What folklore works are close. Folklore and fiction – Knowledge Hypermarket

Good morning! These “br” and “tr” in the greeting somehow cheered me up. Irina Ivaskiv is with you. Cool associations are sometimes caused by clusters of certain letters. Each sound contains some kind of encrypted information: some sounds evoke alertness inside, others are soothing mantras, and others form vivid images in our imagination. K. Balmont called sounds “little magic gnomes.” So writers and poets “conjure” their works, selecting various phonetic devices in order to awaken our imagination. We will talk about one of them in this article. So, alliteration... What is it? How and why is it used? Why is it so popular? How is alliteration used in advertising and business?

Alliteration: What is this?

Alliteration is the repetition of consonants to create an image. The concept is translated from Latin as “letter”. This phenomenon, when a certain consonant letter is often repeated in a certain part of the text, is called alliteration. Either the same consonant is repeated, or 2-3 similar consonants alternate (hissing, whistling, growling).

Alliteration used:

in tongue twisters ( TO at P And To And P at P And To )
in proverbs and sayings ( M e l and, E m e l I, your week l I)
in prose and poetry, and even in advertising

How does alliteration paint images?

Alliteration is a kind of “tautology” of consonants. But why repeat them? To, I repeat, create images. So that, in other words:

the reeds rustled:

trumpets sounded:

The Neva was boiling:

puddles crunched:

hooves thundered:

the elements thundered:

pulled into a whirlpool:

the rhythm of the march was stamped:

nostalgia rolled in:

the carriage wheels were clattering:

The royal feast continued:

people marched to the rhythm:

brought back a strange dream:

Memories rustled in my head:

my heart sank with empathy:

I got goosebumps from the explosion:

German bombers roared over besieged Leningrad:

Obvious consonant dominance

Alliteration is not a linguistic innovation. This is one of the oldest phonetic devices that can be found in every language! Alliteration was used by Homer, Horace, Virgil, Dante, Petrarch, Ronsard, Shakespeare, Pushkin, Tyutchev, Nekrasov and many others.

This frequent use of combining selective consonants can be explained by their special dominance. Consonants dominate vowels. And not because there are many more of them. Let's take a few words as an example and write them using only vowels: eoo, eai, eeo. It is unlikely that anyone will guess what these words are. But if the same words are written down using only consonants, then it will already be possible to recognize in the words famous poets: lrmntv, drzhvn, shvchnk.

Consonants that have more weight can create incredibly powerful images! Voiced and dull, hard and soft, loud and philosophical, irritating and caressing the ear - consonant sounds have become excellent tools for creating a strong phonetic impression in the hands of writers.

Examples of alliteration in prose

Look how the writer describes Taras’s condition with a combination of anxious “t-r” and sleepy-tired “s”:

Taras did not stop worrying, despite the soothing crackle of the fire.

And in this example, the repetition of the consonants “t” and “p” creates a completely different depressed atmosphere:

Potapov stomped around the pedestal: “Shouldn’t I retire?”

Another shining example from the story “The Word” by V. Nabokov. A cluster of consonant “g”, which first dampens vigilance, standing next to the musically tender “l”, and then reminds of its formidable dimensions, intensifying the consonant “r”:

I felt, without looking, the gloss, angles and edges of the huge mosaic rocks.

Alliteration in folklore

What do you imagine when you hear the saying “Two inches from the pot”? Am I the only one who can hear the baby lisping?))) But here is another proverb with the same hissing consonant sound: “You can’t hide an awl in a bag,” and here you can already hear how this same awl rustles in the bag. And here’s the third: “If you drive more slowly, you’ll go further,” and here something made you sleepy from such a snail’s speed. But the fourth line of Lermontov: “Our ears are on top of our heads!”, and here the hissing sound gives a complete feeling of nimble.))) Just as composers compose thousands of songs from the same seven notes, so from the same letters the writer’s skill draws different ones paintings.

Alliteration in tongue twisters

In tongue twisters, a jumble of difficult to pronounce letter combinations trains diction. The famous “tacking ships” or “Charles who stole the corals” are nothing more than alliteration.

