How does Petya from the novel “War and Peace” relate to those who surround him in Denisov’s detachment? Literature lesson “Oh, war, what have you done, you vile one” (the image of Petya Rostov on the pages of the novel “War and Peace”).

In the last parts of L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" a majestic picture of popular resistance to the French invasion is reproduced. The outcome of the war was decided by “the incitement of hatred towards the enemy in the Russian people,” which resulted in a partisan movement that began before it was officially recognized by the government. The main features of the partisan movement were folk character, special patriotic inspiration, pronounced initiative and difference from the usual conduct of battles with their rules.

The partisans "destroyed great army in parts... There were parties... small, prefabricated, on foot and on horseback, there were peasants and landowners, unknown to anyone. The head of the party was a sexton who took several hundred prisoners a month. There was the elder Vasilisa, who beat a hundred Frenchmen." Even little Petya Rostov sought to benefit his fatherland.

Petya "was taken as an orderly to a general who commanded a large detachment." After he was promoted to officer, he entered the active army and took part in the Battle of Vyazemsky. “Petya was in a constantly happy and excited state of joy...” He was in a hurry “not to miss any case of real heroism.” Petya “was very happy with what he saw and experienced in the army, but at the same time it seemed to him that where he was not, that’s where the real heroic things were now happening.” And the boy “was in a hurry to get to where he was not.”

When the general decided to “send someone to Denisov’s detachment, Petya asked so pitifully to send him that the general could not refuse.” But, remembering how Petya in the Battle of Vyazemsky, instead of going “to where he sent, rode into the fire of the French that day,” the general forbade Petya to “participate in any of Denisov’s actions.”

When the boy saw the French, “he learned that they would certainly attack at night,” he, as happens with young people, instantly decided for himself that everyone around him was heroes and “that he would be ashamed to leave them in difficult times.”

Arriving at partisan detachment Petya was eager to help and did not rest, but “immediately began to assist the officers in setting up the dining table.” Sitting at the table, “Petya was in an enthusiastic childish state of tender love for all people and, as a result, confidence in the same love of other people for himself.” He himself had already allowed himself to remain in the partisan detachment and help Denisov in all his actions: “...is it okay if I stay with you for a day?.. Only you will let me into the most... main thing... I don’t need awards ... But I want...” Petya completely lost his temper, became brave and continued: “Just please, give me a complete command, so that I can command, what’s it worth to you?”

Petya wanted to be in the thick of things, just as a child always wants to be new toy. Through the heroism, the childish spontaneity in Petya could not hide and asked to come out: “Fathers! I completely forgot. I have wonderful raisins, you know, the ones without seeds. We have a new martin - and such wonderful things. I bought ten pounds. I’m used to something sweet... Don't you need a coffee pot?.. Or maybe you've got a lot of flints - after all, this happens... Please take as much as you need, or that's all... “And then Petya was afraid, “whether he was lying,” “he stopped and blushed.” “He started to think about whether he had done anything else stupid.”

The boy suddenly remembered the same little French drummer as he: “Where did they take him? Did they feed him? Did they hurt him?” Petya felt sorry for the boy, at first he was embarrassed to ask where he was, but then he was not afraid and asked if he could call and feed the boy who was captured. But Denisov did not find anything wrong with Petya’s memory of the boy, and ordered Petya to call the “pathetic boy” here.

Petya could not contain his joy that he was allowed to call the Frenchman, and kissed Denisov: “Let me kiss you, my dear. Oh, how wonderful! how good!”

French boy's name is Vincent! have already been altered in the Russian manner: “the Cossacks - into Vesenny, and the men and soldiers - into Vesenya. In both alterations, this reminder of spring coincided with the idea of a young boy.” Petya heard that the boy had already been fed: “He was hungry!” He called the boy and reassured him that he was in no danger. The drummer answered “in an almost childish voice”; he, like Petya, was also very young, and therefore was very close to the hero. “Pete wanted to say a lot to the drummer, but he didn’t dare. He, shifting, stood next to him in the hallway. Then in the dark he took his hand and shook it.”

