Summary of the lesson on Literature "Faces and masks of M.M. Zoshchenko. In the creative laboratory of the writer"

Budennovskaya Secondary School

Lesson topic: MM. Zoshchenko. The drama of the writer's creative biography

Developed by:

teacher of Russian language and literature

Mifodovskaya Anna Alexandrovna

With. Budyonnoye, 2016

Lesson topic: MM. Zoshchenko. The drama of the writer's creative biography.

Lesson type : lesson on synthesis of literary, linguistic and biographical information

Lesson type: overview lesson of the creative heritage of M. Zoshchenko.

The purpose of the lesson: introduce students to the life and features of M. Zoshchenko’s work.

Lesson objectives:

Educational : to comprehend the secrets of the writer’s inner world (“I feel sorry for the man!”) through artistic expression, to determine the originality of his stories

Developmental: continue to develop expressive reading skills

Educational : evoke an aesthetic and emotional reaction from students by combining figurative-emotional perception and auditory impression

Methodical techniques: reading, analysis

Equipment: texts, analyses, portrait of a writer, book exhibition

During the classes:

I . Organizing time ( greeting, checking students' readiness for the lesson)

II . Checking homework. Reading a poemO.E. Mandelstam by heart

III . Teacher's opening speech. Lesson begins with the teacher’s expressive reading of the story “Product Quality.”

PRODUCT QUALITY

A German from Berlin lived with my friends, the Gusevs. I rented a room. He lived for almost two months. And not just any Chukhonian or other national minority, but a real German from Berlin. In Russian - not even a kick in the teeth. He communicated with the owners with his hands and head.

Of course, this German dressed dazzlingly. The linen is clean. The pants are straight. Nothing extra. Well, straight away, an engraving.

And when this German left, he left a lot of things to his owners. A whole heap of foreign goodness. Various bubbles, collars, boxes. In addition, almost two pairs of long johns. And the sweater is almost not torn. And you can’t count the different little things - for both men’s and women’s use.

All this was piled in a heap in the corner, by the washstand.

The owner, Madame Guseva, an honest lady, you can’t say anything like that about her, hinted to the German just before leaving - they say, bitte-dritte, were you in a hurry to leave foreign products.

The little German kicked his head, saying, bitte-dritte, please take it away, what are we talking about, it’s a pity or something.

Here the owners leaned on the abandoned products. Gusev himself even compiled a detailed list of things. And, of course, I immediately put on a sweater and took on my underpants.

After two weeks I walked around with long johns in my hands. He showed everyone how proud he was and how he praised German quality.

And the things, indeed, were worn and, generally speaking, barely held up, however, there are no words - real, foreign goods, pleasant to look at.

By the way, among the things left behind was this flask, not a flask, but generally a rather flat jar of powder. The powder is generally pink and fine. And the scent is quite nice - either Lorigan or rose.

After the first days of joy and jubilation, the Gusevs began to wonder what kind of powder it was. They sniffed it, and chewed it with their teeth, and sprinkled it on the fire, but they couldn’t guess.

They carried it around the house, showed it to university students and various intelligentsia, but they didn’t achieve much.

Many said that it was powder, and some said that it was fine German talc for sprinkling on newly born German children.

Gusev says:

- Fine German talc is of no use to me. I don’t have any newly born children. Let it be powder. Let me sprinkle some on my face after every shave. You have to live culturally at least once in your life.

He began to shave and powder himself. After every shave it comes out pink, blooming and positively fragrant.

There is, of course, envy and questions all around.

Here Gusev, indeed, supported German production. He praised German goods a lot and warmly.

- “For how many years,” he says, “he has been deforming his personality with various Russian scum, and now he’s finally got it. And when,” he says, “this powder runs out, I really don’t know what to do.” I'll have to order another bottle. A very wonderful product. I'm just resting my soul.

A month later, when the powder was running out, a familiar intellectual came to visit Gusev. Over evening tea he read the jar.

It turned out that it was a German remedy against flea breeding.

Of course, another, less cheerful person would have been greatly depressed by this circumstance. And even, perhaps, a less cheerful person’s face would be covered with pimples and acne from excessive suspiciousness. But Gusev was not like that.

- This is what I understand,” he said. “This is the quality of the product!” What an achievement! This really can't be beat as a product. If you want powder on your face, you want to sprinkle fleas! Good for anything. What do we have?

Here Gusev, praising German production once again, said:

- So I look - what is it? I've been powdering myself for a whole month, and at least one flea has bitten me. The wife, Madame Guseva, is bitten. My sons also itch desperately all day long. Ninka the dog also scratches.

And I, you know, walk, and whatever happens. Even though they are insects, the rogues feel the real products. This is really...

Now Gusev has run out of powder. The fleas must be biting him again.

1927

IV . Teacher's word.

You have now listened to the story of M. Zoshchenko"PRODUCT QUALITY"

The book I am holding in my hands is the stories of M. Zoshchenko. This is another one of those that have come out recently. Another... How simple it sounds... But how difficult, how painfully long it was to return the writer’s name to our everyday life.

When they say about someone - he returned, he returned - it means that the person left, was absent. Zoshchenko did not go anywhere and did not leave. He was excommunicated from literature, from the millions of readers.

For what? For what sins was he excommunicated? There was only one sin: Zoshchenko had the misfortune of being born a satirist.

Question for students (updating previously acquired knowledge): remember the difference between humor and satire.

Student response: humor makes fun of jokes, and satire exposes human vices and shortcomings in life.

V . Teacher's word. Yes, life for satirists everywhere and at all times was much more dangerous than for representatives of other literary professions.