Alliteration in advertising and business

A cluster of repeated consonants attracts attention, is easily perceived and is remembered for a long time. That's why advertisers have seized on this unique expressive technique that can help shape a brand and consumer demand. They, in fact, put alliteration on... a commercial basis.)))

Alliteration began to be used:

in company names and brands: Kitkat chocolate, Kiteket cat food, Chupa Chups lollipops, Minky-Binky candies (the predominance of the vowel “i” and consonants “nk” gives the feeling of something small, causing tenderness)
in advertising slogans: Your pussy would buy Whiskas; Vella. You are awesome; Dentistry. Take care of your teeth; Furniture. Bedrooms for big and small; "Samych himself." Dumplings without haste; “Mezim” is indispensable for the stomach

Phonetic euphony in an advertisement is worth a lot. When the essence of an advertising message is formulated phonetically correctly, the message subconsciously “falls” on the heart. The phonetics of the advertising message will skillfully direct the thoughts of buyers in the right direction. Listen:

“Aquafresh” toothbrush: cleans with shine (the sounds “ch”, “st”, “ts”, “sk” are reminiscent of the sounds of brushing teeth)
drink “Mirinda”: an explosion of taste (the sounds “zr” and “vvk” resemble a carbonated drink bursting out)
Knorr bouillon cubes: Knorr – tasty and quick (the sound “r” creates a feeling of speed: rrraz - and the broth is ready)
taxi: Quick delivery And the taxi driver with the change (sounds “st”, “ks”, “st”, “sd” - the taxi is already standing and the meter is ticking)

The consonants included in the slogan, consonant with the brand, create a kind of “knots for memory”: you pull them, and without any problems you will restore before your eyes the name of the product (sometimes incomprehensible and difficult to read). And lastly: avoid letter combinations in your texts where there are more than 3 consonants in a row (usually a large number of consonants are found at the junctions of words): quality stv pr oduct.

Games with words: children's fun or serious brain training?

ALLITERATION - repetition of identical consonants. Alliteration is the repetition of identical or homogeneous consonants in a poem, giving it a special sound expressiveness (in versification). Alliteration must be dosed with extreme caution and, if possible, repetitions that do not stick out. I resort to alliteration for framing, to further emphasize the word that is important to me.”

It is not customary to talk about alliteration in cases where sound repetition is a consequence of repetition of morphemes. The verbal type of alliteration is the tautogram. Alliteration is stylistic device repetition of consonant sounds in artistic speech, enhancing its imagery and expressiveness. Alliteration gives rise to special phonetic effects in literary text, which enhances its imagery and creates vivid impression the reader from the drawn poetic picture.

Alliteration emphasizes the sound of individual words in the works of the classic of Russian literature A.S. Pushkin. The technique of alliteration was often used in his work by V.V. Mayakovsky, which gave the poetic text a special expressive meaning.

ALLITERATION (from Latin ad - to, with, with and littera - letter; subletter) is the oldest stylistic technique of enhancing the expressiveness of artistic speech, especially poetry, by repetitions of consonant sounds. In the poetry of peoples Central Asia and Buryats, the most popular is the “vertical” alliteration of the verse and most often on the initial syllables of the verse (anaphoric alliteration).

2) by the fact that the material of repetition, i.e., repeated or corresponding sounds, turns out to be in most cases Ch. arr., consonants. Sometimes it also includes the repetition of the initial consonant in in different words the same speech segment. Types of alliteration also include the repetition of various supporting consonants of the same group (for example, labial or sonorant): “In a sweet way, no thought makes sense...” (“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”).

ALLITERATION - (Latin alliteratio, from ad at, and littera letter). A stylistic device consisting of repeating the same letters or syllables at the beginning of a verse or period. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology.

In cases where unstressed vowels do not undergo changes, they can enhance assonance. Let's return to the results of the summer 2011 competition - “Master Class” and analyze poems written using the technique of alliteration. Regarding the technique of alliteration and not only about it - that’s all for today. Ahead of you awaits one more (maximum two) articles devoted to original forms of writing poems.

Alliteration. Examples from fiction

The basic principle of enhancing the phonetic expressiveness of speech is the selection of words of a certain sound coloring, in a kind of roll call of sounds. Typically, a verse is instrumented (as in our example) by repeating several sounds at once. Instead of the term “sound instrumentation,” others are sometimes used: they say “instrumentation of consonants” and “vowel harmony.”

