White guard theme at home. Analysis of the theme of family values ​​in M.A’s novel

Lesson - workshop in 11th grade

“M.A. Bulgakov. The image of the House in the novel "The White Guard".

Lesson objectives:

show in development the image of the House in M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard”, its philosophical depth and capacity;

consolidate knowledge, skills and abilities in analyzing a work of art;

to develop in students the skills of attentive, thoughtful reading;

develop Creative skills, imagination, ability to work independently;

cultivate love for the Fatherland, moral ideals.

Equipment:

1) M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard”.

Cards with tasks for groups.

On the board are statements by Pestalozzi (Swiss teacher), Byron, M.Yu. Lermontov.

A person, like a bird, does not look for a new nest if he is happy in the old one.

Pestalozzi.

Where they love us, only there is a beloved hearth.

Byron.

Believe me, happiness is only there.

Where they love us, where they believe us!

M.Yu. Lermontov.

During the classes.

I. Q. Guys, what do you think a person (you) needs to be happy? Write it down.

ABOUT.– love - favorite job - understanding

- family - friends - Motherland, etc.

native home

Q. Which of the following can you include in the concept of “Home”? U. How much meaning does this have? in a small word- House! This is the personification of the Motherland, the family hearth, where everything is warmed with love, where we are understood and will always be accepted. The theme of the House is traditional for Russian literature. It sounds especially alarming in the literature of the twentieth century.

V. Which of the Russians writers of the 19th century century, believed that family and home are the source of life, and rewarded his favorite heroes with this happiness? Name a poet of the early twentieth century whose work contains the theme of home?

ABOUT. L.N. Tolstoy believed that home and family bring goodness, peace, and harmony into a person’s spiritual life. The theme of the house is also heard in many of S.A. Yesenin’s poems: “Go away, my dear Rus'...”, “Soviet Rus'”, “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear Plain..”, “Letter to Mother”, etc.

U. The image of the House, practically absent in Soviet prose 20s, one of the main places is allocated in M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard”.

II. "Immersion in the text." The class works in pairs, having the right to choose one of the tasks. The guys re-read the text, write down individual words, phrases and sentences, and discuss.

a) Describe the Turbins’ house, noting details that emphasize the stability of life in this family. (chap. 1,2)

b) Tell us about the inhabitants of this House. (Ch.1,2,3)

c) What does the Lisovich house look like? (Ch. 3.15). Can we call it home? capital letters? Why?

d) What is the fate of the House in the whirlwind of war? (Ch. 1,2, 3, 19,20).

e) Read Alexei Turbin’s dream about a mortar (chapter 12). What does it symbolize?

III. Hearing responses. General discussion.

Beauty and tranquility are the main components of the atmosphere of the Turbino House, which is probably why it is so attractive to others. Outside the windows the storm of revolution is raging, but here it is warm and cozy. Here is the black clock in the dining room. Here are “old red velvet furniture”, “beds with shiny cones”, “a bronze lamp with a lampshade”..

You walk through the rooms and inhale the “mysterious” smell of “antique chocolate”, feel the heat of the stove with Dutch tiles. This stove is the center of the home; here the body and soul are warmed up. On the surface of the stove there are inscriptions and drawings made in different time and family members and friends of the Turbins. Here are humorous messages, declarations of love, menacing prophecies, and words with deep meaning - everything that the life of the family was “rich” with at different times.

The inhabitants of the House on Alekseevsky Spusk jealously protect the beauty and comfort of home, the warmth of the family hearth. Despite the anxiety, the tablecloth is “white and starchy”, there are cups with delicate flowers on the table.. There are always calm “cream curtains” on the windows, open notes of the immortal “Faust” on the piano, flowers on the tables, “affirming the beauty and strength of life.”