Juvenal ended his earthly journey in exile. D. Swift, who had been persecuted all his life, escaped arrest only because people protected their favorite from the authorities day and night. They shouted about Gogol that “he should be banned from writing,” that he was “an enemy of Russia,” and when he died, one of the newspapers wrote: “Yes, Gogol made everyone laugh! It's a pity! Use your whole life, even such a short one, to serve the public as a monkey.”

And Zoshchenko was no exception. Probably because people can forgive everything, but not laugh at themselves...

And it is no coincidence that the words of M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin were chosen as the epigraph for our lesson (the teacher finishes the epigraph written on the board): “Laughter is a very formidable weapon, for nothing discourages a vice more than the consciousness that it has been guessed, and that there is laughter about him.”

Zoshchenko... Strange surname. Where did she come from? This interested Mikhail Mikhailovich himself. He even entered into correspondence with distant relatives whom he did not know and found only to use them to reveal his ancestry. However, his cousins and second cousins were unable to help him. Then Mikhail Mikhailovich “burrowed” into the family archive. And finally, a miracle! Akim Zoshchenko walked through the construction workshop. He was an architect from Italy who converted to Orthodoxy and received the name Akim at baptism and his professional surname: architect - Zodchenko. And then it started: Zoshchenko...

Fame came to Zoshchenko almost instantly. The 20s passed under the sign of Zoshchenko. Magazines “fought” for the right to publish his new stories. Dozens of books and little books appear. In 1929, a 6-volume collection of works began to be published.

His works are read by “the man on the street,” as well as by Yu. Tynyanov, M. Gorky, and O. Mandelstam, but they see and appreciate different things.

Question for students. What is the theme of his works?

Student answers. (Love, deceit, money, failures, amazing events, etc.)

VI . Teacher's word. “I feel sorry for the man!” Zoshchenko has this story. These two words can be used as an epigraph to Zoshchenko’s entire work.

Question for students. Where do M. Zoshchenko's stories take place?

Student answers (In a communal apartment, a bathhouse, a theater, a tram or train car, in a word, everywhere).

VII . Teacher's word. What is attractive about the beginning of stories? Students’ answers (The first phrases usually formulate the general meaning of what is happening) are illustrated with examples from the text (“The merchant Eremey Babkin’s raccoon coat was stolen.” (“A Rich Life”). “I, my brothers, don’t like women who wear hats” ( “Aristocrat”).

Conclusion: The first lines formulate the general meaning of the stories. Briefly and clearly. And then on just two or three pages the explanation begins: comic detailing and speech coloring.

VIII . Teacher's word. Most often, the events of stories are based on contradiction. (For example, the story “Electrification”, which was renamed “Poverty”).

“Nowadays, my brothers, what is the most fashionable word, eh? The hottest word these days is, of course, electrification. This matter, I don’t argue, is of enormous importance - I advise you to illuminate Russia with light.

Well! We also began to carry out. They carried it out, illuminated it - fathers - lights! There is rot and rot all around. It used to be that you would go to work in the morning, show up in the evening, drink tea and go to bed. And nothing like that was visible with kerosene. And now they’ve lit it, we look, there’s someone’s torn shoe lying around, here the wallpaper is torn off and sticking out in shreds, here a bug is trotting to escape the light, here is an unknown rag, here is spit, here is a cigarette butt, here is a flea frolicking...

Fathers of light! At least shout guard. It's sad to see such a sight.

Question: what is the contradiction? (Students' answers).

IX . Teacher's word. Zoshchenko entered literature at the turn of the epoch. The old world was still laying the first bricks in its foundation. M. Zoshchenko realized that he would not be able to write “for a reader who does not exist.” After all, a revolution took place in the country... And it not only replaced one government with another, it pulled millions of people out of the slums and, putting them at desks, taught them to read.

But is it possible, having just mastered the primer yesterday, to read stories and stories written in the language of “old literature”? I think no. Zoshchenko managed to learn to write for a reader who really existed, for the broad masses.

The years spent in the midst of people were not in vain for Zoshchenko; The living everyday speech he overheard in the soldiers' trenches, and later in the market squares, in trams, bathhouses, pubs, and in the kitchens of communal apartments became the speech of his literature, the very language in which the reader spoke and thought.

He deliberately juxtaposes words of different stylistic and semantic connotations. (Students give examples from stories that they read on their own at home (preliminary task): “A whole heap”, “I didn’t have time to gasp”, “Pumped in a heap”, “Pulled on a sweater”, “No kick in the tooth”, “Directly reassured” etc.)

Question. Why does the author use such words? Students' answer (These words convey to the narrative the nature of living conversational speech).

K.I. Chukovsky noted that “Zoshchenko was the first of the writers of his generation to introduce into literature on such a scale this new extra-literary speech that had spread throughout the country and began to freely use it as his own speech. Here he is a pioneer, an innovator.”

But not everyone thought so. For example, Yu. Shcheglov called his stories “an encyclopedia of incivility.”

Zoshchenko explained: “They usually think that I distort the beautiful Russian language, that for the sake of laughter I take words in a meaning that is not given to them in life, that I deliberately write in broken language in order to make the most respectable audience laugh. I write in this language that the street now speaks and thinks in.”

In the 30s, a barrage of criticism literally fell on the writer. It is argued that Zoshchenko deliberately tragedies danger: the heroes he ridicules practically cannot exist in reality, becausenew society deprivedsoil for prosperity those numerous absurdities and deformities of social life that took place in the forever past.

The magazine “Bolshevik” (1944 No. 2) publishes a collective article by unknown “critics”. “About one harmful story”: “Zoshchenko wanders through human garbage dumps as a rag picker, looking for something worse... How could Zoshchenko write this nonsense, needed only by the enemies of our homeland.”

The writer himself was perplexed: “It’s bad. Everyone is screaming and screaming. They are ashamed of something. You feel like a bandit and a swindler.”

The question arises: whose writer is M. Zoshchenko? And this is no longer literature. This is politics.

