The image of Katerina is a protest against the autocratic feudal despotism. A.N. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm” Katerina’s protest against the “dark kingdom”

Lesson 34. Topic: Katerina’s protest against “ dark kingdom" What is the tragedy of the heroine and is her death accidental?

Goals:

1. cultivate self-esteem, the ability to objectively evaluate the actions of other people, including literary characters.
2. develop skills of coherent monologue statements.
3. teach to analyze the character's image, highlight the features of speech characteristics.

This is how I was born, hot!

(Katerina. From A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”)

DURING THE CLASSES

I. ORGANIZATIONAL MOMENT

Setting the goal of the lesson: in this lesson we will talk about the image main character Ostrovsky's drama, let's find out what her tragedy was and think about whether her death was accidental?

II. CONVERSATION WITH THE CLASS

A) At home you should have described Katerina. What are her character traits?

Katerina does not know how to lie or be a hypocrite, she is not inclined to deceive anyone, to pretense, she is characterized by meekness and fidelity. But for all her meekness, she is a fighter: she cannot and does not want to submit to the inhabitants of the “dark kingdom”, she does not want to adapt to life through lies. All her feelings and motives are sincere and open.

The meaning of the name “Katerina” should also be taken into account.

Catherine - the name has ancient Greek roots and comes from the word “katharios”, which means “pure”, “purebred”, “immaculate”, “impeccable”, “simple”, “purest”. All meanings of the name are implemented in the character's character.

While reading, you noticed Katerina’s attitude to work, to religion, to family life. What can you say about this?

Living in her parents’ house, Katerina loved to work and do handicrafts, but this work was “not under pressure.” Katerina’s attitude towards faith and religiosity largely boil down to a feeling of religious ecstasy in church, when the heroine is impressed by the external side of the Christian religion: ritualism.

I wanted to find love and harmony in family life, but this does not work. She doesn’t love her husband (although she tries), because “there’s nothing to love him for,” but she regrets. It should also be taken into account that Katerina did not marry for love, but, like most girls of that time, because Tikhon was a fairly profitable match.

So, we have identified and recorded the main character traits of Katerina: meekness, inability to lie, manifestation of self-esteem; we talked about her attitude to work, religion and family, now let's talk aboutWhat was Katerina's life like in her parents' house before her marriage?(d. 1, appearance 7)

“like a bird in the wild,” “mama doted on her soul,” “didn’t force me to work,” she did needlework, looked after flowers, went to church, listened to the stories of pilgrims and pilgrims, and walked in the garden.

Katerina talks about flying more than once, comparing herself to a bird. What could this mean?

She wants freedom. And flight in this sense is the flight of the soul. Katerina is also a freedom-loving person.

What new qualities can we identify by analyzing her monologue (D. 1, Rev. 7)?Dreaminess, poetry.

B) Why can we call Katerina a poetic person?She talks about visits to church, about her dreams, talks with enthusiasm, using means of expression folk poetic language, vernacular; her speech is enlivened by various intonations, which is a manifestation of emotions, impressions of what she saw, Katerina does not seek to hide everything in herself, she is open to this world, there is also a lot in her speech rhetorical questions and exclamations, often the sentences are unfinished, the speech is similar to a song in its melody, a work of folk art.

IN) Life in the husband's house (2, 3, 10).How is life for Katerina in the Kabanovs’ house?

“I’m completely withered here,” “yes, everything here seems to be from under captivity,” “it’s stuffy.” The atmosphere reigning in the Kabanovs' house is fear. Everything is based on the orders of the mother-in-law, who is characterized by hypocrisy and hypocrisy.

We see how the girl’s life changes dramatically. How the atmosphere of her husband’s house and the entire city of Kalinov has a detrimental effect on her.

Why does Katerina pay attention to Boris? Is it only because of the unbearably harsh living conditions, because of the endless oppression of the mother-in-law?

Katerina feels the need to love - to be loved and to give her love to someone. But she doesn’t feel such feelings for her husband, just like he himself, they don’t have children, although she dreams of children.

