How Prishvin led teaching activities. Mikhail Prishvin - biography, information, personal life

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born January 23 (February 4), 1873 on the Khrushchev estate of the Yelets district of the Oryol province in merchant family, whose fortune was squandered by her father, who left the family without a livelihood. It took a lot of effort and labor of the mother of the future writer to give her children an education.

In 1883 enters the Yeletsk gymnasium. Prishvin was expelled from the Yelets gymnasium for “free-thinking.” He studied at the Tyumen Real School. A student at the Riga Polytechnic, Prishvin was arrested for participating in Marxist circles ( 1897 ). In 1902 Graduated from the agronomic department of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Leipzig. He served as an agronomist in the zemstvo (Klin, Luga). Published several books and articles on agriculture.

Prishvin's first story "Sashok" was published in 1906 in the magazine "Rodnik". Having left his profession, Prishvin became interested in folklore and ethnography. Prishvin's birth as a writer is connected with his travels around the North (Olonets, Karelia, Norway). Observations of nature, life and speech of the northerners, recordings of fairy tales resulted in a unique form of travel notes and essays: the books “In the Land unafraid birds» ( 1907 ) and "For with a magic kolobok» ( 1908 ). Finding yourself in the center literary life, Prishvin became close to the St. Petersburg decadents (A. Remizov, D. Merezhkovsky, etc.). Their influence is palpable in the stories “The Krutoyarsky Beast”, “Bird Cemetery” and the story-essay “At the Walls of the Invisible City” ( 1909 ). The result of trips to Crimea and Kazakhstan were the essays “Adam and Eve” ( 1909 ), "Black Arab" ( 1910 ), “Glorious are the tambourines” ( 1913 ) etc. The appearance of the first collected works of Prishvin ( 1912-1914 , publishing house "Knowledge") contributed to M. Gorky.

Prishvin believed that a person’s personal life should work out. He married at the age of 25 a simple peasant woman from the Smolensk region, from whose marriage he had three sons, two of whom also gained fame in literature.

During the First World War, Prishvin was a front-line correspondent; his essays were published in the newspapers Birzhevye Vedomosti, Rech, and Russkie Vedomosti.

After October revolution Prishvin led for some time pedagogical activity; he was passionate about hunting and local history (he lived in Yelets, in the Smolensk region, in the Moscow region). Published the essay “Shoes” ( 1923 ), hunting and children's stories, phenological notes “Springs of Berendey” ( 1925 ), released with additions called “Nature Calendar” ( 1935 ). The writer teaches in them “kindred attention” to nature, calls to recognize “... the face of life itself, be it a flower, a dog, a tree, a rock, or even the face of an entire region.” In parallel to this line, Prishvin develops another: essays connected by a single hero (most often the writer’s lyrical “I”), his philosophical, moral quests, become chapters of a story or novel. In the 20s the autobiographical novel “Kashcheev’s Chain” was begun, on which Prishvin worked before last days life ( 1923-1954 ). The romantic quest of the protagonist Alpatov, developing against the backdrop of life in Russia and Germany at the end of the 19th century, turns into a story of growth creative personality and creature analysis creative activity at all. Poetically specific images of the novel simultaneously act as the personification of myth (Second Adam, Marya Morevna, etc.). Adjacent to the novel is a story about creativity “Crane Homeland” ( 1929 ) introduces the reader to the artist's laboratory.

During these years, Prishvin constantly published in magazines “ New world", "Krasnaya Nov" and others. The writer is looking for live material on trips to the Far East, North and Caucasus. He advocates the essay genre (“My Essay”, 1933 ). And again from scientific knowledge and folklore goes to artistic prose, creating poetic stories and novellas. Thus, the essay about deer “Dear Animals” preceded the story “Ginseng” (the first title was “The Root of Life”, 1933 ), one of best works Prishvin, in which the “root of life” acts as a multifaceted metaphor, symbolizing the search for “creativity of life”, and the power of passion, and the pain of loss. Realistic and romantic elements, the experienced and the unprecedented, truth and fairy tales, merging, give an alloy of Prishvin’s bright worldview. Talking about a journey through Kostroma and Yaroslavl land in the story “Undressed Spring” ( 1940 ), Prishvin strives to capture the unique features of the changeable face of nature. He creates a genre diary entries– poetic miniatures. The cycle of such miniatures was made up of the prose poem “Phacelia” ( 1940 ), about which the writer said: “This is my song of songs.” Adjacent to it is the cycle “Forest Drops” ( 1940 ).

