Which proverb is not. Proverbs and sayings

Proverbs and sayings are a treasure trove of the Russian language. Surely, many in childhood heard from their grandparents phrases such as: “You can’t catch a fish out of a pond without difficulty,” “If you drive more quietly, you will keep moving,” etc. Sometimes we did not understand the meaning of these words and expressions. Gradually we learned the meaning of each proverb, aphorism and saying, but now we will ask one of the most complex issues, to which only a few will answer: what is the difference between a proverb and a saying? Let's try to find out and remember this difference forever.

About proverbs

If you hear the word proverb, then know that this is a short sentence containing folk wisdom. A proverb is often written in simple vernacular and has rhyme and rhythm. Proverbs came to us from ancient times and were previously called parables. Initially, proverbs were part of some stories, then, having vivid language and memorability, they began to stand out from works and have an independent character. Proverbs reflect the life, culture, way of life of the Russian people, as well as beliefs, religion and customs. Proverbs can be called an encyclopedia of the Russian people. The proverb, as a phenomenon of language, has its own characteristics, expressed in the mentality and way of life of the Russian people.

Signs of a proverb

1. Since the proverb fulfills educational function, then it must contain moral teaching or morality;

2."Brevity is the soul of wit"- this phrase belongs to A.P. Chekhov. This property can also be attributed to a proverb. It is as short and understandable as possible;

3. Proverbs are written in simple and in clear language without application scientific terms.

4. The unique property of a proverb can be considered that it is the truth in pure form: there is no desire to challenge it. An illusion arises that the proverb does not and cannot have an author. Many proverbs are written in rhyme:

For example, “If you don’t know the ford, don’t poke your nose into the water.”

Sometimes people confuse proverbs and aphoristic sayings.

The difference between proverbs and aphorisms

1. Often an aphorism is written complex language and here is a proverb in simple and popular language.

2. An aphorism is often more difficult to understand than a proverb.

For example, aphorisms from A.S. Griboyedov’s work “Woe from Wit” are known: “The houses are new, but the prejudices are old,” “Who are the judges?”, “ Gossips scarier than a pistol."

4. It’s easier to imagine a proverb ordinary person, but the aphorism can most often be heard in the speech of an intellectual.

Examples of proverbs on various topics

Examples of proverbs that reflect historical events:

“Here’s to you, grandma, Yuryev’s Day” (meaning the prohibition under Boris for peasants to move to other landowners even on Yuryev’s Day).

“At one veche, but not only speeches” (the proverb developed during the veche rule).

Proverbs reflecting pagan beliefs and rituals:

Wedding ceremony without a church: “They were getting married around spruce trees, and only devils were singing.”

About the overthrow of idols: “I took God by the leg and on the floor.”

Proverbs concerning economic activities:

in particular agricultural labor, fishing and beekeeping

“It is not the field that feeds, but the cornfield”

“Fish is water, berries are grass, and bread is the head of everything.”

Proverbs that reflected family life and family life:

“As God is before men, so is a father before his children,”

“The master of the house is like the khan in Crimea.”

Proverbs characterizing the traits of people:

about a hot, irritable person: “Hises like hot iron,”

about the stubborn: “You can’t beat him with a mortar and pestle.”

about the cunning one: “He walks in boots, but the trail is barefoot.”

Sayings

Proverb is an established phrase or phrase, figurative expression or metaphor. Usually the proverb is not used independently. They are used for brightness and to give artistic color to speech. Often they can be replaced with one synonymous word.

Examples of sayings:

“to put a pig” - to do a mischief,

“disservice” - help to harm,

“when the cancer whistles on the mountain” - never,

“to stay on the nose” - to be deceived.

Proverbs and sayings are often confused. Sometimes you see a book and it says “Proverbs and Sayings,” often this book contains only proverbs.

How to distinguish?

To distinguish a proverb from a saying, you need:

Firstly , determine whether it carries any moral or teaching.

Secondly , you need to pay attention to the structure of the statement: the first part of the proverb should contain the starting position, the second contains teaching, edifying meaning or morality, application in life situation.

Interesting

Proverbs and sayings are used to teach preschoolers to observe nature, when studying folk calendar. “In April the earth melts,” “Everyone is young in the winter cold.” Based on small folklore forms entire diagnostic definitions have been developed life values in humans.

Proverbs and sayings are a decoration of a person’s thoughts and speech.

How does a proverb differ from a saying?

A proverb is the property of an entire people or a significant part of it and contains a general judgment or instruction for some occasion in life.

A proverb is the most curious genre of folklore, studied by many scientists, but in many ways remaining incomprehensible and mysterious. A proverb is a folk saying that does not express an opinion individuals, but the people's assessment, the people's mind. It reflects the spiritual image of the people, aspirations and ideals, judgments about various aspects of life. Everything that is not accepted by the majority of people, their thoughts and feelings, does not take root and is eliminated. A proverb lives in speech, only in it does a capacious proverb acquire its specific meaning.