Petya really wanted to help in some way. little drummer: “Oh, what should I do to him!” “When the drummer entered the hut, Petya sat away from him, considering it humiliating for himself to pay attention to him” - under Denisov, Petya considered it a sign of weakness and cowardice to feel sorry for the French boy. But for himself, Petya had already decided everything and “just felt the money in his pocket and was in doubt whether it would be a shame to give it to the drummer.”

A small episode in a small destiny. But it is also of great importance. Everything in Tolstoy's novel is subordinated to one main idea: all the best that lives in the soul of Russian people manifests itself in extreme situations.

IN hard days everyone, from small to large, submitting to the main patriotic feeling that governs and motivates them, strives to make their feasible contribution to the common noble cause. So young Petya Rostov does not imagine himself apart from him, and all the best, all the most beautiful that he absorbed in family of origin: humanity, sincerity, kindness, "spontaneous purity moral sense“Neither the volleys of guns nor the hard work of war can drown out.

Reflections of Andrei Bolkonsky on the road to Otradnoye (analysis of an episode from Chapter 1 of Part 3 of Volume 2 of L.N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”)

The appearance of the child and the death of his wife shocked Prince Andrei. Disappointed in his previous aspirations and ideals, having experienced grief and repentance, he comes to the conclusion that living for himself and for his loved ones is the only thing left for him. At the bed of the sick Nikolushka, together with his sister, Prince Andrei stands for a long time “in the dull light of the canopy, as if not wanting to part with this world in which the three of them were separated from the whole world.”

Can Bolkonsky’s active, ebullient nature be content with only his family circle? It was not for nothing that his gaze was “extinguished, dead,” and even his smile expressed “concentration and depression.” Tolstoy shows how difficult it is for his hero to return to life, to people, to new quests.

The first milestone on this path of rebirth is meeting Pierre and talking with him on the ferry. In the heat of an argument with a friend, Bolkonsky says unfair words, expresses extreme judgments, but for himself draws the right conclusion. “You have to live, you have to love, you have to believe” - these words of Pierre sank deeply into the soul of Prince Andrei. His extinguished gaze came to life and became “radiant, childish, gentle.” Right now, “for the first time since Austerlitz, he saw that high eternal sky which he saw lying on the Field of Austerlitz, and something that had long fallen asleep, something better that was in him, suddenly joyfully and youthfully woke up in his soul... The meeting with Pierre was for Prince Andrei the era with which the same in appearance, but in inner world his new life". The first step on this path was transformations in the village, which eased the lot of his peasants. “This was one of the first examples in Russia,” says Tolstoy. “In addition to classes on the estates, in addition to general activities, reading a wide variety of books, Prince Andrei was engaged in This is the time for a critical analysis of our two last unfortunate campaigns and drawing up a project for changing our military regulations and regulations."

an old oak helped him comprehend his new state of mind. The personification that Tolstoy used here subtly and accurately depicts man’s immersion in the natural world. Looking at the oak tree, Prince Andrei sees not branches, not bark, not growths on it, but “hands” and “fingers”, “old sores”. At the first meeting, the oak tree appears to him as an “old, angry and contemptuous freak”, who is endowed with the ability to think, persist, frown and despise the cheerful family of “smiling birches”. Prince Andrei attributes his thoughts and feelings to the oak tree, and, thinking about it, uses the pronouns “we”, “ours”.

Meeting in Otradnoe with Natasha, feeling her sincerity in moonlit night strengthens Andrey's faith in himself, love for surrounding life. And in a new way he meets the spreading oak on way back from Otradnoye: both of them now seem transformed.