He pays attention to Boris because he is different from other residents of the city of Kalinov. He is intelligent, somewhat timid, educated, different from his ignorant husband. And all the thirst for love, independence, will is manifested in Katerina’s love for Boris.

What interferes with Katerina on the path to happiness, what stops her?Prejudice, reluctance to lie, cheat, commit sin.

Did Katerina overcome them? Which artistic detail is a symbol of her mental struggle, struggle with yourself?

She defeated all prejudices by agreeing to meet with Boris. But this was not easy for Katerina. A symbol of internal struggle is the key to the gate.

Let's see how the heroine's struggle with herself went. Provide quotes to prove this.

On the one hand, she did not want to meet Boris, she did not want to break the oath given to her husband. (“This is ruin!”, “Quit!”), but her thirst for love and freedom takes over (“Apparently fate itself wants this.”, “Why am I deceiving myself!”) Thus, we can say,that love for Boris is a manifestation of will. Refusal of it (love) would imply complete submission to the world of the Kabanovs and Wild.

But does Katerina find freedom?

On the one hand, yes, she is free to do what her “hot heart” calls for, and on the other, the voice of conscience does not leave the heroine, having embarked on the path of betrayal, she, a pure nature, has already died. But even so, one cannot help but note one more feature of Katerina - determination (“I don’t want to live here, I won’t, even if you cut me!”).

Thus, we can say that having fallen in love with Boris, agreeing to meet with him, she has already declared her protest against the musty moral foundations of the Kalinovsky society, she is already saying that there is no turning back. Will she be able to return to her former slave, “stuffy” life again?!

G) Why does Katerina repent? (D. 4, Rev. 6)

Why does she reveal her secret to everyone, because she has a living example of unpunished deception before her eyes (Varvara)?

In a conversation with Varvara, Katerina says: “I don’t know how to deceive, I can’t hide anything.”“I was born this way, hot” - what does this phrase mean?

Katerina is a hero guided by her heart. Therefore, he belongs to a number of Ostrovsky’s characters called “warm hearts.”

In Christianity, repentance is purification. Sometimes some of us go to church for confession, to repent of our sins, which the Lord will forgive, and cleansing will come to us. Does purification come to Katerina?

Katerina repents before her husband, before her mother-in-law, but it doesn’t make her feel any better - cleansing doesn’t come, because she still loves Boris and is unable to change her feelings.

How is Boris behaving?He seems to remain aloof from the drama that happened. His behavior is rational, does not make rash conclusions and does not make rash decisions. He was unable to help Katerina change her life, free her from the oppression of the “dark kingdom”.

Let's turn to the stage last date Katerina and Boris (no. 5, appearance 3). Here everyone shows their qualities to a greater extent.

Boris is weak-willed. He meekly submits to his uncle's will, fearing to lose his favor and, consequently, his share of the inheritance. He goes to say goodbye to “the place,” but not to Katerina. He calls himself a “free bird” - the complete opposite of Katerina. And Boris does not risk his freedom for her. In addition, he complains about fate: “It would be better for me to run away then.” He doesn’t want to take Katerina with him, she would be a burden for him in this situation, because Katerina suffers for two people, and he suffers solely for himself. The determination of a young woman (“Let everyone know, let everyone see what I’m doing. If I wasn’t afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid human court!”) emphasizes the weakness and cowardice of her chosen one: “If only they wouldn’t find us here!”

Boris leaves Katerina with the words “I would die sooner.” Why does he say this, does he, who is immensely loved by Katerina, really wish her death?

Boris also sees the hopelessness of her situation. He rejects one chance to save her - to take her with him. Katerina cannot leave her husband, since at that time she could have been returned through the police.

What remains for Katerina? Live in your husband's house, be despised by everyone?

D) Let's turn to the resolution of the conflict. Katerina dies.How do you feel about her death? Is this the only way out?Please note that she was a religious girl, and suicide is the most terrible sin! Doesn’t even this stop the heroine of Ostrovsky’s play?

The death of the heroine is a protest. Since staying alive would mean reconciling yourself, suppressing your feelings, giving up your will, becoming a slave to tyrants, erasing your self-esteem - becoming a weak-willed creature.