In the August issue of the magazine “Murzilka” for 1946, a funny, completely innocent children’s story “The Adventure of a Monkey” was published, which was then republished in 3 books and only then reprinted by the magazine “Zvezda” (by the way, without the knowledge of the author), becomes suddenly criminal, and with it all his work.

The writer, whom everyone knew, was branded as a “vulgar,” a “hooligan,” and a “literary scum,” mocking the Soviet people. He was expelled from the Writers' Union, stopped publishing, and was constantly mentioned in devastating articles. They don’t even hire Zoshchenko’s wife, asking her to change her last name. In 1946 Zoshchenko writes a letter to Stalin. But... The Soviet government has long needed not sincerity, but hypocrisy and pretense, not truth, but obedience, not servants of the people, but “submachine gunners of the party.”

“I have no one to blame. I fell under the inexorable wheel of history,” Zoshchenko explained.

In 1948, a friend who came to see Zoshchenko found his “former friend” doing a strange thing: “With large scissors in his hands, Mikhail Mikhailovich was crawling on the floor, cutting out thick soles from old dusty felt for some artel of disabled people. I don’t remember exactly how much he was paid for a hundred pairs. In any case, lunch in a crappy canteen was more expensive.”

“You have to die on time... I was late,” Zoshchenko will say a few days before his death. His funeral turned into the last Zoshchenko story. There was no news about the funeral service, although many people came to the Writer’s House to say goodbye.

Everyone knows the wise Latin saying: Morte aut bene, aut nichil. (About the dead it’s either good or nothing). But at the coffin, one of the writers’ bosses reminded him of the deceased’s mistakes.

Zoshchenko was not buried on the Literatorskie Mostki (not according to rank!) and not in the writer’s dacha village. Komarovo, but lonely, in Sestroretsk, where he lived in recent years.

Many years later, a monument was erected on the grave. Some “respected citizens” desecrated it. Then the monument was restored...

But Zoshchenko could not help but return. It is possible to ban the publication of a writer, but it is impossible to ban the life that exists and about which he wrote.

Yes, the time depicted in his books has gone down in history. But his hero, the man, did not leave. Those worries, troubles, worries have not gone away... And we involuntarily compare - like Zoshchenko...

X . Homework: 1. ReadStories “Confession”, “Aristocrat”, “Love”, “Female Fish”, “Red Tape”, sections from the “Blue Book”. 2. Prepare an essay on creativityA.P. Platonov

Problem-based learning technology.

Modern reading of M. Zoshchenko's stories. Literature lesson in 11th grade “Laughter is a great thing”!»

Lesson objectives:

prove that M. Zoshchenko’s stories are modern and relevant;
show how the problem of the relationship between humor and satire is solved in Zoshchenko’s stories;
improve skills in analyzing a literary work;
to arouse in students a sustainable interest in the work of M. Zoshchenko and in culture in general.

During the classes.

Oh, laughter is a great thing!

There is nothing more that a person is afraid of,

Like laughter... Afraid of laughter, man

will keep from what she wouldn't keep him from

no power.

N.V. Gogol

Teacher's word. Working with the epigraph, identifying the problem and objectives of the lesson.

Guys! In preparation for our lesson, you read a lot of Zoshchenko’s stories. List them. How did you understand who and what the writer was laughing at? Are Zoshchenko's stories modern?

2 . (The prepared student makes a message where he focuses on the problems of Zoshchenko’s stories).

Student:

A significant place in Zoshchenko’s work is occupied by stories in which the writer directly responds to real events of the day. The most famous among them: “Aristocrat”, “Glass”, “Case History”, “Nervous People”, “Fitter”.

Problems of stories:

1. "Aristocrat"

After the revolution, the old, familiar things were forgotten and rejected, but they had not yet learned to live in a new way.

3. "Restless old man"

4. “Medical history”

The low level of medical care is ridiculed.

5. “Weak container”

Criticism of bribe-takers, who were spawned by the expanded administrative-command system.

6. “Product quality”

The thriving hack-work in production and the shortage of essential goods are forcing people to “rush” to “foreign products”.

Conclusion: The importance of Zoshchenko’s creativity is difficult to overestimate - his laughter remains relevant in our modern times, because human and social vices, unfortunately, still remain ineradicable.

3. Teacher's word:

- Works of Mikhail Zoshchenko – a unique phenomenon in Russian Soviet literature. The writer, in his own way, saw some of the characteristic processes of contemporary reality, brought out under the blinding light of satire a gallery of characters who gave rise to the common concept of “Zoshchenko’s hero.” Being at the origins of Soviet satirical and humorous prose, he became the creator of an original comic novella, which continued the traditions of Gogol, Leskov, and early Chekhov in new historical conditions. Finally, Zoshchenko created his own, completely unique artistic style. The writer lived in a unique country, and his moral and civic formation as a satirist occurred in the post-revolutionary period. (The years of the writer’s life are written on the board 1895-1958).

We know: the writer and the era are indivisible. Guys, remind me what time Zoshchenko lived? What was happening in the country? Was the Soviet man happy?

Student: (Revolutions, Greek war, formation of the young republic)

Right:

In 1922, on December 30, when the civil war had already ended, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was officially proclaimed. Soon the USSR declared itself as a powerful, invincible state.

The exhibition in front of you reflects all aspects of life in the Soviet Union during the era of socialism. Artists and sculptors sought to capture historical time on canvas or in stone - the time of the formation of the young republic. The same achievements of industrialization, collectivization, and cultural revolution were glorified in the literature of that time.

Guys! Listen to a few stanzas from the song “Wide is my native country” by composer Dunaevsky, text author Lebedev-Kumach. Identify key words and write them down in your notebook.

(the man is happy, master, the young are cherished everywhere, the old are respected, the man breathes freely, no one knows how to laugh and love better than us...)