Life in this House seems to be in defiance of the surrounding unrest, bloodshed, devastation, and bitterness of morals. The stronghold of the Turbino House persists with all its might and does not want to surrender to the revolution. Neither street shooting, nor news of death royal family At first they cannot make its old-timers believe in the reality of the formidable elements. The cold, deathly breath of the blizzard era (both literally and figuratively) first touched the inhabitants of this island of comfort and warmth with the arrival of Myshlaevsky. Then Thalberg's flight. Only then did the household feel the inevitability of the approaching catastrophe. Suddenly the realization came that “the crack in the vase of Turbino’s life” had formed not now, but much earlier, and all that time while they stubbornly refused to face the truth, life-giving moisture, “ good water“She left through it unnoticed,” and now, it turns out, the vessel is almost empty. The dying mother left her children a spiritual will: “Live together...”, “and they will have to suffer and die,” “their lives were interrupted at dawn.”

The mistress and soul of this House is Elena Turbina-Talberg, “ beautiful Elena", the personification of beauty, kindness, Eternal Femininity. The “Bright Queen” mother conveyed her warmth to Elena, so there, in the huge and alarming City, guns thunder, but here it is always cozy and warm.

From here the dishonest and two-faced Talberg leaves at a “rat’s pace”, and the Turbins’ friends heal their wounded bodies and souls in him. This cozy House also gives shelter to the cute eccentric Lariosik. And even the opportunist and coward Lisovich, nicknamed Vasilisa, who hates his neighbors, seeks protection in him.

But “it’s getting scarier and scarier all around. In the north the blizzard howls and howls, but here underfoot the disturbed womb of the earth muffles and grumbles dully.” Step by step, chaos takes over the living space of the House, introducing discord into the “commonwealth of people and things.” War reigns in the House. Here are its “signs”: the smell of iodine, alcohol, ether, a Browning in a box outside the window, the wounded Alexey Turbin. The lampshade is pulled off the lamp, there are no roses on the table, Elenin’s faded bonnet, like a barometer, indicates that the past cannot be returned, and the present is bleak.

The image of a mortar that the wounded Alexey imagines, a mortar that filled the entire space of the apartment, is a symbol of the destruction to which the war exposes the House.

The Turbins had to endure a lot during the winter of 1918/19. But, despite the adversity, at the end of the novel, everyone gathers in their House for a common meal. Laughter and music are heard. The house survived, and that's the main thing.

U. The house on Alekseevsky Spusk, in which the writer settled the heroes of The White Guard, is his childhood home. And since you have mentally visited the Turbins, you can firmly say that you have visited the Bulgakovs. In the very house where the future writer spent his childhood and student youth, and the year and a half that he spent in Kyiv at the height of the Civil War. “The Bulgakov family,” said the writer’s high school classmate K. Paustovsky, “was well known in Kyiv - a huge, branched, thoroughly intelligent family. Outside the windows of their apartment one could constantly hear the sounds of a piano, the voices of young people, running, laughing, arguing and singing.” Warm comfort, friendly mutual understanding, and an atmosphere of high intelligence invariably reigned here.

IV. Try to draw a model of the world. What place does the House occupy in it?

(Mars and Venus - World - City - Home)

Model of the universe

Mars Venus

WAR REVOLUTION

CHAOS DESTRUCTION

In the center is the Turbin House, a “quiet haven” that resists all winds and storms.

IN. Why M.A. Does Bulgakov pay so much attention to the image of the House? What does the author claim by this?
ABOUT. Paying so much attention to depicting the life of the Turbins' house, Bulgakov defends eternal, enduring values ​​in his novel - Home, Motherland, Family. The author claims that man is not a steppe plant, tumbleweed, which the autumn wind drives across the steppe. For a full-blooded one, healthy life Everyone needs to love their Family, their Home.

U. The author of “The White Guard” was far from those who in the 20s called for “renouncing the old world” and “destroying it to the ground.” On the contrary, the theme of saving spiritual, moral, cultural traditions, which is embodied in the image of the House, the author poetizes all the best that happened in the past. In life destroyed by the revolution it was happy childhood Bulgakov and his heroes, wonderful books, music, culture, there were good human relations and, most importantly, there were high moral principles, according to which even “ honestly Not a single person should violate it, because otherwise it will be impossible to live in the world.”

