The importance of libraries in modern society. The role of the rural library

MYTHS ABOUT THE ROLE OF LIBRARIES IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY ******************************************************* ****************************************** Libraries are repositories of human memory, main source information - from ancient manuscripts to electronic resources. As D. Likhachev said: “Libraries are the most important thing in culture... while the library is alive, the people are alive; if it dies, the past and the future will die.” However, contrary to the opinion of a respected scientist, we are increasingly faced with myths about the role of libraries and the library profession in modern Russian society. Let's try to dispel them. *** A library is a place where only books are kept. Yes, a library is a place where books have long been stored - a source and repository of knowledge. At first these were clay tablets, then - successively - scrolls, handwritten books, printed books. In a modern library (depending on the type and type) you can find everything: clay tablets, scrolls, books, both handwritten and printed, as well as audio books, video materials, electronic resources on a variety of topics, access to information networks, including the Internet . Libraries are not needed because there is the Internet. The great network that has entangled the whole world is now trying to replace everything: mail, theater, cinema, libraries, personal communication, finally. But just as television did not cancel the theater in its time, the Internet cannot replace the library. The ability to use the resources of the Internet is a great blessing and a great benefit, but only those who know how to find, evaluate and examine the information found can extract something useful from what is not for nothing called the web. And there is no institution in the world that is better able than a library to teach a person how to work with information. Where does our school and university life begin? From getting to know the library. Here, as on the Internet, you can find the answer to any question you have. Or almost any one. Modern users who believe that the library can be replaced by the Internet have simply forgotten that they got acquainted with His Majesty Knowledge in the library. So a teenager, having grasped the top of education, considers his parents to be outdated and backward. The time will come - and the teenager will value not only knowledge, but also wisdom, kindness, a sincere desire to help and understand. The time will come - and the development of libraries, and not gas and oil complexes, will become a priority for the smart and educated leadership of our country. Only “nerds” and people out of touch with life go to libraries. People who care about their own future go to the library. Our time is the time of pragmatists. Smart, modern man understands well that the time of wild capitalism and the rampant principle “you have strength, no need for intelligence” is passing. To achieve something in life - dad's capital and mom's connections are not enough, you have to cost something yourself. What are you worth if you are uneducated, wild and rude? The school will teach you the basics of science, the library is a wide field for self-education and self-education. If you want to take everything from life, do it yourself. Including using the library. The library is always quiet and boring. The library should really be quiet. But this silence is concentrated work, not boredom. A person who is bored in the library will be bored at the brightest holiday, simply because he is bored with himself. The world, limited by the space of a computer shooter, is really boring. And the world that the library opens is bright, but complex, diverse and requires effort to master. And it is also promising for those who want to make their life interesting and fulfilling. The choice is yours. Boring, uninteresting people work in the library. Work in library XVIII century was considered very prestigious. So prestigious that payment for it was not always due. The title of librarian was already considered a high honor. The names alone are worth it: N. I. Gnedich, I. A. Krylov, K. N. Batyushkov, A. A. Delvig, A. Kh. Vostokov. Women in the library appeared during the First World War, when men went to the front. Without going into the wilds of the history of librarianship, let's just say that librarians seem boring and uninteresting only to those who are so immersed in themselves and their own affairs that they do not see the people around them. Librarians are humble - it's true. For the most part, they are truly intelligent and, spending their lives next to great people and great events, they are not always ready to emphasize their own importance. Librarians are delicate - this is also true. But intelligence, delicacy, a clear understanding of one’s need for people (not people in general, but those who live in your neighborhood, study at a neighboring school or university across the road) are not qualities that our thoroughly technical and commercial state (and modern , and Soviet). Unfortunately. Librarians only give out books. Once upon a time, at the end of the old era, in the 20s of the last century, a new library arose. This library, in conditions of almost universal illiteracy of the population, was forced to take on educational functions. The library became a school, a club, and a museum. Modern libraries continue to carry the banner of enlightenment - but in a different era, for different people. Readers today undoubtedly have a wealth of knowledge. However, a person needs not only dry information, he often sorely lacks emotional understanding of this knowledge, especially in school age, when not just a future specialist in his field is formed, but a person with the ability to love and be loved, to understand himself and others. Who, if not a library worker, talking with the reader, holding promotions, events, meetings with interesting people and books for him, can help him become a real person, filling dry information with a bright feeling. Anyone can work as a librarian. A modern library is an institution designed to collect, store knowledge, and also provide readers and users with access to knowledge. A librarian, in addition to special library and bibliographic knowledge and skills, must be: a highly educated person with a broad outlook in order to easily answer the most various questions, for example: "What is acmeology?" Or: “How did the Hungarian economy develop in the 18th century?”? friendly and sociable to find mutual language with anyone: a boy, a girl, a young man or an old man, a mechanic, a manager, a teacher, the unemployed, an entrepreneur, a representative of any party and confession; have a solid reserve of patience, because readers are different: picky, meticulous, harmful, unkempt, drunk; a confident PC user, at least within the limits of office programs, since a modern library is not only forms and cards, it is also a solid set of electronic resources; always look good, because readers want to see a friendly and likable person behind the library pulpit; extremely unpretentious in everyday life, because on a librarian’s salary it is simply stupid to hope for a tourist trip beyond your own garden. Now tell me, can everyone work in a library? Libraries will always exist as guardians of knowledge and culture. Perhaps they will not be the same as those to which we are accustomed. Perhaps in the future, in the library you will be greeted not by a friendly girl or a stern lady with glasses, but by a young (or not so young) scientist with a laptop in his hands (or whatever else inventive humanity will come up with). But they will always be there. And woe to those people and that government who do not understand that the worthy existence of a library is a guarantee of a worthy future, for “libraries are the most important thing in culture... while the library is alive, the people are alive; if it dies, the past and the future will die.”