“No, life is not over at thirty-one,” Prince Andrei suddenly decided, definitively, without fail. “Not only do I know everything that is in me, it is necessary for everyone to know it: both Pierre and this girl, who wanted to fly into the sky, it is necessary for everyone to know me, so that my life does not go on for me alone, so that they do not live like this girl, regardless of my life, so that it is reflected on everyone and so that they all live with me !"

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested this work, please download the full version.

2012 marks 200 years Patriotic War 1812 - a historical event of national and of European significance. Many events that are held both in our country and in European countries- participants in those great events. That is why the novel by L.N. Tolstoy is becoming closer and more understandable to modern tenth graders.

An important role in the study of such a large-scale work is played by the analysis of individual images and episodes. In my opinion, the most revealing among the supporting characters is Petya Rostov.

The purpose of the lesson: determining the meaning of war in human life through analysis of the image of Petya Rostov.

Lesson objectives: analyze the episodes of the novel in which Petya Rostov is presented; develop the ability to reason, express your point of view, confirming it with text material; contribute moral education students.

Equipment: text of the novel, presentation for the lesson, cards for group work.

During the classes

1. Introductory speech by the teacher.

In previous lessons, we examined in detail the images of the main characters of the epic novel, but next to them on the pages of the work - great amount minor characters, which are not usually discussed in detail, but their images are no less significant for understanding the content and ideological originality"War and Peace". The topic of today's lesson: “Oh, war, what have you done, you vile one” (the image of Petya Rostov on the pages of the novel “War and Peace”). (Presentation, slide No. 2).

2. Motivational stage of the lesson.

Researcher of Tolstoy S.P. Bychkov noted in his essay: “The image of Petya Rostov is one of the most exciting in War and Peace. I took these words as an epigraph for the lesson. (Presentation, slide number 3). Do you agree with this idea? What impression did this hero make on you? (Students' short answers). Based on the topic of the lesson and the epigraph to it, try to formulate questions that we need to answer during the lesson. (Presentation, slide No. 4).

3. Studying new material.

In his article “Portrait of Petya Rostov” N.G. Dolinina, a Russian writer, introduced the hero of the novel this way: “... we saw him from the first pages: a fat little boy who bet with Natasha that at the birthday dinner she would ask her desperately cheerful question about the cake; he hovered around Nikolai and Denisov, who had come on vacation, like any boy who admires his older military brother; but we still didn’t notice him: he’s small...” How do you see little Petya? Is the information that Tolstoy gives us about him enough to create a full-fledged image of Petit the child? (Presentation, slide No. 5). In what episodes does Petya Rostov’s character begin to reveal itself? What character traits does he have? (Presentation, slide No. 6).

4. Analysis of the episode “Petya Rostov in Denisov’s detachment.” Work in groups.(Presentation, slide No. 7).

The class is divided into four groups of five people. Each group receives cards with questions. (I formulated the questions based on the teaching materials “The World Around You”).

1st group: Arrival of Petya Rostov to Denisov’s detachment.

How does Petya behave with Denisov when he brings a package from the general?
What actions of Petya reveal his childishness?
Why did Petya take pity on the captive drummer? What feelings are fighting in him at the same time?

Group 2: Petya Rostov on reconnaissance with Dolokhov.

Why does Petya ask to join intelligence?
How does a boy behave in the French camp?
What impression does Petya make on Dolokhov? Why did he forgive the boy for his sensitivity?

Group 3: Petya Rostov before the fight.

What details show that Petya is very fair man?
How does Petya characterize his half-sleep on the eve of the battle? For what purpose does Tolstoy paint? musical images, sounding in Petya’s soul?
Why do adults try to protect Petya from danger? How is Petya different from his older brother Nikolai?

Group 4: Death of Petya Rostov.

Through whose eyes do we see the battle in which Petya dies? Why is Tolstoy changing his tradition this time?
What is the meaning of the battle in which Petya was killed? Is this situation random, in your opinion?
What is the reaction of Petit’s colleagues to his death?