In September 1941 M. Prishvin's family moved with him to the remote village of Usolye near the city of Pereslavl Zalessky and remained there until the end of the war. In 1943 Mikhail Prishvin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor. During the Great Patriotic War the writer creates “Stories about Leningrad Children” ( 1943 ), "The Tale of Our Time" ( 1945 , published in full 1957 ). In the fairy tale there was “The Pantry of the Sun” ( 1945 ), plot-related to the fairy tale “Ship Thicket” ( 1954 ), Prishvin again strives to “... search and discover the beautiful sides of the human soul in nature.” He shows how the will of people turns into action, how the truth merges with a fairy tale.

From 1946 to 1954 Mikhail Mikhailovich lives at his dacha near Zvenigorod, where the M.M. Museum now operates. Prishvina. IN last years During his life, Prishvin, as always, devoted a lot of energy to his diaries (the book “Eyes of the Earth” was published posthumously, 1957 ). In 1957 The fairy tale novel “Osudareva Road” (begun in the 30s) was published, in which history and modernity meet.

The accuracy of the observations of the artist and naturalist, the intensity of philosophical quests, high moral sense, a language nourished by the juices of folk speech - all this gives Prishvin’s prose an irresistible charm.

From childhood we are taught that nature must be loved and protected, and we must try to preserve its values, which are so necessary for humans. And among the many great Russian writers who touched on the theme of nature in their works, one still stands out from the general background. It's about about Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin, who was called the “old forest man” Russian literature. Love for this writer dates back to junior classes, and many carry it throughout their lives.

Man and nature in the works of Mikhail Prishvin

As soon as you start reading the works of Mikhail Prishvin, you immediately begin to understand their features. They do not have any political overtones that his contemporaries loved so much, there are no bright statements and appeals to society. All works are distinguished by the fact that their main value is the person and the world: nature, life, animals. And these artistic values the writer tries to convey to his reader so that he understands how important unity with nature is.

Prishvin once said: “... I write about nature, but I myself only think about people.” This phrase can be safely called system-forming in his stories, because in them we see an open and thinking person, with with a pure heart talking about true values.

Despite the fact that Prishvin survived several wars and a revolution, he never ceased to praise the man for his desire to understand life from all sides. Of course, his love for nature stands apart, because in his works not only people talk, but also trees and animals. They all help a person, and such help is mutual, which emphasizes unity.

Another person spoke very accurately about Mikhail Mikhailovich at one time great writer- Maksim Gorky. He said that he had never seen such a thing in any of the Russian writers. strong love to nature. And indeed, Prishvin not only loved nature, he tried to learn everything about it and then pass on this knowledge to his reader.

Reasoning about the purity of the human soul

Mikhail Prishvin sincerely believed in people, trying to see only the good and positive in them. The writer believed that over the years a person becomes wiser, he compared people with trees: “... that’s how people exist, they have endured everything in the world, and they themselves become better and better until their death.” And who else but Prishvin, who survived the heavy blows of fate, should know about this.

The writer put mutual assistance at the basis of human relationships, because a person should always find support in his friends and loved ones. He said: “The highest morality is the sacrifice of one’s personality for the benefit of the collective.” However, Prishvin’s love for people could only be matched by his love for nature. Many works are written in such a way that every phrase hides a deep meaning, a discussion about the subtle relationship between man and nature.

"Pantry of the Sun"

Mikhail Prishvin wrote many works during his life that still delight us with their deep meaning. And “Pantry of the Sun” is rightfully considered one of his best creations, because in this work we look at wonderful world through the eyes of two children: brother and sister Mitrasha and Nastya. After the death of their parents, a heavy burden fell on their fragile shoulders, because they had to manage the entire household themselves.

One day the children decided to go into the forest to pick cranberries, taking with them the necessary things. So they reached the Bludov swamp, about which there were legends, and here the brother and sister had to part, because “a rather wide swamp path diverged like a fork.” Nastya and Mitrasha found themselves alone with nature; they had to go through many tests, the main one of which was separation. However, the brother and sister were able to meet each other, and Mitrasha was helped in this by the dog Travka.

