Is it possible to overcome cowardice? Introduction. Love and cowardice

Of course, I knew that pregnant women could have toxicosis and was mentally prepared for it. Maybe that’s why my first months of pregnancy passed calmly and without any complications. But now I have another problem: sometimes my leg muscles cramp very badly.

On the forum, the girls said that these could be leg cramps during pregnancy. I would like to know how serious this is and what needs to be done in such a situation.

What is a cramp?

Indeed, leg cramps are a fairly common occurrence in pregnant women. Convulsions appear in the form of a sharp contraction of the muscle. She suddenly shrinks tightly and freezes in this state. If you try to feel the area that is cramping, you will find a lump under the skin.

Know! Usually convulsive contractions come suddenly. At the same time, a piercing pain is felt. Most often, cramps occur in the calf muscles. During such a spasm, you will not be able to move your leg, because the slightest movement will be painful. When the muscles of the lower leg cramp, the foot straightens and extends forward.

It has been noticed that cramps in the legs mainly occur during pregnancy at night or during daytime rest. The spasm may occur as you begin to fall asleep or immediately after you wake up.

Why do my legs often cramp during pregnancy?

Carrying a child is a very difficult period for a woman. You experience increased stress on your legs and the entire body as a whole.

1. There is an increase in the volume of circulating blood;
2. The outflow of venous blood in the legs becomes difficult;
3. Long walking or, conversely, being in a sitting position does not have a very good effect on the condition of the musculoskeletal system;
4. The baby “pulls” a lot of nutrients from the mother’s body, and you feel a lack of them, read the article on how to bear a healthy baby >>>
5. The water-electrolyte balance is disturbed;
6. During pregnancy, your immune system weakens and existing chronic diseases may appear.

It is not surprising that in this situation the body often “fails.” The appearance of cramps during pregnancy is not very good sign. They do not pose a direct threat to your health, but indicate problems that have appeared in the functioning of organs.

You should not think that cramps are a temporary phenomenon that will soon go away on its own. If you do not take any measures, such spasms can spread to the muscles of the uterus. And this is a real threat of premature birth!

Therefore, if you experience cramps in your calves during pregnancy, you should immediately consult your doctor. He will help determine the cause of seizures and prescribe treatment.

Causes of cramps during pregnancy

Seizures can be caused by various factors. Some of them are quite harmless:

• incorrect position of the legs during sleep, which compresses the blood vessels;
• insufficient blood supply to the muscles due to a sedentary lifestyle.

In such cases, it is very easy to get rid of painful spasms. It is enough to choose a more comfortable sleeping position or do the simplest physical exercise.

Other causes of leg cramps during pregnancy are more serious.

1st trimester

2nd trimester

In the second trimester, a large consumption of microelements is also possible. This happens because it is during this period that the maximum growth spurt of the fetus is observed. In order not to experience the need for vitamins and essential microelements, take the course Secrets of proper nutrition for an expectant mother >>>

Know! The main reason why legs cramp during pregnancy is a lack of potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamins B and D.

Losing these useful substances It also happens with uncontrolled use of diuretics. On the other hand, a lack of necessary microelements will be felt if you do not adhere to a balanced diet. For the same reason, an excess of phosphates or sodium may occur, which also affects the appearance of convulsive spasms.

3rd trimester

The third trimester has its own characteristics - the child has grown significantly, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to carry him. Important information You will find information about this period in the article 3rd trimester of pregnancy >>>

The causes of seizures may include:

1. Phlebeurysm;
2. Compression of the inferior vena cava by the enlarged uterus.

The development of seizures also contributes to:

• smoking;
• consumption of caffeinated drinks;
• severe anemia or a sharp decrease in hemoglobin levels (more about anemia during pregnancy >>>);
• abnormal blood sugar levels;
• stress.

If none of the above reasons is confirmed, you should conduct a full examination to identify diseases internal organs or other complications of pregnancy.