5. Checking work in groups.

Discussion of answers to questions. (Presentation slides No. 8-11 are used to demonstrate questions to the whole class).

Literary reading of the passage “The News of Petya’s Death,” prepared by a class student.

What has changed in the Rostov family in connection with the death of Petya?
How do you see Petya Rostov now?
What do you think is the significance of the image of Petya Rostov? (Presentation, slide No. 12).

6. Lesson conclusions:

Which of the statements presented can be considered a conclusion to the lesson? Explain your idea (Presentation, slide No. 13).

Death is evil for everyone. I.Goethe
If you value your life, then remember that others value theirs no less. Euripides.
Everything in the world can be corrected, except death.M. Cervantes.
Some unwritten laws are stronger than all written ones. Seneca.
Moral qualities a just person is completely replaced by laws.Menander.
What matters is not how long, but whether you lived right.Seneca the Younger.

When answering, remember the questions that we posed for the lesson (for this I return to slide No. 3).

7. Homework:

Write down the interpretations of the words “war” and “peace”. Select examples from the text of the novel that illustrate these interpretations.

Literature for the lesson:

Bychkov S.P. L.N. Tolstoy: Essay on creativity. - M.: State Publishing House fiction, 1954.
Around you - the World...: A book for students. 5th grade / Automatic comp. A. Deletroz, V.Yu. Vybornova, M.R. Savova, A.M. Rozov, V.V. Shishkina. – M.: MAIK Publishing House “Science”, 1996.
Dolinina N.G. Portrait of Petya Rostov. – Bonfire Magazine, January, 1973.
Leo Tolstoy: War and Peace: An Epic Novel - “Eksmo”, 2009.

In the image of Petya Rostov, L.N. Tolstoy accurately recreates the features of the best part of the noble youth. Young Rostov heroically dies for his Motherland, realizing his dream of becoming a real officer and definitely ending up in a partisan group.

Upon leaving Moscow, Petya joins the regiment and becomes the general's orderly. This event is the greatest joy for him, as he dreams of heroic feat. Rostov does not want to miss the opportunity of real heroism. It seems to him that, where he is not, now the most real, heroic things are happening.

On October 21, Petya ends up in Denisov’s partisan detachment. The general sends him there on the condition that he returns and does not participate in Denisov’s actions. Once in the detachment, seeing Tikhon and Denisov, Petya decides with himself that he needs to stay. The dashing hussar Denisov becomes Petit's ideal.

In the detachment, Petya watches everyone, wants to be useful: “He is in an enthusiastic childish state of tender love for all people.”

Tolstoy uses his favorite epithet “childish,” which tells us about the sincere feelings that overwhelmed Petya.

Rostov asks to “be in the main”, and not for the sake of awards, but for himself. He wants to evaluate his strength, show himself with the best side. A feeling of joy overwhelms him, and he offers the partisans the raisins he was used to, a pot of coffee: “And suddenly, afraid that he had lied, Petya stopped and blushed.” The hero began to remember if he had done anything stupid, and remembered the French drummer. Petya wants to ask about him, but is afraid of ridicule: “If I could ask?” he thinks, “they will say: the boy himself felt sorry for the boy. I’ll show them tomorrow what a boy I am!..” Petya really wanted to be treated like an adult.
And yet he asked to call this drummer. Petya was so happy that he even kissed Denisov and ran into the yard. Petya and the Frenchman immediately found mutual language. Rostov wanted to help the boy with all his might: “Oh, what could I do to him!” - Petya said to himself.

It was Rostov’s meeting with this Frenchman that helped us see the hero’s spiritual beauty, his kindness, and desire to help. These qualities were characteristic of all members of the Rostov family. Their spiritual life took place primarily in the environment of feelings.