“Pantry of the Sun” gives us the opportunity to learn how closely intertwined man and nature are. For example, at the moment of the argument and separation of Mitrasha and Nastya, the melancholy mood was transmitted to nature: even the trees, which had seen a lot in their lifetime, groaned. However, Prishvin’s love for people, his faith in them gave us a happy ending works, because the brother and sister not only met, they were also able to fulfill their plan: to collect cranberries, which “are sour and very healthy that grow in swamps in the summer, and are collected in late autumn.”

, THE USSR

V artistic creativity poetic geography, in the diaries - an understanding of what was happening in the country in the first half of the twentieth century.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin(-) - Russian Soviet writer, author of works about nature, hunting stories, and works for children.

Biography

Works

Film adaptations

• - “The Hut of Old Louvain” (film not preserved)

Literature

• Prishvina V.D. Our home / Artist. V. Pavlyuk. - Ed. 2nd, revised - M.: Young Guard, 1980. - 336, p. - 100,000 copies.(in translation)

Links

• Prishvin, Mikhail Mikhailovich in the library of Maxim Moshkov
• Website of the museum-estate of M. M. Prishvin in Dunino, dedicated to both the work of the writer and the estate itself
• Prishvin's grave (author of the tombstone - S. T. Konenkov)
• Konstantin Paustovsky. Mikhail Prishvin // “Golden Rose”
• Chirkov V.A. Essay “Our...” (2010). Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved September 13, 2010.

Categories:

• Personalities in alphabetical order
• Writers by alphabet
• Born on February 4
• Born in 1873
• Born in Oryol province
• Died on January 16
• Died in 1954
• Died in Moscow
• Publicists in alphabetical order
• Publicists of the USSR
• Publicists of Russia
• Knights of the Order of the Badge of Honor
• Born in Lipetsk region
• Mikhail Prishvin
• Members of the Russian Geographical Society until 1917
• Persons:Pereslavl district
• Persons:Lipetsk region
• Buried at Vvedensky Cemetery
• Writers of Russia in alphabetical order
• Russian writers of the 20th century
• Children's writers of the USSR
• Nature writers
• Authors of famous diaries
• Graduates of the University of Leipzig
• Writers of Russia of the 20th century
• Animal writers

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Prose writer M. M. Prishvin was born on February 4, 1873 in the family estate Khrushchevo-Levshino near Yelets (now Stanovlyansky district), at one time purchased by his grandfather, the successful Yelets merchant Dmitry Ivanovich Prishvin. The family had seven children. The father of the future writer, Mikhail Dmitrievich Prishvin, died early. In 1882, M. M. Prishvin was sent to study at an elementary village school, in 1883 he was transferred to the first grade of the Yeletsk classical gymnasium, and in 1888 he was expelled from the 4th grade for insolence to the teacher V. V. Rozanov.

Already a mature writer, M. M. Prishvin will evaluate the two most important incidents of his gymnasium years: “ Great importance in my life there were two events in childhood and adolescence: the first was an escape from the Yeletsk gymnasium to some beautiful free country Asia, the second - expulsion of me from the Yeletsk gymnasium. The first event subsequently defined me as a traveler, hunter, artist of words and storyteller, the second - as a seeker of good human relations or as a citizen. In this clash of freedom and necessity, my conscious life began.”

Expelled from the gymnasium, Mikhail Prishvin went to the city of Tyumen to live with his mother’s brother I. I. Ignatov, a major Siberian industrialist, where he graduated from the Tyumen Real School. In 1893-1897 he studied at the Riga Polytechnic and became interested in the ideas of Marxism. In 1897, he was arrested for participating in Marxist circles, spent a year in prison, and then was sent into two-year exile in Yelets.

He spent two years in his mother's house, helping her run the household. His agronomic knowledge also came in handy. But the mother insisted that her son complete his education, and since M. M. Prishvin was forbidden to study in Russia, in 1900, having received permission to leave for Germany, he entered the agronomy department of the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Leipzig.

After graduating from the university in 1902, M. M. Prishvin returned to Russia. For some time he worked as an agronomist, but after traveling to the North (through Karelia, the Solovetsky Islands and Scandinavia) in 1906–1907 he seriously turned to literature. In 1906, his first story, “Sashok,” was published; later the books “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds” (1907) and “Behind the Magic Kolobok” (1908) appeared, which helped their author find himself in the center of the literary life of St. Petersburg. The ethnographic component of M. M. Prishvin’s work was also appreciated: in 1910 he was awarded a silver medal of the Imperial Geographical Society and the title of full member of it. In 1912-1914, his first collected works were published in three volumes.

