Paustovsky years of life and death. Paustovsky short biography

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was born on May 31, 1892 in Moscow, on Granatny Lane, in the family of a railway employee. Konstantin's father, Georgy Maksimovich, is a descendant of the Zaporozhye Cossacks, his mother, Maria Grigorievna, is the daughter of a sugar factory employee.

Konstantin Paustovsky’s grandfather, a former Nikolaev soldier, and his Turkish grandmother lived near the ancient city White church, which is on the banks of the Ros River. It was there that the Zaporozhye Cossacks settled after the defeat of the Sich. The blood of the East, Polish blood, Zaporozhye flowed in Konstantin’s veins. Konstantin Georgievich was proud of his roots.

My father's profession - a railway extra - is not at all creative, requiring a balanced outlook on life. At heart, my father was an incorrigible romantic, a dreamer. His mother, Maria Grigorievna, had a harsh and stern disposition, especially when it came to raising children.

The family, as Konstantin Georgievich later wrote, was not small, and all with diverse interests. Family members gravitated towards art; argued a lot about different things life topics, loved the theater wholeheartedly, tried themselves on the singing path, and were fond of playing the piano. Among Paustovsky's relatives there were people endowed with a poetic gift, with a rich imagination, with developed sense beautiful.

Konstantin Georgievich recalled his childhood years with tenderness. He wrote that he looked at the world with bright and clear eyes, he was happy bright sun, and the amazing smell of grass, he thought about the mysterious land that needs to be preserved and protected.

The character of Father Konstantin Paustovsky was contradictory. He did not like to stay in one place for a long time; after Moscow he tried to settle in Vilna, Pskov, but stayed in glorious city Kyiv.

1st Kyiv classical gymnasium – educational institution, in which Konstantin Georgievich began to master the sciences. About children's and youth, which took place in Ukraine and Moscow, Paustovsky later recalled in the books “Romantics”, “Distant Years”.

The character of the future writer was not combative. The boy was shy and delicate. But this continued until a feather caught his eye. The young man was on first-name terms with this item. To respond to a bold joke, to find a sharp word - Konstantin had no equal here.

As a child, the future writer was attracted by everything unexpected; a “breeze of something extraordinary” was always rustling somewhere nearby. The desire to invent something and even believe in it sat firmly within him.

When the boy was in sixth grade, the family broke up. From now on future writer I was forced to find the means to live and study myself. Konstantin began tutoring. Subsequently, he wrote that early on he was left alone with himself, began to work, earn money for a living.

Paustovsky’s first rhymed lines appeared in the last grades of the gymnasium. There were more and more poems, they were mysteriously vague, and did not satisfy the young man. The first story by Konstantin Paustovsky was published in the Kiev literary magazine "Lights", it was in last class gymnasium, in 1911. The story was published under the pseudonym K. Balagin. Subsequently, the writer signed his true name.

Selection of material: Iris Review

The writer Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky was one of the people who knew how to subtly sense the spirit of their time. This is not just the author of diverse works - from novels to short stories, but also noble man, completely dedicated to his work and in every way “self-made.”

Biographical facts and life milestones

The future classic of Russian literature was born on May 19, 1892 in Moscow. He grew up in a large family: in addition to little Konstantin, two more brothers and a sister grew up. Since his father served as a railway worker, the family was forced to frequently change their place of residence. Settled in the Ukrainian capital in 1898.

Paustovsky first graduated from high school and wrote his first story, which was subsequently published. Later he became a university student. Since then, the writer’s life has become like a dashingly intertwined network of different roads. There was also studying in his native Moscow, which was suddenly interrupted due to the First World War, and different professions, starting from a tram conductor and ending with a metallurgist and, of course, literary work.

Since then, the writer’s life has become like a famously intertwined network of different roads: there was study in his native Moscow, which was suddenly cut short due to the First World War, and various professions, from a tram conductor to a metallurgist and, of course, literary work.