See what “Alliteration” is in other dictionaries:

Depending on the quality of repeated sounds, alliteration and assonance are distinguished. Alliteration is the oldest stylistic technique of enhancing the expressiveness of verse by repeating consonant sounds. This technique is found in folk poetry and in the literature of all peoples of the world. The poems of Homer, Hesiod, Horace, Virgil and many later European poets - Dante, Petrarch, Ronsard, Shakespeare - are rich in it.

In other cases figurative symbolism sound recording is more abstract. At the same time, the meanings of speech sounds are perceived intuitively by native speakers and therefore are of a rather general, vague nature. The establishment of such “sound-semantic similarity” can be based on rather complex associations. In Marshak’s poem “Dictionary” the following line is descriptive: Sparks of feeling flicker in its columns. Regardless of the figurative understanding of sound recording, its use in poetic speech always enhances the emotionality and brightness of the verse, creating the beauty of its sound.

However, six vowels are significantly inferior to thirty-seven consonants in this respect. Let's compare the “recording” of the same words made using only vowels and only consonants. It is hardly possible to guess any words behind the combinations eai, ayuo, ui, eao, but it is worth conveying the same words with consonants, and we can easily “read” the names of Russian poets: “Drzhvn, Btshkv, Pshkn, Nkrsv.”

Another, also common, type of sound repetition is assonance. Assonance is usually based only on stressed sounds, since vowels often change in an unstressed position. Thus, in the lines from Pushkin’s “Poltava”, assonances on a and o are created only by highlighted vowels: Tikha Ukrainian night. The sky is transparent. The stars are shining.

And although many unstressed syllables repeat variants of these phonemes, represented by the letters o, a, their sound does not affect the assonance. In the same text, different sound repetitions are often used in parallel.

Scientific article on the specialty “Linguistics” from the scientific journal “Army and Society”, Olga Viktorovna Fomushkina

Onomatopoeia is considered one type of alliteration. And although such onomatopoeia is considered an elementary type of alliteration, one cannot help but admit that in the above passage the roar of fascist planes over besieged Leningrad is perfectly conveyed. Thus, the development of the theme is consistently reflected in alliteration and assonance.

Basic functions of sound recording

1. Grammatical epiphora - a technique of repeating the same sounds at the ends of adjacent words in lines. It is such that it is better and easier to be ALONE. The article makes an attempt to consider alliteration as one of the stylistic devices characteristic of English poetry, especially the Old and Middle English periods.

The concept of a figure includes syntactic and stylistic constructions based on the repetition of individual sounds, words, and conjunctions that carry the main semantic load in a literary text. This method of highlighting words is called repetition. The poet deliberately selects words with the same consonants, thereby highlighting them and creating a special effect.

The latter circumstance gave rise to a simplified understanding of the term A. as any repetition of consonants (as opposed to assonance (see) - repetition or consonance of vowels). At 11 vol.; M.: Publishing House of the Communist Academy, Soviet encyclopedia, Fiction. Of course, not every repetition of consonants imparts these qualities to speech.

So, for example, in Bryusov’s poems “Stand up, obey the call of the sorcerer... The selection of certain consonants can sometimes directly correspond to the phenomenon depicted. A woman's rhyme at the end is always an incompleteness of the story, an invitation to the reader to empathize, this is an action that is still ongoing and has not decided anything.

Abstract of a scientific article on linguistics, author of the scientific work - Olga Viktorovna Fomushkina

Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors. We live in a world of sounds. This is one of the reasons why the content of poetry does not allow for “retelling in prose.” The main way to enhance the phonetic expressiveness of artistic speech is sound instrumentation - a stylistic device consisting in the selection of words that sound similar. And the more of them are involved in such a “roll call”, the more clearly their repetition is heard, the more aesthetic enjoyment brings the sound of the text.

Alliteration is the most common type of sound repetition. Alliteration occurs when in a certain series of words several of them begin with the same consonant sounds. An example of clear alliteration in my Yesenin verse is the line: “Where is it, the ringing of bronze or the edge of granite...”. This “weight” of consonants contributes to the establishment of various subject-semantic associations, therefore the expressive and figurative possibilities of alliteration are very significant.