In 1914, after the death of his mother, the writer inherited a land plot in Khrushchevo and planned to build a house there. But the First began World War, and M.M. Prishvin went to the front as a medical orderly and war correspondent.

After the revolution, he returned with his family to Khrushchevo, from where in 1918 they moved to Yelets. Mikhail Mikhailovich began teaching at the former Yeletsk gymnasium, from which he was expelled as a child. He worked as an instructor of public education in the Yelets district, gave lectures at the People's University of Yelets, was the organizer of Soviet archival affairs in the city and district, and headed the library in the village. Stegalovka. These were very difficult years in the writer’s life: instability, lack of food, hunger, and the invasion of Mamontov, who ravaged the city.

In 1920, M. M. Prishvin left Yelets forever. He lived in his wife’s homeland in the Smolensk region, then in the Moscow region; conducted teaching activities, was engaged in hunting and local history.

In 1922, he began writing the autobiographical novel “Kashcheeva Chain”, where he created unique images native estate, Khrushchev's garden, Yelets. Among the diary entries from 1952 there is the following: “And I realized that “Kashcheev’s Chain” is a boy’s song about his homeland.” The novel was published in a seven-volume collected works of the writer (1927-1930).

In the 1930s, Mikhail Mikhailovich traveled a lot: Far East, Khibiny, Solovki, Belomorstroy, as a result of which the story “Ginseng” (1933) was written, the idea of ​​the novel “Osudareva Road” was born.

M. M. Prishvin created unique collections of miniature short stories from the life of nature: “Springs of Berendey”, “Calendar of Nature”, “There Were Hunters”, “Forest Drops”. In 1945, his fairy tale “The Pantry of the Sun” appeared, which received first prize at the competition “ Best book for children”, announced by the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, and which became a textbook work. Yours last piece– the story-fairy tale “The Thicket of the Ship” - the plot continuation of “The Pantry of the Sun” he completed a month before his death.

The feeling of homeland never left the writer: “I wandered among the linden trees all day, and suddenly I remembered Khrushchev. There, too, the air was so easy to breathe. Since then I have not breathed such air, I have not lived in healthy nature, and little by little I forgot that it exists. I lived in the swamps, in the mosquitoes, accepting such nature as virgin, the best... And that’s why, when I came out of the swamps and stood here on the deep soil, where linden trees grow and there are no mosquitoes, it seems to me as if I had returned to Khrushchevo, to the best beautiful place that has never existed in the world.” Mikhail Mikhailovich loved to look at the painting “Khrushchevo”. He wrote in his diary on April 21, 1953: “What is so precious to imagine in this picture?... nothing, a dirty pond... two brick pillars from the gate, a skinny acacia tree, the black earth expanse in the fields and ravines. And nothing, nothing for the prying eye... For myself, there is inexhaustible wealth and every minute everything is new... And there is no end to such moments left in the picture of my childhood.”