Created over the centuries, passing from generation to generation, proverbs and sayings supported the way of life folk life, strengthened the spiritual and moral character people. These are like the commandments of the people, regulating the life of everyone common man. This is an expression of thoughts that people have come to through centuries of experience. A proverb is always instructive, but not always edifying. However, each has a conclusion that is useful to take into account.

Life changed, new sayings appeared, old ones were forgotten, but undeniably valuable things remained, having significance for subsequent eras. The wide distribution and longevity of proverbs was facilitated by the fact that some of them, losing their direct meaning, acquired a figurative meaning. For example, the proverb “Two are afraid of a broken bow” lived on for a long time, having changed its literal meaning to a figurative one, although the people had long ago changed their weapons. But there were also proverbs that originally appeared in figuratively, for example, the proverb to shoot at a stone - to lose arrows has never been understood in literally, attributed to different subjects and phenomena. Whatever is said in proverbs is always a generalization. The figurative reflection of reality in the proverb is also associated with an aesthetic assessment of various life phenomena. That is why there are proverbs that are funny and sad, amusing and bitter. This is how I said about this trait folk proverbs IN AND. Dahl: a proverb is “a body of folk wisdom and superstition, it is groans and sighs, crying and sobbing, joy and joy, grief and consolation in faces; this is the color of the people's mind, the original state; This is everyday folk truth, a kind of law of justice, not judged by anyone.”

The form of proverbs is also peculiar. It is characterized by a rhythmic organization, a special sound design. The proverb is short, it does not contain unnecessary words, every word is weighty, meaningful and precise.

So, a proverb is a short word that has entered into speech and has instructive meaning, a rhythmically organized saying in which people over the centuries have summarized their socio-historical experience.

A proverb is a widespread figurative expression that aptly defines any life phenomenon. Unlike proverbs, sayings are devoid of a direct generalized instructive meaning and are limited to figurative, often allegorical expression: it’s easy to hit the bullshit - all these are typical sayings, devoid of the character of a complete judgment.

In speech, a proverb often becomes a saying and vice versa. For example, the proverb “It’s easy to rake in heat with someone else’s hands” is often used as a saying “It’s easy to rake in heat with someone else’s hands,” that is, a figurative image of a lover of someone else’s labor.

Sayings due to their peculiarity figurative expressions More often than proverbs, they are closer to linguistic phenomena. Sayings have more national, national significance and meaning than proverbs. Sayings often have all the properties of linguistic phenomena. This is the expression to put a pig in, that is, to cause trouble for someone. The origin of this saying is associated with the military system of the ancient Slavs. The squad became a “wedge”, like a boar’s head, or a “pig,” as Russian chronicles called this system. Over time, the meaning put into this expression in ancient times was lost.

Proverbs and sayings are a reflection of the wisdom of many generations, which have not lost their relevance over the centuries. For many years, these sayings were a set of moral laws and norms of behavior, and had a direct impact on the formation of the spirituality of the nation.
WITH early childhood we know that “there is time for business, and an hour for fun” and we should “measure seven times in order to cut off.” We easily operate with these short, but so meaningful phrases, without thinking about where they came from in our lives, whether they have an author, or whether our interlocutor will understand the meaning of what was said.

The concepts of “proverbs” and “sayings” are so often uttered together that there is no longer the slightest doubt that we're talking about about the same verbal turn. In fact, these words are not synonyms, and when calling them together, most often they mean only proverbs. So, how is a proverb different from a saying? We'll find out now.

Proverb can be called a folk saying that has a very clear instruction, moral teaching, containing some wisdom, instructiveness. Usually it is impossible to determine the authors of proverbs, but in some cases, phrases from the works of various authors become proverbs, having passed the test of time. Most often, lines from fables gain popular popularity.

Proverb– this is a verbal turn, a metaphor, a stable expression. Vivid examples The well-known “disservice”, “dog in the manger”, “wedding general” can serve as sayings. Any of these expressions can easily be replaced with other words. The meaning will remain the same, only the coloring of the sentence will change.

And although the concepts of “proverb” and “saying” have very clear definitions that make it possible to distinguish them, this is not always possible to do with apparent ease.

Writing language

A saying is a phrase for which rhyme is not characteristic. A proverb most often has not only rhyme, but also rhythm.

Proverbs are simple, they do not contain difficult words and unclear terms. They were created common people and for the people. These phrases are laconic, specific, categorical. This is the truth, and there is no point in arguing with this truth.

Sayings have a certain subtext, irony. Often the main idea is expressed through images, omissions, and exaggerations.

Character of expression

A proverb is a complete independent phrase. The truth of this expression does not raise the slightest doubt, because not every popular judgment has stood the test of time. The proverb teaches, instructs, suggests, helps to make the right choice.

And if proverbs are the wisdom of the people, then sayings are their character, their language, their emotions.

A saying is part of an expression, adding mood, brightness, and imagery to it. As a rule, sayings are used in some context.

Size

A proverb involves presenting a thought as briefly as possible. It’s not for nothing that they say that “brevity is the sister of talent.” And although there are proverbs of two or three words, more often they are still detailed sentences. But for sayings, this length is the norm, since they are phrases.