Was everything so smooth?

Let us turn to materials reflecting the era. They are in front of you. Please read carefully. What conclusion did you come to?

The inconsistency of the era is striking. M. Zoshchenko also discovered the same contradictions. (Here are caricatures of the portrait of the writer. You know that Zoshchenko is the author of humorous stories. He was presented like that, but in reality he was different: outwardly, like a country, powerful and strong, but internally he was sick and devastated.)

4. The era of M. Zoshchenko. Message from a Prepared Student

Zoshchenko's stories were at first extremely popular; magazines disputed the right to publish his works. But all this was temporary. The writer guessed everything that was happening in the country so accurately that, in the end, he was charged.

Historical background 1.

“...in conditions when the working class, when the party and the USSR carry out self-criticism through party purges, through effective control of the masses... is satire necessary?”

And in 1946, the party issued a resolution “On the magazines “Zvezda” and “Leningrad”. Zoshchenko was branded as a vulgar, a “hooligan” and “a scumbag of literature, mocking the Soviet people.” Zoshchenko's work was banned. Only in the late 80s of the 20th century, during the era of glasnost, his work was returned to us. There was one more point that many were unaware of.

Recently, in the Zvezda magazine, along with significant and successful works of Soviet writers, many unprincipled, ideologically harmful works have appeared.

Zvezda's grave mistake is to provide a literary platform to the writer Zoshchenko, whose works are alien to Soviet literature. The editors of Zvezda know that Zoshchenko has long specialized in writing empty, meaningless and vulgar things, in preaching rotten lack of ideas, vulgarity and apoliticality, designed to disorient our youth and poison their consciousness. Zoshchenko's last published story, The Adventures of a Monkey, is a vulgar lampoon of Soviet life and Soviet people. Zoshchenko portrays Soviet orders and Soviet people in an ugly caricature, slanderously presenting Soviet people as primitive, uncultured, stupid, with philistine tastes and morals. Zoshchenko’s maliciously hooligan portrayal of our reality is accompanied by anti-Soviet attacks. Providing the pages of Zvezda to such vulgarities and scum of literature as Zoshchenko is all the more unacceptable since the editors of Zvezda are well aware of Zoshchenko’s physiognomy and his unworthy behavior during the war, when Zoshchenko, without helping the Soviet people in any way in their struggle against the German invaders, wrote such a disgusting thing as Before Sunrise, the assessment of which, like the assessment of the entire literary “creativity” of Zoshchenko, was given on the pages of the Bolshevik magazine...

From the Resolution of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks on the magazines "Zvezda" and "Leningrad" on August 14, 1946

Historical background 2.

In the 1930s, Stalin, instead of the ideal of a revolutionary destroyer, proclaimed a hero “a simple, ordinary person, a “cog” who keeps our great state mechanism in a state of activity.”

But it was precisely such a simple person who became the hero of Zoshchenko’s stories. The writer's stories were feared because they were not harmless, they were satirical.

5. Working with terms. Let's remember the difference between humor and satire? You can consult a dictionary. Write in a notebook.

Humor - an image of something in a funny, comic form. Unlike satire, humor does not expose, but cheerfully jokes.

Satire - exposure of human vices and shortcomings of life, negative phenomena of reality.

6. Analysis of stories by M. Zoshchenko.

Now let’s analyze the story “Aristocrat”. Our task is to determine:

What is Zoshchenko laughing at and how does he achieve this?

So, the story is short, about 150 lines.

Does this play a role? Why? Let's write it down - brevity.

Zoshchenko wrote about his language: “I write very concisely. My sentence is short. Accessible to the poor. Maybe that's why I have a lot of readers.)

The story is simple in plot, recall it briefly.

(A poor man invites a lady to the theater. They go to a buffet. Money is running short. This is the basis for the hero’s experiences. This is also Zoshchenko’s technique. Let's write it down - the simplicity of the plot.

From whom does the story come? What is this technique called in literature?

“I, my brothers, don’t like women...” Let’s write it down - tale manner.

Teacher's comment:

The language of Zoshchenko's stories was collective; he absorbed all the most characteristic, bright things from the simple language of the masses and, in a squeezed out, concentrated form, appeared on the pages of Zoshchenko’s stories. It was then that it became a literary language - unique in short People's writer Zoshchenko.)

Why in hats? Read the entire paragraph. (Class sign - aristocrat).

The hero, of course, has no idea what kind of aristocrats there are, but he explains: “If a woman is wearing a hat, if she is wearing fildecos stockings, or has a pug in her arms, or has a golden tooth, then such an aristocrat is not a woman to me at all, but a smooth place.” "

What can you say about such a hero?

(Stupid, dark, uneducated, ignorant, ignorant).

Ignorant - a rude, ill-mannered person.

Ignorant - a poorly educated person.

(In a word, a tradesman is a person with petty interests and a narrow outlook).

The tradesman from Zoshchenko’s story, as expected, cannot think. Maybe it was precisely these ladies in hats and stockings that he saw on posters and has since perceived them as enemies.)

But why is the tooth suddenly golden? What could he be talking about?

(Spanish fashion, an indicator of material well-being).

What kind of reception is this?(Detail).

Why such an abundance of details? (Forcing, strengthening). Let's write it down - injection of parts.

What else catches your eye? What is the hero's speech? (Read out examples).

Colloquialisms, stylistically degraded vocabulary, sometimes jargon. Let's write down the hero's speech.

So, the exhibition is planned. What it is?

What word is clearly inappropriate? Why?

Ideology - a system of views, ideas that characterize a social group, class, political party.

What does inappropriate use of words indicate? Let's write it down -inappropriate use of words.

The hero remembers his failed romance. How does he care for the heroine?

