And the brown wolf serves her faithfully. Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich - (Poems)

Maximilian Aleksandrovich Voloshin (1877-1932) – poet and translator, subtle artist, brilliant thinker, critic, philosopher.

Even in the most difficult 20s, Voloshin’s house was filled with residents; up to six hundred people stayed with hospitable hosts over the summer. Free shelter for scientists, writers, artists, performers, aviators. A vacation filled with impressions of Cimmerian nature, serious scientific and cultural discussions, humorous practical jokes and communication with Voloshin inspired the creativity of the guests.

In Koktebel. House of Maximilian Voloshin. Bogaevsky-1905. National Art Gallery named after I.K. Aivazovsky, Feodosia

Maximilian Voloshin: “I call Cimmeria eastern region Crimea from ancient Surozh (Pike perch) to the Cimmerian Bosphorus (Kerch Strait), in contrast to Taurida, its western part (the southern coast and Tauric Chersonese."

In Koktebel, on the very shore of a picturesque bay, between the oldest volcano on the planet Karadag and the Cimmerian hills, there is an extraordinary House that preserves many realities and legends of the 20th century. The house, open “towards all roads”, created by Maximilian Voloshin for communication and creativity, “is one of the most cultural centers not only in Russia, but also in Europe.” On the picture:
M. A. Voloshin and M. S. Voloshina at their house.

The village of Koktebel is located 25 km from Feodosia. "Koktebel" means a large bed and breakfast. This place is unique even for Crimea. The sea, mountains, steppes create an amazing climate, especially noticeable in the region. Maximilian Voloshin and Cimmeria are one of the most organic interactions between man and surrounding nature. “Koktebel is Voloshin, in the sense that the late poet saw, as it were, the very idea of the area and gave it in a variety of modifications...” wrote Andrei Bely.

The inseparability of the aesthetics of the landscape, the historical richness of the south-eastern Crimea and the geologically determined, but incomprehensible energy of the Kara-Dag is heard in many of the works of Maximilian Voloshin. Central location in this “Cimmerian space” the House of M.A. Voloshin quite naturally occupies, since its very inception it has carried the stamp of significance, symbol, even museum-ness.

The Poet's House as a historical and cultural object includes not only a building with immediate museum territory, creative heritage And objective world the owner, but also the circumstances of his life, his circle of friends and interests, the surrounding buildings and landscape, i.e. everything that actualizes the personality of Maximilian Voloshin. It is this integral object that is cultural heritage and by its very existence demanded the creation of a form of reserve, which, following Homer, was called Cimmeria by M. Voloshin.

“At the end of the last century, the Koktebel Valley was a deserted, almost uninhabited place... Elena Ottobaldovna was one of the first to buy a plot of land near the sea, who came here from Moscow in the summer of 1893... Soon dachas were built in Koktebel... But the real center The established cultural colony of southeastern Crimea was the House of the Poet in Koktebel.”

September 2013 marks 100 years since the completion of the House of the Poet, a unique cultural symbol. A center of freethinking and creativity, it attracted many generations of creative intelligentsia to Koktebel. Innovation and originality have always been welcomed here. Since the beginning of the last century, the latest literary and musical works, disputes about the ways did not subside contemporary art and culture as a whole, ideas emerged that determined scientific and historical turns.

The house of Maximilian Voloshin occupies one of the first places among Koktebel excursions. The Literary and Memorial Museum of M. Voloshin is located on the Embankment of the village of Koktebel. Opposite the House - Museum there is a monument to the poet and artist Maximilian Voloshin.

At the end of the last century, Koktebel was little known not only for tourists, but also for residents of the Crimean peninsula. Everything changed when Voloshin moved to the village in 1911.

"Come in, my guest,
shake off the dust of life
And the mold of thoughts is at my doorstep” - these lines by M. Voloshin always come to mind when you come to Koktebel. While constructing his home on the southeastern coast of Crimea (according to his own plans and drawings), the writer dreamed that its doors would be open to welcome every guest

And on the rock that closed the swell of the bay, Fate and the winds sculpted my profile... This phenomenon - the distinct profile of Maximilian Voloshin on the cliff of the Karadag massif visible from almost everywhere towards the sea - seems like a miracle. But, if you know how much soul and creativity the poet invested in Koktebel, this miracle seems natural. And he mastered not only the eastern coast - Cimmeria, in his words, but also the entire peninsula.