Quite often sayings become the basis for the emergence of proverbs.

Conclusions website

1. The proverb has an instructive meaning, and the saying conveys emotional attitude to what was said.
2. A proverb is a logical, complete saying; a saying appears as a phrase as part of a sentence.
3. Sayings are usually shorter than proverbs and may be the basis for the emergence of the latter.
4. Proverbs are usually rhythmic and rhyme.

THE PROVERB DOES NOT SAY FORMALLY

BUSINESS BEFORE PLEASURE.
A handwritten note from Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich (1629 - 1676) to a collection of rules for falconry, a favorite pastime of that time. It is usually said as a reminder to a person who, while having fun, forgets about the matter.

TWO DEATHS CAN'T HAPPEN, BUT ONE CAN'T BE SAVED.
The inevitable will still happen, whether you take risks or not. It speaks of the determination to do something associated with risk, danger, and at the same time with the hope that the danger can still be avoided.

THE FIRST DAMN IT IS LOMIC.
It often happens that the housewife doesn’t succeed in the first pancake (it doesn’t come out of the frying pan well, it burns), but the housewife uses it to determine whether the dough is well kneaded, whether the pan is warmed up, or whether it needs to add oil. It is said to justify the unsuccessful start of a new, difficult business.
IF YOU CHASE TWO HARRIES, YOU WILL NOT Catch EITHER.
It is said when someone takes on several (usually beneficial for himself) tasks at once and therefore cannot do any of them well or complete them.

GRANDMOTHER SAID TWO.
In two (simple) - vaguely, with the ability to understand one way or another. It is unknown whether what is expected will come true; It is still unknown how it will be: one way or another. They say when they doubt the implementation of what they propose.

FOR ONE BEATEN, THEY GIVE TWO UNBEATEN.
They say when they understand that punishment for mistakes made is good for a person, because this is how he gains experience.

AN OLD FRIEND IS BETTER THAN TWO NEW ONES.
It is said when they want to emphasize the loyalty, devotion and irreplaceability of an old friend.

ONE HEAD IT'S GOOD, BUT TWO BETTER.
It is said when, when solving a problem, they turn to someone for advice, when they solve a matter together

GET LOST IN TWO PINES.
Not being able to understand something simple, uncomplicated, not being able to find a way out of the simplest difficulty.

FROM THE POT IS THREE VERSHKS.
Very short, short, small.

I PROMISED THREE BOXES.
A lot (to say, promise, lie, etc.).

THE PROMISED WILL BE WAITING FOR THREE YEARS.
They say it jokingly when they do not believe that someone will soon fulfill their promises or when the fulfillment of what is promised is delayed indefinitely.

CRY IN THREE STREAMS.
That is, it is very bitter to cry.

THE FIFTH WHEEL IN THE CART.
A superfluous, unnecessary person in any matter.

SEVEN DO NOT WAIT FOR ONE.
This is what they say when they start something without someone who is late, or with a reproach to someone who makes many (not necessarily seven) wait.

SEVEN TROUBLES - ONE ANSWER.
Let’s take the risk again, and if we have to answer, then for everything at once, at the same time. It speaks of the determination to do something else risky, dangerous in addition to what has already been done.

SEVEN TIMES MEASURE CUT ONCE.
Before you do anything serious, think it over carefully, foresee everything. It is said as advice to think through all possible options before starting any business.

TOO MANY COOKS SPOIL THE BROTH.
Without an eye (obsolete) - without supervision, without supervision. Things are done poorly and unsatisfactorily when several people are responsible for it at once. It is said that when several people (or even organizations) responsible for a matter rely on each other and each individual treats their responsibilities in bad faith.

ALL TRIN IS GRASS.
The mysterious "tryn-grass" is not at all some kind of herbal medicine that people drink so as not to worry. At first it was called "tyn-grass", and tyn is a fence. The result was “fence grass,” that is, a weed that no one needed, everyone was indifferent to.

ADD ON THE FIRST NUMBER.
Believe it or not, in the old school students were flogged every week, no matter who was right or wrong. And if the “mentor” overdoes it, then such a spanking would last for a long time, until the first day of the next month.

GOAL LIKE A FALCON.
Terribly poor, beggar. They usually think that we are talking about a falcon bird. But she has nothing to do with it. In fact, the "falcon" is an ancient military battering gun. It was a completely smooth (“bare”) cast iron block attached to chains. Nothing extra!

ORPHAN OF KAZAN.
This is what they say about a person who pretends to be unhappy, offended, helpless in order to pity someone. But why is the orphan “Kazan”? It turns out that this phraseological unit arose after the conquest of Kazan by Ivan the Terrible. The Mirzas (Tatar princes), finding themselves subjects of the Russian Tsar, tried to beg all sorts of concessions from him, complaining about their orphanhood and bitter fate.

INSIDE OUT.
Now this seems to be a completely harmless expression. And once it was associated with shameful punishment. During the time of Ivan the Terrible, a guilty boyar was placed backwards on a horse with his clothes turned inside out and, in this disgraced form, was driven around the city to the whistling and jeers of the street crowd.