Alliteration is a type of figure in poetic speech.

Alliteration- this is a stylistic technique of repeating consonant sounds in artistic speech, enhancing its imagery and expressiveness.

An artist of words, when creating his work, strives by all possible lexical, syntactic and stylistic means to create a vivid figurative picture, influence the audience of readers and evoke a certain response. For this purpose they are used various figures artistic speech.

Repetitions can be formed by repeating sounds of different categories - consonants and vowels, or a combination of them. If the artist words in the text poetic work repetition of consonant sounds is deliberately used, then we're talking about about alliteration

Alliteration- repetition of a consonant or group of consonants in order to enhance the imagery and expressiveness of artistic speech.

Alliteration gives rise to special phonetic effects in a literary text, which enhances its imagery and creates a vivid impression on the reader of the painted poetic picture.

For example, we read from Sergei Yesenin:

WITH the wind is howling, With silver wind
IN w Yolkovove w snowy beauty w mind.

The repetition of the whistling consonant sound [s] in the first line gives rise to an imitation of the whistle of a cold winter wind. In the second line of the verse, the hissing consonant [w] is repeated, which is intended to create in the reader a vivid impression of the rustle of quickly falling snow or creeping drifting snow, a thick blizzard.

Examples

The consonants “t”, “r” and “s” are repeated:

Taras did not stop worrying, despite the soothing crackle of the fire.

The consonants “t” and “p” are repeated:

Potapov stomped around the pedestal: “Shouldn’t I retire?”

Example from the literature

alliteration. Examples

It is often used to create strong and expressive images in works of art. alliteration. Examples can be found in Vladimir Nabokov's short story "The Word":

“I felt, without looking, the gloss, angles and edges of the huge mosaic rocks”

In poetry, this literary device appears even more often. For example, alliteration in a poem Alexandra Pushkina "Feast of Peter the Great", is even contained in the name - the consonants “p” and “r” are repeated.

In Agnia Barto's poem "Drum" alliteration is created by repeating the letter "r":

A detachment is going to the parade.
The drummer is very happy.

Use of alliteration

Repeated consonants attract attention and are well remembered, so businessmen willingly use alliteration to come up with catchy names for their companies. Chocolate "Kitkat", cat food "Kiteket", lollipops "Chupa Chups" and other brands prove that even literary device there may be commercial potential.

Alliteration makes not only company or brand names more attractive and memorable, but also advertising slogans.

Your pussy would buy Whiskas.
Vella. You are awesome.

Diction

Sometimes consonants in alliteration form difficult-to-pronounce combinations. If you regularly practice their pronunciation, you can develop your diction well. Popular tongue twisters about thirty-three ships that tacked but didn’t tack or Karl who stole the corals based on alliteration.

Folklore

IN folk art often meets alliteration. Examples can be found in proverbs, sayings, sayings, songs.

Important!

Alliteration makes the text more euphonious, emotionally charged and easier to remember.

Too much use of alliteration is annoying and distracts from the essence of the text.

Dissonant combinations - especially when more than three consonants follow in a row - make the text difficult to understand. For example:

Dzerzhinsky passage

To express the author's thoughts and depict life in language, means are used artistic expression. They serve to create a picture of people's lives, helping readers feel and imagine what is depicted using words.

Means of expression convey author's attitude to what is depicted. The main area of their use is language works of art. In works of fiction, means of expression are based on special techniques use of the word.

These are metaphors and epithets, and synecdoche, comparison and personification, which relate to tropes. We suggest you understand what alliteration is and why it is needed, because this technique is quite often used by authors.

In addition to tropes, methods of sound organization are means of artistic expression. literary text in prose and poetry.

At one time, the master of symbolism V. Bryusov wrote: “Believe in the sound of words: the meaning of the secrets is in them.”

The phonetic system of the Russian language is characterized by flexibility with particular expressiveness. The meaning of any spoken thought is perceived in the sound composition. Therefore, even the sound of the word takes on a special meaning.