They say there are no coincidences. The incredible similarity between Voloshin's profile and the contours of the Karadag cliff... The fact that the greatest figure of his time, Maximilian Voloshin, praising the beauty of the Crimea, settled here is undoubtedly a sign of Fate.

Since 1984, the memorial building has housed the M.A. House-Museum. Voloshin (1877–1932), wonderful poet, artist, translator, original critic, brilliant thinker and visionary - a unique museum, widely known internationally cultural environment. Historical building and the authentic collection allow us to put it in a short row European museums, who were lucky enough to withstand the storms of the twentieth century unbreakably.

View of M. Voloshin’s house in Koktebel. Kostyanitsyn V.N. 1935 Oil on canvas. 58.5x78.5.

“The summer of 1911 became the first “stupid” (Voloshin’s definition) summer in Koktebel... An indispensable condition in the rules of “stupid” was a focus on freedom and natural behavior. In particular, clothes should be worn extremely simple and comfortable, in contrast to “bourgeois type” suits.”

Among those with whom Maximilian Voloshin closely communicated were artists of brush and word, cultural and scientific figures: poets R. Gil, N. Gumilyov, K. Balmont, Andrei Bely, V. Bryusov, M. Tsvetaeva, I. Erenburg, A. Block; writers R. Rolland, A. Tolstoy, I. Bunin; playwright M. Maeterlinck, philosophers V. Solovyov, N. Berdyaev, founder of anthroposophy R. Steiner, theosophist A. Mintslova; artists O. Redon, F. Leger, A. Modigliani, P. Picasso, D. Rivera, V. Surikov, A. Benois, M. Kustodiev; dancer Isadora Duncan, composers V. Rebikov, G. Neuhaus, theatrical figure S. Diaghilev, aircraft designers S. Korolev and O. Antonov, and many others.

“The workshop was not only a place where the poet and artist worked, but also a place of meetings, communication and relaxation for the numerous inhabitants of the house... In the workshop, poetry and prose, reports and essays were read, and literary games were held.”

There were always a lot of guests here. Both during the life of Maximilian Alexandrovich and after his death. Perhaps because the house amazingly absorbed the features of his owner, a man of extraordinary talent and enormous spiritual generosity.
Today it is still as crowded. Atmosphere of high spirituality - attractive force unique museum.

“It is impossible to tell about all the guests of the House of the Poet, about those in whose life and work Voloshin left a noticeable mark. The exhibition contains many photographs and other documents that testify to the diversity of these meetings.”

The house-museum continues the glorious Voloshin traditions in Koktebel. Widely known in many countries scientific conferences“Voloshin Readings”, annual events of the International Creative Symposium “Voloshin September” - Voloshin Literary Competition, Literary festival them. M.A. Voloshin, Artistic plein air "Koktebel", presentation of the International Voloshin Prize, scientific and cultural conference "Cimmerian topos: myths and reality" and youth seminars.

Winter office

Dining room

The Voloshin house-museum was officially opened on August 1, 1984. However, back in 1933, the famous writer and cultural critic Andrei Bely wrote: “Not a house, but a museum; and the museum is the only... whole only life… plaster cast from his living, beautiful human face, eternal living memory about him; it will not be replaced by monuments.”

Upon entering the museum, you immediately find yourself in a special intellectual world. The first hall houses a literary and historical exhibition. Getting to know her, as it were, prepares you for a further tour of the house. Documents, photographs, letters tell in detail about life and creative destiny Maximilian Voloshin - an outstanding Russian poet and translator, a brilliant critic and subtle artist.

Of no less interest to visitors is the workshop located on the second floor of the building. After the renovation, the furnishings of this room did not change at all. All things took their places, as they did during the owner’s life. A desk, an easel, shelves with books... Racks for working tools, paints and brushes... There are dry mountain plants in clay vases.

The center of the workshop is the “Taiah cabin”. On the wall - sculptural portrait Egyptian queen, women of amazing beauty. Nearby are several paintings - watercolor works masters who capture the features of the art of East and West. And everywhere sea shells, beads made of gems, figurines made of wood and stone.

Voloshin's house. Koktebel, P. Krylov, 1986 (Canvas on cardboard, oil 35x50).

The tragic and majestic ridge of the ancient Karadag volcano, which millions of years ago created a gigantic rock scenery - a portrait-monument to Genio loki (genius of the place) Maximilian Voloshin - from the southwest, the reviving Cape Chameleon and the frozen waves of the Cimmerian hills, raising the grave of the Poet to the sky - from the north -east framed extraordinary beauty a bay, on the very shore of which a three-story house looks like a light boat.