Author's works

• Collected works: in 8 volumes / intro. Art. V. D. Prishvina; comment L. A. Kisileva; ill. F.V. Domogatsky. – M.: Khudozh. lit. – 1982-1986.
  • T. 1. Works of 1906-1914. – 1982. – 830 p. : ill., 1 l. portrait
  • T. 2. Kashcheev’s chain: [novel]; Worldly Cup: [story]; Works of 1914-1923 / [comment. V. N. Chuvakova]. – 1982. – 680 p. : ill.
  • T. 3. Works of 1924-1935. – 1983. – 542 p. : ill.
  • T. 4. Works of 1932-1944 / [comment. R. B. Valbe, T. Yu. Khmelnitskaya]. – 1983. – 734 p. : ill.
  • T. 5. Forest drops; Stories about Leningrad children; A Tale of Our Time; Pantry of the sun; Works of 1938-1953 / [comment. V.V. Krugleevskaya, L.P. Platonova]. – 1983. – 486 p. : ill.
  • T. 6. Osudareva road; Ship Thicket / [comment. V.D. Prishvina and others]. – 1984. – 439 p. : ill.
  • T. 7. Nataska Romka: [from the hunting diary 1926-1927]; Eyes of the Earth / [prepared. text and comment. V.V. Krugleevskaya, A.A. Makarova]. – 1984. – 479 p. : ill.
  • T. 8. Diaries, 1905-1954. – 1986. – 759 p.
• [Works]: in 2 volumes / [comp., prepared. texts, commentary L. A. Ryazanova, Ya. Z. Grishina]. – M.: Life and Thought, 2001. – (MSPU Library).
  • Book 1: Worldly Cup. – 636 p. : ill., portrait
  • Book 2: Spring of Light. – 572 p. : ill., portrait
• Favorites. – Moscow: Goslitizdat, 1946. – 554 p.
• Favorites / [comp., postl. and note. I. Motyashova]. – M.: Moskov. worker, 1975. – 351 p. - (School library).
• Favorites. – M.: Pravda, 1977. – 463 p.
• Selected works / [comp., intro. Art. and note. B. S. Dykhanova]. – M.: Pravda, 1988. – 462 p.
• Diaries. 1920-1922 / [comment. Ya. Z. Grishina]. – M.: Moskov. worker, 1995. – 332 p.
• Diaries. – St. Petersburg: Rostock. – 2007.
  • Early diary. 1905-1913. – 2007. – 555 p.
  • 1914–1917 / [prepared. text by L. A. Ryazanova, Y. Z. Grishina; comment Ya. Z. Grishina, V. Yu. Grishina]. – 2007. – 604 p.
  • 1918–1919 / [comment. Ya. Z. Grishina]. – 2008. – 555 p.
  • 1930–1931 / prepared. text by L. A. Ryazanova, Y. Z. Grishina. – 2006. – 701 p. : portrait
  • 1923-1925. – 2009. – 559 p.
  • 1932–1935 / prepared. text by Ya. Z. Grishina; comment Ya. Z. Grishina. – 2009. – 1008 p.
  • 1936-1937. – 2010. – 992 p.
  • 1938-1939. – 2011. – 607 p.
  • 1940-1941. – 2012. – 880 p.
  • 1942-1943. – 2012. – 811 p.