V. Let's make a conclusion in four lines:

1) topic; -cosy; HOUSE - warms;

2) description of the topic in - big; - helps;

words-signs(Which); - friendly; - protects;

3) description of the action in - warm, etc. - covers, etc..

4) one word or phrase that summarizes - SHELTER;

what was said . - FORTRESS;

- THE BEGINNING OF TIME;

- BASIS OF BASICS, etc.

VI. Summarizing. Introspection. The goal is to analyze your feelings, thoughts, sensations

1) What did our conversation today make you think about?

2) Did you feel comfortable in the lesson?

3) What new things have you discovered about yourself?

U. The workshop gave me the opportunity to look into myself, into my inner world and think about the good and eternal. The house protects a person from animals, from evil people, all sorts of troubles. It gives warmth, comfort, peace. Saves from cold, rain, wind. In it we sleep, eat, work, nurse children, pray to God, sing songs, tell fairy tales... Home is the whole world. It is very important to have your own Home, without it a person cannot be happy. Do you know any proverbs about Home? (Houses and walls help. My home is my fortress. It’s good when visiting, but at home it’s better. Your own hut is your own womb. A family in a heap is not scary even a cloud.)

Composition

Bulgakov - a writer who is the most complex and highest philosophical questions could illuminate clearly and simply in his works. His novel "The White Guard" talks about dramatic events, unfolding in Kyiv in the winter of 1918-1919. The writer talks about war and peace, about human enmity and beautiful unity - “a family, where only one can hide from the horrors of the surrounding chaos.” Speaking about the historical catastrophe and death of Russia, central images In the novel, he does things that are not nearly as large-scale - the City and the House. The Turbins' house in the novel represents all that past that is now mercilessly destroyed by the winds of revolution. In the center of the work is the Turbin family, left without a mother, the keeper of the hearth. The young Turbins, deafened by the death of their mother, still managed not to get lost in this scary world, were able to remain true to themselves, maintain patriotism, officer honor, camaraderie and brotherhood. Bulgakov draws with great attention the everyday details of this House. Cream curtains, a stove, a clock, all these are components of that world that symbolizes the comfort and strength of life. Bulgakov paints not so much everyday life as being, in the philosophical understanding of the word. He idealizes the everyday norm, family life. The Turbins' house confronts the outside world, in which destruction, horror, inhumanity, and death reign. But the House cannot separate, leave the city, it is part of it, just as the city is part of the earthly space. And at the same time, this earthly space of passions and battles is included in the global context. Outside the windows of the Turbin House there is a merciless destruction of everything that was valuable in Russia. And inside, behind the curtains, the belief remained that everything beautiful must be protected and preserved, that this is necessary under any circumstances. “The clock, fortunately, is completely immortal, the Saardam Carpenter is immortal, and the Dutch tile, like a wise scan, is life-giving and hot in the most difficult times.”

Alexey Turbin thinks with alarm not about his possible death, but about the death of the House: “The walls will fall, the alarmed falcon will fly away from the white mitten, the fire in the bronze lamp will go out, and the Captain’s Daughter will be burned in the oven.” The house is quite real, it is an apartment where the main characters of the novel live and the main action takes place, where many people converge storylines narratives. Life in this goes home as if in defiance of the surrounding unrest, bloodshed, devastation, and bitterness of morals. Everything in the Turbins’ house is beautiful: old red velvet furniture, beds with shiny cones, cream curtains, a bronze lamp with a lampshade, books in chocolate bindings, a piano, flowers, an icon in an ancient setting, a tiled stove, a clock with a gavotte... There is a stove on its surface carries inscriptions and drawings made at different times by family members and friends. Here are humorous messages and words filled with deep meaning, and declarations of love, and formidable prophecies - everything that the life of the family was “rich” with at different times. All these are symbols of the sustainability of life. The Turbins' house is depicted in the novel as a fortress that is under siege but never surrenders. His image is given a tall, almost philosophical meaning. According to Alexey Turbin, a house is highest value existence, for the sake of which man “fights and, in essence, should not fight for anything else.” To protect “human peace and hearth” - this is what he sees as the only goal that allows him to take up arms. That is why their home attracts close friends and acquaintances. Talberg's sister sends her son, Lariosik, from Zhitomir to them.