And yet, conversations with the doctor and examination will come later, but what to do immediately at the moment when your legs cramp during pregnancy? I recommend using the following tips:

1. Gently but firmly pull your toes towards you. Then release the tension and repeat the procedure again. You need to act, even if the movement causes pain. We must try to be calm and breathe deeply;
2. If you can’t move your toes yourself, you can rest your toe against a wall or other support and apply pressure. The movements should be repeated several times until the muscle relaxes;
3. To relieve spasm, you need to warm the muscle. To do this, you can rub the painful area with your hand or apply a warm heating pad (mustard plasters). A light, gentle massage or a warm foot bath will also help;
4. There is also good folk remedy: pinch a muscle or prick with a pin.

After the spasm passes, it is advisable to walk around the room, then lie down and put your feet on a pillow. This way you will be able to avoid recurrent seizures.

Preventing seizures during pregnancy

There are also tips on how to minimize the frequency of leg cramps or get rid of them completely (depending on what the provoking cause is).

• Wear comfortable shoes, which should have low (4 - 5 cm) heels and fit properly;
• Do simple physical exercises regularly: roll from heel to toe, rise on your toes, stand on your heels, etc. You can do yoga for pregnant women, water aerobics;
• Stretch your legs (but not your toes) frequently. This helps a lot if leg cramps appear at night during pregnancy;
• Try not to stand in one place for a long time and not cross your legs;
• Massage your feet, use massage mats or balls;
• Make foot baths with sea salt (2 tablespoons of salt per 5 liters of water);
• If you have varicose veins, it is advisable to wear compression tights or stockings;
• Adjust your diet: you need to eat in small portions at regular intervals and not indulge in sweets.

It is very important to review your diet and include foods that contain:

1. Potassium (bananas, dried apricots, seaweed, etc.);
2. Calcium (green leafy vegetables, eggs, dairy products, nuts, etc.);
3. Magnesium (dried fruits, legumes, beets, etc.) (For more information about what you can and should eat, read the article Nutrition during pregnancy >>>)

You shouldn't eat food instant cooking, soft drinks that contain phosphates.

If it is determined that the cause of leg cramps during pregnancy is an imbalance of microelements and vitamins, then the doctor may recommend long-term use of special fortified complexes.

Medicines should also only be prescribed by a doctor. You cannot treat leg cramps during pregnancy on your own! It is especially important to remember this if the cramps are accompanied by edema, numbness, swelling or for a long time don't pass.

Convulsions- This is an involuntary and rather painful muscle contraction caused by poor circulation in this area of ​​the body.

Quite often, women first experience leg cramps during pregnancy. “Legs together,” as they say in common parlance, can happen for a variety of reasons, the main ones of which are described below.

Why do pregnant women experience leg cramps?

Most often, seizures are not an independent disease. Cramps of the lower extremities are more likely a symptom of some disease, a sign of poor circulation or excessive muscle strain.

Your legs may cramp due to:

• predisposition or presence of varicose veins (since this disease leads to poor circulation in the extremities);
• muscle fatigue;
• improperly selected shoes or wearing high heels;
• uncomfortable posture or prolonged stay without movement during sleep (the legs become numb and cramp);
• swelling of the legs of various origins;
• cold feet syndrome;
• metabolic disorders (potassium, calcium and magnesium deficiency), which leads to muscle weakness and spasms;
• the presence of inflammatory processes in muscles or ligaments;
• diabetes mellitus (since this disease disrupts the peripheral circulation of the legs);
• neurological problems, in particular diseases of the lower spine;
• hormonal imbalance (but then the pregnant woman is diagnosed with “threatened miscarriage” and she undergoes hormonal therapy), but if nothing threatens the pregnancy, then convulsions can occur due to changes in hormonal status (when the body has not yet had time to adapt).

