Prepare a report about Shakespeare. William Shakespeare - Biography - a relevant and creative path
Not preserved exact date the birth of a future talented writer. He is believed to have been born in Stratford-upon-Avon in April 1564. It is known for certain that on April 26 he was baptized in a local church. His childhood was spent in a large wealthy family; he was the third child among seven brothers and sisters.
Youth time
Researchers of Shakespeare's life and work suggest that he received his education first at Stratford Grammar School, and then continued his studies at the school of King Edward the Sixth. At the age of eighteen he starts a family. A pregnant girl named Anne becomes his chosen one. The writer's family had three children.
Life in London
At the age of 20, Shakespeare leaves hometown, moves to London. His life there is not easy: in order to earn money, he is forced to agree to any work in the theater. Then he is trusted to play small roles. In 1603, his plays appeared on the stage of the theater and Shakespeare became a co-owner of a troupe called the King's Men. Later theater Receives the name "Globe" and moves to a new building. William Shakespeare's financial condition is becoming much better.
Literary activity
The writer's first book was published in 1594. She brought him success, money and recognition. Despite this, the writer continues to work in the theater.
Shakespeare's literary work can be divided into four periods.
On early stage he creates comedies and poems. At this time, he wrote such works as “The Two Gentlemen of Verona”, “The Taming of the Shrew”, “The Comedy of Errors”.
Later appear romantic works: "A Midsummer Night's Dream", "The Merchant of Venice".
The most profound philosophical books appear in the third period of his work. It was during these years that Shakespeare created the plays Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear.
The master's latest works are characterized by refined style and elegant poetic skill. "Antony and Cleopatra" and "Coriolanus" are the pinnacle of poetic art.
Critics rating
An interesting fact is the assessment of William Shakespeare's works by critics. So Bernard Shaw considered Shakespeare an outdated writer compared to Ibsen. Leo Tolstoy repeatedly expressed doubt about Shakespeare's dramatic talent. And yet the talent and genius of the great classic is an indisputable fact. As said famous poet T. S. Eliot: "Shakespeare's plays will always be modern."
Within the framework of a brief biography of Shakespeare, it is impossible to talk in detail about the writer’s life and analyze his works. In order to assess personality and creative heritage, it is necessary to read the works and get acquainted with the works of literary scholars about the life and work of William Shakespeare.
In Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire in England. The parish register contains a record of his baptism on April 26. His father, John Shakespeare, was a prominent man in Stratford (according to some sources, he traded in leather goods) and held various positions in the city government, including bailiff (estate manager). Mother was the daughter of a small nobleman from Warwickshire, who came from ancient family Catholic Ardens.
By the end of the 1570s the family was broke and around 1580 William had to leave school and start working.
In November 1582 he married Anne Hathaway. In May 1583, their first child, daughter Susan, was born, and in February 1585, twins, son Hamnet and daughter Judith.
It became a popular belief that Shakespeare joined one of the London theater troupes that performed on tour in Stratford.
Until 1593, Shakespeare did not publish anything; in 1593 he published the poem “Venus and Adonis”, dedicating it to the Duke of Southampton, the patron of literature. The poem had big success and during the author’s lifetime it was published eight times. That same year, Shakespeare joined Richard Burbage's Lord Chamberlain's Men, where he worked as an actor, director and playwright.
Theatrical activities under the auspices of Southampton quickly brought him wealth. His father, John Shakespeare, after several years of financial difficulties, received the right to a coat of arms from the Heraldic Chamber. The title granted gave Shakespeare the right to sign "William Shakespeare, gentleman."
In 1592-1594, London theaters were closed due to the plague epidemic. During the involuntary pause, Shakespeare created several plays - the chronicle "Richard III", "The Comedy of Errors" and "The Taming of the Shrew". In 1594, after the opening of the theaters, Shakespeare joined the new cast of the Lord Chamberlain's troupe.
In 1595-1596 he wrote the tragedy "Romeo and Juliet", the romantic comedies "A Midsummer Night's Dream" and "The Merchant of Venice".
Things were going well for the playwright - in 1597 he acquired big house with a garden in Stratford, where he moved his wife and daughters (his son died in 1596) and settled himself after leaving the London stage.
In the years 1598-1600, the peaks of Shakespeare's comedy work were created - "Much Ado About Nothing", "As You Like It" and "Twelfth Night". At the same time, he wrote the tragedy "Julius Caesar" (1599).
He became one of the owners, playwright and actor of the newly opened Globus Theater. In 1603, King James took Shakespeare's troupe under direct patronage - it began to be called "His Majesty the King's Men", and the actors were considered the same courtiers as valets. In 1608, Shakespeare became a shareholder in the profitable London theater Blackfriars.
