Absolute ear for music refers to what abilities. Online game "Perfect pitch"

Absolute pitch is the ability not only to hear different sounds and distinguish notes, it is also a whole world inaccessible to the average person. There are not many creatures in nature that have such capabilities, and bats are one of them.

Their absolute hearing helps them see even in pitch darkness through emission and reception, which, after traveling a certain distance, are reflected from objects and return back. This phenomenon has been scientifically defined as acoustic vision; it is the idea behind the film about the blind superhero Daredevil, who, having lost one of his senses, developed the rest.

Why is this necessary? Absolute pitch will give the one who owns it not only the ability to “see blindly,” but will also increase his sensory capabilities significantly. Such a person would be extremely accurate, fast and intelligent as a result of constant processing of auditory information. It's simple.

Development absolute pitch

There are several techniques through which you can develop these abilities, and now we will talk about one of them. Not long ago, the creator of the world of superheroes, Stan Lee, organized own group on finding people with unusual abilities, he made a full-fledged film about it

As it turns out, there are people who can bend metal objects without having huge muscles. A person who can be run over by a car without consequences. A samurai cutting a bullet from an air pistol in half with a sword, and many others. Among them also stood out a man who was blind from birth, but could see the world no worse than any sighted person. He can drive a car and even ride a bicycle on a par with full-fledged people, just from time to time making clicking sounds reminiscent of clicks.

From this we can conclude that a common person is able to develop absolute pitch if he trains day after day and deprives himself of vision for several hours by wearing a regular blindfold. Thus, soon the body gets used to using our brain and learns to use no worse than visual images.

The bandage should be from thick fabric black, best with special foam pads for the eyes. The ideal option would be to use a special sleep bandage. At first, don't try to do too much complex actions, just walk around the apartment or in the yard, identifying objects by echoes of sound. In order to make sounds, you will have to choose the best method for you: you can use a stick, a cane, or click your tongue, whichever is more convenient for you.

Development of musical hearing in children

By the way, the same technique will help develop in a child. If we exclude from it music lessons(be it a violin, piano or guitar) factor of vision, the child’s brain will begin to adapt to the conditions external environment, thanks to which it will improve not only ear for music, but also auditory memory, as well as sensory accuracy.

Absolute pitch Etymology.

Comes from Lat. absolutus - unlimited.

Characteristics of musical hearing.

Ability to precise definition the heights of sounds without correlating them with other heard or sung sounds that have a known pitch. The accuracy of absolute pitch is greatest in the middle registers and lowest in the extreme registers. Most often appears in preschool and early childhood school age.

With passive absolute hearing, the pitch of an audible sound is correctly determined, but it cannot be reproduced by voice according to a given name;

With active absolute pitch, sounds can be both named and reproduced by their pitch.

Differs from pseudo-absolute pitch.

Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000.

ABSOLUTE HEARING

(English) absolute pitch,perfect pitch) - the ability to correctly determine (name) and reproduce with a voice the pitch of individual sounds without correlating them with other sounds whose pitch is known.

A. s. - this is not absolute development musical ear in general, but special shape perception of sounds. Persons without A. s. at certain conditions can recognize the pitch of tones well, for example, by comparing a given sound with the highest or lowest sound of their own voice (so-called pseudo-absolute pitch). Persons with A. s. can recognize and correctly name musical tones without auxiliary pitch relations and “internal singing.”

According to researchers, the determination time pitches in people with A. s. significantly shorter than those who do not have this ability (from 0.4 to 0.7 s for the former and several seconds for the latter). Accuracy A. s. maximum in the middle registers and minimum in the extreme registers.

A distinction is made between passive audibility, when the subject correctly determines the pitch of an audible sound, but cannot reproduce it in a voice according to a given name, and active apology, when he can both name and reproduce sounds according to their height.

A. s. usually detected in early school years, sometimes in preschool age.

Large psychological dictionary. - M.: Prime-EVROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .

See what “absolute pitch” is in other dictionaries:

ABSOLUTE HEARING- ABSOLUTE HEARING, the ability to recognize A. the pitch of an audible sound. With this A. s. differs from relative hearing, the owner of which correctly recognizes the intervals between audible sounds, i.e. their relative location in the scale, but not in ... ... Great Medical Encyclopedia

absolute pitch- musical talent, musicality, hearing Dictionary of Russian synonyms. absolute pitch noun, number of synonyms: 3 musical talent (3) ... Synonym dictionary

ABSOLUTE HEARING- see art. Musical hearing... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

absolute pitch- (music) – hearing, immediately, directly determining the pitch of any tone. Big dictionary foreign words. Publishing house "IDDK", 2007 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Absolute Pitch- the ability to accurately determine the pitch of sounds without correlating them with other heard or sung sounds that have a known pitch. Most often appears in preschool and early school age. Absolute pitch accuracy... Psychological Dictionary

Absolute pitch- Absolute hearing ability to determine absolute altitude musical sounds. It is expressed in the ability to determine the pitch ( musical note) of any given sound without resorting to comparison with sounds of a known pitch. Most often... ... Wikipedia

absolute pitch- see Musical hearing. * * * ABSOLUTE HEARING ABSOLUTE HEARING, see Art. Musical hearing (see MUSICAL HEARING) ... encyclopedic Dictionary

ABSOLUTE HEARING- (auditory memory), a term to denote a person’s ability to perceive tones, and more specifically, the ability to recognize the pitch of each tone, i.e. frequency of these sound vibrations. Often absolute or quasi-absolute pitch are... ... Collier's Encyclopedia

absolute pitch- (auditory memory) a term to denote a person’s ability to perceive tones, and more specifically, the ability to recognize the pitch of each tone, i.e. the frequency of these sound vibrations. Often absolute or quasi-absolute pitch are... ... Russian index k English-Russian dictionary in musical terminology

absolute pitch- absoliuti klausa statusas T sritis švietimas apibrėžtis Įgimtas gebėjimas skirti ir atkurti muzikos garsų aukštį. Absoliuti klausa ypač reikalinga pasirinkusiems dainavimo specialybę. atitikmenys: engl. absolute ear; perfect ear vok. das absolute... Enciklopedinis edukologijos žodynas

Books

• Absolute ear for music. Essence, nature, genesis, method of formation and development, Berezhansky Pavel Nikolaevich. This book gives scientific explanation the phenomenon of absolute pitch. Analysis of the results of previously conducted research and the author’s own theoretical and experimental work led to... Buy for 498 rubles
• Absolute ear for music. Essence, nature, genesis, method of formation and development: textbook. 2nd edition, corrected and expanded, Berezhansky P.N. This book provides a scientific explanation of the phenomenon of absolute pitch. Analysis of the results of previous studies and the author’s own theoretical and experimental work led to...

Online game"Absolute pitch"

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For technical reasons, we no longer create a table of records, so you DO NOT need to enter data at the end of the game...

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We do not issue DIPLOMAS and we apologize :-(

The game includes the first 33 questions from of this list. The entire list of 55 questions (from 34 to 55 chips with a stave) is presented in full version of this game included in the program.

Alexey Ustinov, 2011-12-30

Game updated 2013-11-30

Teacher's comment

Absolute ear for music - the ability to determine the pitch of a tone, regardless of other tones, i.e. without comparing sounds with each other and, as a result, assigning a note name to this sound. The nature of this phenomenon has not been sufficiently studied in musicological circles and, apparently, is therefore represented by different points of view. But it is even less familiar to practicing teachers. At the same time, the skill of “absolute musical ear” constantly remains the focus of both interest and controversy among almost all musicians. It is generally accepted that all string players (violinists, cellists) have such hearing, but this is not so! On the contrary, it seems that the pianist does not need it at all - however, those who master this skill say that it helps a lot, for example, when reading scores... Another often discussed question is whether it can be developed, or is it something... is it innate?...

