Lesson on Griboyedov with presentation. Presentation on literature "A.S. Griboedov

This presentation can serve as didactic material when conducting an introductory lesson on the creativity of A.S. Griboedova. The presentation contains basic information from the writer's biography, as well as the history of the creation of his central work - the comedy "Woe from Wit". Information about life Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov can be supplemented with an oral story about his origin. Griboyedov - a famous Russian writer, poet, playwright, brilliant diplomat, state councilor, author of the legendary play in verse "Woe from Wit", was a descendant of an old noble family. Born in Moscow on January 15 (January 4, O.S.), 1795, from an early age he showed himself to be an extremely developed and versatile child. Wealthy parents tried to give him an excellent home education, and in 1803 Alexander became a pupil of the Moscow University Noble Boarding School. At the age of eleven he was already a student at Moscow University (literature department). Having become a candidate of literary sciences in 1808, Griboyedov graduated from two more departments - moral-political and physical-mathematical. Alexander Sergeevich became one of the most educated people among his contemporaries, knew about a dozen foreign languages, and was very gifted musically.

With the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812, Griboyedov joined the ranks of volunteers, but he did not have to participate directly in military operations. In 1815, with the rank of cornet, Griboyedov served in a cavalry regiment that was in reserve. The first literary experiments date back to this time - the comedy “The Young Spouses”, which was a translation of a French play, the article “On Cavalry Reserves”, “Letter from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher”.

At the beginning of 1816, A. Griboedov retired and came to live in St. Petersburg. While working at the College of Foreign Affairs, he continues his studies in a new field of writing, makes translations, and joins theatrical and literary circles. It was in this city that fate gave him an acquaintance with A. Pushkin. In 1817, A. Griboyedov tried his hand at drama, writing the comedies “My Family” and “Student”.

In 1818, Griboyedov was appointed to the position of secretary of the tsar's attorney, who headed the Russian mission in Tehran, and this radically changed his further biography. The deportation of Alexander Sergeevich to a foreign land was regarded as punishment for the fact that he acted as a second in a scandalous duel with a fatal outcome. The stay in Iranian Tabriz (Tavriz) was indeed painful for the aspiring writer.

In the winter of 1822, Tiflis became Griboyedov’s new place of service, and General A.P. became the new chief. Ermolov, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in Tehran, commander of Russian troops in the Caucasus, under whom Griboyedov was secretary for diplomatic affairs. It was in Georgia that he wrote the first and second acts of the comedy “Woe from Wit.” The third and fourth acts were already composed in Russia: in the spring of 1823, Griboyedov left the Caucasus on vacation to his homeland. In 1824, in St. Petersburg, the last point was put in the work, the path to fame of which turned out to be thorny. The comedy could not be published due to censorship and was sold in handwritten copies. Only small fragments “slipped” into print: in 1825 they were included in the issue of the almanac “Russian Waist”. Griboyedov’s brainchild was highly appreciated by A.S. Pushkin.

Griboyedov planned to take a trip to Europe, but in May 1825 he had to urgently return to service in Tiflis. In January 1826, in connection with the Decembrist case, he was arrested, kept in a fortress, and then taken to St. Petersburg: the writer’s name came up several times during interrogations, and handwritten copies of his comedy were found during searches. Nevertheless, due to lack of evidence, the investigation had to release Griboedov, and in September 1826 he returned to his official duties.

In 1828, the Turkmanchay Peace Treaty was signed, which corresponded to the interests of Russia. He played a certain role in the biography of the writer: Griboyedov took part in its conclusion and delivered the text of the agreement to St. Petersburg. For his services, the talented diplomat was awarded a new position - the plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) of Russia in Persia. Alexander Sergeevich saw his appointment as a “political exile”; plans for the implementation of numerous creative ideas collapsed. With a heavy heart, in June 1828, Griboedov left St. Petersburg.

Getting to his place of duty, he lived for several months in Tiflis, where in August his wedding took place with 16-year-old Nina Chavchavadze. He left for Persia with his young wife. There were forces in the country and beyond its borders that were not satisfied with the growing influence of Russia, which cultivated hostility towards its representatives in the minds of the local population. On January 30, 1829, the Russian embassy in Tehran was brutally attacked by a brutal crowd, and A.S. became one of its victims. Griboyedov, who was disfigured to such an extent that he was later identified only by a characteristic scar on his hand. The body was taken to Tiflis, where its last resting place was the grotto at the Church of St. David.

Attitude to education. Attitude towards wealth. Attitude towards foreigners. Secondly, the attitude towards the service. Firstly, the attitude towards education. No matter what you say: Even though they are animals, they are still kings. Attitude towards service. Service was considered an honorable duty of a nobleman. Famus Society. Despotism towards servants. Also, Famus society loves the dumb. Attitude to society. Thirdly, attitude towards marriage.