Biography of the post-revolutionary period is continuous trips around the country, and during the civil war - difficult service in the Red Army. The post-war years became the most successful in terms of creativity - there was a successful publication of essays, and, finally, the decision to completely leave work in the name of creativity was ripe. During these same years, Paustovsky did not stop traveling around Soviet Union. During the Great Patriotic War, he transformed from an editor into a war correspondent. Until 1963 he worked on a huge autobiographical story, consisting of 6 books.

Already in the mid-50s the writer was publicly recognized by the world community. Then he was able to visit many European countries, according to biographers, for quite a long time lived on the island of Capri, was nominated for Nobel Prize. Graduated from life path July 14, 1968, buried in Tarusa in accordance with his own wishes.

Creative talent: for children and more

A special place in the author’s bibliography belongs to works for children: these are fairy tales and a whole series of stories: “Hare’s Paws”, “The Disheveled Sparrow” and others. Each of them teaches love of nature and observation, kindness and imagination, honesty and conscience- everything that is so necessary in adult life. The most famous creation is considered to be the story “Basket with fir cones", introducing the reader to the unique world of the famous Norwegian composer Griga. In his “Telegram” he reveals the theme of caring, a person’s personal responsibility for everything that is done on the path of life.

For the older generation, the following were created: the collection “Oncoming Ships”, the novel “Shining Clouds”, “The Northern Tale” and “The Black Sea”, “ Golden Rose", as well as a book about making a dream come true - "Kara-Bugaz".

1. Both Paustovsky brothers died on the same day during the First World War. The writer’s son from his third marriage, Alexey, also died tragically at the age of 25.
2. The prose writer owes the romantic basis for most of his works to Alexander Green, whom he loved to read as a child.
3. The film of the same name based on the work “Kara-Bugaz” was not shown for political reasons.
4. The Nobel Prize in Literature, which could have gone to Paustovsky, was received by another Russian author, Mikhail Sholokhov.

This unique person left behind a wealth literary heritage, writing not only for people, but also about them - writers and poets, artists and painters. He wrote as he saw it: with uncontrollable lightness, sincere kindness and unique humanity.

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I was born in 1892 in Moscow, on Granatny Lane, in the family of a railway statistician. My father, despite his profession that required a sober view of things, was an incorrigible dreamer.

He could not bear any burdens or worries. Obviously, because of these properties, my father did not live in one place for a long time. After Moscow, he served in Pskov, in Vilna and, finally, more or less firmly settled in Kyiv, on the South-Western Railway.

My mother, the daughter of an employee at a sugar factory, was a domineering and unkind woman. All her life she held “strong views”, which boiled down mainly to the tasks of raising children.

Her unkindness was feigned. The mother was convinced that only with strict and harsh treatment of children could they be raised into “something worthwhile.”

Our family was large and diverse, inclined towards the arts. The family sang a lot, played the piano, and reverently loved the theater. I still go to the theater as if it were a holiday.

I studied in Kyiv, at a classical gymnasium. Our release was lucky: we had good teachers so-called " humanities" - Russian literature, history and psychology. We knew and loved literature and, of course, spent more time reading books than preparing lessons.

The best time - sometimes unbridled dreams, hobbies and sleepless nights - was the Kiev spring, the dazzling and tender spring of Ukraine. She was drowning in dewy lilacs, in the slightly sticky first greenery of Kyiv gardens, in the smell of poplar and the pink candles of old chestnuts.

In springs like these, it was impossible not to fall in love with schoolgirls with heavy braids and write poetry. And I wrote them without any restraint, two or three poems a day.

In our family, which at that time was considered progressive and liberal, they talked a lot about the people, but by them they meant mainly peasants. They rarely talked about workers, about the proletariat.

At that time, when I heard the word “proletariat,” I imagined huge and smoky factories - Putilovsky, Obukhovsky and Izhora - as if the entire Russian working class was assembled only in St. Petersburg and precisely at these factories.