Thus, Katerina’s death is a protest against the “dark kingdom”, it is an affirmation of the power of human freedom.

Let’s draw a conclusion, based on everything that was discussed today in class: what is Katerina’s tragedy, is her death accidental?

Katerina could not come to terms with and obey the laws of the “dark kingdom”. Having embarked on the path of treason, she had already died. This state of affairs is not for her pure soul. Suicide is both victory and punishment. We can condemn the heroine, we can sympathize with her, but she had no other choice.

LESSON CONCLUSION

(on record): tragic ending dramas are Katerina’s protest against Kabanov’s concepts of morality, this is an affirmation of the power of human freedom, his victory over prejudices, this is an affirmation of will and self-esteem. Katerina’s tragedy is not that while her husband was alive, she gave her heart to another person, but that she had no one else to give to the feeling that was burning her. She fell in love with Boris in the “desolation”. It's not what ruins her Forbidden love to Boris, and the search for her. Katerina’s death is an inevitable outcome for the “warm heart.”

III. HOMEWORK.

Group assignments:

1. First group: analysis of the scene of the 1st date (d3, episode 3) and conclusion.
2. Second group: analysis of the thunderstorm scene (D.4 yavl1,4,6), its symbolic meaning.
3. Third group: analysis d.5 – phenomenon 2

Katerina's death - protest or humility, a feat of the soul or its confusion, weakness?

Katerina's protest against the “dark kingdom”

Whole, honest, sincere, she is incapable of lies and falsehood, which is why in a cruel world where wild and wild boars reign, her life turns out so tragically. Katerina's protest against Kabanikha's despotism is a struggle of the bright, pure, human against the darkness, lies and cruelty of the “dark kingdom”. No wonder Ostrovsky, who is very great attention paid attention to the selection of names and surnames characters, gave this name to the heroine of “Thunderstorms”: translated from Greek “Ekaterina” means “eternally pure”.

Katerina is a poetic person. Unlike the rude Kalinovites, she feels the beauty of nature and loves it. “I used to get up early; If it’s summer, I’ll go to the spring, wash myself, bring some water with me and that’s it, I’ll water all the flowers in the house. I had many, many flowers,” she says about her childhood. Her soul is constantly drawn to beauty. Her dreams were filled with wonderful, fabulous visions. She often dreamed that she was flying like a bird. She talks about her desire to fly several times. With these repetitions, the playwright emphasizes the romantic sublimity of Katerina’s soul and her freedom-loving aspirations. Married early, she tries to get along with her mother-in-law and fall in love with her husband, but in the Kabanovs’ house sincere feelings no one needs. And the gentle, poetic Katerina “withered completely” in this gloomy atmosphere. Like a proud bird that cannot live in a cage, she dies in Kabanikha’s house.

Poetry and spiritual purity Katerina manifests herself in her every word. “Where should I go, poor thing? Who should I grab hold of? My fathers, I am perishing!” - she says, saying goodbye to Tikhon. With what natural simplicity and accuracy these words convey her condition! The tenderness that fills her soul finds no outlet. Deep human longing resounds in her dream of children: “If only there were someone’s children! Eco woe! I don’t have children: I would still sit with them and amuse them. I really like talking to children - they are angels.” Which loving wife and she would have been a mother in different conditions!

Katerina is religious. Given her impressionability, the religious feelings instilled in her in childhood firmly took possession of her soul. But how different is Katerina’s sincere, childishly pure religiosity from Kabanikha’s sanctimonious religiosity! For Kabanikha, religion is a dark force that suppresses the will of man, but for Katerina it is poetic world fairy tale images. “...To death I loved going to church! “Exactly, it happened that I would enter heaven, and I didn’t see anyone, and I didn’t remember the time, and I didn’t hear when the service was over,” she recalls. In Kalinov, no one prayed as sincerely as Katerina. “Oh, Curly, how she prays, if only you would look! What an angelic smile she has on her face, and her face seems to glow,” says Boris, and Kudryash immediately unmistakably determines that we're talking about about Katerina.