Literature about life and creativity

• Prishvina V.D. Our home: [About M.M. Prishvina] / V.D. Prishvina. – M.: Mol. Guard, 1977. – 334 p.
• Memories of Mikhail Prishvin: collection / [comp. Ya. Z. Grishina, L. A. Ryazanova]. – M.: Sov. writer, 1991. – 366 p. : ill.
• Yeletskaya true story: local historian. Sat. – Yelets: Orius, 1998. – Vol. 6. Part 1. Mikhail Prishvin from Yelets / ed. V. P. Gorlov. – 55 s.
• “The city seemed at first to be just a cathedral” (Prishvinsky Yelets) / G. P. Klimova; The motif of “Turgenev’s Woman” in M. M. Prishvin’s novel “Kashcheev’s Chain” / Yu. B. Yegerman; “Solitary”, “Fallen Leaves” by V. Rozanov and “Diaries” by M. Prishvin / A. M. Streltsov // Literary local history in the Lipetsk region: textbook. allowance. – 2nd ed., revised. and additional – Yelets, 1999. – 215-234.
• Kondratyev E. Literary alley of the village of Stanovoe: [a bust of M. M. Prishvin was opened in the village. Stanovoe; the author is a dace. sculptor N. Kravchenko] // Labor. ‒ 2001. – August 9 – P. 13.
• Mikhail Prishvin: current issues in the study of creative heritage: scientific materials. conf., dedicated 129th anniversary of the writer’s birth. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. I. A. Bunina, 2002. – Issue. 1. – 258 p.
• Fedyukina T. Mikhail Prishvin: return: [about the opening of the monument to M. Prishvin in Yelets on Torgovaya Street 8 September; sculptor N. Kravchenko] // Lipetsk newspaper. – 2002. – September 10.
• Shiryaev Yu. V. Songs of the Black Earth Region: collection. poems: to the 125th anniversary of the birth of fellow countryman Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin / Yu. V. Shiryaev. – Yelets, 2002. – 56 p.
• Varlamov A. N. Prishvin / A. N. Varlamov. – M.: Mol. Guard, 2003. – 848 p. - (Life wonderful people; issue 1048 (848)).
• Mikhail Prishvin: current issues in the study of creative heritage: scientific and practical materials. conf., dedicated 130th anniversary of the writer's birth. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. I. A. Bunina, 2003. – Issue. 2. – 292 p.
• Shmanov E. In Prishvin’s homeland // Lipetsk Land. Historical heritage. Culture and art / ed. A. M. Tarunov. ‒ Lipetsk: NIITsentr, 2003. ‒ P. 172-173. ‒ (Heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation).
• Shakhov V.V. “War and Peace” by Mikhail Prishvin: (diaries and journalism of M.M. Prishvin. 1941-1945) // Essay on the Great Victory: Lipetsk echo of the war / V.V. Shakhov. – Lipetsk: Infol, 2004. – Part 1. – P. 10-13.
• Borisova N.V. Philosophy of Russian cosmism in creative heritage M. Prishvina // Russian literature and philosophy: comprehension of man. – 2004. – Part 2. – P. 129-136.
• Krasnova S. V. Russian national pride, nurtured by the Yelets pedagogical field (I.A. Bunin, M.M. Prishvin, S.N. Bulgakov) // Formation of the cultural and educational environment of the Lipetsk region (Eletsk region). – Yelets, 2004. – P. 188-224.
• Private bussiness. Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich: memoirs of contemporaries / comp. L. A. Ryazanova, Y. Z. Grishina. – St. Petersburg. : Rostock, 2005. – 527 p.
• National and regional “Cosmo-Psycho-Logos” in the artistic world of writers of the Russian Substeppe (I. A. Bunin, E. I. Zamyatin, M. M. Prishvin): scientific reports, articles, essays, notes, abstracts, doc. / answer ed. and comp. N. N. Komlik. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. I. A. Bunina, 2006. – 489 p.
• Bezzubtseva A. The gymnasium period of M. M. Prishvin in the autobiographical novel “Kashcheev’s Chain”, the writer’s diary, memoirs and documents // My Motherland - Lipetsk region: collection. – Lipetsk, 2008. – Issue. 4. – pp. 108-127.
• Mikhail Prishvin: dialogues with the era: all-Russian. scientific conf., dedicated 135th anniversary of the writer's birth. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. I. A. Bunina, 2008. – 258 p.
• Shchukina E.P. Escape to “Asia”: [about M. Prishvin, a high school student in Yelets. gymnasium] // Lipetsk Bulletin of the Archivist: scientific information. Bulletin - Lipetsk. – 2008. – Issue. 13). – P. 101-103.
• Who did the writer's descendants become? : [hon. guest of the conference, dedicated to 135th anniversary of the birth of M. Prishvin, was the granddaughter of the writer N.P. Belyakov] / prepared by. T. Fedyukina // Talisman. – 2008. – March 22 (No. 6). – P. 6.
• Vorobyov N. House of Prishvin's Passions: [Elets. Local historian V. Zausailov discovered new data about the residence of M. Prishvin in Yelets] // Newspaper MG. – 2009. – March 25 (No. 12). – P. 29.
• Kapustina N. Love and Hate of Mikhail Prishvin: [ memorable places in Yelets, associated with the name of the writer] // Talisman. – 2009. – June 20 (No. 12). – P. 7.
• Kukrak S. Prishvin all in childhood and in his homeland // Golden Key. – 2009. – August 4. (No. 16). – pp. 23-25.
• Podoksenov A. M. Mikhail Prishvin: philosophical and worldview contexts of creativity: monograph. / A. M. Podoksenov. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. I.A. Bunina, 2009. – 348 p.
• Lavrenova E. Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin // Eletsky Bulletin. – 2010. – August 16. (No. 32). – P. 14.
• Podoksenov A. M. Mikhail Prishvin and Vasily Rozanov: worldview context of creative dialogue: monograph. / A. M. Podoksenov. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. E. A. Bunina; Kostroma: KSU named after. N. A. Nekrasova 2010. – 395 p.
• Borisova N. “The Leshy of the Russian Logos”: life and creative destiny Mikhail Prishvin // Petrovsky Bridge. – 2011. – No. 1 (Jan.-March). – pp. 130-144.
• Borisova N. Teachers and students: from the chronicle of the Yelets gymnasium // Lipetsk newspaper. – 2011. – May 12. – P. 4.
• Demin R. The writer’s first book: // Red Banner [city. Dace]. – 2012. – April 7.
• Lyapin D. A. Unlucky fugitive // ​​History of Yeletsk district in the 18th – early 20th centuries / D. A. Lyapin. – Saratov: New wind, 2012. – P. 160-162.
• Perevozkina I. Prishvin - writer and agronomist: [some facts about the life and work of M. M. Prishvin from research. work of a school student village Falcon Yelets. district] // In our native land [Eletsk district and the city of Yelets]. – 2012. – October 25.
• Piskulin A. A. From the Substeppe to Pomerania. Yelets region and Vygovsky region - historical regions Russia in the works of I. A. Bunin and M. M. Prishvin: monograph. / A. A. Piskulin. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. I. A. Bunina, 2012. – 241 p.
• Podoksenov A. M. Art world Mikhail Prishvin in the context of the ideological discourse of Russian culture of the 20th century: monograph. / A. M. Podoksenov. – Yelets: Yelets State University named after. E. A. Bunina; Kostroma: KSU named after. N. A. Nekrasova, 2012. – 334 p.