House with at different levels windows, surrounded by light blue terraces-decks, with a tower-bridge turned out amazingly
harmonious, forming a single whole with the Koktebel intersecting landscape.

It should be noted that the preservation of the authentic interiors of the Voloshin rooms, where almost every object occupies the place assigned to it by its owner a century earlier, is completely unique for European museums that have survived more than one war.

The pride of the museum's exhibition is the unique memorial authentic interiors of living rooms. Created by Voloshin with his own hands, these interiors reflect his worldview and create a special, unique atmosphere of the House of the Poet. All things have been in their place for about a hundred years and preserve the memory of all the guests who visited the House both during the life of the owner and after his departure.

The exhibition of the Voloshin House-Museum occupies three halls, in which about three hundred exhibits of various nature are presented, reflecting the biography and work of Maximilian Voloshin. These are mainly photographic materials, personal belongings, autographs, visual works, books by Voloshin and his closest family and friends.

The museum's stock collection is unique in its authenticity; for a century, museum objects have not left the building. The Voloshin House Museum contains 150 paintings and more than 1,500 graphic works by Voloshin, as well as about 350 works by other authors. The basis of the book fund is the Voloshin memorial library. Many publications can be classified as rare books, a considerable number of books with autographs and dedicatory inscriptions.

The Voloshin House Museum remains a cultural center today - international scientific conferences on issues of cultural studies, philosophy, literature, international creative events are systematically held, exhibitions are created, exhibitions are exchanged with other museums, and publishing programs are conducted. International Voloshin Readings are held every two years, and collections of materials are published based on the results of the conferences.

The artist and poet was always hospitable and many writers of that time appreciated creativity and personal qualities Voloshin, and also his love for simplicity in everything (he even preferred simple attire over aristocratic costumes in clothing). Therefore, it is not surprising that Maximilian’s house was for him not only the birthplace of many masterpieces, but also a meeting place, literary evenings, communication and recreation of the intelligentsia. In the Voloshin Museum in Koktebel you can still see exhibitions depicting the ongoing meetings of that time (photos, various documents).

It is Voloshin who is considered the founder of the intelligentsia in Koktebel and it is not without reason that it is named after him main square village Voloshin Museum in Koktebel - a place to get acquainted with cultural era and the intelligentsia during the development of the village of Koktebel.

Guests of Voloshin

Numerous guests of a welcoming home.

M.A. Voloshin with guests. Among the guests is S.Ya. Efron (standing third from left)

Photo of Marina Tsvetaeva's tea party with Maximilian Voloshin.

Koktebel and Voloshin.

M. Voloshin with one of the house guests - poet Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky

“My shelter is wretched.
And times are harsh.
But the shelves of books rise like a wall.
Here at night they talk to me
historians, poets, theologians."

A number of problems during the restoration work The museum was connected with Voloshin's library, numbering more than nine thousand books. How was this wealth taken out, where to store it? And yet, the answer to these questions was found. Now the poet’s “pearls”, collected throughout his life, have been returned to the house: publications on history, philosophy, art, botany, physics, archeology, astronomy, medicine... Over three thousand books on French, as well as in German, English, Italian. It’s amazing to look at this collection, which testifies to the breadth of interests of its owner.

Currently, the reserve "Cimmeria M.A. Vlolshina" unites a complex of movable and immovable historical and cultural monuments: five museums with adjacent territories and a total museum fund of more than 70 thousand items, the grave of M.A. Voloshin on Mount Kuchuk-Yenishary, graves and tombstones in Koktebel and Starokrymsk cemeteries, a memorial sign on the site of the ruined crypt of the Junge family - the founders holiday village Koktebel.

Voloshin died in 1932 and was buried on Mount Kuchuk-Yenishar in accordance with his last will.

Photo: Maximilian Voloshin. Viktor Igumnov

"Oh Cimmeria! Wonderful country, You were created by the inspiration of God!..."

Excursion to Mount Kuchuk-Yenishar and the grave of Maximilian Voloshin in Koktebel. What is this place famous for and how it fulfills wishes.