LEAD BY THE NOSE.
Deceive by promising and not fulfilling what was promised. This expression was associated with fairground entertainment. Gypsies led bears by a ring threaded through their noses. And they forced them, poor fellows, to do different tricks, deceiving with the promise of a handout.

SCAPEGOAT.
This is the name given to a person who is blamed for someone else. The history of this expression is as follows: the ancient Jews had a rite of absolution. The priest laid both hands on the head of the living goat, thereby, as it were, transferring the sins of the entire people onto it. After this, the goat was driven out into the desert. Many, many years have passed, and the ritual no longer exists, but the expression still lives on.

SHARPEN THE LASKS.
Lyasy (balusters) are turned figured posts of railings at the porch. Only a real master. Probably, at first, “sharpening balusters” meant conducting an elegant, fancy, ornate (like balusters) conversation. But in our time, the number of people skilled in conducting such a conversation became fewer and fewer. So this expression came to mean empty chatter.

GRATED KALAC.
In the old days there really was such a type of bread - “grated kalach”. The dough for it was crumpled, kneaded, “grated” for a very long time, which is why the kalach turned out to be unusually fluffy. And there was also a proverb - “do not grate, do not crush, there will be no kalach.” That is, trials and tribulations teach a person. The expression comes from this proverb.

NICK DOWN.
If you think about it, the meaning of this expression seems cruel - you must agree, it’s not very pleasant to imagine an ax next to your own nose. In reality, everything is not so sad. In this expression, the word “nose” has nothing to do with the organ of smell. A “nose” was the name given to a memorial plaque or record tag. In the distant past, illiterate people always carried such tablets and sticks with them, with the help of which all kinds of notes or notations were made as memories.

AFTER THE RAIN ON THURSDAY.
Rusichi - ancient ancestors Russians - among their gods they honored the main god - the god of thunder and lightning Perun. One of the days of the week was dedicated to him - Thursday (it is interesting that among the ancient Romans Thursday was also dedicated to the Latin Perun - Jupiter). Prayers were offered to Perun for rain during the drought. It was believed that he should be especially willing to fulfill requests on “his day” - Thursday. And since these prayers often remained in vain, the saying “After the rain on Thursday” began to be applied to everything that is unknown when it will come true.

BREAK A LEG.
This expression arose among hunters and was based on the superstitious idea that with a direct wish (both down and feather), the results of a hunt can be jinxed. In the language of hunters, feather means bird, and down means animals. In ancient times, a hunter going on a hunt received this parting word, the “translation” of which looks something like this: “Let your arrows fly past the target, let the snares and traps you set remain empty, just like the trapping pit!” To which the earner, in order not to jinx it either, replied: “To hell!” And both were sure that evil spirits, invisibly present during this dialogue, will be satisfied and fall behind, and will not plot intrigues during the hunt.

KICK THE BUCKLES.
What are “baklushi”, who “beats” them and when? For a long time, artisans have been making spoons, cups and other utensils from wood. To carve a spoon, it was necessary to chop off a block of wood from a log. Apprentices were entrusted with preparing the bucks: it was an easy, trivial task that did not require any special skill. Preparing such chocks was called “beating the lumps.” From here, from the mockery of the masters at the auxiliary workers - “baklushechnik”, our saying came from.

RUB THE GLASSES.
How can glasses be rubbed in? Where and why? Such a picture would look very ridiculous. And the absurdity occurs because we are not talking about glasses at all, which are used to correct vision. There is another meaning of the word "glasses": red and black marks on playing cards. There is even a gambling card game called “point”. For as long as there have been cards, there have been dishonest players and cheaters. In order to deceive their partner, they resorted to all sorts of tricks. By the way, they knew how to quietly “rub in points” - turn a seven into a six or a four into a five, on the go, during the game, by gluing in a “point” or covering it with a special white powder. And the expression “to cheat” began to mean “to deceive”, hence other words were born: “deception”, “deception” - a trickster who knows how to embellish his work, pass off the bad as very good.

THEY CARRY WATER ON THE ANGRY (OFFENDED).
This proverb can be said to a person who is angry and angry unnecessarily. The roots of the saying come from the ancient colloquial speech. Then the word “angry” meant diligent, zealous, diligent. It was these diligent and diligent horses that were chosen for hard work - they carried water in barrels from the river. Thus, the most “angry” (that is, diligent) got the most thankless hard work.

THE WORD IS NOT A SPARROW - YOU WILL NOT CAPTURE IT FLIGHT.
The proverb teaches that before you say anything, you need to think carefully. After all, it’s easy to say a word, but you won’t have to regret what you said later...

FEAR HAS BIG EYES...
A person gripped by fear and frightened very often exaggerates the danger and sees it where it actually is not.

THE MOUNTAIN GAVE BIRTH TO A MOUSE.
The original source of this proverb is considered to be ancient greek legend about pregnant Mount Olympus. God Zeus, fearing that the birth of this mountain would cause major upheavals in the camp of the gods, he made the mountain... give birth to a mouse. The proverb “The mountain gave birth to a mouse” is used in a situation where significant and gigantic efforts ultimately bring insignificant results.