Reference materials

• Brief literary encyclopedia. – M., 1971. – T. 6. – P. 23-24.
• Big Soviet encyclopedia. – M., 1975. – T. 20. – P. 604.
• Vladimir encyclopedia. – Vladimir, 2002. – P. 353.
• Lipetsk encyclopedia. – Lipetsk, 2001. – T. 3. – P. 110-111.
• Glorious names of the land of Lipetsk: biogr. reference about the known writers, scientists, educators, artists. – Lipetsk, 2007. – pp. 73-75.
• Russian Soviet prose writers: biobibliogr. decree. – L., 1964. – T. 3. – P. 684-736.
• Russian writers, twentieth century: biobibliogr. words – M., 1998. – Part 2. – P. 224-230.
• Russian writers of the 20th century: biogr. words – M., 2000. – P. 573-575.
• Russian writers. 1800-1917: biogr. words – M., 2007. – T. 5. – P. 142-151.
• “... Mikhail Prishvin from Yelets...” // Gorlov Viktor Petrovich: personal page website "Elets and Yelets". - Access mode:

And, like the unsurpassed Aivazovsky in writing seascapes, he is unique in his own way literary skill V artistic description nature. Schoolchildren have been studying his work since the third grade and know who Prishvin is. A biography for children can be quite interesting, because he traveled a lot and saw many different amazing phenomena in nature. He wrote all this down in his diaries, so that he could later draw original material from there to create his next story or novella. Hence such liveliness and naturalness of the images he describes. It’s not for nothing that Prishvin was called a singer

Prishvin. Biography for children

Was born future writer Mikhail Prishvin in 1873 in a merchant family in the village of Khrushchevo, Yelets district, Oryol province. His father died when he was 7 years old, and together with Misha, his mother was left with six more children. First the boy graduated rural school, then studied at the Yeletsk gymnasium, but he was expelled from there for disobedience to the teacher.

Then he went to Tyumen to visit his uncle Ignatov, who at that time was a major industrialist in harsh Siberian places. There, young Prishvin graduated from the Tyumen Real School. In 1893 he entered the Riga Polytechnic in the chemical and agricultural department. Since 1896, young Prishvin begins to get involved in political circles, in particular Marxist ones, for which he was arrested in 1897 and sent to exile in hometown Dace.

The path to literature

In 1900, Mikhail Prishvin went to study in Germany at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Agronomic Department. After a while he returns to Russia and works as an agronomist in Tula province and then in the Moscow province of the city of Luga in the laboratory of Professor D. Pryanishnikov, then at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy. And then he becomes the secretary of a major St. Petersburg official, whom he helps compile agricultural literature. And just before the revolution, he became a correspondent for such domestic publications as “Russian Vedomosti”, “Morning of Russia”, “Rech”, “Den”.

During the First World War, Prishvin was taken to the front as an orderly and a war correspondent. After the revolution of 1917, he combined the work of a teacher at the Yeletsk gymnasium (it was from which he was once expelled) and carried out local history work as an agronomist. Prishvin even becomes involved in organizing a museum of estate life in the city of Dorogobuzh, on the former estate of Baryshnikov.