Myshlaevsky, Shervinsky, Karas - childhood friends of Alexei Turbin - arrive here, as if to a saving pier. Elena, the Turbins’ sister, is the keeper of the traditions of the house, where they will always welcome and help, warm you up and seat you at the table. This world can fall apart overnight, as Petlyura attacks the city and then captures it, but in the Turbin family there is no anger, no unaccountable hostility towards everything indiscriminately. The house and its inhabitants went through this scary time, when all values ​​and moral foundations collapsed, he survived, and again gathers close people under his roof. It was family values, warmth, love of its inhabitants for each other, spiritual traditions that allowed the House not to collapse during the period of historical disasters. As a result, after the military events, the heroes gather in the house again. And in warm cozy rooms dreams settle, which, although they remind the heroes of those terrible events What they had to endure was not terrible after all. The walls of the house protect its inhabitants from all the horrors of life. The theme of preserving spiritual, moral and cultural traditions runs through the entire novel, but, perhaps, it is most tangibly, “materially” embodied in the image of the House, which is extremely dear and important to the author.

Other works on this work

Analysis of the interior of the Turbins' house in the novel The White Guard. The interior of the Turbins' house appears in Bulgakov's novel on the very first pages and will be reproduced by the author many times throughout the novel.

Historical time and the events taking place, great, close in scale to the biblical ones, have already been comprehended by the author in the first sentence of the work. It was a great and terrible year after the birth of Christ, 1918, and from the beginning of the second revolution. History is inscribed in this tragic union of the era and world events. ordinary family Turbins, whose existence becomes the focus of all the key problems and characteristic features of the time and is divided by a milestone revolutionary year in 2 stages BEFORE and AFTER. The death of the head of the family - the mother, the center of the entire former Turbine cosmos - also occurred in terrible year, the first coincidence of family and historical catastrophes since the beginning of the revolution becomes for Bulgakov a great omen of future sad events.

And the only protection, a saving ship in a terrible sea of ​​disasters, becomes for the Turbins their home, left to them by their parents as a special spiritual world, an ark storing lasting, eternal values.

Let's look at the first picture of the Turbino house. By drawing it, the author emphasizes antiquity - tradition, the word translated means transmission, habitability, a long-established way of life and family relations. The atmosphere of the house is shrouded in childhood impressions, preserved by memory, strengthened by habits that have become part of the character of the Turbin family itself. The center of the interior - and the whole house - is a blazing hot tiled stove, a legendary hearth, a wise rock, a symbol of comfort and well-being, tranquility and the inviolability of family traditions.

She's the keeper family history inscriptions different years, made by the children's hands of the little Turbins, and by guests at home, and by gentlemen in love with Elena - this is an album-chronicle, a Book from which you can read how the family lived in this house. Warmth, happiness and wise carelessness emanate from these tiles. From this same home stove a person dances in life, Bulgakov believes that what he was taught at home, what he remembered and learned from his parents, in the family, will determine his moral character, his destiny, his purpose.

And the Turbins learn from their home; their life is subordinated to the order that, according to Bulgakov, was given to man from time immemorial by his ancestors and this is how their home was arranged. Each room has its own purpose: a dining room, a children's room, a parents' bedroom, all seven dusty and full rooms that raised the young Turbins are special microcosms, necessary components big world A family, shown through the eyes of not only the author, who recreated the world of his own childhood in this interior, but also the adult Turbins, this tile, and old red velvet furniture, and beds with shiny cones, the best cabinets in the world with books that smell of mysterious ancient chocolate - all this his memories and everlasting memory his heroes.