Petya Rostov, while in the detachment, constantly monitors his actions and speech in order to show himself from the best side; first of all, he wants to seem like an adult. Either the hero remembers whether he did anything stupid when talking with the partisans, or he is afraid of ridicule from them when he wants to ask about the Frenchman. When meeting the Frenchman, he also “was in doubt whether it would be a shame to give money to the drummer.”
Despite the fact that Petya was brought up in a rich, noble family, the most sincere feelings, he is ready to sacrifice the latter. It's open, and people like that openness. Petya does not know how to lie or pretend, his feelings are sincere. He true patriot who goes to war not for rewards, but for the sake of the Motherland.

Petya Rostov attracts people with his kindness, spiritual responsiveness, nobility, and readiness to help. It was thanks to people like him that the Russians defeated the French in the War of 1812.

It is also necessary to note the exceptional importance of the image of Petya Rostov for revealing L. N. Tolstoy’s attitude to the war. In this episode, the writer portrays a boy, a young man who has just begun to live. Everything seems new, unusual, bright to him, he sees everything through the prism of his childhood enthusiasm. Even war, the greatest evil of humanity, is perceived by him as something toy. Rostov is a maximalist, who did not even really have time to understand that people also die in war. Why does Tolstoy portray to us this sweet, good-natured boy who dies at such a young age? And he does this in order to sharply condemn the senseless cruel struggle of people. The writer opposes the senseless death of a person, especially a child.

In addition to the image of Petya Rostov, the image of a frail boy - a drummer, the child of a French woman - is also very important in the novel. Tolstoy portrays him not as an enemy, but as a child who became a victim of war, like Petya.

Thus, the episode dedicated to Petya Rostov in the partisan detachment is of great importance for understanding the author’s position in depicting the war.

Petya Rostov in a partisan detachment (option 2)

In the last parts of L.N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" a majestic picture of popular resistance to the French invasion is reproduced. The outcome of the war was decided by “the incitement of hatred towards the enemy in the Russian people,” which resulted in a partisan movement that began before it was officially recognized by the government. The main features of the partisan movement were popular character, special patriotic inspiration, pronounced initiative and dissimilarity from the usual conduct of battles with their rules.

The partisans “destroyed the great army piece by piece... There were parties... small, combined, on foot and on horseback, there were peasants and landowners, unknown to anyone. There was a sexton who was the head of the party, who took several hundred prisoners a month. There was the elder Vasilisa, who killed a hundred French." Even little Petya Rostov sought to benefit his fatherland.

Having arrived at the partisan detachment, Petya was eager to help and did not rest, but “immediately began to assist the officers in setting up the dinner table.” Sitting at the table, “Petya was in an enthusiastic childish state of tender love for all people and, as a result, confidence in the same love of other people for himself.” He himself had already allowed himself to remain in the partisan detachment and help Denisov in all his actions: “...is it okay if I stay with you for a day?.. Only you will let me into the most... main thing... I don’t need awards ... But I want...” Petya completely lost his temper, became brave and continued: “Just please, give me a complete command, so that I can command, what’s it worth to you?”

Petya wanted to be in the thick of things, just as a child certainly wants a new toy even now. Through the heroism, the childish spontaneity in Petya could not hide and asked to come out: “Fathers! I completely forgot. I have wonderful raisins, you know, the ones without seeds. We have a new martin - and such wonderful things. I bought ten pounds. I’m used to something sweet... Don't you need a coffee pot?.. Or maybe you've got a lot of flints - after all, this happens... Please take as much as you need, or that's all... “And then Petya was afraid, “whether he was lying,” “he stopped and blushed.” “He started to think about whether he had done anything else stupid.”

Petya could not contain his joy that he was allowed to call the Frenchman, and kissed Denisov: “Let me kiss you, my dear. Oh, how wonderful! how good!”

Petya really wanted to help the little drummer in some way: “Oh, what could I do for him!” “When the drummer entered the hut, Petya sat away from him, considering it humiliating for himself to pay attention to him” - under Denisov, Petya considered it a sign of weakness and cowardice to feel sorry for the French boy. But for himself, Petya had already decided everything and “just felt the money in his pocket and was in doubt whether it would be a shame to give it to the drummer.”