But as a rule, leg cramps are observed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. The reason for this is the increased load on the muscles and ligaments of the legs, because the pregnant woman’s tummy is constantly increasing in size and weight. In addition, the enlarged uterus often compresses the large blood vessels of the pelvis, which disrupts the venous outflow and cramps the legs.

It is also worth saying that during pregnancy the need for microelements increases, because the baby takes a certain part of them from the mother’s body. With a deficiency of such important nutrients as potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, cramps in the calves and toes may occur. Therefore, if a woman has not yet started taking a special complex of vitamins for pregnant women, it is worth thinking about it.

Why do my legs cramp more often at night?

This may happen due to:

• uncomfortable body position or prolonged immobility during sleep. At the same time, blood circulation in the legs is disrupted and the legs cramp.
• increased muscle excitability due to drinking excessive amounts of coffee or tea during the day. These drinks are muscle stimulants due to the presence of caffeine in them, so excessive intake of coffee or tea does not allow the legs to relax even during a night's rest.
• In most women, swelling of the legs increases in the evening due to the stress suffered during the day. The appearance of edema causes leg cramps.

Nighttime cramps can be longer and more painful than daytime cramps. You need to know how to make your muscles relax and stop the development of pain.

What to do during a seizure attack?

It is necessary to remember the sequence of actions for cramps of various groups of leg muscles and practice in advance to quickly and clearly perform them. This will help relieve spasms without unnecessary fuss in a minimum amount of time.

General procedure:

1. Straighten your leg.
2. Engage antagonist muscles (see explanation below).
3. Activate blood circulation by rubbing the painful area.

Detailed procedures for different muscles

1. If there is a spasm in the muscles of the foot and calves, the first step is to forcefully pull the sock towards you (see Figure 1).

Figure 1 – Method for getting rid of foot and calf cramps

In this way, antagonist muscles will be activated, which do the opposite work. And if they tense, then the cramped muscles should spontaneously relax. This is provided for by the structure of the body of each person.

With the other hand, you need to thoroughly and quickly rub, knead, and pinch the cramped muscle.

Such actions will reduce spasm and increase blood flow in the spasmed muscle.

Also, painful contractions in the calf muscles can be stopped by pressing on certain points. Press sharply, quickly and forcefully thumb in the center of the popliteal fossa of the flattened leg. Next, you need to press the point above the heel 5-6 cm, and moving your hand up, press the calf three times at intervals of several centimeters.

2. If you have a cramp in the front of your thigh, bend your leg at the knee, pulling it towards your chest with your hands (see Figure 2). If the deadline no longer allows you to do this, then you need to pull your leg as close to your stomach as possible, but without squeezing it.

Rub the cramped muscle and repeat all over again.

Figure 2 - Method for getting rid of cramps on the anterior thigh

3. If you experience spasm in the hamstrings and/or buttocks, lift the cramped leg and straighten it at the knee (see Figure 3). Rub the back of your thigh thoroughly with your hands. If necessary, do this all again.

Figure 3 – Relief from hamstring cramps

This instruction is useful for all pregnant women to study, regardless of whether they suffer from leg cramps or not, because no one is immune from its occurrence.

Seizure prevention

What can I do to avoid or reduce the frequency of seizures? The first step is to identify and try to eliminate the cause of their occurrence.

If the woman does not suffer from any of the diseases listed at the beginning of the article, then the general recommendations should be followed.

1. Eat more greens, vegetables, fruits (in winter period dried fruits, such as dried apricots, dates, prunes) and sesame seeds (a source of calcium). Increase the amount of fermented milk products in your diet. Avoid excessive consumption of tea and coffee, salty, spicy and pickled. Try to drink more clean water, and only 30% of total number The liquid consumed should be juices, fruit drinks, compotes.

Convulsions- an unpleasant phenomenon. During this time they often bother the woman. However, you should know that this is not normal condition the body in which the child grows and develops. This is a sign that the body is missing something.