What to do with a child who easily picks out any melody and does not want to look at the sheet music at all? How to develop hearing for a student who knows well music symbols but can play false notes, memorizes them and the teacher cannot help him in any way?

One day, my second grade student asked me to play him Gennady Sasko’s play “Blues,” which was quite complex in rhythm, with a passage at the end. I played it three times... and at the next lesson he played the Blues without notes and at the same tempo as the piece was played. The case of this boy was for me an example of my incompetence in working with a gifted student with absolute pitch... I have not encountered many children with absolute pitch in my teaching practice. And most often such children did not finish music school. From the very beginning, they could remember and play the pieces by hand, “by ear,” but reading a complex text caused resistance in them and, as a result, they lost interest in learning.

In other words, the skill of “absolute pitch” is not something separate in the learning process, clearly positive or negative. Both its presence and absence require additional attention from the teacher and a special approach to the student. Still, this skill is extremely desirable!

To help my students, and to avoid repeating the mistakes of my youth, I am now using S.M. Maltsev’s method. - author of a comprehensive methodology for teaching piano playing, as well as solfegging, synchronous with piano playing. This method helps me identify children with well-developed hearing already in the first year of education and constantly work with them by reading notes from a sheet.

For most students and those who want to master musical wisdom, it is easy to learn and play their favorite melodies on the piano or guitar, they still need to develop their hearing. And the game "Perfect Pitch" is an excellent tool for this. It is suitable for all ages.

Small children, who cannot even read, will guess the right answer from the pictures. (You just need to help them - first play the game NOTES - PICTURES so that the child gets acquainted with the notes hidden in in simple words: HOUSE, TURNIP. There, he will become acquainted with the sound of notes.).

Older children and adults, while playing, will discover that they HAVE absolute pitch and that this skill is developing - verified!

Of course, someone might say that there are no halftones in the game (more precisely, a full chromatic scale). Yes, the game only includes white piano keys, i.e. in fact, we are in a major (C) or minor (LA) mode... Someone may note that the degrees of the mode and intervals play a role here... Absolutely right! But, start with simple tasks, achieve confident recognition of these notes, and you will take a big step in improving your musical ear. Believe me, you will get great pleasure from discovering that you can identify the name of a note by ear!

Krivopalova L.N.
Piano teacher, Palace of Children and Youth Creativity, Tomsk
01.05.2011

The Virartek team expresses gratitude to Lyubov Nikolaevna Krivopalova, who received Active participation in the creation of this game and in its testing. THANK YOU! Good luck to you and your students!

Absolute pitch is special way perception of sounds. A person with absolute pitch determines the frequency of a sound without comparing it with others, without singing them to himself. This quality distinguishes absolute pitch from relative hearing, in which a person identifies a sound by comparing it with others.

Absolute translated from the Latin absolutes means “unlimited.” There are passive and active absolute pitch.

With passive absolute pitch, a person easily determines the pitch of a musical sound, but is unable to reproduce it with his voice. Active absolute pitch does not have such a limitation; the owner of this quality can identify the sound and sing with his voice.

People with active absolute pitch - absolutes - differ from each other in the speed of determination, the frequency range of perception of sounds, and the ability to identify sounds of different sound timbres.

Features of the sound range

A person distinguishes sound vibrations in the frequency range from 16 Hz to 20,000 Hz. High-frequency sounds are fully perceived in childhood; with age, the upper limit decreases.

A person with absolute pitch perceives sounds in the normal range, but has the ability to accurately distinguish sounds of different frequencies, not over the entire range of audible sound vibrations, but in a certain area.

The highest accuracy of sound recognition corresponds to the middle register, decreasing towards the edges of the frequency range.

The middle register includes the small, first, and second octaves. The speech range also lies in the middle register, middle part range – first octave.

Sound standard

In 1939, at the International Conference in London, a standard for tuning was adopted musical instruments Worldwide. The standard of sound, by which all musicians in the world still compare their actions today, is the sound of the note “A”, corresponding to a frequency of 440 Hz.