(He comes to someone not as an “official person” with a question about the serviceability of the water supply and the restroom, that is, courtship takes place “against the background production").

Why? Who is he?

(Plumber, and we remember that a representative of the working class stands above everyone else).

Funny? Sad!

Who is this aristocrat? Can we say that she and the hero are birds of a feather? Why?

What does she like about the hero? Prove it.

Why does she want to go to the theater?

How does the hero get a ticket?

(member of the com. cell)

They go to the theater. Does he interest the heroes? Prove it.

Let's take a break. I give you a mood (two pictures), read the passage marked in the text with this mood.

What conclusion can be drawn? Why do we find it funny?

What is special about Zoshchenko’s style? (Simplicity, clarity, brightness, liveliness). Let's write it down - author's style.

A warning sounded: “If,” I say, “you want to eat one cake, then don’t be shy. I’ll pay” (The hero is worried)

What does she answer? (Mercy).

What is this word?

The hero again gives his companion an assessment. How is she going? What kind of gait is this?

- “...pick up the cream and eat it...”, the hero is worried. Prove it.

- The climax is coming.

The hero screams, scandal. Read this scene in their faces.

Everything becomes clear. The heroine sees the true face of the gentleman. He is a poor man, no authority, and also a fool.

What does the hero think about her? Prove it.

The denouement has come. What it is?

Write down what Zoshchenko laughed at in this story? What did you get?

Conclusion: the vices in the story are depicted visibly, the situation develops from funny to satirical, the essence of philistinism is exposed. Despite the embarrassment with money, the narrator reads a moral to the lady from the standpoint of the proletariat: “Happiness does not lie in money.” Although the plot of the story implies the opposite.

But here's another situation. Story “Glass”. Remind me of the plot.

Read the first paragraph, removing expressions specific to Zoshchenko. Is there any reason to laugh?

We were convinced that without the author’s special linguistic techniques there would be no effect. (The author’s text is read out).

This is a satirical story. What is Zoshchenko laughing at in this story?

VI. Teacher's word.

These are the heroes of the era. Could these “cogs” be the personification of the strength and power of the state, as they were destined to be? So, we need another hero.

You don’t take with you what Zoshchenko laughed at. Therefore, his stories are relevant.

Zoshchenko was branded as a “vulgar”
“hooligan” and “scum of Russian literature.” His name became a dirty word.
Zoshchenko’s work was compared by many, and even the writer himself, to the work
Gogol. No, Zoshchenko did not equate himself with Gogol. He compared his own fate with his... Somehow, thinking about this, Zoshchenko wrote in his notebook:
“Gogol expected that he would not be understood. But what happened exceeded all his expectations.” This entry can easily be attributed to Zoshchenko himself.

But Zoshchenko is not forgotten. No matter how the same Soviet writers of the mid-century branded him with shame, Zoshchenko is still read and loved, his stories are relevant to this day, maybe just not to the same extent as before.
In some ways, even, in my opinion, the significance of any writer is determined by time. And the fact that Zoshchenko has not been forgotten and his stories are still read by our modern humorists and satirists, such as Zhvanetsky and Zadornov, speaks volumes.

VII. Homework (optional):

analyze any story by Zoshchenko, motivating your choice;
write a review of any story by M. Zoshchenko.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko. Extracurricular reading lesson. Stories: “Stupid story”, “The most important thing”, “Don’t lie.” Lesson-competition. Work in small groups. The presentation includes a quiz on the works of M.M. Zoshchenko. Any educational complex. 5th grade.

Download:

Preview:

Subject: "MM. Zoshchenko. Stories for children"

Lesson type: combined with ICT.

Item : literary reading.

Class : 5 (VII type of education, educational complex “School of Russia”)

Date: 5.12. 2014.

Teacher: Tikhovskaya Ekaterina Borisovna

Target : summarize students’ knowledge about the work of M. Zoshchenko.

Lesson objectives:

Correctional and educational.

- expand students’ understanding of the writer’s work;

Learn determine the theme and main idea of the work, answer questions about what you read, work with illustrations, participate in the discussion of the work;

- develop skills retell large works;

- learn to evaluate events and heroes of a work.

2. Corrective and developmental.

- develop monologue speech of students;

- develop the ability to understandthe position of the writer, his attitude towards the world around him, his characters;

- develop the ability to identify general and essential features, express value judgments about the work read;

- develop the emotional-volitional sphere of students.

3. Correctional and educational.

- cultivate mutual respect (the ability to work in a group, take responsibility for others, the ability to give and accept help);

- cultivate positive motivation for the subject, love of reading;

- cultivate moral qualities based on analysis of the behavior of heroes;

Equipment: Portrait of a writer, exhibition of books, texts of works, tokens, board, magnets, tablets: storyteller, expert, graphic designer, screen, projector, computer, presentation.

Preliminary preparation.

The children are separated into groups.

Each group chose a story to read and analyze.

During self-preparation, the group read the story, making the necessary notes in the text, and together they drew up a plan for the retelling.

At home, each participant prepared a retelling and illustrations.

Before the lesson, the children chose who would retell the work during the lesson, who would play the role of graphic designer, and who would defend the honor of an expert.

During the classes.

Organizing time.

Children are seated in groups.

Teams announce how they have assigned roles.

(a corresponding sign is placed near each child)

Announcing the topic of the lesson.

Today in class we will talk about the work of our fellow countryman M.M. Zoshchenko.(slides 2,3)

Mikhail Mikhailovich knew how to notice the comic in our lives. The extraordinary talent of the satirist helped him show, in his own words, genuine undisguised life, genuine living people with their desires, tastes, thoughts. He was especially good at children's characters. When he wrote his humorous stories for children, he did not think that they would laugh at the actions of naughty girls and boys. Mikhail Zoshchenko simply wanted to teach his young readers to be brave and strong, kind and smart. The writer created entire cycles of stories addressed to children:

“Smart animals”, “Funny stories”, “Stories about war”, “Lelya and Minka”, “Stories about Minka’s childhood”.(slides 4-5 - book exhibition)

Today in class you will present to us some of his stories.