“The Life and Work of Griboyedov” - From a portrait of I. Kramskoy. Selling peasants at auction. Sculpture by A. Manuylov. A.S. Griboyedov. City of Tiflis. Nina Aleksandrovna Griboyedova. Griboedov's grave on Mount Mtatsminda, Tbilisi. Life and work of A.S. Griboedova. Since 1814, Griboyedov settled in St. Petersburg. Comedy by Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Tombstone at the grave of A.S. Griboedova. The Griboedov House in Moscow, near Novinsky.

“Biography of Griboedov” - Portraits of Griboyedov. Patriotic War. Love. Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Political link. Service in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. Fatherland. Life and customs of an old noble family. First literary experiments. Griboyedov and the Decembrists. Death. My friend. Death of Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Tiflis. Biography of Griboyedov. Melancholic character. In Petersburg.

"A. Griboedov" - The War of Russia with Persia. Griboyedov was arrested. Griboedov's demands. Paskevich, a relative of Griboyedov. Autocracy and serfdom. Persian government. Griboedov, overwhelmed by a patriotic impulse. Literary activity. Future Decembrists. Comedy by Griboyedov. Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Critic Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky. A society of widely educated people. Embassy Secretary.

“Griboedov’s Comedy “Woe from Wit”” - Materials for studying the comedy by A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Love triangle in comedy. Sophia. There is no happy ending, no vice is punished. Main characters. Heroes of Griboedov's comedy. Blessed is he who believes. The romantic nature of the conflict. Lisa. Questions about the works of A.S. Griboedova. The present century and the past century. Talking names in comedy. Off-stage characters. Catchphrases from comedy. The principle of three unities.

“Brief biography of Griboedov” - “And a golden bag, and aims to become a general.” The idea is “Woe from Wit”. Arrest. Buried in Tiflis. The Khmelita estate, the family estate of the Griboyedovs since 1680. Who was he? Griboedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795 -1829). “You don’t watch happy hours.” Turkmanchay Treaty. “Sin is not a problem, rumor is not good.” Meeting. “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory...” Nina Chavchavadze. Nina Chavchavadze. The comedy produced an indescribable effect.

Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov

(1795-1829)

Childhood.

Alexander Sergeevich was born on January 4 (15) in a family that belonged to an old noble family. The boy's parents were quite rich. They had villages in 3 provinces, in which in total there were more than 1000 peasants. The Griboyedov family occupied a prominent place among the Moscow nobility, although Alexander’s father,

Content with the modest rank of major, he retired early.

The main role in the family belonged not to retired Major Sergei Ivanovich Griboedov, but to his wife Nastasya Fedorovna. In addition, soon after the boy was born, his parents separated, or, as they said then, separated. Or rather, only Sergei Ivanovich left. He settled in a small estate near one of his villages. Little Sasha rarely saw his father.

Nastasya Fedorovna was an intelligent and very powerful woman; She spoke directly and harshly about people, and her acquaintances were afraid of her. She was ugly and very nearsighted, and when she squinted, peering at the person she was talking to, her intense gaze gave an unkind expression to her face. Nastasya Fedorovna treated the servants arrogantly. She did not allow any objections.

She loved her son and daughter very much in their own way. But they had to unquestioningly carry out her will. When Sasha was in his second year, his mother assigned him a French bonnet. Probably, at the same time, she was the teacher of the boy’s sister, Masha, or Marie, as she was called in French. Little Sasha almost simultaneously learned to speak both French and his native Russian.

Nastasya Fedorovna Griboyedova

Sergei Ivanovich Griboyedov

Like any manor's house, the Griboedovs had many rooms, and each seemed to have its own personality. Nastasya Fedorova's children probably had special bedrooms and a separate room for games and activities. The house had an extensive dining room with a large extendable table, and next to it there was a sofa room, where guests went after dinner.

The Griboedov House near Novinsky in Moscow (far left)

The Griboedov house stood near a wide square, where every year on Easter week the famous Moscow “festival near Novinsky” took place. On these days, swings, carousels, a puppet show were held on Novinskaya Square, and sweets and toys were sold.

“The Griboedov house was near Novinsky, with a large open gallery to the square; one can judge how happy we were when, on the holy day, during the famous skating, we crowded in this gallery in a crowd of peers and adults who had gathered to watch what was happening near Novinsky,” this is how Griboyedov’s peer and distant relative V. wrote about these festivities. AND. Lykoshin.

In the world where Alexander Griboyedov lived since childhood, much seemed tempting and was remembered forever. But when the boy grew up, life opened up to him from new sides, interesting in their own way.

University boarding house.

In 1803, when Griboyedov was 9 years old, he began to study at the Moscow University Noble Boarding School, while continuing to live at home. Aleksandr was younger than most of the students, but he did not lag behind them and studied hard. He studied Russian, literature, French, German and English, mathematics, physics, natural science, geography and many other subjects.

In winter, Sasha studied especially hard. It was necessary to prepare homework lessons; In addition, he additionally studied Latin with his home teacher Petrosilius.