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Open Joint Stock Company "Russian Railways"

Irkutsk State Transport University

Abstract on the subject information culture.

"The role of libraries in modern society"

Completed by: student

Roppert Zh.V.

Code:I-V-04-1-472

Checked by: teacher

Irkutsk 2006

Introduction.

Library - what is it? …………………………………………page 2

Chapter 1

Great library power. ………………………………page 4

Chapter 2

Library Russia at the turn of the millennium. ………………page 7

Chapter 3

New technologies in librarianship………………......page 11

Bibliography……………………………..page 15

Introduction.

Library - what is it?

There are hundreds of library definitions, but their essence is still not fully captured. The reasons are that we are talking about the most universal institutions created by man. Their wealth and importance grew as a person took further steps in understanding the world around him and himself. They contain “everything” and have a relationship “to everything”, are called upon to provide assistance and assistance to “anyone” and “in anything”, a person - at any age and in any condition, healthy and sick, free and prisoner, sighted and blind. . Libraries contain all the knowledge accumulated by generations different nations on a long historical path: about the living and the dead, about the microcosm and about galaxies.

What they do not yet have enough of is what man himself does not know, for example, exact data about where the boundaries of the Universe are and when the world will cease to exist, what will happen after that. Absent from the riches of libraries is a definite answer to the question why man appeared on Earth (why was he created by the Lord from the “dust of the earth” - according to the Bible).

The libraries present what A.I. Herzen called the spiritual testament of one generation to another. “The entire life of humanity was consistently deposited in the book: tribes, people, states disappeared, but the book remained,” he wrote. “It grew along with humanity, all the teachings that shook minds, and all the passions that shook hearts crystallized into it; it contains that huge confession of the turbulent life of humanity, that huge autograph, which is called world history. But in the book there is more than one past; it constitutes a document by which we are introduced into the possession of the present, into the possession of the entire sum of truths and efforts found through suffering, sometimes drenched in bloody sweat; it is the program of the future. So, let’s respect the book!”

The library itself, in the words of the great thinker and democrat, is “an open table of ideas, at which everyone will find the food they are looking for; this is a reserve store where some people put their thoughts and discoveries, while others take them for growth.”

In poetic form, the imperishable nature and significance of libraries was expressed by I. A. Bunin:

The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, -

Only the word is given life.

From ancient darkness to the world graveyard

Only the Letters sound.

Nowadays, writing has acquired many new forms that facilitate their storage and transmission over a distance. But they still need to be perceived through vision as well as hearing. And the library will take on new varieties. But all the same, its content in a figurative, public, traditional sense is a Book. To underestimate the library is to ignore the Book: a miracle of miracles created by Man.