The image of this particular collective hero - the Turbin family, which formerly included the elders, the founders, the creators of the tradition, and is now beheaded, but still living and preserving its world, is interesting to the author.

But not so much social status The Turbin family of intellectuals worries the author how many there are spiritual state, brought up, raised within the walls of this house. Not only the material wealth of a wealthy family - gilded cups, silverware, but also spiritual treasures fill it, as the book about Peter I was often read near the tiled square of Saardam Carpenter, the historical figures of Alexei Mikhailovich, Louis XIV are well known to Turbin, even if at first the acquaintance took place on the patterns of worn carpets almost Characters from Russian literature, bookcases with Natasha Rostova, became family, Captain's daughter. Pushkinskoe Take care of honor from a young age, acquired by the Turbins from childhood, will be constantly felt in every action of each of them. The entire interior is built on the personification that hot tiles, the lights of Christmas candles, and vintage photographs, made back when women wore funny sleeves with bubbles at the shoulders, and the hero of the children's book Saardamsky Carpenter, and even beds with shiny bumps As in Andersen's fairy tales, these things live their own special life, understandable only to children, and respond to every call our inner voice.

The smell of pine needles from the festive tree and the mysterious ancient chocolate emanating from books, a bronze lamp under the lampshade is another eternal symbol of the integrity and eternity of home comfort, wonderful curls on Turkish carpets and music, the native voice of the clock - this is the unique and fragile world that will be protected Turbines from terrible destructive misfortunes that surged with waves civil war. An important item in Turbino's home world is a bronze clock with a gavotte in the mother's bedroom, a black wall clock with a tower chime in the dining room.

The symbolism of watches is one of the most telling in world art. In Bulgakov, it takes on new meanings: in the period before the start of the revolution, clocks playing their music were a sign of habitation, movement, seething life within these walls, but now, after the death of their father and mother, their hands are counting last hours a beautiful but fading former life. But the author does not believe in the possibility of the death of this house. And even in the style of this fragment, in the use of repetitions, the refrain goes through the beating of the tower twice, he affirms eternity, the inviolability of both the material symbols of the clock and the bronze lamp, and the spiritual ones, because the clock, fortunately, is completely immortal, both the Saardam Carpenter and the Dutch tile are immortal , like a wise rock, life-giving and hot in the most difficult times. This is the main goal of creating the interior of the Turbins’ house. 2.2. SPIRITUAL, MORAL AND CULTURAL TRADITIONS IN THE NOVEL THE WHITE GUARD The theme of preserving spiritual, moral and cultural traditions runs through the entire novel, but, perhaps, it is most tangible and materially embodied in the image of the House, which, apparently, is extremely dear and important to the author.

This image, repeatedly criticized in the past by impatient reformers of literature and life, is rightfully rehabilitated and elevated by modern reading.

The Bulgakov House is quite real, it is an apartment where the main characters of the novel live and the main action takes place, where many plot lines of the story converge. Life in this house seems to be in defiance of the surrounding unrest, bloodshed, devastation, and bitter morals.

Its owner and soul is Elena Turbina-Talberg, and the beautiful Elena, the personification of beauty, kindness, Eternal Femininity, the one to whom you can dedicate the lines of S. A. Yesenin from the poem The Black Man In thunderstorms, in storms, In everyday shame, During heavy losses And when you are sad, Appearing smiling and simple is the highest art in the world. The dishonest and two-faced Talberg leaves this house like a rat, and the Turbins' friends heal their wounded bodies and souls in it. And even those who, like the chairman of the house committee - the opportunist and coward Lisovich, nicknamed Vasilisa, hate the residents of the house, seek protection from robbers in him.