In the summer, teaching at the boarding school was interrupted. Alexander with his mother, sister and servants left for Khmelita. It was a large estate in Vyazemsky district, Smolensk province, which previously belonged to Nastasya Fedorovna’s father.

Returning from Khmelita in the fall, Nastasya Fedorovna invited music and dance teachers for her son and daughter. Sasha was especially excited and happy about music lessons. He sat down at the piano when he was free from preparing lessons. The love of music lasted throughout Griboyedov’s entire life. Even the famous composer Glinka later called him a good musician.

In 1806, when Sasha Griboedov was 12 years old, he completed his studies at the boarding school. Childhood is over, a new time has begun in life.

At Moscow University.

The university was located in a large, beautiful building, the facade of which overlooked Mokhovaya, and the side facing Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street.

Before the lectures began, carriages and carriages drove up to the University. Young people came out of them in immaculately tailored student uniforms and their

tutors. Griboyedov came with

German tutor Petrosilius. The tutors accompanied the students not only to supervise their behavior, but also, while attending lectures with them, to help them, if necessary, at home in their studies.

At the time Griboyedov entered Moscow University, there were only about 200 students in all its faculties.

Not only Russian professors taught at the University, but also German scientists specially invited from abroad.

Griboedov listened to lectures from both Russian and German professors. Classes in small classrooms, with a small number of students, were often accompanied by conversation. The professors gave lectures, answered questions and asked the students themselves, ascertaining their knowledge.

Griboedov graduated from the literature department in June 1808. After the exams, he became a candidate of literary sciences.

Griboyedov was only 14 years old when he graduated from the verbal department. Therefore, he could not immediately enter the civil service, even if his mother had wished this, who wanted her son to start “making a career” early.

Griboyedov continued to study at the university, moving to the Faculty of Law, then called the moral and political faculty. He still went to the university with his tutor, but no longer with Petrosilius, but with Bogdan Ivanovich Ion.

The new tutor was a young, educated German. He treated the young man like an older friend, ready to help with his studies.

At the moral and political faculty of Moscow University, 2-3 philosophical courses were taught. And the main place in his programs was occupied by the sciences necessary for lawyers or future statesmen: political - i.e., state law, international law, criminal justice of the Russian Empire, legislation of different nations, political economy.

It was during his student years that he began to write. The first work that reached us was a parody of

tragedy "Dmitry

Donskoy"

called "Dmitry Dryanskoy". It was written in 1810,

when Griboyedov turned 16 years old.

It is possible that after graduating from the university, Griboyedov would have entered the service of the College of Foreign Affairs, but in the last year of his studentship the Patriotic War began.

Life after university.

When the war began, the Griboyedov family was in Moscow. Alexander Griboyedov could not be called up for military service against his will. Military service was not obligatory for a nobleman at that time. But Griboyedov volunteered to join the hussar regiment of Count Saltykov, he was enlisted as a cornet and thus he immediately became an officer of the junior cavalry.

The regiment in which Griboyedov served remained in Moscow for a long time. He left Moscow a few hours before the French entered the city.

Circumstances were such that Griboyedov never managed to fight the French.

In the spring of 1813, Griboyedov fell ill and was released for treatment in the city of Vladimir. Only at the beginning of autumn did Alexander return to his regiment. Soon after returning to the regiment, Griboyedov was appointed adjutant to the cavalry general Kologrivov, who was in Brest-Litovsk.

Then he went to St. Petersburg to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. He did not enter the service immediately, but only a year later. While living in St. Petersburg, Griboyedov entered the circle of people closely associated with the theater, and he himself began to participate in heated debates about literary and theatrical productions.

Griboyedov was appointed secretary of the diplomatic mission sent to Iran. Alexander did not want to leave for a foreign country for several years, but he had to accept the appointment. At the end of August 1818, Griboyedov left St. Petersburg for Moscow, from where he went to the Caucasus and Iran.

Alexander spent several years in Iran and the Caucasus. There he began to write "Woe from Wit." Leaving for Moscow on May 5, 1823, Griboyedov took with him the manuscript of two acts of the play. In the fall of 1823, the comedy was completed. It brought Griboyedov fame.

Then Griboyedov went to Georgia. Along the way, he visited Kyiv and Crimea. While in Georgia, Alexander learned about the Decembrist uprising. He understood well that the rebels were led by friends. But he could not even think that his name had already been mentioned in the investigative commission.

An arrest order was issued. On January 22, 1826, Griboyedov was detained in the Grozny fortress. The next morning, Alexander, accompanied by the courier Uklonsky, left for St. Petersburg. In St. Petersburg, Griboyedov was placed in the guardhouse of the General Staff until the degree of guilt was clarified. Later, during interrogations, Alexander Sergeevich behaved confidently and calmly. He denied being a member of a secret society. However, the matter dragged on and began to threaten disaster. And yet, on February 26, the committee decided to petition for Griboedov’s release. But Nikolai did not approve the committee’s decision. In May, the investigative committee completed its work. The case went to the Supreme Court. Finally, on June 2, Griboedov was released.