And if people make a mistake in something and find themselves in misfortune, then “someday this will come to an end. And humanity will look back in confusion. And, delving deeper into himself, he will think about the goals and destinations of his path. And he will look for the answer in his soul, abandoned and roughened, overgrown with thistles, like a field that has lain fallow for too long. And he won't find an answer. And then the book will give him the answer. A book that a man despised and threw away. A book, a strange fruit of dreams, and junk that no one needs; a book so dull next to the “golden reality”. A book that was considered dead; book, old cheap trash; book, the source of all life. The book, which measured the parallels and meridians of the human soul, invaded the depths of the brain, carrying ancient generations to the highest heights and to the farthest distance. A book is manna from heaven, capable of feeding crowds; food that, the more you eat it, the more it becomes; magic bread that gives satiety to the hungry, wealth to the poor, strength to the weak. A book through which anyone can become a banker, a Croesus of knowledge, a millionaire of thoughts.” Dezsé Kostalany is a Hungarian writer of the 20th century.

Chapter 1

Great library power.

The 20th century is behind us. Ten years before its end, Russia - in the traditional sense of the word - in Once again changed social order, and at the same time geographical boundaries, losing a quarter of the territory and half of the population. Scientists and writers are now looking for a definition that could be used to christen the past century as a whole.

In Russia, the twentieth century includes a number of historical periods limited by revolutions, wars and other events, mostly of a tragic nature, with millions of victims.

This side of the century has been described figuratively by many poets.

For example, at the beginning of the century:

Twentieth century... Even more homeless,

More scarier than life haze.

Even blacker and bigger

Shadow of Lucifer's wing.

Alexander Blok

At the end of it:

I'm tired of the twentieth century

From its bloody rivers.

And I don’t need human rights,

I have not been human for a long time.

Vladimir Sokolov

Today, it is even difficult to imagine what our country and all spheres of life in it, material and spiritual, would be like if its path were smooth, calm, favorable for creation and creativity, including the development of libraries. In fact, their network grew and then shrank, many libraries perished, but after this, observing the traditions of centuries-old “book wisdom,” people created new libraries.

The history of the current network of these institutions dates back to the beginning of the Soviet period. This is both true and false. The Soviet system adopted from pre-October Russia a significant network of libraries, especially large scientific and public, as well as personal ones. And although there were large losses of printed works as a result of the nationalization of private and church libraries, librarianship still developed on the basis created in previous eras. A significant number of industry specialists who were previously trained and educated also took part in this process. But no matter who founded the libraries, money was spent on them folk remedies. And libraries contributed to society becoming literate and rising to the heights of scientific and technical creativity, creating new spiritual values.

In the years Soviet power librarianship, having become an integral part of cultural, educational and national policy, was updated and developed on new ideological principles.

The network of libraries has grown many times - to 300 thousand or more; their collections accumulated about 5 billion books and brochures. By the time we began to carry out this task, it had been solved only in a few countries - several European and the USA.

The above took place in the conditions of a very multinational and multi-religious country. At the same time, writing was created or improved for the first time for more than 40 nations. Libraries have developed in all republics - union and autonomous, and not only in cities, but also in rural areas; they began to play a major role in various spheres of life - eliminating illiteracy, carrying out social, cultural and economic transformations.

In Soviet times, there were also negative things that largely determined the activities of libraries: the dictatorship of the Communist Party, uniform ideological guidelines, censorship, sometimes cruel. But libraries had and widely used tens of millions of units of natural science, technical, agricultural, medical and other literature. The collections of public libraries consisted of 50-60 percent fiction, including works by many greatest writers Russia and other countries.

Censorship, strict control over the composition of written works distributed in society, and later - print, existed throughout the world for centuries, even millennia. Censorship became especially strict after the advent of printing. It dominated in Russia for centuries, with interruptions only during the revolution of 1905 and for the period from March to May 1917.

In general, the history of the book industry in Rus', in Russia, in the USSR is the history of persecution of the press, church, secular, state and party censorship. It was under these conditions that the printed word developed, libraries were created, and readers were served. The bulk of the collections of current libraries is what was accumulated before the beginning of the 90s of our century, during the censorship era, including a certain proportion of domestic and foreign publications published before 1917 in large libraries.

By the second half of the twentieth century, the issue of censorship in terms of human freedoms became recognized in international level problem.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, censorship has been abolished in our country.

There is hardly a country in whose history there would be no periods, events, phenomena, or deeds in the past. negative character.

But it is customary to be proud of the best that happened in the past. This corresponds to the wise English proverb: “Right or wrong - my country.” "This is my country - right or wrong."