TAKE CARE OF YOUR HONOR FROM YOUTH.
From a young age, adv. - from a young age, from a young age. Advice to young people to value their honor from their youth, good name(just like saving clothes again, i.e. while they are new). Spoken as a parting word young man at the beginning of his life's journey.

WITHOUT DIFFICULTY YOU CAN’T TAKE (PUT) A FISH OUT OF THE POND.
Every business requires effort; Without effort, you can’t do anything. It is said when it takes a lot of work, hard work to achieve some result.

DO NOT COUNT YOUR CHICKENS BEFORE THEY ARE HATCHED.
In the fall (simple) - in the fall. Not all chickens born in the summer survive on farms until autumn. Some will be carried away by birds of prey, the weak simply will not survive, which is why they say that chickens should be counted in the fall, when it is clear how many of them have survived. You have to judge something by final results. It is said when someone prematurely expresses joy at possible success, although the final results are still far away and a lot can change.

SMALL SPOOL BUT PRECIOUS.
Zolotnik is an old Russian unit of weight equal to 4.26 grams. It fell out of use after 1917, when the country introduced metric system measure, which is based on the meter (a measure of length) and the kilogram (a measure of weight). Before this, the main measures of weight were pood (16 kg) and pound (400 g), which had 96 spools. The spool was the smallest measure of weight and was used mainly when weighing gold and silver. Yes, it does. conjunction - but, however. Road - kr. form m.r. from dear. Small in size, but valuable for its qualities. It is said about one who is small in stature, but has many virtues, positive qualities, as well as about something small in size, but very important in essence.

HERE IS YOUR DAY, GRANDMOTHER.
The saying reflects one of the episodes in the history of the Russian people associated with the enslavement of peasants. The emergence of serfdom, i.e. the legally established right of the landowner (feudal lord) to the person, forced labor and property of the peasant, dates back to the time Kievan Rus(IX-XII centuries). The peasants, although they were considered free (free), did not have the right to pass from one owner to another during the year: custom required that they leave only after all field work had been completed, at the beginning of winter, when all the grain had already been harvested. In the middle of the 15th century, peasants were allowed to move from one owner to another once a year - a week before St. George's Day and a week after it (St. George's Day, that is, the day of St. George, in Russian Yuri, the patron saint of farmers, was celebrated November 26, old style, chronology). At the end of the 16th century, the crossing of peasants was prohibited on St. George’s Day. Thus, the peasants were attached to the land and had to remain with their landowner for life. The peasants, who were waiting for St. George's Day as the only opportunity to change their owner and try to improve their lives, were deprived of their last hope of changing their situation. This is how a saying arose, expressing regret about unfulfilled hopes.
They say it when they want to express extreme surprise or disappointment at something that unexpectedly happened, something they just found out about and that took away hope and disappointed expectations.

WHERE OURS DIDN’T DISAPPEAR or WHERE OURS DIDN’T DISAPPEAR.
Let's take a risk and try to do it. It is said to be desperately determined to do something, taking risks.

THE EYES ARE FEARED (afraid), BUT THE HANDS DO.
Beginning great job, you are afraid that you won’t be able to cope, but when you start it, you calm down, you understand that you are able to overcome all difficulties.
It is said to encourage one before starting a big or unfamiliar job, or is said with joy when such work is done.

WHERE IT'S THIN, IT TEARS.
Trouble and disaster usually happen where something is unreliable and fragile. They say that when something bad happens, it’s a nuisance, although it was already bad before.

HUNGER IS NOT AN AUNT.
Initially: hunger is not an auntie, she won’t slip a pie. It is said when the feeling of hunger forces you to eat even what you don’t like, or to do something that you wouldn’t do under other circumstances.

LEOPARD CHANGE HIS SPOTS.
A person's ingrained flaws or oddities cannot be corrected. It is said when there is a belief that a person will not change.

GOOD FOR INVENTION IS CLEVER.
Goli, goli, f., collected. (obsolete) - beggars, poor people. Hitra - kr. form g. R. from cunning, here (obsolete): inventive, skillful in something. Lack, the absence of something, forces you to be inventive, to use what you have, what is at hand. It is said with approval or satisfaction when, due to a lack of something necessary, something original and, as a rule, cheap is invented.

BUCKWHEAT PORRIDGE PRAITS ITSELF.
Buckwheat - made from buckwheat grains. Buckwheat is a herbaceous plant, from the seeds of which cereals and flour are made. Buckwheat- one of the favorite foods of Russians. Buckwheat porridge is so good, so tasty, its merits are so obvious to everyone that it does not need praise. It is spoken with mocking condemnation about an immodest person when he praises himself and speaks about his merits.

PREPARE A SLED IN SUMMER AND A CART IN WINTER.
Sleigh, sled, plural only - a winter cart on two runners for driving in the snow. A cart is a summer cart on four wheels for transporting goods. The sleigh and cart are harnessed to a horse. Prepare for everything in advance. It is said as advice to prepare in advance everything that will be needed in the future.