Last years of life. Death in Tehran.

On July 16, 1826, the Persians began military operations in Russia. Soon Eastern Transcaucasia was in their hands.

On September 3, Griboyedov arrived in Tiflis. He stood aside from the struggle and worked on his last work, “Georgian Night,” the manuscript of which was lost in Tehran. But some sketches were preserved, as well as reviews of it, and a brief summary was transmitted.

In Tiflis, Griboyedov often visited the Akhverdovs. There he met the daughter of the poet Alexander Chavchavadze, Nina. She grew up before the eyes of the poet.

More than three years have passed. Nina has become almost an adult girl. She was beautiful and charming. And Griboyedov fell in love with her. But he was hiding

my feelings.

On May 12, 1827, Russian troops set out on a campaign towards Yerevan. Griboyedov left with them. He took a direct part in hostilities.

On March 14, 1828, Griboedov again arrived in St. Petersburg. On April 25, by decree of the Senate, he was appointed minister plenipotentiary in Iran. Alexander was not pleased with the change in fate, but nevertheless he accepted the appointment. Now Griboyedov became rich and noble, he was envied. And yet these circumstances did not change his views and way of life.

Nina Chavchavadze

A few days after his arrival, Griboyedov spoke with Nina. On this day, he dined with the Akhverdovs, sat opposite Nina and looked at her with great excitement. After dinner, he declared his love to Nina. The next morning a courier was sent to Nina’s father.

A day later, Griboyedov left for the Turkish border, to join the active army. Prince Chavchavadze's answer caught up with him on the road. Nina's father agreed to the marriage and rejoiced at their love.

This time Griboyedov happily returned to Tiflis, but on the first night he fell ill. Attacks of severe fever were repeated day after day. Nina did not leave his bedside.

And if before there was an idea to postpone the wedding until Nina turned 16 years old, now it seemed impossible. The girl was not afraid of separation from her family, the harsh morals of a foreign country, which doomed the woman to reclusion. And on August 22, the wedding took place in the Zion Cathedral.

On September 9, the mission left for Tabriz. In December, the Russian mission was preparing to leave for Tehran. Griboedov was burdened by the separation from his wife, but she could not go with him - Nina was expecting a child. In Tehran, Griboedov was treated unkindly: Griboyedov could not be bought; This means that it should have been eliminated as soon as an opportunity arose. For now, it was decided to greet the envoy of the Russian mission with pomp. But trouble awaited Griboedov at every corner. At first everything was fine, then various rumors began to spread about the Russian mission; at the market, as if in

Headstone on the grave

Griboedova

random fight, beat up a pet

Griboyedova - Alexandra Gribova. But the envoy was polite and reserved. And then all the work was completed, and the day of departure was set. An unexpected incident changed the course of events. Griboedov accepted the fugitive Mirza Yakub into his mission and two captive Armenian women. Tehran was raging. The time has come to act. Griboyedov knew about the unrest in the city. They tried to persuade him not to cover up the fugitives, but Alexander stood his ground. On January 30, 1829, people filled the mosques. “Go to the house of the Russian envoy, take away the prisoners!” said the mullahs. A crowd of thousands headed to the Russian embassy. The gates cracked under the blows of the axe. People of the Russian mission began to be slaughtered in the yard. Griboedov was the last to be killed.

The poet was buried in the monastery of St. David in Tiflis.

Meeting During his next stay in the Caucasus (June 1829), A.S. Pushkin met a cart drawn by two oxen on the border of Georgia with Armenia. Several Georgians accompanied her. “Where are you from?” asked the poet. - “From Tehran.” - “What are you bringing?” - “Mushroom eater.” This was the body of one of the most remarkable people of the early 19th century - A. S. Griboyedov. Caucasus years. K. N. Filippov. A. Griboyedov’s routes passed along the same roads.

The Khmelita estate, the family estate of the Griboyedovs since 1680. Alexander Griboyedov’s childhood and youth years are connected with Khmelita, which he spent every summer in the house of his uncle A.F. Griboedova. Khmelita is not a random place in his destiny. This is a family nest, built by his grandfather, illuminated by the memory and graves of his ancestors, family traditions and legends, preserving Griboyedov’s landscape and architecture. Alexander Griboyedov’s childhood and youth years are connected with Khmelita, which he spent every summer in the house of his uncle A.F. Griboedova. Khmelita is not a random place in his destiny. This is a family nest, built by his grandfather, illuminated by the memory and graves of his ancestors, family traditions and legends, preserving Griboyedov’s landscape and architecture.