The grave of M. A. Voloshin is one of the main attractions of Koktebel and the entire Crimean Peninsula. Outstanding Russian poet, thinker, landscape artist, literary and art critic buried on the top of Mount Kuchuk-Yenishar (Small Janissary). This is the most high point in the vicinity of Koktebel. The mountain rises almost 193 m above sea level. It offers stunning views of the picturesque Koktebel Bay, the majestic Cape Chameleon and the famous Kara-Dag nature reserve.

Kuchuk-Yenishar - Mount Voloshin

During his lifetime, Maximilian Aleksandrovich often climbed Kuchuk-Yenishar to enjoy the unique landscapes of his Cimmeria, which never ceased to amaze the poet. Vital and creative path Voloshin was inextricably linked with the Crimean land. He himself bequeathed to bury himself on this mountain. According to legend, talented artist and the writer, during his lifetime, laid out a cross of multi-colored stones on the site of his own grave.

Voloshin’s grave is deservedly one of the most significant memorial and historical sites.

The doors of Maximilian's house were always open to friends. Voloshin constantly met new people and invited them to visit. IN different time he managed to visit such famous personalities, like P. Konchalovsky, K. Bonevsky, M. Gorky, K. Petrov-Vodkin, A. Green, O. Mandelstam, M. Bulgakov, A. Tolstoy and others. Close friendship connected Voloshin with the Tsvetaev family - the poetess Marina and her sister Anastasia. The Tsvetaevs came to Russia for a long time. Voloshin often visited them and invited them to his place.

Koktebel has one of the most talented representatives Silver Age moved to live at the beginning of the last century. It was on the Crimean peninsula that his ability to draw and write poetry was fully revealed. Maximilian created hundreds here beautiful landscapes from life, depicting the most picturesque places of Koktebel, and wrote many wonderful poems, devoting many lines to Cimmeria, which conquered his heart.

Maximilian Alexandrovich delighted his contemporaries with his inexhaustible creative energy and versatility of interests. Voloshin's genius is recognized throughout the world. He made his name not only in the history of literature, but also left a noticeable mark in philosophy and painting. It was Voloshin who largely contributed to the transformation of Koktebel into one of cultural centers Crimea. In the poet’s house, where the flower of the Russian intelligentsia once gathered, today a museum is opened.

Therefore, the Small Janissary Mountain in the vicinity of Koktebel has a second, unofficial name - “Voloshin Mountain”.

Excursion to Voloshin’s grave 2019

The climb to the top, where Voloshin’s grave is located, is of moderate difficulty. without him special effort any person can overcome serious problems with health. The mountain is traditionally climbed by most tourists visiting this region of Crimea. Only by personally visiting the summit can you not only understand with your mind, but also feel with your soul why great poet bequeathed to bury him here. Kuchuk-Yenishar is among the best today observation platforms in the Feodosia region.

Panorama of the surrounding area of Koktebel

Landscapes near the grave of M. Voloshin

Voloshin asked that after his departure to another world, no trees and bushes should be planted near the grave - so his beloved landscapes remained open to him even after death.

In 1932, on August 11, Maximilian Alexandrovich's will was executed. For a long time, there was no tombstone at Voloshin’s burial site - this landmark of the Crimean Peninsula was designated by a small earthen hill overgrown with grass. The installation of the stone slab took place almost half a century after the poet’s death - in 1976. Fans of Voloshin’s work observe a special tradition: on the anniversary of his death, they climb a mountain peak to pay tribute to the memory of their idol.

Many admirers of the work of the outstanding poet say that on this day they manage to see Cimmeria in a completely different way - as if through the eyes of Maximilian himself.

M. Voloshin's last wish

Voloshin managed to leave one more request for posterity. He asked to bring stones to the grave - gems, pebbles and others, which he had collected all his life. Therefore, next to the tombstone there are whole scatterings of various stones brought local residents and tourists. Many people inscribe their dreams on stones. They hope that the spirit of Maximilian, who knew how to make the wildest dreams come true and saw the manifestation of the divine principle in earthly world, will help them realize their deepest desires and find harmony with the world.

Try your luck too - don't forget the pebble!

Let's sum it up

If you already have plans, visit the grave of Maximilian Voloshin. Don't be confused by the surroundings - nothing in this place reminds you of a cemetery theme. To an amazing person even after death, he managed to create around himself an atmosphere of lightness and absolute harmony with the surrounding world.

And who knows - maybe your wish, inscribed on a pebble, will come true. Thanks to the lifetime charm and hospitality of Maximilian Alexandrovich.