When I was in the sixth grade, our family broke up, and from then on I had to earn my own living and education. I made my living through rather hard work, the so-called tutoring. In the last grade of the gymnasium, I wrote my first story and published it in the Kiev literary magazine "Lights". This was, as far as I remember, in 1911.

From then on, the decision to become a writer took such a strong hold on me that I began to subordinate my life to this single goal. In 1912 I graduated from high school, spent two years at Kiev University and worked winter and summer as the same tutor, or rather, as a home teacher.

By that time, I had already traveled quite a bit around the country (my father had free train tickets). In 1914 I transferred to Moscow University and moved to Moscow. The first one started World War. As the youngest son in the family, according to the laws of that time, I was not accepted into the army.

There was a war going on, and it was impossible to sit through boring university lectures. I languished in a dull Moscow apartment and was eager to get out into the thick of life, about which I knew so little.

At that time I became addicted to Moscow taverns. There, for five kopecks, you could order “a couple of teas” and spend the whole day surrounded by the hubbub of people, the clinking of cups and the clanking roar of the “machine” - the orchestrion.

Taverns were public gatherings. Who did I meet there! Cab drivers, Holy Fools, peasants, workers, Tolstoyans, milkmaids, gypsies, seamstresses, artisans, students, prostitutes and bearded soldiers - "militia". Then I had already decided to give up writing my vague stories for a while and “go into life.”

I took the first opportunity to escape from my meager household and became a counselor on the Moscow tram.

In the late autumn of 1914, several rear ambulance trains began to be formed in Moscow. I left the tram and became an orderly on one of these trains.

We took the wounded in Moscow and transported them to deep rear cities. Then I first knew and with all my heart and forever fell in love with central Russia with its low and, as it seemed to me then, lonely but sweet skies, with the milky smoke of the villages, lazy ringing bells, drifting snow and creaking sledges, small forests and manure-laden cities - Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod, Arzamas, Tambov, Simbirsk and Samara.

While working on the ambulance train, I heard many wonderful stories and conversations from the wounded on all sorts of occasions. In 1915, our entire student team was transferred from the rear train to the field train. Now we took the wounded near the battlefield, in Poland and Galicia, and took them to Gomel and Kyiv.

In the fall of 1915, I transferred from the train to a field ambulance detachment and walked with it a long retreat route from Lublin in Poland to the town of Nesvizh in Belarus.

In the detachment, from a greasy piece of newspaper I came across, I learned that on the same day they were killed on different fronts my two brothers. I was left with my mother completely alone, except for my half-blind and sick sister.

I returned to my mother, but could not stay in Moscow for a long time and again began my wandering life. The February Revolution found me in the remote town of Efremov, the former Tula province. I immediately left for Moscow, where noisy rallies were already taking place at all crossroads, but mainly near the monuments to Pushkin and Skovelev.

I started working as a reporter for newspapers, didn’t sleep or eat, rushed around rallies and for the first time met two writers - Chekhov’s friend Gilyarovsky, and the aspiring writer Volgar Yakovlev.

After October revolution and the move of the Soviet government to Moscow, I often attended meetings of the Central Executive Committee, heard Lenin several times, and witnessed all the events in Moscow at that unprecedented, young and turbulent time. Then again wandering around the south of the country, again Kyiv, service in the Red Army in a guard regiment, battles with all sorts of inveterate atamans.

I left Kiev for Odessa and began working there for the newspaper “Moryak” - perhaps the most original of all Soviet newspapers of that time. It was printed on the back of multi-colored sheets of tea parcels.

In Odessa, I first found myself among young writers. Among the employees of "Sailor" were Kataev, Ilf, Bagritsky, Shengeli, Lev Slavin, Babel, Andrei Sobol, Semyon Kirsanov and even the elderly writer Yushkevich.

In Odessa, I lived near the sea, and wrote a lot, but had not yet published, believing that I had not yet achieved the ability to master any material and genre.

Soon the “muse of distant wanderings” took possession of me again. I left Odessa, lived in Sukhum, Batumi, Tbilisi, was in Erivan, Baku and Julfa, until I finally returned to Moscow.