Storytelling competition.

The student who represents the narrator in the group retells the text. His comrades, if necessary, complement and clarify.

After each retelling there is a conversation on the semantic content.

All children participate in the conversation.

What is this story about?

What does he teach?

What conclusion can be drawn?

Which of the heroes did you like more?

Do other groups have questions for the speakers?

Summarizing.

Whose retelling was more interesting?

What techniques did the narrator use to achieve this?

The team receives tokens:

0 tokens if not answered.

Artist competition.

The “designer” presents illustrations for the work, which were drawn by all group members, and explains which fragment of the story they relate to.

As his performance progresses, an exhibition is being put together.

Summarizing.

Whose illustrations convey the content of the story more fully?

What techniques did the “artists” use for this?

(be sure to mark the children who have agreed in advance on who will draw what)

The team receives tokens:

2 tokens if the answer is correct, complete.

1 token if the answer is given using a command.

0 tokens if not answered.

Competition of experts.

At the beginning of the lesson, each team is given a card with questions about the content. “Experts” are preparing for answers.

Before the start of the third competition, time is given if the “expert” needs to consult with the team.

Then the “experts” answer the quiz questions.

MM. Zoshchenko. "Stupid story."

1. How old was sick Petya?

two years
five years
four years
three years

2. What, according to dad, made Petya “sick”?

from ice cream
from lemonade
from sweets
from laziness

3. Who was advised to call to examine Petya?

engineer
professors
teachers
neighbor boy

4. Who guessed why Petya fell?

Kolya
Vania
Mother
dad

5. Find in the text what the doctor named the boy Kolya.

scientist
Professor
scientist professor
scientist toddler

6. Why do you think this happened to Petya?

MM. Zoshchenko. "The most important".

1.What was the name of the cowardly boy?

Tolik
Sanka
Andryusha
Seryozha

2.What did mother often say to her son?

"everyone loves the brave"
"everyone loves a coward"
"everyone loves a good one"
“everyone loves obedient people”

3. What did the dog do when Andrei hit it?

bit him
ran into the house
barked loudly
tore his pants

4.Where did the guys swim?

in a river
In the lake
in the pond
in the sea

5. Find a passage in the text that expresses the main idea of the work.

MM. Zoshchenko. "Do not lie".

1. How old was the main character when he entered the gymnasium?

six years
seven years
eight years
ten years

2.What grade did Minka receive for the poem?

unit
two
three
five

3.Where did the boy lose his first diary?

in the garden
in the park
in the park
At school

4. How was the diary found?

the police found him
a dog found him
a woman found him
dad found him

5. Find in the text what Minka’s dad says when the deception was revealed?

6. Why is the story named like that? or How would you title this story?

Summarizing.(slides 6-8)

The team receives tokens:

2 tokens if the answer is correct, complete.

1 token if the answer is given using a command.

0 tokens if not answered.

Summarizing.

- What do all the stories you listened to today have in common?

What did Mikhail Zoshchenko write about in his stories?

What did he want to teach his readers?

Counting tokens.

Filling out the final table.

(slide 9)

Emotional response.

What did you like?

What was difficult?

Who was irreplaceable in each group?

What was your mood from the lesson? Filling out the table.(slide 10)

Homework.

Prepare a retelling of M. Zoshchenko’s work “Yolka”

MM. Zoshchenko. "The most important". 1. What was the name of the cowardly boy? Tolik Sanka Andryusha Seryozha 2. Mom often told her son that everyone loves .....? cowardly obedient brave good 3. What did the dog do when Andrei hit it? bit him, tore his pants, barked loudly, ran away 4. Where did the guys swim? in a river in the sea in a lake in a pond 5. What is the main idea of the work? you must always obey, you must always be brave, you must learn everything 6. How would you title this work?

MM. Zoshchenko. "Do not lie". 1. How old was the main character when he entered the gymnasium? ten six seven eight 2. What grade did Minka receive for the poem? five two one three 3. Where did the boy lose his first diary? in the garden in the park at school in the park 4. Who found the missing diary? woman police dog dad 5. What did dad say when he found out about the deception? the secret becomes clear, well done, lies will always be revealed 6. How would you title this work?

Storyteller Graphic artist Connoisseurs Support group “Silly story.” "The most important". "Do not lie".

Vova K. Misha Danya P. Slava Stas Dima B. Danya I. Valya Dasha Kolya Vova I. Egor Dima R. Seryozha Ekaterina Borisovna

Books for children: 0_2c913_72380ce8_L.jpeg 01-11544.jp 01-12671.jp 05506bdef63874a51df4 48322.jpg 51209.jpg 77392_big.j 107870----.j 383116. jpg 791944060. 1320753984_mihail-zoschenko-veselaya-igra.jpg 4607031762479. jpg 9785170596935.jpg 9785170696154.jpg 9785488008434.jpg bc0db4f8ac62.jpg fd05f2b08e6d6d524555d6c5754.jpg img_257436.jpg Scan1031 0.jpg M. M. Zoshchenko 0_59e3_18807e9_L.jpg 0009-009-1895-1958.jpg 0073-022.jpg 66111_or.jpg 47327477_Mihail_Zoscenko.jpg i_003.png monument - d117820174ee.jpg museum-apartment - zoshenko02.jpg

Sections: Literature

Lesson objectives:

prove that M. Zoshchenko’s stories are modern and relevant;
improve skills in analyzing a literary work;
to arouse in students a sustainable interest in the works of M. Zoshchenko and in literature in general.