And then Same time. religion is a cage in which the “dark kingdom” locked Katerina’s soul. After all, the fear of “sin” torments her even more than Kabanikha’s oppression. And the fact that she managed to overcome him testifies to moral strength Katerina.

At the heart of Katerina’s protest against the oppression of the “dark kingdom” is a natural desire to defend the freedom of her personality. Bondage is the name of her main enemy. Outwardly, the living conditions in Kalinov are no different from the environment of Katerina’s childhood. The same prayers, the same rituals, the same activities, but “here,” the heroine notes, “everything seems to be from under captivity.” Bondage is incompatible with her freedom-loving soul. “And bondage is bitter, oh, how bitter!” - she says in the scene with the key, and this thought leads her to the decision to see Boris. With all her being, Katerina felt that living in the “dark kingdom” was worse than death. And she chose death over captivity. “Sad, bitter is such liberation,” wrote Dobrolyubov, “but what to do when there is no other way out.”

In Katerina’s behavior, according to Dobrolyubov, a “decisive, integral Russian character” was revealed, which “will withstand itself, despite any obstacles, and when there is not enough strength, it will die, but will not betray itself.” Dobrolyubov noted that the character of Katerina, which constitutes “a step forward not only in Ostrovsky’s dramatic activity, but also in all of our literature,” reflects a new phase in the development of Russian folk life. There is a need for people with decisive character, which would embody general requirement truth and rights into decisive action. Katerina was the first type of such a person in Russian literature. Therefore, Dobrolyubov compared it with a ray of light, illuminating not only the horrors of the “dark kingdom”, but also the signs of its near end.

The great Russian actress Glikeria Nikolaevna Fedotova spoke about the stage embodiment of the image of Katerina: “I have been playing this role since I was young, but only now I understand how to play it. And I didn’t understand at all before that that Katerina is a ray of light in a dark kingdom. And it is necessary that through every word, every movement, this shining ray should be visible somewhere, which strives to break through the darkness. And let Katerina, not finding the road to a bright and joyful life, die: it is not helplessness, not sadness or inner devastation that leads to this end. On the contrary - a bright impulse. And only now he has no way out of the dark kingdom, but someday, soon there will be... This is how Ostrovsky conceived Katerina, this is how she should be played.” Wonderful Russian actresses L.P. Nikulina-Kositskaya - the first performer of the role of Katerina, P.A. Strepetova, M.N. Ermolova left unforgettable, creatively original portraits of Katerina in the history of Russian theater.

Katerina’s protest against Kabanikha’s despotism was not only personal character in the context of the struggle against serfdom, it had great revolutionary significance, although Katerina herself acted completely unconsciously, defending only the freedom of her own personality.

June 20 2010

Whole, honest, sincere, she is incapable of lies and falsehood, which is why in a cruel world where wild and wild boars reign, her life is so tragic. Katerina's protest against Kabanikha's despotism is a struggle of the bright, pure, human against the darkness, lies and cruelty of the “dark kingdom”. It is not for nothing that Ostrovsky, who paid great attention to the selection of names and surnames of the characters, gave this name to the heroine of “The Thunderstorm”: translated from Greek “Ekaterina” means “eternally pure”.

Katerina is a poetic person. Unlike the rude Kalinovites, she feels the beauty of nature and loves it. “I used to get up early; If it’s summer, I’ll go to the spring, wash myself, bring some water with me and that’s it, I’ll water all the flowers in the house. I had many, many flowers,” she says about her childhood. Her soul is constantly drawn to beauty. Her dreams were filled with wonderful, fabulous visions. She often dreamed that she was flying like a bird. She talks about her desire to fly several times. With these repetitions, the playwright emphasizes the romantic sublimity of Katerina’s soul and her freedom-loving aspirations. Married early, she tries to get along with her mother-in-law, to fall in love

husband, but in the Kabanov house no one needs sincere feelings. And the gentle, poetic Katerina “withered completely” in this gloomy atmosphere. Like a proud bird that cannot live in a cage, she dies in Kabanikha’s house.