In the 90s. years in Russian libraries big changes have taken place. The human personality has freed itself from much that constrained it

The Soviet regime left historical scene, where he entered to the sounds of fanfare.

Final score Soviet stage library development, as well as the corresponding period in the history of our country, is a matter of the future. But today we should neither idealize it and regret that it remains in the past, nor paint everything that happened then with only black colors.

Political changes - the elimination of censorship - created favorable conditions for the activities of libraries, which coincided with the general trends in the development of these institutions throughout the world.

Libraries have received significant freedom of activity in our country. Conditions have been created for self-organization and initiative of their employees. Their community with fellow professionals from other countries is developing. Opportunities have emerged for including libraries in the global library and information system.

There have also been changes in the typology of libraries. Concepts, directions, types of activities are rooted in Russian library science.

Chapter 2

Library Russia at the turn of the millennium.

In the last decade, both in professional circles and in public opinion, two opposing theses about what is happening in libraries have dominated.

Thesis one: libraries in Russia are dying.

The second thesis is that libraries in Russia are actively developing.

There are hardly any objective criteria and methods for analyzing the activities of libraries, using which it would be possible to make a short and understandable diagnosis of what is really happening in Russian libraries today?

Modern library science has developed a sufficient number of such criteria and methods. But even using all these tools in the most conscientious manner, it will not be possible to obtain a simple, unambiguous, understandable and shared assessment.

The development of librarianship and library services in Russia in the 1990s was marked by serious contradictions - undoubted achievements in some areas and losses in others, the activation of some libraries and the decline of others.

But this is not only in libraries - everything in Russia is extremely contradictory.

Not so long ago, one of our famous politicians said something like that, when analyzing what is happening in our country, making forecasts and making political decisions, we must constantly keep in mind: Russia is at the same time Europe and Asia, West and East, North and South, the country is very rich and at the same time very poor, still totalitarian, but already democratic, still closed to the world, but also open to the point of insecurity, with high technology and at the same time backward, highly developed and developing.

Our libraries exist precisely in such an extremely heterogeneous country, unlike anyone else, and reflect what is happening in it. It is natural that we have weak, dying libraries that do not meet any, even the most understated, requirements.

IN last years we have witnessed how ideas about the tasks and capabilities of libraries, their place in the cultural, scientific, educational and information infrastructure, their role in political life, development of democracy, local government, market economy, formation of a global information space. These ideas are undergoing changes simultaneously at the professional, governmental, and ordinary levels.

The social role of libraries is evolving. To the traditional functions of an educational nature, preservation and enhancement cultural heritage functions of information centers are added, providing access to national information networks and banks.

Traditional in-library technologies, forms of library services to the population, and the nature of interaction with authorities and various social groups are changing.

It is also natural that, compared to other cultural institutions in Russia, it is libraries that are affected by reforms most strongly and dramatically, qualitatively changing their role in society, expanding the requirements placed on them. Libraries are most dependent on changes in their environment - the state of book publishing, book distribution, the development of the information sphere and telecommunications, the work of postal and transport, customs, but most importantly - on changes in the structure of society, the decline in the standard of living of a significant part of it, the emergence of new areas employment and new social groups with information needs.

Only libraries strive to keep track of everything national repertoire press, acquire publications published in the country in order to make them available for public use.

Libraries have become one of the few social institutions, who take responsibility for ensuring the informational and cultural unity of the regions of such a huge country.

At the present moment, society needs new practical and fundamental knowledge, reliable, promptly received information. The need for this can only be satisfied through state and municipal public libraries, since the library remains the only institution providing access to culture, knowledge and information free of charge.

Since the end of 1980, the demand for libraries has increased markedly. With a significant reduction in the network of other cultural institutions, libraries took over the functions cultural centers organizing leisure time for people.

According to data as of January 1, 1999, the Russian library network includes about 150 thousand libraries

The largest in the country are two with the status national libraries Russian Federation - Russian state library in Moscow and the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, as well as the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All three libraries belong to the ranks of the world's library giants.

The most extensive and ramified network of public libraries, which includes nine federal libraries:

· Russian State Library;

· Russian National Library;

· All-Russian State Library of Foreign Literature named after. Rudomino;

· State Public Historical Library;

· State Socio-Political Library;

· Russian State Library for Art;

· Russian State Youth Library;

· Russian State Children's Library;

· Russian State Library for the Blind.