Pseudo-absolute, harmonic, inner hearing

In addition to absolute pitch, there is pseudo-absolute pitch. In this method of sound recognition, a person compares the external sound with the sound of his own voice. The reference for determining the sound can be the highest or the highest low sound own voice.

Another feature of people with absolute pitch is the ability to recognize sounds when they sound simultaneously. This kind of hearing is called harmonic. Absolutists accurately name the number of sounds in a harmonic chord and recognize each of them.

It is important for a musician to have not only good absolute and relative perception of sounds, but also developed internal hearing.

This quality is based on musical experience, the ability to think musical images, represent the harmony of the musical work as a whole.

Inner hearing is based on musical talent, improves throughout your life. Such famous composers, like Beethoven, Smetana, who suffered from deafness at the end of their lives, wrote music using exclusively their inner hearing.

Absolute pitch and musical ability

The absolute ability to recognize sound frequencies is always innate, but in order for it to manifest itself, a person must first hear sounds. The frequency of a heard sound is stored in memory without changes throughout life. W. A. ​​Mozart is considered the first known absolutist.

With age, absolute pitch is not lost, but according to some data, it improves. There is an innate ability of absolute recognition of sounds with an average frequency of 1: 10,000. Among professional musicians this ability is observed more often, in about one in several dozen people.

The number of absolutes is higher among peoples with tonal languages. These languages ​​include Japanese and Vietnamese.

The inhabitants of these countries are musical, love and understand music. However, the number of composers in these countries is on average no higher than in European countries.

The fact is that absolute pitch is not a guarantee of musical talent. By analogy with literature, it is not enough to recognize colors to draw, or to know letters to become a writer.

Is it possible to achieve absolute pitch through training?

An absolute speaker differs from a person with a relative ear for music in the ability to retain the frequency of sound in memory. The external sound entering the auditory analyzer is compared with the frequencies available in the absolute memory and the closest value is selected.

Absolutely perfect sound External sound is difficult to achieve. In fact, even the standard note “A” is not reproduced at a frequency of 440 Hz, but with a slight error. The error range or pitch zone is 435-445 Hz.

With special training, an ordinary person, if desired, can get as close as possible to the ability to distinguish sounds with absolute accuracy.

Perhaps not everyone will be able to achieve the speed of recognition and accuracy of sound determination characteristic of absolute pitch, but everyone can bring their musical ear closer to the desired ideal.

A prerequisite for starting classes must be the presence of a relative ear for music. This method of sound recognition can be developed to perfection and correspond to the level of absolute sound recognition.

Exist special programs– Ear Power, Earope, allowing you to improve your hearing on your own. Those wishing to improve their absolute pitch are offered courses where, under the guidance of a trainer, they learn step by step the skill of recognizing musical sounds.

Known big number successful, outstanding composers who did not have absolute pitch from birth and honed their skills in professional activities.

Disadvantages of absolute pitch

Outstanding qualities do not always bring only one benefit to the owner. Absolute pitch in ordinary life even creates some inconvenience.

Thus, absolutes hear any false note. Dissonance hurts the ear, distracts, and brings a hint of displeasure to classes. Absolute pitch detects false notes in the sound of an orchestra at a concert, church singing in a temple, and the sounds of ordinary singing in karaoke cause shock.

In addition, pure absolute pitch without developed relative pitch will allow a person to sight-play complex musical works, ideal for tuning instruments, but will not allow you to write music. A person with absolute pitch but undeveloped relative pitch perceives musical sounds separately, does not feel their mutual attraction and harmony.

Absolute pitch is discovered when playing music, trains and develops throughout life, and does not weaken with age. Musical ability Human skills consist of the ability to accurately distinguish the pitch of a sound, the ability to determine the timbre, duration, relative height and intensity of sounds.