Katerina's poetry and spiritual purity are manifested in her every expression. “Where should I go, poor thing? Who should I grab hold of? My fathers, I am perishing!” - she says, saying goodbye to Tikhon. With what natural simplicity and accuracy these words convey her condition! The tenderness that fills her soul finds no outlet. Deep human longing resounds in her dream of children: “If only there were someone’s children! Eco woe! I don’t have children: I would still sit with them and amuse them. I really like talking to children - they are angels.” What a loving wife and mother she would have been under different conditions!

Katerina is religious. Given her impressionability, the religious feelings instilled in her in childhood firmly took possession of her soul. But how different is Katerina’s sincere, childishly pure religiosity from Kabanikha’s sanctimonious religiosity! For Kabanikha, religion is a dark force that suppresses the will of man, but for Katerina it is the poetic world of fairy-tale images. “...To death I loved going to church! “Exactly, it happened that I would enter heaven, and I didn’t see anyone, and I didn’t remember the time, and I didn’t hear when the service was over,” she recalls. In Kalinov, no one prayed as sincerely as Katerina. “Oh, Curly, how she prays, if only you would look! What an angelic smile she has on her face, and her face seems to glow,” says Boris, and Kudryash immediately unmistakably determines that we are talking about Katerina.

And at the same time. religion is a cage in which the “dark kingdom” locked Katerina’s soul. After all, the fear of “sin” torments her even more than Kabanikha’s oppression. And the fact that she was able to overcome him testifies to Katerina’s moral strength.

At the heart of Katerina’s protest against the oppression of the “dark kingdom” is a natural desire to defend the freedom of her personality. Bondage is the name of her main enemy. Outwardly, the living conditions in Kalinov are no different from the environment of Katerina’s childhood. The same prayers, the same rituals, the same activities, but “here,” he notes, “everything seems to be from under captivity.” Bondage is incompatible with her freedom-loving soul. “And bondage is bitter, oh, how bitter!” - she says in the scene with the key, and this thought leads her to the decision to see Boris. With all her being, Katerina felt that living in the “dark kingdom” was worse than death. And she chose death over captivity. “Sad, bitter is such liberation,” wrote Dobrolyubov, “but what to do when there is no other way out.”

In Katerina’s behavior, according to Dobrolyubov, a “decisive, integral Russian character” was revealed, which “will withstand itself, despite any obstacles, and when there is not enough strength, it will die, but will not betray itself.” Dobrolyubov noted that the character of Katerina, constituting “a step forward not only in Ostrovsky’s dramatic activity, but also in all of ours,” reflects a new phase in the development of Russian folk life. There is a need for people of decisive character who would translate the general demand for truth and right into decisive action. Katerina was the first type of such a person in Russian literature. Therefore, Dobrolyubov compared it with a ray of light, illuminating not only the horrors of the “dark kingdom”, but also the signs of its near end.

The great Russian actress Glikeria Nikolaevna Fedotova spoke about the stage embodiment of Katerina: “I have been playing this role since I was young, but only now I understand how to play it. And I didn’t understand at all before that Katerina is a ray of light in a dark kingdom. And it is necessary that through every word, every movement, this shining ray should be visible somewhere, which strives to break through the darkness. And let Katerina, not finding the road to a bright and joyful life, die: it is not helplessness, not sadness or inner devastation that leads to this end. On the contrary - a bright impulse. And only now he has no way out of the dark kingdom, but someday, soon there will be... This is how Ostrovsky conceived Katerina, this is how she should be played.” Wonderful Russian actresses L.P. Nikulina-Kositskaya - the first performer of the role of Katerina, P.A. Strepetova, M.N. Ermolova left unforgettable, creatively original portraits of Katerina in the history of Russian theater.

Katerina’s protest against Kabanikha’s despotism was not only personal in nature, in the context of the struggle against serfdom, it had great revolutionary significance, although Katerina herself acted completely unconsciously, defending only the freedom of her own personality.

Need a cheat sheet? Then save - "Katerina's protest in Ostrovsky's drama The Thunderstorm. Literary essays!