THE THUNDER WILL NOT CLASH, THE MAN WILL NOT CROSS himself.
Rumble (1 and 2 l. not used), owl - suddenly rumble, thunder. Man (obsolete) - peasant.
Cross yourself, -cross yourself, -cross yourself, sov.- make a sign of the cross on yourself with your hand: attach three fingers folded together (thumb, index and middle) right hand successively to the forehead, to the chest, to one and the other shoulder. People who believed in God, professed the Christian religion, were baptized in many cases Everyday life. This was a mandatory ritual during prayer (at home and in church), before eating, when entering a hut (they were baptized while looking at the icons in the corner), etc. They baptized the mouth while yawning, baptized loved ones who were leaving or traveling far away and for a long time, they were baptized from fear at the sounds of thunder, etc. In the old days, believers were afraid of thunderstorms like unexplained phenomenon nature. When thunder rumbled, it was believed that thunder (not lightning) could bring misfortune (kill, cause a fire). Therefore, in order to ward off misfortune, to avoid misfortune from a thunderstorm, people were baptized precisely during the thunder; the thunder seemed to warn of a possible misfortune.
Until trouble or trouble occurs, a careless person does not remember about them and does not take measures to prevent them. It is said when they do last moment something that should have been done in advance.

HAVING GIVEN YOUR WORD, STAY AWAY.
Either be true to your word or don't promise. It is said as a reminder of a promise made or as a reproach for an unfulfilled promise, as well as a warning, advice to refrain from making promises if you are not sure that you can fulfill them.

THEY DO NOT LOOK AT A GIVEN HORSE'S TEETH.
Gifted (colloquial) - given, received as a gift. A horse's teeth are examined when they want to determine its age. An old horse's teeth are worn out, so when you buy a horse, be sure to check its teeth so as not to buy an old one. They don’t discuss the gift; they accept what they give. They say when they receive something as a gift that they don’t like and that they wouldn’t choose themselves.

THINGS ARE GOING ON, THE OFFICE IS WRITING.
Spoken jokingly about someone active work, which is not influenced by any external circumstances.

THINGS LIKE SOOT WHITE.
Soot - black particles from incomplete combustion of fuel that settle on internal surfaces stoves and chimneys. Soot is a symbol of the blackest color; there is no such thing as white soot, and the humorous comparison “white as soot” essentially characterizes a black object. The word “black” figuratively means “dark, heavy.” Bela - kr. form g. R. from white. Usually said in response to the question “How are you?”, when things are going badly or when they do not want to answer specifically and are limited to this vague answer (the answer implies an unsatisfactory state of affairs).

THE CHILD DOESN'T CRY, THE MOTHER DOESN'T UNDERSTAND.
Understand, nesov. (obsolete) - to understand something, to guess about something. If you don’t say what you need, no one will guess about it and therefore won’t be able to help. It is said when the lack of help to someone is explained by ignorance of his needs.

AT HOUSE WALLS HELP.
At home or in a familiar, familiar environment, a person feels more confident and calm. It is said with confidence or with the hope that in a familiar environment it will be easier to cope with any task.

ROAD SPOON FOR DINNER.
Road - kr. form g. R. from dear; here: “important, valuable to someone, one that is treasured.” Expensive, valuable is what appears at the right time. It is said when something is done or received on time, precisely at the moment when it is especially interested or needed, or it is said as a reproach to someone who did not do what was necessary on time.

FRIENDS ARE KNOWN (recognized) IN TROUBLE.
Only in Hard time you'll find out who you are a true friend. It is said in relation to someone who turned out to be very attentive and helped someone in a difficult situation or, conversely, showed callousness towards someone in trouble.

IT WILL HEAL BEFORE THE WEDDING.
It will pass soon, it will heal soon. It is said jokingly to console the victim.

FOR A SWEET FRIEND AND AN EARRING (EARRING) FROM EAR.
Ear - diminutive - affectionate. to the ear. For the beloved, dear person No regrets, you will give your best. It is said that when, out of a feeling of sympathy, a person is generous towards another, ready to do everything for him.

DEBT GOOD TURN DESERVES ANOTHER.
Payment, payment, m. - depositing money on account of something; pay. Krasen - kr. form m.r. from red, here: (folk poet.) “beautiful; joyful, pleasant.” The way you treat someone is how they will treat you. It is said when in response to some action or attitude they do the same.

WHERE CRASHES HAVE THE WINTER.
The saying “I’ll show you where the crayfish spend the winter” originated during the days of serfdom. In the middle of winter, the master sent the guilty person to get crayfish for the table. And in winter it is very difficult to find crayfish, and besides, you can freeze and catch a cold. Since then, this saying has meant a threat, a warning of punishment.

DISCOVER AMERICA.
America was discovered by the navigator Columbus more than five hundred years ago. Therefore, when someone announces something that everyone has known for a long time, they jokingly say to him: “Well, you discovered America!”