In artistic speech, writers also use the technique of sound writing, in which the sound structure of speech is skillfully organized: words that are similar in sound are selected, these sounds, masterfully combined, when voiced, resemble the depicted phenomena.

It is known that in the Russian language there are much more consonant sounds: 37 consonants versus 6 vowel phonemes. It turns out that consonants have the main function in a language to distinguish the meaning of what is said. Sound repetitions of consonants and vowels in any language are used to enhance the expressiveness of spoken and written language.

The Russian language provides ample opportunities for the use of sound writing for authors writing in their native Russian language.

Comparison of alliteration and assonance

The repetition of the same or similar-sounding consonant sounds is called alliteration in literature. Why is alliteration a common type of repetition of sounds?

Wikipedia explains what alliteration is and defines it as the repetition of the same or homogeneous consonants in a poem, giving it a special sound expressiveness. It was also used in the works of ancient writers: “Trumpets sound in Novegrad, great fortunes stand in Putivl” (“The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”).

By repeating the consonants [t] and [s], expressiveness is enhanced, unknown author conveys anxiety to the reader.

Here are more examples from “The Word...”:

“The filthy Polovtsian plaka was trampled on the heel” - in this passage there are many voiceless consonants [p], [t], [k], [sh]. Their repetition conveys in the text a picture of the movement of heavily armed Polovtsian troops.

In another example, “The sabers are sharp, they themselves gallop like gray horses.” The whistling consonants [ch], [ts] help to clearly imagine the quickly galloping warriors.

Alliteration Examples

The Russian system of sounds makes it possible to use alliteration in poetic speech.

Russian poets widely use subtle vibrations of sounds to convey to the reader the meaning of what is being said.

Here are the lines with alliteration from Pushkin:

The hiss of foamy glasses

And the punch flame is blue.

The repetition of identical voiceless consonants [p] with hissing [sh] gives a picture of glasses with the hiss of champagne, enhancing the expressiveness and musical sound of poetic lines.

Let's take famous poem Pushkin "Winter Evening". In the line “The storm covers the sky with darkness, spinning snow whirlwinds” [g], [h], [v], [p] are dominant; readers seem to hear the howling of a snow storm winter evening, tension with anxiety is felt.

We hear the same sound in “Poltava” by A. Pushkin.

Throwing piles of bodies onto piles, (r, r, r d, d)

Cast iron balls everywhere (w, r, h, f, s)

They jump between them, strike, (f, r, p, h)

They dig up the ashes and hiss in the blood. (p, x, p, t, p, k, p, w)

The plosive [p] dominates here, especially in the first line; in the second line there is an abundance of hissing sounds with dull sounds. In subsequent lines, sibilants with a dominant sound [r] are persistently repeated.

The alternation of growling [r] with dull and hissing ones recreates the picture of human carnage, when cannonballs hiss all around and cannon fire thunders.

Alliteration example

F. Tyutchev mastered sound recording:

The East was white... The boat was rolling,

The sail sounded fun!

Like an overturned sky

The sky trembled beneath us,

The East turned red... She prayed.

Throwing back the blanket from the curls...

IN this poem F. Tyutchev repeats [l], we are talking about the sky, a boat with a sail. In the sound [l] one hears something gentle, the babbling of a wave, the reflection of a trembling sky on the water.

We find the same repetition [l] in another poetic work by Tyutchev, which conveys the summer riot of nature with gentle warm rain:

Lil warm summer rain- its jets

The leaves sounded cheerful.

IN " Spring thunderstorm"Tyutchev one can feel how the consonant phonemes [g], [p], [b] “rattle”.

Important! Alliteration was widely used in folklore; repetitions of identical consonants can be observed in Russian proverbs and sayings.

Sound writing by the poets of the Silver Age

The phenomenon of alliteration was widely used by poets who worked in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century. This artistic technique easy to find in the works of many authors of this period:

Bryusov;
Block;
Tsvetaeva;
Balmont.

Poets Silver Age They considered poetic language to be magic, a magical spell.

Their poems fascinate with the music of the verse, forcing you to penetrate into the mysterious mystery of what was said poetic word, although it is not always clear to the reader.