It's hard to imagine good athlete without strong muscles and excellent physical training, a good speaker without the ability to speak beautifully and speak freely in front of an audience. Yes and good musician is unthinkable without a developed ear for music, which includes a whole range of abilities necessary for successful essay, expressive performance and active perception of music.

Depending on the musical characteristics exist different types musical ear. For example, pitch, timbre, modal, internal, harmonic, melodic, intervallic, rhythmic, etc. But one of the most inexplicable is still absolute pitch. Let's figure out what this mysterious phenomenon is.

The name of this type of hearing comes from Latin word absolutus, which translated means “unconditional, independent, unlimited, perfect.” Absolute pitch refers to “the ability to determine the exact pitch of a sound without relating it to another sound whose pitch is known” (Grove Dictionary). That is, absolute pitch allows, without adjustment, without comparison with any “standard” of height, to instantly, and most importantly, accurately recognize and name the pitch of audible sounds.

Interestingly, the concept of absolute pitch appeared only in the second half of the 19th century. And since that time, scientific minds have been trying to find an answer to the question: “Where does a person get such a unique ability?” Researchers have put forward a variety of hypotheses regarding the origin of absolute pitch. However, there is no clear answer to this question today so no. Some scientists consider it an innate (and also inherited) acoustic-physiological ability, which depends on anatomical features hearing aid (more precisely, the structure of the inner ear). Others associate absolute pitch with special mechanisms of the brain, in the cortex of which there are special formant detectors. Still others suggest that absolute pitch is formed due to strong sound impressions in very early childhood and well developed especially in childhood period“photographic” figurative-auditory memory.

Absolute pitch is a rather rare phenomenon even among professional musicians, not to mention ordinary connoisseurs. musical art who may not even know that nature has awarded them with this rare gift. Determining whether you have absolute pitch or not is quite simple. To “diagnose” this ability, experts use a piano, on which you will be asked to identify and name a particular sound. But to cope with this task, you need to at least know the names of the notes themselves and how they sound. Therefore, as a rule, absolute pitch is discovered in early childhood: in children at about 3-5 years of age, usually after becoming familiar with the names of musical sounds.

Absolute pitch is especially important for such musical professions, as a conductor, composer, performer on instruments with unfixed tuning (for example, stringed instruments), since it allows you to more subtly perceive the pitch of the sound and more accurately control the tuning. And having perfect pitch won’t do any harm to an amateur musician: choosing chords for familiar melodies is, of course, much easier for those with perfect pitch.

But along with undeniable advantages (primarily for professional musicians), this unique ability also has its disadvantages. In certain cases, absolute pitch can become a real test, especially for those who are familiar with the basics musical literacy. For example, you are sitting in a restaurant during a romantic date. And instead of enjoying the conversation or the aroma delicious dishes under a quiet background sounding music cherished notes periodically “float” in your mind: “la, fa, mi, re, mi, salt, do...”. Not everyone in such a situation is able to “switch off” and focus their attention on the interlocutor.

In addition, it is difficult to find a worse torture for an absolute student than listening to an even inspired performance of a work by those who are “absolutely deaf.” Indeed, with such abilities, a person not only hears the exact pitch of the sound, but also absolutely accurately determines falsehood, the slightest deviations from the correct reference sound. One can only sincerely sympathize with the absolutist during the concert sound of the joint playing of poorly tuned instruments (especially strings) or uncoordinated “dirty” ensemble singing.

By and large, it is not so important whether you have absolute pitch or not. But if you decide to devote yourself to music, and maybe even become a first-class professional musician, then a good ear for music is vital for you. Its development should henceforth become a purposeful and regular action for you. Classes in a special discipline - solfeggio - can help in this difficult matter. But the ear for music develops especially actively in the process musical activity: during singing, playing an instrument, selecting by ear, improvising, composing music.

And most importantly, friends, learn to listen and understand music! Listen to every sound with love and reverence, sincerely enjoy the beauty of every consonance, in order to further give happiness and joy from communicating with music to your grateful listeners!!!