THROUGH THE STUMP DECK.
The deck is a log. You have to move slowly through the forest when you have either a stump or a log under your feet. The expression “through the roof” means to do something somehow, indiscriminately.

INVENT THE BICYCLE.
We all know what a bicycle is and how it works. “Don’t reinvent the wheel” so as not to waste time inventing something that has already existed for a long time.

THE MASTER'S WORK IS AFRAID.
Any task can be accomplished if a master, that is, a skilled one, takes on it. knowledgeable person. It is spoken with admiration and praise when a person shows skill and mastery in his craft.

THE HAT IS NOT GOOD FOR SENKA.
In the old days, the hat was a symbol of wealth and nobility. By its size they judged what place a person occupied in society. “It’s not a hat for Senka” - this is what they say about a person who is not able to perform this or that work or occupy a certain position.

LOOK FOR THE WIND IN THE FIELD.
Look - command, on. from ch. look for (I'm looking for, looking for), nesov. You won’t find it anyway, there’s no need to look. It talks about someone who has disappeared and who cannot be found (how useless it is to look for the wind in a field), or about something that is irretrievably lost.

YOU CAN'T ERASE WORDS FROM A SONG.
What happened, happened, everything will have to be told. They say it as if apologizing for having to tell everything without leaving out any (usually unpleasant) details (just as you can’t delete a single word from a song so as not to spoil the whole song).

OUT OF THE FRYING PAN INTO THE FIRE.
Yes, it does. conjunction - but, however. Fire (obsolete and regional) - flame, fire. In popular speech, flame, that is, fire that rises above a burning object, is associated with greater misfortune, flame is a stronger fire. From one misfortune to another, big one, from difficult situation to the worst.
It is said when a person, being in a difficult situation, finds himself in an even more difficult situation.

AND THE SWEDISH, AND THE REAPER, AND IN THE DUDU (on the pipe) THE PLAYER.
Shvets (obsolete and simple) - one who sews clothes, a tailor. The reaper is the one who reaps (cuts off when harvesting) the ripe ears of corn with a sickle. In the dudu (on the pipe) the player (obsolete) is the one who plays the pipe, a musician. About someone who can do everything or who simultaneously performs various duties.

AND YOU WANT AND HURT.
It pricks - blank, 3 l. units h. from ch. inject, nesov. "to touch something sharp, causing pain." It is said when you want to do something, but you are scared because it is associated with some kind of danger, with risk.

AND LAUGHTER AND SIN.
It is said when something is both funny and sad at the same time.

AND THE OLD WOMAN HAS A FAILURE.
Prorukha (simple) - mistake, oversight, failure. And an experienced person can make a mistake, make a mistake, a mistake. It is said to justify a mistake, a mistake made by a person from whom it could not be expected.

AND THE WOLVES ARE FEED, AND THE SHEEP ARE SAFE.
It is said when it is possible to resolve a difficult situation conveniently for both some and others, or when a solution to the issue is made that satisfies everyone.

THE CAT KNOWS (smells) WHOSE MEAT IT EATS.
Smells - 3 l. units h. from ch. smell (smell, smell), ness. (simple) feel. They talk about someone who feels guilty and shows it through their behavior.

MAKE A FOOL PRAY TO GOD, HE WILL BREAK HIS FOREHEOD (break him).
According to Orthodox custom, during prayer, believers kneel and bow low (bow), almost touching their foreheads to the floor. It is spoken with condemnation about a person who damaged the cause with excessive zeal and diligence.

WHAT I BUYED FOR IS WHAT I SELL FOR.
I repeat what I heard. They speak in their own defense when they retell rumors and therefore do not vouch for the authenticity of what was said.

BAD EXAMPLES ARE CONTAGIOUS or BAD EXAMPLE IS CONTAGIOUS.
Bad - bad. Contagious - kr. form m.r. from contagious, here: “one that causes imitation of itself, is easily transmitted to others. It is said when someone imitates bad behavior or the actions of another person.

THE LAW IS NOT WRITTEN FOR FOOLS (fools).
Laws are written for reasonable people; fools do not know the laws and do not obey them. It is said about a person when he acts, from the point of view of the speaker, strange or unreasonably, contrary to common sense and generally accepted norms of behavior.
*in a new way*
THE LAW IS NOT WRITTEN FOR FOOLS, IF IT IS WRITTEN, IT IS NOT READ,
IF YOU READ THEN THEY WILL NOT UNDERSTAND, IF YOU UNDERSTAND THEN IT IS NOT SO!

FRIENDSHIP IS FRIENDSHIP AND SERVICE IS SERVICE.
Friendly relationships should not affect work relationships. It is said when a person, despite friendly relations with someone occupying a different (usually higher) official position, does not deviate from fulfilling official requirements and duties.

OVER THE SEA, A HALF HEIFER, AND A RUBLE CARRIAGE.
Heifer (colloquial) - a young cow that has not yet had calves. Polushka is the smallest coin in pre-revolutionary Russia, equal to one-fourth of a kopeck (there are one hundred kopecks in one ruble). Yes, it does. conjunction - but, however. Transportation - here: payment for transported goods. Even a cheap thing will become expensive if you have to pay dearly for its transportation. They say when it is unprofitable to transport cheap goods from afar.