The Turbins' house is depicted in the novel as a fortress that is under siege, but does not surrender. Moreover, his image is given a high, almost philosophical meaning. According to Alexei Turbin, home is the highest value of existence, for the sake of which a person fights and, in essence, speaking, one should not fight for anything else under any circumstances. To protect human peace and hearth - this is what he sees as the only goal that allows him to take up arms.

Yes, the author of the White Guard was far from those who in the 20s enthusiastically called for the whole world of violence, we will destroy it to the ground, we will renounce the old world, we will shake off its ashes from our feet. And I believe that it is no coincidence that the theme of his novel was not the renunciation of the entire past, but the preservation and poeticization of all the best that was in him - first of all, the principles of high spiritual culture, morality, which in his own life he valued above all else, being a man , who did not forgive any betrayal, a knight of nobility and decency. Conscience incarnate.

Incorruptible honor. The idea of ​​high morality was so organic to Bulgakov’s self-awareness and worldview that it could not help but penetrate into the very depths of the White Guard, predetermining not only its theme, but also its character central conflict. The writer passionately defends the House, a stronghold of peace, hope, love, a center of culture, a repository of traditions.

Like a battle cry about an approaching test, Pushkin’s voice reached Bulgakov’s ears through the stormy howl and darkness of a blizzard of another century. The light and warmth of human habitation, especially dear in such bad weather, exudes a small Pushkin's story, warmed the pages of Bulgakov’s first novel. In the Turbins' house, everything is beautiful - old red velvet furniture, beds with shiny cones, cream curtains, a bronze lamp with a lampshade, books in chocolate bindings, a piano, flowers, an icon in an ancient setting, a tiled stove, a clock with a gavotte.

All this is a symbol of the stability of life. But the clock, fortunately, is completely immortal, the Saardam Carpenter is immortal, and the Dutch tile, like a wise rock, is life-giving and hot in the most difficult times. On its surface, the stove bears inscriptions and drawings made at different times by family members and Turbino friends.

Here are captured humorous messages, words filled with deep meaning, declarations of love, and formidable prophecies - everything that was rich in the life of the family at different times. In the Turbins' house they know and love music. The snow and lights outside the windows remind Myshlaevsky famous opera Rimsky-Korsakov The Night Before Christmas. Following the dying Thalberg, the multi-colored Valentin sings in the voices of his brothers. I pray for your sister from the opera Faust by Gounod, in the words famous romance Gliera encourages Elena Shervinsky To live, we will live. Great Russian

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Family values ​​in the novel "The White Guard" by Bulgakov

Family. History Conclusions on Chapter II Conclusion Literature INTRODUCTION Interest in the work of M. Bulgakov has not subsided for several decades now, and about.. Researchers of M. Bulgakov’s work of the 60-80s often assessed.. Many emphasize in their works one of the features creative method writer, who became a methodological...

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M. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard,” written in 1925 about the Civil War, covers the period from December 1918 to February 1919. Old world collapses, and the heroes of the novel, Russian intellectuals, shocked by events that change the usual way of life, drawn into the struggle between the Whites, Reds, Germans and Petliurists, are forced to make decisions that affect their later life. The author focuses on the Turbin family living in the City on Alekseevsky Spusk, symbolizing those spiritual and moral ideals that are very difficult to preserve in these conditions.

What does the Turbins’ house represent, what are its traditions, what is the atmosphere in the house, which not only influences the relationships of the Turbins themselves and the people close to them, but also their thoughts, feelings, experiences and decisions?

After the death of the mother, two brothers remain in the family - Alexey, a doctor, sixteen-year-old cadet Nikolai and sister Elena. The author makes the reader think about whether this house will collapse, whether its foundations will disappear, as Russia collapsed after the abdication of the emperor. And the artist with great love and describes with warmth the Turbino house as an island of home warmth, comfort, harmony and understanding, despite the terrible, bloody events raging around it, in order to show in the name of what a person should live and what values ​​are important to him.

The civil war spun, crushed and distorted the destinies of people, but failed to destroy the atmosphere of the Turbino house: the lampshade on the lamp, the white starched tablecloth, cream curtains, the green lamp above the table, the measured movement of the clock, the Dutch tiled stove, flowers, music and books.