With the appearance of the famous "Hamlet" (1600-1601), the period of great tragedies of the playwright began. In 1601-1606, Othello (1604), King Lear (1605), and Macbeth (1606) were created. Shakespeare's tragic worldview also left its mark on those works of this period that do not directly belong to the genre of tragedy - the so-called "bitter comedies" "Troilus and Cressida" (1601-1602), "All's well that ends well" (1603- 1603), "Measure for Measure" (1604).
In 1606-1613 Shakespeare created tragedies based on antique stories"Antony and Cleopatra", "Coriolanus", "Timon of Athens", as well as romantic tragicomedies, including " Winter's Tale" and "The Tempest", and the later chronicle "Henry VIII".
About acting Shakespeare is only known to have played the roles of the Ghost in Hamlet and Adam in As You Like It. Performed a role in Ben Jonson's play "Everyone in His Own Temper." Shakespeare's last recorded performance on stage was in his play Sejanus. In 1613 he left the stage and settled at his home in Stratford.
The playwright was buried in the Holy Trinity Church, where he had previously been baptized.
For more than two centuries after his death, no one doubted Shakespeare's authorship. Since 1850, doubts have arisen about the authorship of the playwright, which are still shared by many today. The source for Shakespeare's biographers was his will, which talks about houses and property, but not a word about books and manuscripts. There are many supporters of the negative statement - Shakespeare from Stratford could not have been the author of such works, since he was uneducated, did not travel, and did not study at the university. Many arguments have been made by Stratfordians (supporters of the traditional version) and anti-Stratfordians. More than two dozen candidates for “Shakespeare” were proposed, among the most popular candidates were the philosopher Francis Bacon and Shakespeare’s predecessor in the transformation of dramatic art, Christopher Marlowe; the Earls of Derby, Oxford, and Rutland were also named.
William Shakespeare is considered the greatest English playwright, one of the best playwrights in the world. His plays have been translated into all major languages and to this day form the basis of the world theatrical repertoire. Most of them have been filmed many times.
In Russia, Shakespeare’s work has been known since the 18th century; it has become a fact of Russian culture (interpretation, translations) since the first half of the 19th century century.
The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
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Brief biography of William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare - outstanding English poet and playwright. He is considered the greatest writer English origin and one of the best playwrights in the world. Shakespeare, according to legend, was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon. On April 26, he was baptized in the Church of the Holy Trinity. The writer's father was a wealthy artisan and was often elected to important positions. There is evidence that he was mayor of Stratford-upon-Avon. Shakespeare's mother came from the old Arden family. Presumably, the boy attended Stratford Grammar School, where he studied Latin and literature.
Upon reaching the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of a wealthy landowner, who was several years older than him. They had three children. When William was about 23 years old, he moved to London where he took a job. At first he did any small jobs, and then got a job in the theater. It is not known for certain when his career began, but biographers place this stage in the mid-1580s. In 1592 Shakespeare was already famous playwright, and also a member of the London acting troupe of Burbage, which received royal status under James I. The first mention of the historical chronicle of the writer “Henry VI”, which was staged on the stage of the Rose Theater, owned by Philip Henslowe, dates back to this time.
In 1599 his troupe built new theater on the south bank of the Thames called "Globe". A few years later they acquired another indoor theater, Blackfires. Thanks to the rapid theater career Shakespeare soon became a very rich man. There is information that already in 1597 he purchased one of the largest houses in his native Stratford. Since 1598, his name was replete with leaflets of publications. Combining acting and dramaturgical activities, Shakespeare carried out most of his time in London, but during the breaks he went home. There is evidence that he preferred to play “royal roles” in his theater. For example, he played Hamlet's father, the Chorus in Henry V, etc.
IN early XVII centuries, many theaters in London were closed due to outbreaks of plague. The actors, remaining unemployed, went home. So, shortly before his death, Shakespeare returned to Stratford-upon-Avon. During the years 1606-1607 he wrote several more plays, and in 1613 he stopped writing altogether. It is believed that the last three plays were written jointly with another playwright, John Fletcher. Shakespeare died on April 23, 1616. During his short career, he wrote more than 10 tragedies, 17 comedies, 10 historical chronicles, more than 150 sonnets and many romantic poems. The most famous of his works are A Midsummer Night's Dream, King Lear, Hamlet, The Taming of the Shrew, Macbeth, Othello, Much Ado About Nothing, and of course, Romeo and Juliet " There is no clear chronology of the appearance of Shakespeare's works.