Causes of seizures

Leg cramps occur frequently, and there are reasons for this, the main one being a deficiency in the body microelements: potassium, calcium and magnesium, as well as vitamins.
If in the first trimester of pregnancy their deficiency occurs as a result, accompanied by vomiting and loss of appetite, then in the second and third - due to the increased needs of the growing child.

Important! Smoking and drinking contribute to the development of leg cramps. large quantity drinks containing caffeine, including strong tea.

There are a number of other reasons why cramps occur during pregnancy in the calves and legs.

• Reduced blood glucose levels. This is one of the reasons why pregnant women are recommended to take fractional meals, during which the glucose level required by the body is maintained.
• Frequently recurring convulsions in expectant mothers may occur when severe anemia.
• In the last trimester of pregnancy, the causes of calf cramps can be not only a lack of vitamins and microelements, but also. Diseased veins of the lower extremities are not able to cope with the increased load, blood begins to stagnate in them, and swelling appears. Impaired blood circulation leads to nutrition of the muscle becomes difficult: nutrients do not enter in the required quantities, the metabolic product is not completely eliminated. All this serves as a favorable background for the development of seizures.
• Inferior vena cava syndrome also contributes to the occurrence of cramps in the leg muscles. In this case, being in a supine position, the woman’s uterus compresses the inferior vena cava. This leads to weak venous outflow, and, consequently, to calf cramps.
• Incorrect use of diuretics can provoke a mineral leaching effect, which also causes muscle cramps.

What is the danger

The danger to the health of the baby and mother is not the cramps themselves, but the causes of their occurrence. They are the ones that negatively affect the general well-being of both.

• At stressful situations, nervous breakdown and strong emotions in a pregnant woman metabolism is disturbed and a calcium deficiency develops, manifested by seizures. This affects the health of the mother and the development of the child in the womb.
• During severe convulsions, a woman experiences severe toxicosis with frequent vomiting, which leads to dehydration and impairment water-mineral metabolism in organism. These changes, of course, affect the child’s health.
• Anemia causes intrauterine oxygen starvation of a child and is fraught feeling unwell moms.
• Lack of vitamins in the mother's body it causes brittle nails, hair loss, dental problems, and for the baby - the danger of intrauterine growth retardation.
• Varicose veins During pregnancy there is a risk of blood clot rupture, the consequences of which will be disastrous.
• Tense muscles of the limbs can cause tension in the muscles of the uterus, which threatens the appearance of training contractions, and in worst case can lead to miscarriage or premature birth.
• The most dangerous are generalized seizures. They are characterized by a woman’s complete loss of control over her body, blackout, and severe convulsions. The consequences are unpredictable. During a seizure, the brain is paralyzed and the supply of oxygen to the tissues is stopped. This can seriously affect the nervous and mental development the baby and the mother herself.

First aid

If you experience sudden pain during pregnancy, first aid for cramps is simply necessary. To cope with pain and get rid of spasms before doctors arrive, you need to take the following measures:

• relieve muscle tension. To do this, strain and stretch the sore muscle, repeat this exercise until completely relaxed. Lightly tingling the muscle with a pin or needle will also help;
• warm up the muscle massage;
• restore blood circulation in the legs- carefully walk around the room, stand on your toes, roll from toe to heel;
• avoid recurrent attacks- lie down with your legs raised up.

Did you know? Many expectant mothers' feet change. Not only does it become thicker due to weight changes and swelling, but it also becomes a little longer. So you may need to buy shoes 1-2 sizes larger after giving birth.

How to treat cramps during pregnancy

During pregnancy, women often experience cramps in their legs, and because expectant mothers do not know what to do, they begin self-treatment on what to do. absolutely not possible.

Contact your doctor as soon as possible. If necessary, you will be prescribed additional laboratory tests and recommended to consult specialists - a therapist, a neurologist, an endocrinologist.