I worked in Moscow as an editor for ROST for several years and have already begun to publish from time to time. My first book was a collection of short stories, “Oncoming Ships.” Almost every book of mine is a trip. Or rather, every trip is a book.

After a trip to Poti, I wrote “Colchis”, after studying the shores of the Black Sea region - “The Black Sea”, after living in Karelia and Petrozavodsk - “The Fate of Charles Lonseville” and “The Lake Front”. During the Great Patriotic War I was a war correspondent on the Southern Front and also traveled to many places.

Each writer has his own way of living and writing. As for me, then for fruitful work I need two things: travel around the country and focus.

IN post-war years I traveled a lot in the West - I was in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Italy - I lived on the island of Capri, in Turin, Rome, in Paris and in the south of France - in Avignon and Arles.

I was in England, Belgium - in Brussels and Ostend, - Holland, Sweden and in passing in other countries.

We encounter Paustovsky’s work while still studying at school. I would like now to plunge at least a little into the biography of this amazing and talented person. It is described in parts by him in autobiographical trilogy"The Tale of Life". In general, all of Paustovsky’s works are based on his personal life observation and experience, and therefore, when reading them, you get acquainted with many interesting facts. His fate was not easy, like every citizen of that complex and controversial era. He is most revered as the author of numerous children's stories and fiction.

Biography

Paustovsky's biography began on May 31, 1892, when the future writer was born. He was born in Moscow, in the family of an extra railway Georgy Maksimovich Paustovsky. Mom's name was Maria Grigorievna Paustovskaya. On his father's side, his ancestry leads to the ancient family of the Cossack hetman P.K. Sagaidachny. His grandfather was a Cossack Chumak, who instilled in his grandson a love for his national folklore and nature. My grandfather fought in the Russian-Turkish war, was captured, from where he returned with his wife, Turkish Fatima, who was baptized in Russia under the name Honorata. Therefore, both Ukrainian-Cossack and Turkish blood flows in the writer’s veins.

Life and art

He spent almost his entire childhood in Ukraine, and in 1898 his entire family moved there. Paustovsky always thanked fate for the fact that he grew up in Ukraine; it became for him that bright lyre with which the writer never parted.

The Paustovsky family had four children. When his father abandoned his family, Konstantin was forced to leave school because he needed to help his mother.

Paustovsky's further biography shows that he nevertheless received an education, having studied at the classical gymnasium in Kyiv. Afterwards, in the same city, he entered the university at the Faculty of History and Philology. After some time, he transferred to Moscow University and studied there at the Faculty of Law, thereby supplementing his education. But then the First World War began.

Paustovsky: stories

The writer begins his work with the story “On the Water”, later it will be published in the Kiev magazine “Lights”. During the war, Paustovsky had the right not to take part in it, since his two older brothers were already at war. Therefore, he remained to work in the rear and became a counselor on a tram, then an orderly on a military train, on which he traveled through Belarus and Poland in 1915.

After the revolution of 1917, he begins his career. During the same period, the civil war begins, and the writer first finds himself in the ranks of the Petliurists, but then goes over to the side of the Red Army.

After the war, Konstantin Paustovsky travels through the south of Russia. Lives in Odessa for some time, working for the newspaper “Sailor”. There he meets such famous writers, like I. Babel, S. Slavin, I. Ilf. Works at factories in Taganrog, Yekaterinoslavl, Yuzovsk. And at the same time he wrote his first voluminous story, “Romantics,” which, however, would not be published until 1930.

And then he moves to the Caucasus and lives in Sukhumi, Batumi, Baku, Tbilisi and Yerevan. In 1923, he was already in Moscow, where he got a job as editor of ROSTA. Paustovsky's works began to be widely published here.

In 1928, a collection of his works, “Oncoming Ships,” was published. In the 30s, Paustovsky actively published in the Pravda newspaper and other magazines.

Paustovsky: stories

But he will continue his travels and travel around the country to reflect her life in his works, which will bring him fame as a writer.