Prishvin's work (briefly)

Mikhail Prishvin begins his literary activity in 1906 from the story “Sashok”. Then he goes on a trip to the Russian North (Karelia) and at the same time becomes seriously interested in local folklore and ethnography. And in 1907 it appeared under the title “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds.” She represented travel notes, compiled by the writer from his numerous observations of nature and wild life northern peoples. This book brought him great fame. The writer was awarded a medal of the Imperial Geographical Society and even became its honorary member. This is how Prishvin’s creativity began to bear fruit. It’s no longer so easy to write about it briefly.

Literary talent

His magnificent, masterful stories always harmoniously combined scientific inquisitiveness, poetry of nature and even natural philosophy. The list of Prishvin’s works expanded throughout his life magnificent works, such as “Behind the Magic Kolobok” (1908), “The Black Arab” (1910), etc. The writer Prishvin occupied a special niche in literature and was a member of the circle of famous St. Petersburg writers such as A. Blok, A. Remizov, D. Merezhkovsky. From 1912 to 1914, the first collected works of M. M. Prishvin appeared in three volumes. Maxim Gorky himself contributed to the publication of his books.

The list of Prishvin’s works continues to grow; in 1920-1930 his books “Shoes”, “Springs of Berendey”, the story “Ginseng” and many other wonderful works were published. The most interesting thing is that deep penetration into the life of nature made myths and fairy tales, as it were, a self-evident branch in the writer’s work. Prishvin's fairy tales are unusually lyrical and beautiful. They color the artistic palette of his rich literary heritage. Prishvin's children's stories and fairy tales carry timeless wisdom, turning some images into multi-valued symbols.

Children's stories and fairy tales

M.M. travels a lot and constantly works on his books. Prishvin. His biography is more reminiscent of the life of some biologist and natural geographer. But it was precisely in such interesting and fascinating research that his beautiful stories, many of which were not even invented, but simply masterfully described. And only Prishvin could do it this way. The biography for children is interesting precisely because he devotes many of his stories and fairy tales to the young reader, who, during the period of his mental development, will be able to learn some useful experience from a book he reads.

Mikhail Mikhailovich has an amazing worldview. His extraordinary literary vigilance helps him in his work. He collects many children's stories in his books “The Chipmunk Beast” and “Fox Bread” (1939). In 1945, “The Pantry of the Sun” appeared - a fairy tale about children who, because of their quarrels and grievances, fell into the clutches of terrible mshars (swamps), who were saved by a hunting dog.

Diaries

Why was the writer M.M. such a success? Prishvin? His biography indicates that his best assistant was the diary he kept throughout his life. Every day he wrote down everything that at that moment worried and inspired the writer, all his thoughts about the time, about the country and about society.

At first, he shared the idea of ​​revolution and perceived it as a spiritual and moral cleansing. But over time, he realizes the disastrousness of this path, since Mikhail Mikhailovich saw how Bolshevism was not far from fascism, that every person of the newly formed totalitarian state the threat of arbitrariness and violence loomed.

Prishvin, like many others Soviet writers, he had to make compromises that humiliated and depressed his morale. There is even an interesting entry in his diary, where he admits: “I buried my personal intellectual and became who I am now.”

Discussions about culture as the salvation of all humanity

Then he discussed in his diary that decent life can be supported only when it is provided by culture, which meant trust in another person. In his opinion, among cultural society It is possible for an adult to live like a child. He also argues that kindred sympathy and understanding are not just ethnic foundations, but great benefits that are bestowed on man.

On January 3, 1920, the writer Prishvin describes his feelings of hunger and poverty to which the power of the Soviets brought him. Of course, you can live in spirit if you yourself are the voluntary initiator of this, but it’s another matter when you are made unhappy against your will.

Singer of Russian nature

Since 1935, the writer Prishvin has been traveling around the Russian North again. Biography for children can be very educational. She introduces them to incredible journeys, as she made them brilliant writer and on ships, and on horses, and on boats, and on foot. During this time he observes and writes a lot. After such a journey the light saw him A new book"Berendeev's Thicket".

During the Great Domestic writer was evacuated to Yaroslavl region. In 1943, he returned to Moscow and wrote the stories “Forest Drop” and “Phacelia”. In 1946, he bought himself a small mansion in Dunino, Moscow Region, where he lived mainly in the summer.

In the middle of winter 1954, Mikhail Prishvin dies of stomach cancer. He is buried in Moscow at the Vvedensky cemetery.