Usually the doctor prescribes medications or vitamin complexes designed to compensate for the deficiency of substances.
If the examination does not reveal anything serious, the doctor will give some advice to alleviate the condition and are preventive measures.

To avoid cramps, pregnant women are not allowed to wear shoes. high heels: maximum 4–5 cm.

If a pregnant woman is forced to stand for a long time, when a large load is placed on her legs, she should perform simple exercises, which will help normalize blood circulation in the calf muscles.

For this purpose, you can alternately roll your foot from heel to toe and back. You can simply rise on your toes several times and lower your foot back to the floor.
While resting, try to elevate your legs. You can massage your legs, and the movements should be performed taking into account the direction of venous blood through the vessels of the lower extremities, that is, from the foot to the thigh.

In case of varicose veins, it is necessary to wear special anti-varicose tights and stockings. Take contrast showers more often. Baths at room temperature with sea salt will be useful.

Did you know? Tuesday is a popular day for children to be born. Scientists studied the dynamics of child birth and found that most children are born on Tuesday. The fewest children are born on Saturday and Sunday.

Prevention

• First of all, Special attention You need to pay particular attention to the choice of shoes, as they should be as comfortable as possible. Heel height- no more than 5 cm.
• During rest you need to raise your legs to a slight elevation.
• Do it before bed warm baths with the addition of sea salt.
• If during pregnancy such an unpleasant disease as varicose veins develops, it is recommended to use special stockings and tights, but their use should be discussed with your doctor.
• Try to avoid putting too much stress on your legs, and if you need to be on your feet for a long time, you should perform simple but effective exercises.
• Starting from the third trimester it is recommended sleep on your left side, since it is precisely by staying in this position during sleep that you can prevent compression of the inferior vena cava.

Important! To prevent your legs from cramping at night, you can place them on a small elevation before going to bed - place a small pillow, bolster or simple blanket folded several times under your feet.

Most often, cramps in the legs during pregnancy occur at night, and in order to relieve a strong attack, you need to pull the toes of the painful toe several times, after which you need to relax it.

After this, the tension should ease a little, and the cramp will gradually release the muscle, and then a light and gentle massage is performed, but do not be too zealous.

Examples of school essays on the topic "Arts and Crafts"

How does a person feel when it comes to art?
Some people remember the paintings famous artists,
others are sculptures or books of great classics.

Art is not just an abstract concept, it is a reflection of the life of a person and the entire society over many centuries of their development.
Moral character person, his feelings and thoughts, worldview and spiritual world- all this adds up to a certain system, which is usually called spiritual values. Spiritual values ​​serve to form a person’s personality, his individuality.

Separate historical events or atmosphere an entire era, class struggle or the struggle of generations, living conditions in a country or the situation in the world become a source for various types of art. History, as one critic noted, directly influences what themes and images will be relevant. Artists often turn to events of the past, but this is only because they often resonate with the present.

Enough at school great attention is devoted to the study of literature, which examines the work of many writers different countries and different times. Exactly at works of art the authors reveal what is actually happening, give their assessment, and draw conclusions. And it’s up to the reader to accept this or form his own opinion.

But in every work it is displayed spiritual development society and social conditions that contribute to this cultural heritage of this or that people. Not only literature is capable of reflecting reality, but also painting, sculpture, even fashion are able to tell about what is especially relevant at the moment.

Real presentation is the goal pursued by art as a whole. But it is necessary not only to present the events, but to formalize them artistically, to convey to the reader or viewer the significance and influence of these events on public consciousness.

Art is created by the people themselves, which is why it reflects their life, their thoughts and experiences. It can show not only the beautiful, but also depict evil in order to call for a fight against it, which will certainly lead to its fall before the beautiful and eternal: love, truth, happiness.

When raising the question of how to write an essay on the topic: “Art,” you should remember that this concept will never lose its value and significance. Times and image styles may change. Romanticism is being replaced by realism, naturalism, and fantasy is in fashion today.