In 1931, the famous story “Kara-Bugaz”, written by Paustovsky, was published. One after another, stories begin to emerge from his pen. These are “The Fate of Charles Lonseville”, and “Colchis”, and “The Black Sea”, and “The Northern Tale”, etc. He will also write many other works about the Meshchera region and the stories “Constellation of Hound Dogs”, “Orest Kiprensky ", "Taras Shevchenko", "Isaac Levitan" and others.

During the Second World War he worked as a military correspondent. After its completion, he travels between Moscow and Tarus ( Kaluga region). He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of Lenin. In the 50s he went on a tour of Europe.

Paustovsky died in Moscow in 1968, on July 14. However, he was buried in the cemetery in Tarusa.

Writer's personal life

Konstantin Paustovsky met his first wife in Crimea, and her name was Ekaterina Stepanovna Gorodtsova. They got married in 1916. They had a son, Vadim, but twenty years later the couple broke up.

His second wife, Valishevskaya-Navashina Valeria Vladimirovna, was the sister of the famous Polish artist. They got married in the late 30s, but after quite a while for a long time there was a divorce again.

Paustovsky's biography indicates that he also had a third wife - very young and beautiful actress Tatyana Alekseevna Evteeva-Arbuzova, who gave him a son, Alexei.

Writer's statements

Any statement about the language of the writer Paustovsky suggests that he was a great master of the Russian word, with the help of which he could “sketch” magnificent landscapes. Thus, he instilled in children and taught them to see the beauty that surrounds them. Konstantin Paustovsky also greatly influenced the development of Soviet prose.

For the story “Telegram,” the movie star herself publicly knelt before him and kissed his hand. He was even nominated for the Nobel Prize, which Sholokhov eventually received.

It’s very interesting where he, for example, said that in relation to a person native language one can accurately judge not only his cultural level, but also clearly present it civil position. It is impossible not to agree with his saying, in which he said that there is nothing in our lives that could not be conveyed in Russian words. And here he is right: in fact, Russian - richest language peace.

Memory of descendants

Paustovsky’s biography is such that he had a fairly principled position in relation to the authorities, but he did not have to serve time in camps and prisons; on the contrary, the authorities presented him with state awards.

In honor of the writer’s memory, library No. 2 in Odessa was named after him, and in the same city in 2010 the first monument to him was unveiled. In 2012, on August 24, another monument was unveiled in Tarusa, on the banks of the Oka River, where he is depicted together with his beloved dog named Grozny. The streets of such cities as Moscow, Odessa, Kyiv, Tarus, Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don, Dnepropetrovsk are named after the writer.

His six-volume volume was published in 1958 full meeting works with a circulation of 225 thousand copies.

Biography, life story of Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich

early years

Konstantin's parents divorced, so the teenager had to earn a living himself. As a high school student, Paustovsky tried to write and published his first story. He decided to buy more life experience to know everything and experience everything for yourself. After graduating from high school, Konstantin entered the philosophy department of the local university in Kyiv. After some time, he transferred to the same faculty, but to a university in Moscow. When the war began - World War I, Paustovsky was not taken into the army, because according to the law they were not taken then younger sons. Therefore, Konstantin went to work - first as a tram leader, then he began to work as an orderly, albeit in the rear. Later, the young man began to travel around the country, wandering around cities and changing jobs. In a short time, he visited Bryansk, where he worked as a factory worker, then worked in Taganrog, and often fished in the summer on the Sea of ​​Azov with a team of local fishermen.

Post-revolutionary years

Right after February Revolution Konstantin Paustovsky again found himself in Moscow and witnessed absolutely all Moscow revolutionary events. He worked as a simple reporter in metropolitan newspapers, and in free time wrote my first story. While working for newspapers, Konstantin traveled a lot around Russia and the provinces of the former Russian Empire. He moved to Kyiv and fought in the ranks of the Red Army, fearlessly fighting the local atamans. Then the future writer left for Odessa, where he again went to work for a newspaper. In the friendly and fairly numerous environment of Odessa writers, he met Valentin Petrovich Kataev, Eduard Georgievich Bagritsky, Isaac Emmanuilovich Babel and other celebrities. He did not stay in Odessa, he left again to wander and acquire new experience life. Before returning to the Russian capital again, he visited major cities south, worked in Yerevan, Tbilisi and Sukhumi.