Birth, study, service A. S. Griboedov was born in Moscow into a wealthy, well-born family. Those around him were amazed by his unusually early rapid development. In the city he studies at Moscow University and graduates from the faculties of law and philosophy. The Patriotic War of 1812 prevented him from graduating from the third faculty of mathematics and natural sciences. Griboedov voluntarily entered the Moscow Hussar Regiment as a cornet, then was transferred to the Irkutsk Regiment. But since both regiments were in reserve, he did not have to participate in hostilities.

Memoirs of the writer Ksenophon Polevoy “We were talking about the power of man over himself. Griboyedov argued that his power is limited only by physical impossibility, but that in everything else a person can completely command himself and even make everything out of himself: “I say this because I have experienced a lot on myself. For example, during the last Persian campaign. During the battle I happened to be with Prince Suvorov. A cannonball from an enemy battery hit near the prince, showered him with earth, and at the first moment I thought that he had been killed. The prince was only shell-shocked, but I felt an involuntary trembling and could not drive away the disgusting feeling of timidity. This offended me terribly. So, am I a coward at heart? The thought is unbearable for a decent person, and I decided, no matter what the cost, to cure myself of timidity... I wanted not to tremble in front of the cannonballs in the face of death, and at the first opportunity I stood in a place where shots from an enemy battery reached. There I counted the shots I had assigned myself and then, quietly turning my horse, I calmly rode away.” “We were talking about the power of a person over himself. Griboyedov argued that his power is limited only by physical impossibility, but that in everything else a person can completely command himself and even make everything out of himself: “I say this because I have experienced a lot on myself. For example, during the last Persian campaign. During the battle I happened to be with Prince Suvorov. A cannonball from an enemy battery hit near the prince, showered him with earth, and at the first moment I thought that he had been killed. The prince was only shell-shocked, but I felt an involuntary trembling and could not drive away the disgusting feeling of timidity. This offended me terribly. So, am I a coward at heart? The thought is unbearable for a decent person, and I decided, no matter what the cost, to cure myself of timidity... I wanted not to tremble in front of the cannonballs in the face of death, and at the first opportunity I stood in a place where shots from an enemy battery reached. There I counted the shots I had assigned myself and then, quietly turning my horse, I calmly rode away.”

Griboedov was a very educated man. In 1816, Griboyedov left military service and was assigned to the College of Foreign Affairs. Griboedov was a very educated man. He spoke several European languages, studied ancient and oriental languages, read a lot, studied music, and was not only a keen connoisseur of musical works, but also composed them himself. In 1816, Griboyedov left military service and was assigned to the College of Foreign Affairs. Griboedov was a very educated man. He spoke several European languages, studied ancient and oriental languages, read a lot, studied music, and was not only a keen connoisseur of musical works, but also composed them himself.

Memories of Griboedov “He could not and did not want to hide either his mockery of sugar-coated and self-satisfied stupidity, or his contempt for low sophistication, or his indignation at the sight of a happy vice. No one will boast of his flattery, no one will dare to say that they heard a lie from him. He could deceive himself, but never deceive.” (actor P. A. Karatygin) “He could not and did not want to hide either mockery of sugar-coated and self-satisfied stupidity, or contempt for low sophistication, or indignation at the sight of a happy vice. No one will boast of his flattery, no one will dare to say that they heard a lie from him. He could deceive himself, but never deceive.” (actor P. A. Karatygin) “He was modest and condescending among friends, but was very quick-tempered, arrogant and irritable when he met people he didn’t like. Here he was ready to find fault with them over trifles, and woe to anyone who got under his skin, because his sarcasms were irresistible.” (Decembrist A. Bestuzhev) “He was modest and condescending among friends, but was very quick-tempered, arrogant and irritable when he met people he didn’t like. Here he was ready to find fault with them over trifles, and woe to anyone who got under his skin, because his sarcasms were irresistible.” (Decembrist A. Bestuzhev) Memoirs of A. S. Pushkin - textbook p.-78.

The dream of a free life It is generally accepted that Griboyedov’s house was ruled by his mother, who was cruel to her serfs. Therefore, from a young age, Alexander lived “with his mind and heart” in another world. He belonged to that circle of progressive noble youth who were opposed to violence and greedily dreamed of a new “free” life. Already at the university boarding house, Griboedov communicated closely with many future active participants in the Decembrist movement. In 1817, Griboedov took part in a duel as a second. After this difficult event, he feels the need to say goodbye to St. Petersburg. He was offered to go to diplomatic service either in the USA or in Persia. He chose Persia. It is generally accepted that Griboedov's house was ruled by his mother, who was cruel to her serfs. Therefore, from a young age, Alexander lived “with his mind and heart” in another world. He belonged to that circle of progressive noble youth who were opposed to violence and greedily dreamed of a new “free” life. Already at the university boarding house, Griboedov communicated closely with many future active participants in the Decembrist movement. In 1817, Griboedov took part in a duel as a second. After this difficult event, he feels the need to say goodbye to St. Petersburg. He was offered to go to diplomatic service either in the USA or in Persia. He chose Persia.