But the very role of art will never change; it will always bring truth, eternal spiritual values, the artist’s vision of time and his perception of the era to the people.
That is why, regardless of the situation in the world, from cultural development people's interest in works of art will not dry up.
And this is important, because only in this way can a person be inspired to do good deeds.

Essay-reasoning on thematic area Art and craft
Art originated in ancient times.
With the help of drawings and frescoes, ancient artists depicted different aspects of life: hunting, wars, everyday life.
Musicians expressed feelings and experiences through their works, and writers wrote ballads, describing phenomena, events and glorifying the exploits of their contemporaries.

Art always accompanies humanity, changing over time and accepting characteristics various parts of the world.
Regardless of geographical, historical, natural and cultural qualities, works of art convey the character of life, human appearance, and everyday life through musical, pictorial or other means.

Each type of art has its own characteristics, but they are all called upon to do one thing - to educate people, to participate in the development of their personality, character, creativity. By creating their works, the authors introduce us to their vision of the world. They explain and evaluate events that will be captured forever on canvas, sheet music or book volumes. But art would not be such if it showed only facts and life’s ups and downs. A rich imagination is a quality that a master always needs to create his masterpieces that give aesthetic pleasure to humanity.

Millions of people love music. Romances, popular works, beautiful symphonies - our fate is inextricably linked with them throughout life path. What aching joy from nostalgic memories or dreams can be experienced from the beautiful orchestral arrangements of Paul Maria! And listening to Vivaldi’s “The Seasons”, an exciting feeling arises in the heart, goosebumps run down the skin.

There are many people who collect art paintings, albums: originals or reproductions. They travel the world in search of certain works. Others are ready to stand in long lines at galleries to see paintings by El Greco or Ilya Repin. Looking into the faces of people who visited the museum, you can often notice in their eyes spirituality and satisfaction from what they saw: they touched the beautiful, which means they became a little better.

Humanity lives, develops, learns and strives for knowledge and embodiment. It feels the need to capture interesting and best moments in music or canvas for his descendants. Art is like a huge book where the most beautiful things in the world are stored. Many pages in it have not yet been written. And I would like to hope that this volume will be replenished with worthy works for many centuries to come.

Essay-argument on the thematic area of ​​Art and Craft
The hallmark of craft is stability.
A craftsman can make a pot any day and sell it, but talent will look for inspiration, suffer from creativity, and in the end they may end up with something that no one will buy.

Talent creates beyond boundaries and rules.
And the artisan analyzes the finished product, chooses a strategy and copies the method.

The craftsman simply works to master the technique and does not tell anything with his creativity.
It just works.

Art is creativity, creating something new.
And craft is the replication of what has already been created, in in this case objects of art.
Although this is also useful activity, not everyone can purchase originals of great masters, but a copy or poster is inexpensive.

Art and craft may seem to be similar concepts, but they have significant differences.
In order to learn a craft, you do not need to have outstanding talents.

Art appears purely thanks to people who are exceptionally gifted in their field.
Craft helps to obtain a means of subsistence, but art does not let go of the artist, it is equal to existence for the creator.

Final essay on literature 2018. The topic of the final essay on literature. "Courage and cowardice."

FIPI comment: At the core this direction lies a comparison of opposite manifestations of the human “I”: readiness for decisive actions and the desire to hide from danger, to avoid solving complex, sometimes extreme life situations. On the pages of many literary works presents both heroes capable of courageous actions and characters demonstrating weakness of spirit and lack of will.

1. Courage and cowardice as abstract concepts and human properties (in a broad sense). Within this section, you can reflect on the following topics: Courage and cowardice as personality traits, as two sides of the same coin. Courage/cowardice as personality traits determined by reflexes. True and false courage/cowardice. Courage as a manifestation of excessive self-confidence. Courage and risk taking. Courage/cowardice and self-confidence. The connection between cowardice and selfishness. The difference between rational fear and cowardice. The connection between courage and philanthropy, philanthropy, etc.