Let's take an excerpt from F. Sologub:

And two deep glasses

Made of scarlet glass

You put it to the bright cup

And the sweet foam poured out.

Leela, Leela, Leela, rocked,

Two solid scarlet glasses,

Whiter than lily, whiter than lala

You were white and ala.

Here the poet used the sound repetition of the consonant phoneme [l]. Although the meaning is unclear, it attracts, fascinates, and makes you listen. By association on [l] one can imagine pictures of affection, love, kissing with delicate shades of scarlet and white.

Poets of the Silver Age believed that the main thing in the Russian language and in poetic speech is sound, they tried to enchant the reader with sound, its melody.

In K. Balmont’s poem “The Reeds,” the repetition of the hissing [w] helps to imagine the night rustling and rustling of the reeds, a barely audible whisper.

Midnight in the swamp wilderness

The reeds rustle barely audibly, silently.

An example of repetition of consonant sounds in a poem

Let us recall the lines from M. Tsvetaeva’s poem about Blok, “The Clicking of Night Hooves.” The heroic motive is reinforced by the presence of hissing and explosive sounds in this line; they help the reader to imagine movement, the clatter of hooves on the pavement.

Immediately in the next line the combination [gr] continues: “... big name yours thunders...", which represents the image of a poet - winner human souls with his powerful and powerful creativity. The sound [r] is explosive, sharp, powerful, associated with the beat of a drum, a thunderstorm, a whirlwind.

Here are examples from creativity. To reveal state of mind heroine, A. Akhmatova, in the poem “My Voice is Weak”, sound writing is used as an expressive means.

The use of voiced consonants [l], [n] with assonance on [e] conveys the lightness, calmness, and feelings that the heroine experiences after separation from her beloved.

Akhmatova’s “Song of the Last Evening” describes a separation in autumn evening. Usually in the fall there is a feeling of loss before winter frosts, nature seems to fall asleep until next spring. The heroine also says goodbye to her beloved. The use of hissing phonemes conveys the atmosphere of an autumn farewell evening.

There are many examples of alliteration in the works of V. Mayakovsky:

March! So that time

Cannonballs burst.

To the old days

So that the wind

Just a tangle of hair.

Alliteration in this passage on [r] allows the reader to imagine the measured rhythm of the march, the dynamics of the revolutionary struggle.

“Horror squeezed a groan from iron…”: special set consonant poet V. Mayakovsky conveys the horror of the loss of the great leader of the revolution V. Lenin. This is what alliteration means for Mayakovsky.

Sound writing in prose

Sound repetitions are also used as a means of expression in prose works.

“In a white cloak with bloody lining, with a shuffling cavalry gait, early in the morning of the fourteenth spring month On the eve of Nissan, the procurator of Judea, Pontius Pilate, came out into the covered colonnade between the two wings of the palace of Herod the Great.”

These are lines from Bulgakov's famous novel. Here the reader hears the rhythm of the procurator’s majestic gait, the echo of his shuffling steps resounding in the hall with a high colonnade.

The combination of voiced consonants with voiceless consonants enhances the expressiveness of the description. The sound [r] is repeated 14 times; the sound is sharp, explosive, conveying authority, anxiety and tension. Even in the name, the author used alliteration with [p] - Procurator Pontius Pilate.

In works modern poets You can find sound repetitions to enhance expressiveness:

The rain made a quiet noise, in a sing-song voice,

Watering the yard and roof of the house...

In this excerpt by S. Marshak, using sound writing, a picture of nature during the rain is drawn. The repetition of sibilants in a combination of voiced consonants clearly recreates the sound of rain pouring on the roof of a house.

We read “The Reserve” by V. Vysotsky:

As many as there are in the booths, as many as there are in the thickets,

The roar of the roaring, the roar of the growling,

How many running - so many lying

In the wilds and thickets, in groves and thickets...

From the excerpt of the poem it is clear that it is permeated with the repetition of hissing consonants, expressiveness is enhanced, and it is created scary picture extermination of animals.

Useful video

Let's sum it up

Man lives in the world different sounds. They influence a person, causing associations with images. The sound design and phonetic organization of words must be inextricably linked with the content of the poetic work, only then will the poem sparkle with vivid imagery.