A small episode in a small destiny. But it is also of great importance. Everything in Tolstoy’s novel is subordinated to one main idea: all the best that lives in the soul of Russian people manifests itself in extreme situations.

In the difficult days of the war, everyone, young and old, submitting to the main patriotic feeling that controls and motivates them, strives to make their feasible contribution to the common noble cause. So young Petya Rostov does not imagine himself apart from him, and all the best, all the most beautiful things that he absorbed in his own family: humanity, sincerity, kindness, “immediate purity of moral feeling” cannot be drowned out either by volleys of guns or hard work. at war.

Petya Rostov in a partisan detachment (option 3)

In the novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" presented an entire era. The fates of both individual characters and entire families unfold before the reader. We meet the Rostovs, Bolkonskys, Kuragins. Some are attractive to us, others cause an unpleasant feeling. Just as people are different in life, so in the novel the author presents to us different images. Consistently, from episode to episode, the writer reveals the characteristics of the characters of his characters. We follow the destinies of the characters thanks to the plot relationship of the episodes.

One of the most touching and charming images is that of Petya Rostov. Let's look at an episode from volume 4 of the work, which tells about Petya's first impressions in a partisan detachment.

Peter - youngest child in the Rostov family, a lively, cheerful boy, his mother’s favorite. He goes to war when he is still very young, but he already has a goal - to accomplish a feat and become a hero. He was delighted that he was in a partisan detachment and had the opportunity to prove himself. He recklessly grabs any opportunity to show that he is already an adult and can fight alongside experienced officers. And most of all he is afraid of missing out possible case, where he could show his heroism.

Petya is a romantic, for him war is an adventure, an opportunity to test himself, his courage and strength. He is not afraid of anything, he strives to be at the center of events, always at the forefront, and then he will be able to fulfill his dream of a feat. However, the squad protects him. The general forbids Petya to take part in any of Denisov’s actions. How can a romantic agree with this? But he follows the order, because for a military man this is the law.

The boy’s family was surrounded by a kind, friendly atmosphere, thanks to which he grew up responsive, sensitive, and capable of compassion. He sincerely loved all people and was also confident in the love of other people for himself. He tries to do something nice for his fellow soldiers: he treats them with raisins, or offers help. The squad also treats Petya very warmly, in a fatherly way. But the boy wants to look older than his age, he tries to prove to everyone that he has already grown up and become independent. However, despite all attempts to hide it, we understand that he is still childishly naive.

Petya is worried about the fate of the French boy who was taken prisoner. A Frenchman of the same age as Rostov, also very young and inexperienced. In Petya’s internal monologue one can feel his benevolent attitude towards the prisoner. He worries about whether the boy was fed or whether he was hurt. Rostov sees the French prisoner not as an enemy, but as a young soldier in trouble who needs help. He even turns to Denisov with a request to invite the prisoner to have dinner with the partisans, because everyone, even prisoners, must be treated humanely.

Vincent sees Petya as a friend who is ready to help in difficult times.

At the same time, Rostov is somewhat embarrassed by his pity. He simultaneously ignores the drummer, considering it humiliating, and counts the money in his pocket, wondering if he can give it to the boy. Here Tolstoy is ironic about the hero, but at the same time shows the highest degree of love for people - a sincere kind attitude towards the enemy during the war.

The character of the hero is revealed in the novel through internal dialogue. Through Petya’s reflections, we understand what is going on in his soul: great love to people and an irresistible desire to accomplish a feat.

Another technique that helps reveal the character of the hero is dialogue. The author gives us speech characteristics Petit: his phrases are abrupt, talking about one thing, he quickly switches to another. Next to experienced fighters, the boy is a little shy and feels awkward. Petya tries to appear older, but he doesn’t always succeed, and then he blushes. He is touching and charming. It is for this spontaneity and timidity, gullibility and kindness, shyness and romance that the fighters love Rostov, although sometimes they laugh kindly at his actions.