2. Courage/cowardice in minds, souls, characters. In this section, you can reflect on the concepts of willpower, fortitude, the ability to say no, the courage to stand up for your ideals, the courage needed to stand up for what you believe in. You can also talk about cowardice, as the inability to defend one’s ideals and principles. Courage or cowardice when making decisions. Courage and cowardice when accepting something new. Courage and cowardice when trying to leave your comfort zone. The courage to admit the truth or admit your mistakes. The influence of courage and cowardice on the formation of personality. Contrasting two types of people.

3. Courage/cowardice in life. Pettiness, inability to show courage in a specific life situation.

4. Courage/cowardice in war and in extreme conditions. War exposes the most basic human fears. In war, a person is able to display previously unknown character traits. Sometimes a person surprises himself by showing heroism and unprecedented fortitude. And sometimes even good people, contrary to his expectations, shows cowardice. The concepts of heroism, feat, as well as desertion, betrayal, etc. are associated with courage/cowardice within this section.

5. Courage and cowardice in love.

COURAGE– a positive moral-volitional personality trait, manifested as determination, fearlessness, courage when performing actions associated with risk and danger. Courage allows a person to overcome, through volitional efforts, the fear of something unknown, complex, new and achieve success in achieving a goal. It is not for nothing that this quality is highly revered by the people: “God controls the brave,” “The city takes courage.” It is also revered as the ability to speak the truth (“Dare to have your own judgment”). Courage allows you to face the “truth” and objectively assess your capabilities, not be afraid of darkness, loneliness, water, heights and other difficulties and obstacles. Courage provides a person with a sense of self-worth, a sense of responsibility, security, and reliability of life.

Synonyms: courage, determination, courage, heroism, enterprise, self-reliance, self-confidence, energy; presence, uplifting spirit; spirit, courage, desire (to tell the truth), audacity, boldness; fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness, fearlessness; fearlessness, determination, daring, heroism, courage, riskiness, desperation, audacity, innovation, daring, audacity, audacity, daring, poverty, valor, novelty, courage, masculinity.

COWARDLY - one of the expressions of cowardice; a negative, moral quality that characterizes the behavior of a person who is unable to perform actions that meet moral requirements (or, conversely, refrain from immoral actions) due to the inability to overcome fear of natural or social forces. T. can be a manifestation of calculating selfishness, when it is based on fears of incurring unfavorable consequences, someone’s anger, fear of losing existing benefits, or social status. It can also be subconscious, a manifestation of spontaneous fear of unknown phenomena, unknown and uncontrollable social and natural laws. In both cases, T. is not just an individual property of the psyche of a particular person, but social phenomenon. It is associated either with selfishness, rooted in the psychology of people throughout centuries-old history private property, or with the powerlessness and depressed position of a person generated by a state of alienation (even fear of natural phenomena develops into T. only in certain conditions social life and the corresponding education of a person). Communist morality condemns terrorism because it leads to immoral actions: dishonesty, opportunism, unprincipledness, deprives a person of the ability to be a fighter for a just cause, and entails connivance with evil and injustice. Communist education of the individual and the masses, attracting people to active participation in the construction of a society of the future, man’s awareness of his place in the world, his purpose and capabilities, his subordination of natural and social laws contribute to the gradual eradication of T. from life individuals and society as a whole.

Synonyms: timidity, timidity, cowardice, suspiciousness, indecision, hesitation, fear; apprehension, fear, shyness, cowardice, timidity, fearfulness, capitulation, cowardice, cowardice.

Quotes for the final essay 2018 in the direction of “Courage and Cowardice.”