Katerina's protest in the drama "The Thunderstorm" by Ostrovsky

And he sits, sculpted by the sculptor Andreev, at the entrance to the Maly Theater, and reminds us of the past, of the dark, funny and scary world its many heroes: the Glumovs, Bolshovs, Podkhalyuzins, Dikikhs and Kabanikhs.

Image of the world of Moscow and provincial merchants, with light hand Dobrolyubov named " dark kingdom", it became main theme Ostrovsky's creativity.

The drama "The Thunderstorm", published in 1860, is no exception.

The plot of the play is simple and typical for that environment and era: a young married woman Katerina Kabanova, not finding a response to her feelings in her husband, fell in love with another person. Tormented by remorse and not wanting to accept the morality of the “dark kingdom” (“Do what you want, as long as everything is covered and covered”), she publicly admits her action in church. After this confession, her life becomes so unbearable that she commits suicide.

The image of Katerina is the most in a bright way in Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm". Dobrolyubov, analyzing in detail the image of Katerina, called her “a ray of light in a dark kingdom.”

Katerina’s life in her parents’ home was good and carefree.

Here she felt “free.” Katerina lived easily, carefree, joyfully. She loved her garden very much, in which she so often walked and admired the flowers.

Later telling Varvara about his life in home, she says: “I lived, didn’t worry about anything, like a bird in the wild. Mama doted on me, dressed me up like a doll, didn’t force me to work, whatever I wanted, I used to do it.” Katerina differs from all representatives of the “dark kingdom” in the depth of her feelings, honesty, truthfulness, courage, and determination.

Growing up in a good family, she retained all the wonderful traits of the Russian character. This is a pure, sincere, hot nature, open soul who does not know how to deceive. “I don’t know how to deceive; I can’t hide anything,” she says to Varvara, who claims that everything in their house is based on deception. This same Varvara calls our heroine some kind of “sophisticated”, “wonderful”. Katerina is strong, decisive, strong-willed nature. Since childhood, she was capable of bold actions.

Telling Varvara about herself and emphasizing her hot nature, she says: “I was born so hot!”

Katerina loved nature, its beauty, and Russian songs. Therefore, her speech - emotional, enthusiastic, musical, melodious - is imbued with high poetry and sometimes reminds us folk song. Growing up in her home, our heroine accepted all the age-old traditions of her family: obedience to elders, religiosity, submission to customs. Katerina, who did not study anywhere, loved to listen to the stories of wanderers and praying mantises and perceived all their religious prejudices, which poisoned her young life, forcing Katerina to perceive love for Boris as a terrible sin, from which she tries and cannot escape.

Having found herself in a new family, where everything is under the rule of the cruel, harsh, rude, despotic Kabanikha, Katerina does not find a sympathetic attitude towards herself.

Dreamy, honest, sincere, friendly to people, Katerina takes the oppressive atmosphere of this house especially hard.

Gradually, life in Kabanikha’s house, which constantly insults Katerina’s human dignity, becomes unbearable for the young woman. A dull protest against the “dark kingdom”, which did not give her happiness, freedom and independence, begins to arise in her soul. This process develops... Katerina commits suicide. Thus, she proved that she was right, a moral victory over the “dark kingdom.” Dobrolyubov in his article, assessing the image of Katerina, wrote: “This is the true strength of character, which in any case you can rely on! This is the height to which our folk life in its development!" The fact that Katerina's act was typical for her time is confirmed by the fact that in Kostroma a similar incident occurred in the Klykov family of merchants. And for a long time after that, the actors playing the main roles in the play wore make-up so that they one could see the resemblance to the Klykovs.

Bibliography

To prepare this work, materials were used from the site http://sochinenia1.narod.ru/

Subject. A.N. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm” Katerina’s protest against the “dark kingdom”. Moral issues plays.

Goals: find out why Katerina is able to resist the “dark kingdom”; trace how her character was formed, what traits are the main ones in it, how her conflict with the world of Kabanikha develops; understand why Katerina stands apart in the system of characters.

During the classes

Love stronger than death, stronger than the fear of death...