CONTINUED BELOW

In the 30s, Konstantin Paustovsky published his first story, which was called “Romantics,” in one of the Moscow publishing houses. In the capital, working as an editor at ROSTA, he published a collection of his own stories, then a story called “Kara-Bugaz”. While traveling around the country, he learned new things and wrote about everything he saw. Having published several books, Paustovsky decided to dedicate future fate literary creativity, left the reporter's job. Konstantin Georgievich did not stop traveling around the country; he made for himself the discovery of the original protected Russia, especially Meshchera.

He wrote many stories about the Meshchera region. At the end of the 30s, the writer began to publish a post-Meshchera cycle of short lyrical stories. In them the writer showed ordinary people with detachment from everyday life and professional work, introducing some sentimental shade into everyday stories. These were stories about the beauty and inexpressible charm present in every moment of human life.

Creativity ideas

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky outlined his beliefs about the tasks of writing in a philosophical treatise called “The Golden Rose.” Paustovsky read in literary institute lectures to students about the skill of word creation. At the same time, the writer constantly returned to his hard-won ideas in own works. These were ideas about the freedom of creativity, about the impossibility of being tied to canons and laws for writers.

Years of the Patriotic War

During the war, Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky worked as a war correspondent in several army newspapers, he wrote a lot of notes and short essays. At this time he was working on a large novel, “Smoke of the Fatherland.” At the center of the novel - besieged Leningrad. The novel was lost, but was later found and published twenty years later.

"The Tale of Life"

Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky went abroad for the first time after the war, starting to travel as a tourist. In his youth, the writer had already visited all these places several times. foreign countries in your imagination. Paustovsky saw a lot, wrote about everything he saw and was imbued with the idea of ​​​​the kinship of all countries on planet Earth. He paid main attention hard work over a series of books united common name"The Tale of Life." In five books in this series, he reflected current Soviet reality; the work was completed in 1963. The beginning of the story - years civil war. This large and complex autobiographical epic reflected all the lyricism characteristic of the writer’s work, while he remained true to his constant style of presentation and his ideas. Strict, fundamental historicity was colored in the autobiographical series of books with lyrical and rather picturesque details. However, just at historical image many inaccuracies were made. These were descriptions of places where the writer did not witness the events that took place, but which he wanted to portray as important milestones in history. It was in these places that he turned out to be weaker as a writer, retreating from his usual autobiography. However, this memoir prose by Konstantin Georgievich was the most significant, showing the past era in the widest possible scope. Work on these stories took place last years Paustovsky’s life, which he spent in Tarusa.

Personal life

Konstantin Georgievich was married three times. His first wife was Ekaterina Stepanovna Zagorskaya, the daughter of a priest and a teacher. Konstantin and Catherine met at the front. Great story love: he is a young and brave fighter for world peace, a brave orderly, she is a caring and sweet nurse... The lovers got married in the summer of 1916. In 1925, their son Vadim was born.

In 1936, the couple divorced. The reason for this was Paustovsky’s new love - the incomparable Valeria Vladimirovna Valishevskaya-Navashina, the sister of the famous Polish artist, who a little later became the writer’s second wife.

However, Valeria was unable to win Paustovsky’s heart once and for all. At the end of the 1940s, Konstantin Georgievich fell in love for the third time. His chosen one was Tatyana Alekseevna Evteeva-Arbuzova, theater actress. Tatyana Alekseevna gave Paustovsky a son, Alexei (born 1950). Unfortunately, the young man died at the age of 26 from a drug overdose. And two years later, Tatyana herself passed away...