The episode telling about the life of Petya Rostov in a partisan detachment is the most important for revealing the character of this hero. After meeting this boy, you cannot remain indifferent to him. We love him for his philanthropy, warmth, romantic dreams and childish naivety. These features are characteristic of all Rostovs. Natasha and Nikolai are also open and kind, sensitive and responsive, capable of compassion. The author values these qualities in the Rostov family. Unfortunately, on the way to his dream of a feat, Petya dies, but he could have grown out of him wonderful person and a noble officer.

The fourth volume of the novel “War and Peace” is dedicated to the partisan war of 1812, which began with the enemy’s entry into Smolensk. But before it was officially adopted by our government, “thousands of people of the enemy army had already been exterminated by the Cossacks and peasants, who beat these people as unconsciously as unconsciously dogs kill a runaway rabid dog.”
Tolstoy, calling guerrilla warfare “a terrible club that, without asking the rules of military art, destroyed the French,” prepares us for a realistic description of the horrors of war. The writer does not directly express his attitude towards these historical events. He tries to give us an objective historical description, but at the same time, we can feel his position through the characters he chose not by chance.

Better understand author's attitude Episode 7 of Chapter 3 of Part 4 of Volume 4 will help us towards war.

This episode highlights one of the goodies novel - Petya Rostov. By the time it started guerrilla warfare Petya Rostov had already been promoted to officer and entered the active army, where he participated in the Battle of Vyazemsky. He “was in a constantly happily excited state of joy at the fact that he was big, and in a constantly enthusiastic haste not to miss some occasion of real heroism.” This small remark alone suggests that it is not the “husband” who is participating in the war, but the child, with his characteristic enthusiasm and impetuosity, as evidenced by his “crazy act” in the battle of Vyazemsky: “Petya... rode in a chain under fire the French and fired there twice from his pistol.”

So, this impetuous, brave boy persuades the general to let him join Denisov’s detachment and finds himself in the circle of partisans. In this episode, L.N. Tolstoy reveals to us the soul of a boy who, despite the experience gained in battle, is unlikely to fully understand all the tragedy and horror of the war.

Petya admires absolutely everything that surrounds him: the table set for dinner, the food, the officers. He “was in an enthusiastic childish state of tender love for all people and, as a result, confidence in the same love of other people for himself.” The hero is ready to do everything for these people, just as a child is ready to do everything for friends or parents who praised him. This is shown both in the scene with the penknife and in the scene with raisins and flint, which Petya offers to the officers.
At the same time, he feels a sense of shame that he said something too impulsively or exaggerated. He naively asks Denisov, the commander of the detachment, to let him “into the very… main…”, obviously meaning the battle. With his suggestions and requests, Petya makes those around him smile. No one gets annoyed by his emotionality because everyone understands that he is a child.

Petya Rostov is a hero who stands on the side of “peace”. He is no stranger to mercy and compassion, which he shows to the French boy, a drummer, who was taken prisoner. He asks Denisov for permission to feed him, tries to cheer up the prisoner and even give him money.

In this episode, L. N. Tolstoy also depicts little boy, which is very far from the cruel reality surrounding him. Thus, the writer expresses his sharply negative attitude towards the war, which takes the lives of young people who do not yet know anything, as will happen to Petya Rostov.
War is cruel and inhumane in Tolstoy’s depiction, and this is manifested not only in relation to Petya, but also to the drummer boy. The image of “spring,” as the officers called him, was also not accidentally introduced into this episode. Through him, Tolstoy also proves the senselessness and cruelty of war, which turns children, no matter whether they are Russian or French, into “pathetic boys” suffering because of the orders of superiors alien to them.