The idea is “Woe from Wit”. Appointed ambassador of the newly formed Russian mission at the court of the Shah of Persia, Griboyedov sets off on a long journey to the East, where he was destined to spend his best years. It was in Persia that the final plan for “Woe from Wit” matured. This is Griboyedov’s best work, although not the only one... It was preceded by several dramatic works, as well as lightweight, elegant “secular” comedies - stereotyped according to the French model. Appointed ambassador of the newly formed Russian mission at the court of the Shah of Persia, Griboyedov sets off on a long journey to the East, where he was destined to spend his best years. It was in Persia that the final plan for “Woe from Wit” matured. This is Griboyedov’s best work, although not the only one... It was preceded by several dramatic works, as well as lightweight, elegant “secular” comedies - stereotyped according to the French model. One of the handwritten copies of A. S. Griboyedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit.”

“Thunder, noise, admiration, curiosity has no end.” The comedy was completed by the fall of 1824. The 1st (draft) edition of the play has also been preserved, which is now in the Moscow State Historical Museum. Griboyedov really wanted to see the comedy in print and on stage, but a censorship ban was imposed on it. The only thing we managed to do after much trouble was to print the excerpts with censored edits. However, the comedy reached reading Russia in the form of “misprints.” The success was amazing: “There is no end to the thunder, noise, admiration, curiosity” (from a letter to Begichev, June 1824). The comedy was completed by the autumn of 1824. The 1st (draft) edition of the play has also been preserved, which is now in the Moscow State Historical Museum. Griboyedov really wanted to see the comedy in print and on stage, but a censorship ban was imposed on it. The only thing we managed to do after much trouble was to print the excerpts with censored edits. However, the comedy reached reading Russia in the form of “misprints.” The success was amazing: “There is no end to the thunder, noise, admiration, curiosity” (from a letter to Begichev, June 1824).

The arrest of the Griboyedovs constantly circulated in the Decembrist circle. When the uprising occurred, the playwright was in the Caucasus. Here in the Grozny fortress he was arrested on January 22, 1826 “by the highest command - on suspicion of belonging to a secret society.” During the 4 months of imprisonment he was interrogated several times; he denied his participation in the Decembrist affair, and his lyceum student friends confirmed his testimony. Griboedov constantly moved in the Decembrist circle. When the uprising occurred, the playwright was in the Caucasus. Here in the Grozny fortress he was arrested on January 22, 1826 “by the highest command - on suspicion of belonging to a secret society.” During the 4 months of imprisonment he was interrogated several times; he denied his participation in the Decembrist affair, and his lyceum student friends confirmed his testimony. December 14, 1825. on Senate Square in St. Petersburg for a year. Artist K. I. Kolman

Turkmanchay Treaty. Soon after Griboedov's release from arrest, the Russian-Persian War begins. Alexander Sergeevich returns to his place of service in Tiflis and takes part in the campaign. The Persians were forced to enter into peace negotiations. From the Russian side, these negotiations were led by Griboyedov. Negotiations continued, and then a peace treaty was signed in the town of Turkmanchay. Griboyedov was received with honor by the emperor, awarded the rank of state councilor, an order and four thousand chervonets, and was appointed to the high post of minister plenipotentiary in Persia. Soon after Griboedov's release from arrest, the Russian-Persian War begins. Alexander Sergeevich returns to his place of service in Tiflis and takes part in the campaign. The Persians were forced to enter into peace negotiations. From the Russian side, these negotiations were led by Griboyedov. Negotiations continued, and then a peace treaty was signed in the town of Turkmanchay. Griboyedov was received with honor by the emperor, awarded the rank of state councilor, an order and four thousand chervonets, and was appointed to the high post of minister plenipotentiary in Persia. “Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Treaty.”

Nina Chavchavadze In 1828, Griboedov married a Georgian woman, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his friend, a Georgian poet. But he is again forced to go to Persia and conduct difficult negotiations, enter into political disputes and conflicts. In 1828, Griboyedov married a Georgian woman, Princess Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his friend, a Georgian poet. But he is again forced to go to Persia and conduct difficult negotiations, enter into political disputes and conflicts.

Tragic pages of Griboedov's life This happened on January 30, 1829. A huge brutal crowd, armed with anything, incited by religious fanatics, attacked the house occupied by the Russian embassy. This happened on January 30, 1829. A huge brutal crowd, armed with anything, incited by religious fanatics, attacked the house occupied by the Russian embassy. They say that Griboyedov learned about the possibility of an attack, but it was not in his rules to retreat in the face of danger, and he proudly answered the informants that no one dared to raise a hand against the Russian ambassador. They say that Griboyedov learned about the possibility of an attack, but it was not in his rules to retreat in the face of danger, and he proudly answered the informants that no one dared to raise a hand against the Russian ambassador. A small detachment of Cossack escorts and embassy officials defended themselves heroically. But the forces were too unequal. The entire Russian embassy - 37(!) people - was torn to pieces. According to some versions, a crowd of killers dragged Griboyedov’s disfigured corpse through the streets of Tehran for three days. Then they threw him into a pit. When the Russian government demanded the release of the ambassador's body, they say that he could only be identified by his hand, which had been shot in a duel. A small detachment of Cossack escorts and embassy officials defended themselves heroically. But the forces were too unequal. The entire Russian embassy - 37(!) people - was torn to pieces. According to some versions, a crowd of killers dragged Griboyedov’s disfigured corpse through the streets of Tehran for three days. Then they threw him into a pit. When the Russian government demanded the release of the ambassador's body, they say that he could only be identified by his hand, which had been shot in a duel.

“Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you!” Shortly before leaving for Persia, Griboyedov, as if foreseeing his death, said to his wife: “Do not leave my bones in Persia: if I die there, bury me in Tiflis, in the monastery of David.” He is buried there. There, at the David Monastery, a monument was later built in honor of Griboyedov. Shortly before leaving for Persia, Griboyedov, as if foreseeing his death, said to his wife: “Do not leave my bones in Persia: if I die there, bury me in Tiflis, in the monastery of David.” He is buried there. There, at the David Monastery, a monument was later built in honor of Griboyedov.

“The comedy produced an indescribable effect and suddenly placed Griboyedov alongside our first poets” (A.S. Pushkin). “Woe from Wit” is a phenomenon that we have not seen since the days of “The Minor”, full of characters outlined strongly and sharply; a living picture of Moscow morals, soul in feelings, intelligence and wit in speeches, unprecedented fluency and nature of spoken language in poetry. All this attracts, amazes, and attracts attention” (A. Bestuzhev). “Woe from Wit” is a phenomenon that we have not seen since the days of “The Minor”, full of characters outlined strongly and sharply; a living picture of Moscow morals, soul in feelings, intelligence and wit in speeches, unprecedented fluency and nature of spoken language in poetry. All this attracts, amazes, and attracts attention” (A. Bestuzhev).

Griboyedov spent his youth stormy. He called himself and his fellow soldiers “stepchildren of common sense” - their pranks were so unbridled. There is a known case when Griboyedov Once I sat down at the organ during a service in a Catholic church. At first he took a long time and he played spiritual music with inspiration, and then suddenly switched to Russian dance music. Griboyedov also hung out in St. Petersburg, where he moved in 1816 (he spent a year in retirement and then became an official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). “But he has already begun to study literature seriously,” says V.N. Orlov.

Together with Katenin, Griboyedov wrote the best of his early works - the comedy in prose “Student”. During Griboedov’s lifetime, it did not appear either on stage or in print. Perhaps the attacks on literary opponents (Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Karamzin), whose poems were parodied in the play, seemed indecent to the censors. Moreover, in the main character - the fool Benevalsky - it was not difficult to recognize the features of these writers.
Griboedov was no less attracted to the author's fame by the behind-the-scenes life of the theater, an indispensable part of which were affairs with actresses. “One of these stories ended tragically,” as S. Petrov reports.

Duel

Two friends of Griboyedov, young revelers Sheremetev and Zavadovsky, competed over the ballerina Istomina. The well-known duelist in the city, Alexander Yakubovich (the future Decembrist), fanned the quarrel, and accused Griboedov of ignoble behavior. Sheremetev had to compete with Zavodovsky, and Yakubovich - with Griboyedov. Both duels were to take place on the same day. But while they were providing assistance to the mortally wounded Sheremetev, time was running out. The next day, Yakubovich was arrested as the instigator and exiled to the Caucasus. Griboyedov was not punished for the duel (he was not looking for a quarrel and did not fight in the end), but public opinion considered him guilty of Sheremetev’s death. The authorities decided to remove from St. Petersburg the official “involved in history.” Griboyedov was offered a position as secretary of the Russian mission either in Persia or in the United States of America. He chose the former, and it sealed his fate.

In the years when Griboyedov conceived and wrote “Woe from Wit,” a fatal gap for Russia began between the authorities and the thinking part of society. Some European educated people resigned in scandal, many others became members of secret anti-government organizations. Griboyedov saw this, and his idea for a comedy matured. Undoubtedly, the fact that the expulsion of the author himself from St. Petersburg was associated with slander played a role here. “In a word, Griboyedov was tormented by a problem - the fate of an intelligent person in Russia,” writes N.M. Druzhinin.
The actual plot (“plan”, as they said then) of “Woe from Wit” is simple. Griboyedov himself retold it best of all in a letter to Katenin: “The girl herself, not stupid, prefers a fool to an intelligent man... and this man, of course, is in contradiction with the society around him... Someone out of anger made up about him that he was crazy, no one believed it and everyone repeats... he didn’t give a damn to her and everyone and was like that. The queen is also disappointed about her honey honey” (i.e. the heroine is disappointed in the “fool”).