Be bold with the truth

He who dared ate (and mounted a horse)

Courage is the beginning of victory. (Plutarch)

Courage, bordering on recklessness, contains more madness than fortitude. (M. Cervantes)

When you are afraid, act boldly, and you will avoid the worst troubles. (G. Sachs)

To be completely devoid of courage, one must be completely devoid of desires. (Helvetius K.)

It is easier to find people who voluntarily go to death than those who patiently endure pain. (Yu. Caesar)

He who is courageous is brave. (Cicero)

There is no need to confuse courage with arrogance and rudeness: there is nothing more dissimilar both in its source and in its result. (J.J. Rousseau)

Excessive courage is the same vice as excessive timidity. (B. Johnson)

Courage, which is based on prudence, is not called recklessness, but the exploits of a reckless person should rather be attributed to simple luck than to his courage. (M. Cervantes)

In battle those most exposed to danger are those who are most possessed by fear; courage is like a wall. (Sallust)

Courage replaces fortress walls. (Sallust)

To be brave means to consider everything that is scary as distant and everything that inspires courage as close. (Aristotle)

Heroism is an artificial concept, because courage is relative. (F. Bacon)

Others show courage without having it, but there is no person who would demonstrate wit if he were not naturally witty. (J. Halifax)

Real courage rarely comes without stupidity. (F. Bacon)

Ignorance makes people bold, but reflection makes people indecisive. (Thucydides)

Knowing in advance what you want to do gives you courage and ease. (D. Diderot)

It is not for nothing that courage is considered the highest virtue - after all, courage is the guarantee of others positive qualities. (W. Churchill)

Courage is resistance to fear, not the absence of it. (M. Twain)

Happy is he who boldly takes under his protection what he loves. (Ovid)

Creativity requires courage. (A. Matisse)

It takes a lot of courage to bring bad news to people. (R. Branson)

The success of science is a matter of time and courage of mind. (Voltaire)

To use your own reason requires remarkable courage. (E. Burke)

Fear can make a daredevil timid, but it gives courage to the indecisive. (O. Balzac)

A person fears only what he does not know; knowledge conquers all fear. (V. G. Belinsky)

A coward is more dangerous than any other person; he should be feared most of all. (L. Berne)

There is nothing worse than fear itself. (F. Bacon)

Cowardice can never be moral. (M. Gandhi)

A coward only makes threats when he is sure of safety. (I. Goethe)

You can never live happily when you are always trembling with fear. (P. Holbach)

Cowardice is very harmful because it keeps the will from useful actions. (R. Descartes)

We consider a coward to be a coward who allows his friend to be insulted in his presence. (D. Diderot)

Cowardice in its prime turns into cruelty. (G. Ibsen)

He who fearfully worries about losing his life will never rejoice in it. (I. Kant)

The difference between a brave man and a coward is that the first, aware of the danger, does not feel fear, and the second feels fear, not realizing the danger. (V. O. Klyuchevsky)

Cowardice is knowing what you should do and not doing it. (Confucius)

Fear makes the smart stupid and the strong weak. (F. Cooper)

A fearful dog barks more than he bites. (Curtius)

More soldiers always die when fleeing than in battle. (S. Lagerlöf)

Fear is a bad teacher. (Pliny the Younger)

Fear arises due to the powerlessness of the spirit. (B. Spinoza)

Scared - half defeated. (A.V. Suvorov)

Cowards speak most about courage, and scoundrels speak most about nobility. (A.N. Tolstoy)

Cowardice is inertia that prevents us from asserting our freedom and independence in relationships with others. (I. Fichte)

Cowards die many times before death, the brave die only once. (W. Shakespeare)

To be afraid of love is to be afraid of life, and to be afraid of life is to be two-thirds dead. (Bertrand Russell)

Love doesn't go well with fear. (N. Machiavelli)

You cannot love either the one you fear or the one who fears you. (Cicero)

Courage is like love: it needs to be fueled by hope. (N. Bonaparte)

Perfect love casts out fear, because in fear there is torment; he who fears is not perfect in love. (Apostle John)