Thus, this episode becomes very important for revealing the writer’s attitude towards the war, his sharply negative attitude towards it. He is trying to prove that a war started by a group of high-ranking officials who place their personal interests much higher than the people’s interests makes people suffer ordinary people, confident that they are fighting the enemy for objective reasons. Tolstoy shows real grief, which is the fruit of war, poisoning the lives of everyone who participates in it.

This is Tolstoy’s philosophy, which is based “on non-resistance to evil through violence” and the assertion that war should not concern children, since it highest degree manifestations of inhumanity.

When a letter arrived from Nikolai about his injury, nine-year-old Petya sternly said to his sisters: “It’s clear that all of you women are crybabies... I am so very glad and, truly, very glad that my brother distinguished himself so much. You are all nurses!.. If I were in Nikolushka’s place, I would kill even more of these Frenchmen...”
He enthusiastically played at being an adult man; this game continued until 1812, until the onset of a new war.
Peter, younger son in the Rostov family (he was only fifteen years old), succumbing to a patriotic impulse, he begged his parents to let him go into the army. After much persuasion and threats to run away, the parents agreed. Petya did not yet understand that his departure meant constant worry and daily anxiety for his mother. He was completely overwhelmed by the desire to fight, he was inspired by the example of Nikolai, his older brother. And now Petya is at war. What does he know about her? “It seemed to him that where he was not, that was where the most real, heroic things were now happening. And he was in a hurry to get to where he was now not.” Petya could not even imagine that he could be wounded or killed: “Petya was in a constantly happily excited state of joy and the fact that he was big, and in a constantly enthusiastic haste not to miss some case of real heroism.” That is why Petya asks the general, for whom he was an orderly, to let him go to Denisov’s partisan detachment. When he arrives there and sees Denisov and Tikhon Shcherbaty, he decides that they are real heroes and he must imitate them in everything.
State of mind Petit in Denisov’s detachment reminds us of what his brother Nikolai experienced when, during the war of 1805, while in an Austrian village, he felt brotherly love for everyone and shouted: “And long live the whole world!” Petya also loves everyone and wants to do something nice for everyone: “Petya was in an enthusiastic childish state of tender love for all people and, as a result, confidence in the same love of other people for himself.” Petya’s conversation with the officers of Denisov’s detachment at dinner shows us a sweet, kind child who wanted to play in a real war. Petya touches not only Denisov, who loves the entire “Rostov breed,” but also everyone present. He asks Denisov to send him on a mission: “Only you will let me into the very...the main one. I don’t need awards... But I want.;.” Petya’s words make Denisov smile. Petya gives one of the officers his folding knife, runs after his bag to bring raisins: “I have wonderful raisins, you know, the kind without seeds. I bought ten pounds. I'm used to something sweet." He offers his coffee pot and flints, and then falls silent, afraid that they will laugh at him, that he is behaving childishly.
Petya is characterized even better by his attitude towards the French boy taken prisoner. He worries about how he feels, whether he has been fed; he was not offended. At first he thinks like this: “You could ask, but they will say: the boy himself felt sorry for the boy,” but he still asks, although he expects ridicule from the officers. Denisov takes Petya’s question quite seriously, orders the prisoner to be called, and Petya runs up to him and kisses him, childishly expressing his joy that he was understood and is not laughing at Kim. Petit is in vain worried about the captive boy: the soldiers have already fed him and renamed him Vesenny. Petya calls him to the table, trying to encourage him: “Pete wanted to say a lot to the drummer, but he didn’t dare. He stood next to him in the hallway, shifting. Then in the dark I took him by the hand and felt sorry for him.”
Despite the fact that in the novel Petya does not main character, Tolstoy managed to create a wonderful image of a boy who embodied the best traits of the Rostov family: kindness, sensitivity, attention to others, openness, love of life and people. People like him are called to bring joy to everyone around them. The fate of Petya, who died during the liberation of prisoners, seems all the more tragic.