Equipment:

portrait of M. Zoshchenko;
two cartoons of the writer’s portrait;
an exhibition of reproductions of paintings depicting the era of the construction of socialism;
record player;
recording of the song “Wide is the Country...”;
objects (cake, glass, light bulb, number plate, airplane, tray);
voting basket;
dictionaries;
historical materials;
mood images.

During the classes.

I. Definition of the problem:

“Is laughter a serious matter..?” We have to solve this problem in class, in addition, we will find out whether Zoshchenko’s stories are modern?

And our goal:

Try to laugh
(After all, it’s not a sin to laugh)
Laughing, get to the bottom of it,
Why do we find it so funny?

II. Teacher's word:

Music. (“Wide is my native country...”)

In 1922, on December 30, when the civil war had already ended, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was officially proclaimed. Soon the USSR declared itself as a powerful, invincible state. This exhibition reflects all aspects of life in the Soviet Union during the era of socialism. The same achievements of industrialization, collectivization, and cultural revolution were glorified in the literature of that time.

Was everything so smooth?

Let us turn to materials reflecting the era. They are in front of you. Please read carefully.

What catches your eye? (Mismatch)

Give examples. Draw a conclusion.

So, we have outlined the deep inconsistencies of the era. M. Zoshchenko also discovered the same contradictions. Here are two cartoons of the writer’s portrait. You know that Zoshchenko is the author of humorous stories. He was presented like this, but in reality he was different.

Why? (Outwardly, like a country, mighty and strong, in reality – sick, devastated).

III. The era of M. Zoshchenko.

Historical background 1.

“...in conditions when the working class, when the party and the USSR carry out self-criticism through party purges, through effective control of the masses... is satire necessary?”

Historical background 2.

In the 1930s, Stalin, instead of the ideal of a revolutionary destroyer, proclaimed a hero “a simple, ordinary person, a “cog” who keeps our great state mechanism in a state of activity.”

But it was precisely such a simple person who became the hero of Zoshchenko’s stories. The writer's stories were feared because they were not harmless, they were satirical.

Let's remember the difference between humor and satire? You can consult a dictionary.

Humor is the depiction of something in a funny, comic form. Unlike satire, humor does not expose, but cheerfully jokes.

Satire is an exposure of human vices and shortcomings of life, negative phenomena of reality.

IV. Items from the writer's stories.

These are the objects that seem to have left the pages of M. Zoshchenko’s stories and become the center of comic situations.

What stories are they from, if you can, name these stories? (Teacher shows objects).

Why did these objects cause laughter? (Surprise, inconsistency: theater - food, funeral - quarrel over a glass, it’s funny to us, since the story is humorous, but this is only at first glance).

V. Analysis of M. Zoshchenko's stories.

Now let’s analyze the story “Aristocrat”. Our task is to determine what Zoshchenko is laughing at and how he achieves this?

In your notebooks, divide the page in the same way as on the board.

So, the story is short, about 150 lines.

Does this play a role? Why? Let's write it down - brevity.

The story is simple in plot, recall it briefly. A poor man invites a lady to the theater. They go to the buffet. Money is running short. This is the basis of his experiences. This is also Zoshchenko’s technique.

Let's write it down - the simplicity of the plot.

- “I, my brothers, don’t like women...” From whom is the story coming? What is this technique called in literature? You can consult a dictionary. We write it down - in a fabulous manner.

What can you say about such a hero? (Stupid, dark, uneducated, ignorant, ignorant).

An ignoramus is a rude, ill-mannered person.

An ignoramus is a poorly educated person.

In a word, a tradesman is a person with petty interests and a narrow outlook.

The tradesman from Zoshchenko’s story, as expected, cannot think. Maybe it was precisely these ladies in hats and stockings that he saw on posters and since then he has perceived them as enemies.

But why is the tooth suddenly golden? What could he be talking about? (Spanish fashion, an indicator of material well-being).

What kind of reception is this? (Detail).

Why such an abundance of details? (Forcing, strengthening). Let's write it down - pumping up details.

What else catches your eye? What is the hero's speech? (Examples). Colloquialisms, stylistically degraded vocabulary, sometimes jargon. We write down the hero’s speech.

So, the exhibition is planned. What it is?

Ideology is a system of views and ideas that characterize a social group, class, or political party.

What does inappropriate use of words indicate? Let's write it down - inappropriate use of words.

The hero remembers his failed romance. How does he care for the heroine? (He comes to someone not as an “official person” with a question about the serviceability of the water supply and the restroom, that is, the courtship takes place “against the background of production”).

Why? Who is he? (Plumber, and we remember that a representative of the working class stands above everyone else).

Funny? Sad!

Who is this aristocrat? Can we say that she and the hero are birds of a feather? Why?

What does she like about the hero? Prove it.

Why does she want to go to the theater?

The hero gets a ticket, how?

They go to the theater. Does he interest the heroes? Prove it.

Let's take a break. I give you a mood (two pictures), read the passage marked in the text with this mood.

What conclusion can be drawn?

Why do we find it funny?

What is special about Zoshchenko’s style? (Simplicity, clarity, brightness, liveliness). Let's write down the author's style.

A warning sounded: “If,” I say, “you want to eat one cake, then don’t be shy. I’ll pay” (The hero is worried)

What does she answer? (Mercy).

What is this word?

The hero again gives his companion an assessment. How is she going? What kind of gait is this?

- “...pick up the cream and eat it...”, the hero is worried. Prove it.

The climax is coming. What it is?

The hero screams, scandal. Read this scene in their faces.

Everything becomes clear. The heroine sees the true face of the gentleman. He is a poor man, no authority, and also a fool.

What does the hero think about her? Prove it.

The denouement has come. What it is?

Write down in the second column of the table what Zoshchenko laughed at in this story? What did you get?