Larion, the Zhytomyr cousin of the Turbins, very correctly noted that in this cozy house you don’t feel war, because nice people live here, intelligent people, caring for each other, trying to preserve the peaceful traditions of their home. And it becomes clear why Myshlaevsky, Studzinsky, Malyshev, and Nai-Tours are so drawn to this house. The red-haired Elena with a head “like a cleaned theatrical crown” radiates warmth, Nikolka with an eternal “whirl” hanging on her right eyebrow, and Alexey, who has aged since October 25, 1917.

The furious hurricane of the revolution failed to disrupt the good relations of these sincere and honest people who despise cowardice, lies and self-interest.

According to Nikolka, “not a single person should break his word of honor, because otherwise it will be impossible to live in the world.” Therefore, we understand Alexei’s tossing and turning in the coming times of dishonor and deception, when it was necessary to decide how to live further, what and whom to protect, with whom to go. The writer conveys the sincere feelings of his characters in connection with the change of power in the City. At the Turbins' party, the same question is being decided: to accept or not to accept the Bolsheviks. And Turbiny, and Myshlaevsky, and Studzinsky, and even Lariosik are hesitating, suggesting, especially since it appears on the horizon new power in the person of Petlyura. They see that any seizure of power (whether by the Germans, Whites, Bolsheviks or Petliurists) leads to destruction peaceful life, families, homes, to the death of people. Therefore, the heroes are disappointed in their leaders. Solving the problem of a new life, they do not abandon the truth, which is higher than everything temporary, they force one to believe in the existence of enduring moral values. After all, the Turbins were able to accept and warm Lariosik with their kindness and sympathy, Nikolka was able to take care of the Nai-Tours and earn their gratitude. These people have responsibility for others. And in accordance with the truth, their good is repaid with good: unknown woman, taking risks own life, saves Alexey Turbin. But with what contempt Bulgakov treats Talberg, Elena’s husband, for his unprincipledness and lack of character: “A damn doll, devoid of the slightest concept of honor.” With what undisguised hatred he writes about those commanders who, before Petliura’s arrival in the city, abandoned the army, which, by the way, consisted of cadets, cadet boys and students. There were also such... But there were also Colonel Malyshev, Myshlaevsky and Nai-Tours. Nobles brought up on a code of honor. The scene when Colonel Malyshev learns about the hetman’s escape and the betrayal of the command was written with great skill. He finds out, and the first thing he does is disband his division. The instant reaction of the cadets was “treason.” They are trying to arrest Malyshev, and the question is asked (one of the main ones in the novel): “Who do you want to protect?” The real human drama is revealed in this small episode. The cadets are crying. It's not just the boys who are not allowed to shoot who cry. Cries " white guard" Here is the tragedy of personality that all true intellectuals in the novel experience, and the war for white officers becomes a kind of purgatory. Who's running? Hetman, Talberg, the command that abandoned the guard. Who stays? Turbines “with the ever-open score of Faust,” Myshlaevsky, Shervinsky. The best remain. They cannot part with their Motherland, with their people. And the Motherland for them, first of all, is a home where goodness, love, peace and comfort reign.

There is so much humanity, simplicity and wisdom in the final lines of the novel: “Everything will pass. Suffering, torment, blood, famine and pestilence. We will disappear, but the stars will remain, when the shadow of our bodies and deeds will not remain on earth. There is not a single person who does not know this. So why don't we want to turn our gaze to them? Why?" The stars, according to Bulgakov, are the truth, these are the moral values, which people should strive to understand and preserve. The house will be preserved when its traditions are preserved, when there is no war that destroys these traditions, because there cannot be a justified war, since it not only takes the lives of people, but also destroys what a person is born for: procreation , creating a home, family and creativity.