(I.S. Turgenev)

Organizational protest

Work with text

Questions and tasks for discussion:

1. Why can’t we call her either “victim” or “mistress”? ( The answer lies in her character traits.)

2. What traits of her character are revealed in her very first remarks? ( Directness, inability to be a hypocrite and lie. The conflict is immediately obvious: Kabanikha does not tolerate self-esteem or disobedience in people, and Katerina does not know how to adapt and submit.)

3. Where did these traits come from in the heroine? Why does the author only talk about Katerina in such detail, talk about her family, childhood? How was Katerina raised? What kind of atmosphere surrounded her in childhood and in her husband’s family? In childhood? In the Kabanov family?

“Like a bird in the wild”; “mama doted on the soul”; “I didn’t force you to work.” Katerina’s activities: cared for flowers, went to church, listened to wanderers and praying mantises, embroidered on velvet with gold, walked in the garden “I have completely withered”; “Yes, everything here seems to be from under captivity.”

The atmosphere in the Kabanovs' house is fear. “He won’t be afraid of you, and even less so of me. What kind of order will there be in the house?”

Traits of Katerina: love of freedom (image of a bird); independence; self-esteem; dreaminess and poetry (story about visiting church, about dreams); religiosity; determination (story about the action with the boat).

Principles of the Kabanov House: complete submission; renunciation of one's will; humiliation by reproaches and suspicions; lack of spiritual principles; religious hypocrisy

Conclusion. For Katerina, the main thing is to live according to her soul.

For Kabanikha, the main thing is to subjugate her and not let her live her own way.

General conclusion . The relationships between the characters are in a state of sharp contrast and give rise to an irreconcilable conflict.

1. What is Katerina’s protest expressed in? Why can we call her love for Boris a protest? ( Love is the desire to live according to the laws of your soul.)

2. What is the difficulty? internal state heroines? ( Love for Boris is not only free choice, dictated by the heart, but also a deception that puts Katerina on a par with Varvara; refusal of love is submission to the world of Kabanikha, and the choice of love is both happiness and torment for Katerina. But by choosing love, she deliberately dooms herself to torment..)

3. How are the heroine’s torment and struggle with herself shown in the scene with the key, the scenes of the date and farewell to Boris? Is this her strength or weakness? Analyze vocabulary, sentence construction, folklore elements, connections with folk song.

Key scene:“What am I saying, that I’m deceiving myself? I should even die to see him.”

Date scene:“Let everyone know, let everyone see what I do! If I wasn’t afraid of sin for you, will I be afraid of human judgment?”

Farewell scene:"My friend! My joy! Goodbye!"

(All three scenes show the heroine's determination. She never betrayed herself: she decided to love at the behest of her heart, admitted to betrayal out of an inner feeling of freedom (a lie is always lack of freedom), came to say goodbye to Boris not only because of the feeling of love, but also because of the feeling of guilt: he suffered from -for her. She rushed to the Volga at the request of her free nature.)

4. Why Boris couldn’t save Katerina ( He was a “victim” of the “dark kingdom”, lived under the influence of the Wild One, and could not disobey him, obeyed him and could not, like Katerina, oppose bondage for fear of the “victim”)

5. Prove that Katerina’s death is a protest. ( Katerina’s death is a protest, a rebellion, a call to action, since after her death Varvara ran away from home, Tikhon accused his mother of his wife’s death, Kuligin reproached her for being unmerciful.)

5. Will the city of Kalinov be able to live as before? ( The city of Kalinov will not be able to live as before after Katerina’s death, because her death awakened the first words of protest among its residents.)

Lesson summary. Katerina is different inner strength and love of freedom, since as a child she did not experience pressure from her parents, she grew up according to her nature; That’s why she didn’t break under the pressure of the “dark kingdom” and was able to defend her self-esteem. Katerina – strong personality who knew how to love, is ready to sacrifice herself in the name of love, but she is honest, sincere and therefore she is not able to pretend, deceive, i.e. to live according to the laws of the “dark kingdom”, she chose a way out - suicide, in order to rid herself and her soul of remorse and get away from the norms and rules of the city of Kalinov.

Homework. Answer the question “How do family and social conflicts in drama"? Prepare a reading based on the roles of Katerina’s repentance scene (act 4, scene 6).