LIVING LIFE IS NOT A FIELD TO CROSS.
Life is complex and living it is not easy. It talks about the variety of events, about the difficulties that a person encounters throughout his life.

THERE IS NO SMOKE WITHOUT FIRE or NO SMOKE WITHOUT FIRE.
Nothing happens without a reason. It is usually said when they believe that there is some truth in the rumors that have spread.

1. Appetite comes with eating, and greed - during appetite.

2. Grandmother I was wondering, said in two, Either it’s raining or it’s snowing, or it’s going to happen, or it’s not going to happen.

3. Poverty is not a vice, and misfortune.

4. A healthy mind in a healthy body - rare luck.

5. Every family has its black sheep, and because of the freak, everything is not pleasing.

6. How lucky Saturday to the drowned man - there is no need to heat the bathhouse.

7. The raven will not peck out the crow's eyes, and he’ll peck it out, but won’t pull it out.

8. Everyone seeks the truth, not everyone does it.

9. Where it’s thin, that’s where it breaks, where it’s thick, it’s layered there.

10. It was smooth on paper, Yes, they forgot about the ravines, and walk along them.

11. Goal like a falcon, and as sharp as an ax.

12. Hunger is not a thing, won't bring you a pie.

13. The grave will correct the hunchback, and the stubborn one is a cudgel.

14. The lip is not a fool, the tongue is not a shovel: they know what is bitter and what is sweet.

15. Two boots in a pair, yes both left.

16. Two are waiting for the third, and seven do not wait for one.

17. Girlish shame - to the threshold, stepped over and forgot.

18. The master’s work is afraid, and another master of the matter.

19. The road is a spoon for dinner, and there at least under the bench.

20. No law is written for fools, if it is written, then it is not read, if it is read, then it is not understood, if it is understood, then it is not so.

21. We live, we chew bread, and sometimes we add salt.

22. For a beaten person they give two unbeaten ones, it doesn't hurt to take it.

23. If you chase two hares, you won’t get any wild boar you won't catch it.

24. There is fun overseas, but alien, and we have both grief and our own.

25. The hare's legs are carried, The wolf's teeth are fed, the fox's tail is protected.

26. AND it's time, And fun time.

27. And the blind horse carries when a sighted person sits on a cart.

28. A mosquito won’t knock down a horse, until the bear helps.

29. Whoever remembers the old is out of sight, and whoever forgets - both.

30. The hen pecks at the grain, and the whole yard is covered in droppings.

31. Dashing trouble has begun, and the end is near.

32. Dashing trouble initiative - there is a hole, there will be a gap.

33. Young people scold and amuse themselves, and the old people scold and rage.

34. They carry water to (offended) angry people, and they ride the good ones themselves.

35. Don’t open your mouth to someone else’s loaf, get up early and get started.

36. Not everything is Maslenitsa for the cat, there will be a post.

37. The woodpecker is not sad that he cannot sing, the whole forest can already hear him.

38. Neither fish nor meat, neither caftan nor cassock.

39. A new broom sweeps in a new way, and when it breaks, it’s lying under the bench.

40. One in the field is not a warrior, and the traveler.

41. The horses are dying from work, and people are getting stronger.

42. Oats don't make horses roam, but they do not seek good from good.

43. Double-edged sword hits here and there.

44. Repetition is the mother of learning, consolation for fools.

45. Repetition is the mother of learning and a refuge for lazy people.

46. ​​Water does not flow under a lying stone, but under the rolling one - he doesn’t have time.

47. The drunken sea is knee-deep, and the puddle is head over heels.

48. Dust in a column, smoke in a rocker, but the hut is not heated, not swept.

49. Work is not a wolf, it won’t run into the forest, That’s why it’s necessary to do it, damn it.

50. Grow big, but don’t be a noodle, stretch a mile, don't be simple.

51. A fisherman sees a fisherman from afar, that's why he avoids it.

52. A hand washes a hand, yes they both itch.

53. If you get along with a bee, you’ll get some honey, If you get in touch with a beetle, you'll end up in manure.

54. Your eye is a diamond, and the stranger is glass.

55. Seven troubles - one answer, eighth problem - nowhere at all.

56. The bullet is afraid of the brave, and he’ll find a coward in the bushes.

57. Dog in the manger lies there, doesn’t eat on her own and doesn’t give it to the cattle.

58. The dog was eaten choked on their tail.

59. Old age is not a joy, If you sit down, you won’t get up; if you run, you won’t stop..

60. An old horse will not spoil the furrow, and it won’t plow deep.

62. Fear has big eyes, they don't see anything.

63. If you hit one cheek, turn the other one, but don't let yourself get hit.

64. Uma chamber, yes the key is lost.

65. Bread on the table - and the table is a throne, and not a piece of bread - and the table is board.

66. My mouth is full of trouble, and there's nothing to bite.