E. Mustangova: “At the center of Bulgakov’s work is the novel “The White Guard”... Only in this novel does the usually mocking and sarcastic Bulgakov turn into a soft lyricist. All chapters and places related to the Turbins are presented in a tone of a little condescending admiration...

All will pass. Suffering, torment, blood, famine and pestilence. The sword will disappear, but the stars will remain, when the shadow of our deeds and bodies will not remain on the earth. M. Bulgakov In 1925, the first two parts of the novel by Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov were published in the magazine “Russia”...

The novel “The White Guard” was first published (incompletely) in Russia in 1924. Completely in Paris: volume one - 1927, volume two - 1929. “The White Guard” is largely an autobiographical novel based on the writer’s personal impressions of Kyiv...

1. New!

   All will pass. Suffering, torment, blood, famine and pestilence. The sword will disappear, but the stars will remain, when the shadow of our deeds and bodies will not remain on the earth. M. Bulgakov In 1925, the first two parts of Mikhail’s novel were published in the magazine “Russia”...

The image of the house in the novel “The White Guard”
The action of the novel "The White Guard" takes place in terrible era civil war. There is chaos all over the country. No one has confidence in the future. Shots are constantly heard approaching the city. Where can a person find peace if such horror is happening around? For the Turbin family, their home became an island of hope.
Here there are still roses on the table, and the woman is treated like a deity. The Turbin family lives by the laws of duty and honor, which have long been observed in old Russia. Decency and loyalty to one's ideals have become a real cult in this family. Here they know how to treat friends and family with care and value their loved ones.
All Turbines are people high culture. They listen to Faust and read Dostoevsky. However, even small details emphasize the alarming state of everyone around. The piano has long fallen silent, and Alexey Turbin is reading “Demons.” If we remember that this novel tells about revolutionaries, then we can say that the choice of the book was not accidental.
From the first pages, the reader sees how the Turbins bravely cope with the death of their mother. Even then it becomes clear that life has changed irreparably. The clock continues to tick, the tiled stove stands, the whole family from last bit of strength tries to keep the house cozy. So far they have succeeded, but for how long?
Elena's husband fled the city, but he was always somewhat of a stranger in this family. He lacked perseverance, honesty, and courage. Alexey’s friends were much closer to Turbin in spirit: Myshlaevsky, Shervinsky, Karas. There was always a place for them in the house. They knew about all the sorrows and joys of this amazing family.
Bulgakov's novel is full of small everyday details. What is in the later Soviet literature contemptuously called philistinism, in “The White Guard” it is described with amazing warmth and touching. The reader knows all the details of the previous way of life in the Turbins’ house. They perform last will mother, who bequeathed to live together. It is mutual assistance within the family that helps the heroes overcome all adversity.
The world behind the cream curtains of this house is gradually plunging into the confusion of war and losing its former colors. Here they continue to read and sincerely smile at each other, boldly looking into the face of the approaching danger. The warmth reigning in this family was instantly felt by Lariosik who arrived. He strives with all his might to be useful in order to stay in such an attractive Turbin house. At first he is perceived as an absurd stranger, but soon he becomes one of them. It is noteworthy that they began to trust Lariosik quite quickly, but Talberg remained a stranger, having lived here for several years. Why did this happen? I think it's all about sincerity. Lariosik accepted with his heart the rules by which the Turbin family lives, but for Talberg they always remained an empty phrase.
In his novel, Bulgakov often uses oppositions and contrasts. He shows the reader the dull apartment of engineer Lisovich so that the comfort and warmth of the Turbinsky house can be felt even more acutely. They don’t sing songs in Vasilisa’s house. Friends don't come here. Fear reigns here, not love. Lisovich is ready for any betrayal just to save his own skin. This man has nothing sacred.
There is panic everywhere. Only the Turbins' house remains a beacon promising peace. Most people tend to come here different people. What is so attractive and magical about this house? The answer is simple - he lives here real love. The desire to save your family and friends, without deviating from the principles of honor and duty, can be called one of the most important moral ideas novel "The White Guard".