Conclusion: the vices in the story are depicted visibly, the situation develops from funny to satirical, the essence of philistinism is exposed.

But here's another situation. Story “Glass”. Remind me of the plot.

Read the first paragraph, removing expressions specific to Zoshchenko. Is there any reason to laugh?

We were convinced that without the author’s special linguistic techniques there would be no effect. (The author’s text is read out).

This is a satirical story. What is Zoshchenko laughing at in this story? Complete the table.

VI. Teacher's word.

These are the heroes of the era. Could these “cogs” be the personification of the strength and power of the state, as they were destined to be? So, we need another hero.

I leave it to you to make a choice. Each of you has two sheets of paper. On the first one, you will indicate the quality that you cannot do without in the future, and on the other, the quality that you will gladly throw in the trash bin so that you will never encounter it in life. (Students go out and vote, justifying their choice).

You don’t take with you what Zoshchenko laughed at. Therefore, his stories are relevant.

Is laughter a serious matter? Are we removing the question?

Gogol, whose traditions Zoshchenko followed, said: “Oh, laughter is a great thing! There is nothing more that a person is afraid of than laughter... By being afraid of laughter, a person will refrain from doing something that no force could restrain him from.”

VII. Homework (optional):

analyze any story by Zoshchenko, motivating your choice;
describe a funny situation, while trying to use techniques characteristic of Zoshchenko.

Literature lesson notes

M. M. ZOSCHENKO. STORY “TROUBLE”

Goals :

introduce the writer’s work;

identify the satirical nature of the story;

improve the ability to analyze a literary work.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

II. Checking homework.

III. Studying a new topic.

1. Teacher's word.

Today we will get acquainted with one of M. Zoshchenko’s satirical stories. A writer once remarked: “For almost 20 years, adults believed that I wrote for their amusement. But I never wrote for fun.” Humor presupposes cheerful, friendly laughter, and in Zoshchenko’s stories, laughter is mixed with annoyance and sadness. The author ridicules the absurdity of life, the vulgarity and worthlessness of the existence of ordinary people, and depicts the heroes in caricatures. These are signs of satire. By ridiculing evil, the author affirms good.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko born in St. Petersburg on July 28, 1894. His father is Russian artist Mikhail Ivanovich Zoshchenko. Mother, Elena Osipovna Zoshchenko, was a theater actress before her marriage and published her stories in a newspaper. Mikhail Mikhailovich entered the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University in 1913. At this time, Zoshchenko began writing his first stories. In 1915, he volunteered for the front of the First World War, where he commanded a battalion and became a Knight of St. George. In 1917, Zoshchenko returned to St. Petersburg and a year later volunteered for the Red Army, despite heart disease. In 1919, after the Civil War, Zoshchenko entered the creative studio at the World Literature publishing house in revolutionary Petrograd, led by Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. In 1920-1921 Zoshchenko's stories are published. The writer’s first book was published under the title “Stories of Nazar Ilyich, Mr. Sinebryukhov” in 1922. By the mid-20s. XX century Zoshchenko becomes one of the most popular writers in Soviet Russia. Feuilletons occupy a significant place in Zoshchenko’s work. The writer worked on radio, in Leningrad newspapers and the Krokodil magazine. Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Zoshchenko was evacuated to Alma-Ata, where he worked in the Mosfilm script studio. In the spring of 1943, Zoshchenko returned to Moscow from evacuation and was a member of the editorial board of the satirical magazine "Crocodile". He worked a lot for the theater.
Mikhail Zoshchenko died in Leningrad on July 22, 1958. The writer was buried in the city of Sestroretsk.

2. Reading the articletextbook (pp. 205–207) about M. Zoshchenko.

3. Conversation.

– What surprised you about the writer’s personality?

– How can we explain the fact that Zoshchenko gained great fame almost immediately after the publication of his stories?

– Who were his main readers?

– Why did the writer think that one should not only laugh at his stories, but also cry?

4. Working in a notebook.

Humor - an image of something in a funny, comic form; humor - cheerful and friendly laughter.

Satire – exposure of human vices and shortcomings of life, negative phenomena of reality; merciless ridicule.

5. Reading to the teachermstory"Trouble."

6. Conversation on issues.

– What is he like, the hero of the story? What kind of person?

– Why does he refuse to buy a horse from a man from a neighboring village?

– How would you characterize the hero’s actions at the bazaar? Why did he behave this way?

– Remember how the hero walked home with his purchase. What happened to him and why?

– What in the text indicates the depth of his experiences?

– What causes laughter, irritation, tears in this story?

– Who is to blame for the fact that everything ended so sadly?

– What “philistine traits” do you think a man should get rid of?

– What language does the hero Zoshchenko speak?(The story contains a lot of colloquialisms, so-called “reduced” vocabulary, grammatical irregularities: “but here it’s all wrong”, “I doubt, dear, in the sense of horse blossom”, “let it go”, “splash up”, “what the hell is this for?” ... they sell wine.")

– What role does language play in the story?(Speech says a lot about a person. For example, we understand that the person in front of us is narrow-minded and not very literate.)

– What is the author of the story laughing at and grieving about?

What meaning does the writer give to the word “trouble”? Why did he call the story that?

– Do you think M. Zoshchenko’s stories are relevant today and why?

– So what is typical for M. Zoshchenko’s story: humor or satire?

V. Summing up the lesson.

M. Zoshchenko laughed at ugliness and stupidity in his stories in order to convince people to live smarter and more worthy. “It is not gloating rubbing of hands at the sight of all sorts of absurdities noticed in life that drives him [the satirist] to the table, but love and pain. Love for people, pain for the imperfections of their lives,” noted Yu. Tomashevsky. Making fun of evil, M. Zoshchenko shows, teaches, explains, appealing to the mind and conscience of the reader.

Homework: questions on p. 216