And yet, almost none of his contemporaries understood the plan for “Woe from Wit.” The play was so inconsistent with the usual ideas about comedy that even Pushkin saw it as a flaw, not an innovation. Katenin, and even more so Griboedov’s magazine ill-wishers (he had them), shared the same opinion.
First of all, readers are accustomed to the “rule of three unities.” In “Woe from Wit” the unity of place and time is observed, but the main thing - the unity of action - is not visible. Even in Griboyedov’s presentation, at least two plot lines are visible. Firstly, a love triangle: the main character Chatsky (“smart man”) – Molchalin (“sugar medovich”) – Sofya Pavlovna (“Queen”). Secondly, the story of the confrontation between the hero and the whole society, which ends with gossip about madness. These lines are connected: after all, it was none other than Sophia who started the gossip. And yet the plot is clearly “bifurcated”.

It was also doubtful to what extent the play had the right to be called a comedy. Of course, in “Woe from Wit” there are a lot of funny lines and many of the characters are funny (dignitary Famusov - Sophia’s father, Colonel Skalozub, young lady Natalya Dmitrievna, slacker Repetilov). But this is not enough for a real comedy. The plot itself should be comical - some kind of misunderstanding that is resolved in the finale. In addition, according to the literary ideas of Griboyedov’s time, positive heroes, as a rule, win as a result of cunning tricks, while negative ones are left in the cold.
In “Woe from Wit,” as literary scholars have noted, everything is very similar—and everything is not the same. It is Chatsky who finds himself in a funny position: he cannot believe that Sophia really loves the “wordless” Molchalin. But the author and the reader do not laugh at all, but are sad and sympathize with the hero, who in the finale runs “...to search the world where there is a corner for an offended feeling...” Sophia is convinced that Molchalin never loved her, and this is also dramatic, not comic situation. The funny thing, however, is Famusov in the finale, in whose house a scandal broke out. But judging by the “plan,” Famusov is a minor character. In the end, there were no winners, and no one was trying to win. There is no one to laugh at either.

In January 1826, after the Decembrist uprising, Griboyedov was arrested on suspicion of involvement in a conspiracy. A few months later, he was not only released, but also received another rank, as well as an allowance in the amount of an annual salary. There really was no serious evidence against him, and even now there is no documentary evidence that the writer somehow participated in the activities of secret societies. On the contrary, he is credited with a disparaging description of the conspiracy: “One hundred warrant officers want to turn Russia over!” But, perhaps, Griboedov owes such a complete acquittal to the intercession of a relative - General I.F. Paskevich, favorite of Nicholas I.
Paskevich turned out to be Griboyedov’s new boss in the Caucasus. He sincerely loved and appreciated the writer. He was with the general during the war with Persia, and participated in peace negotiations in the village of Turkmenchay. Griboedov drew up the final version of the peace treaty, which was extremely beneficial for Russia. In the spring of 1828, Alexander Sergeevich was sent to St. Petersburg with the text of the agreement. He also brought with him the manuscript of the tragedy in verse “Georgian Night”. Two scenes from it have survived, but whether the author finished the tragedy is unknown.

In June of the same year, Griboyedov was appointed envoy plenipotentiary to Persia. On the way, in Tiflis, he passionately fell in love with Princess Nina Chavchavadze - the daughter of his old friend, the Georgian poet Alexander Chavchavadze - and married her. The marital happiness was immeasurable, but it soon ended. A month after the wedding, the young couple left for Persia. Nina stopped in border Tabriz, and Griboyedov moved further - to the capital of Persia, Tehran. Just a month later, tragedy unfolded there.
In Persia, according to one contemporary (who actually did not like the writer), Griboedov “replaced... with his single face a twenty-thousand-strong army.” But his mission was extremely thankless. He had to strive, among other things, for Persia to release natives of Russia who wanted to return to their homeland. Among them was the Shah's eunuch Mirza Yakub, an Armenian by birth. As the Russian representative, Griboyedov could not help but accept it, but in the eyes of the Iranians it looked like the greatest insult inflicted on their country. They were especially outraged that Mirza Yakub, a Christian by birth who converted to Islam, was planning to renounce Islam. The spiritual leaders of Tehran Muslims ordered the people to go to the Russian mission and kill the apostate. Everything turned out even worse.

Griboyedov was buried in his beloved Tiflis, in the monastery of St. David on Mount Mtamtsyinda. At his grave, the widow erected a monument to him with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”
And here are the lines from Pushkin’s memoirs: “Two oxen harnessed to a cart were climbing a steep road. Several Georgians accompanied the cart. "Where are you from?" - I asked them. “From Tehran.” - “What are you bringing?” - “Mushroom eater.” It was the body of the murdered Griboyedov, which was transported to Tiflis...
“ What a pity that Griboyedov did not leave his notes! It would be up to his friends to write his biography; but wonderful people disappear among us, leaving no trace of themselves. We are lazy and incurious,” says N.M. Druzhinin.