2.3. social globalization (expanding the circle of communication, forming online social communities, bringing countries and peoples closer together);

1.2.4. globalization in the spiritual sphere (dissemination of mass culture, common cultural standards).

1.3. The main positive consequences of globalization.