Part of this network are 282 central libraries of all 89 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In the system of higher and secondary specialized education there are approximately three thousand libraries of universities, academies, institutes, schools, and colleges.

In system general education There are more than 63 thousand school libraries.

A large network of research libraries has been created by the Russian Academy of Sciences. It includes 375 libraries.

IN Soviet period each line ministry (health, Agriculture etc.) created its own network of specialized libraries, which was headed by the central branch library. The scientific and methodological center for all libraries was the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the USSR, with universal collections on science and technology.

One of the largest libraries in the world in its field is the All-Russian Patent and Technical Library

To serve the highest bodies of state power, the Library of the President of the Russian Federation and the Parliamentary Library of the Russian Federation were created.

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and other law enforcement agencies have an extensive network of libraries.

Russian libraries, in fact, represent an integral single organism and traditionally interact with each other, as well as with foreign libraries, if necessary, exchanging documents and information about them.

Almost every branch of the national economy has a central book depository at the federal level.

Unlike other countries, state bibliographic records of Russian printed materials are maintained not by national libraries, but by a specialized bibliographic institution - the Russian Book Chamber (RBC). It publishes current indexes and yearbooks of published books, magazines and newspaper publications, sheet music publications, geographical maps. Since 1994, the Russian national bibliography has been published on CD-ROM.

Due to the fact that science in the USSR developed mainly not in universities, but in special research institutes, Russian university libraries are much poorer and are not comparable in importance to Western ones, since they were initially focused mainly on the educational process and never were open to the general public.

Due to this and some other circumstances, each of the territories that now constitute Russian Federation, has one central regional library open to everyone with a universal fund, including the main repertoire of scientific literature. In terms of the type and composition of collections, such libraries are a combination of a public and an academic library in the Western sense, something like

national mini-library.

Many administrative centers of territories, regions and districts opened special libraries separately for children and separately for youth. The main emphasis was on the specifics of working with these categories of readers.

Economic reforms have caused a decrease total number libraries.

Party, trade union and scientific and technical libraries suffered the most. In many cases, these libraries were fully accepted for budget funding by cultural authorities, or their book collections were transferred to public libraries.

Chapter 3

New technologies in library science.

The most important tasks of libraries in modern world increasingly formed as providing free and unrestricted access to information and preserving its sources, since these two tasks absorb almost all the others. The librarian is increasingly called not a custodian and promoter of books, but an information specialist, a navigator in the ocean of information, which doubles in quantity every eight years.

Entering the third millennium, a modern library is no longer only a book depository, but also a kind of electronic archive. This is the only place on earth where access to information is provided both in traditional media and in in electronic format. Online services for remote library users, as well as provision of information from remote sources, have become the norm in libraries in Western countries.

What will happen to libraries in the context of integration processes? Will our institutions be included in a single international system? It is difficult to give an exact answer to this question, and even more so it is hardly possible to indicate any, at least approximate, dates.

Let's start with the fact that the technological prerequisites for this already exist, and a similar process is underway - especially in developed countries. Our country is going through the same process.

Libraries will become more and more saturated with technology. There will still be sharp turns and leaps. In Russia, a transition is now taking place from the stage when many libraries, especially rural ones, do not even have a telephone, not to mention copying equipment, to the stage of including these institutions in Information Systems, including global ones.

Libraries provide everything a serious reader can do, technically and technologically! Being within the walls of one of them, he can access the wealth of others and use electronic delivery of the sources he needs; At its service are machine-readable databases. He can work with a computer and receive copies of materials - both printed and electronic versions. A large library can provide readers with translations from one language to another. Special conditions are increasingly being created for specific categories of users - age, with physical disabilities, etc.

What are the social consequences of innovations? Already today they make it possible to do for visitors what is in the so-called virtual world. From an institution that provided access to knowledge fixed on tangible media and stored on shelves, the library turns into a full co-owner of the information wealth of other institutions, and its employees become owners of knowledge, genuine knowledge.

This led to a change in the composition of librarians by specialty. Many new professions are emerging, the structure of institutions, forms and methods of management are changing. In all this, both electronics and automation, as well as pedagogical and psychological approaches play a big role.

The Internet is successfully moving around the planet. The Internet is a product of human genius, being a global system, creating a new information climate on the planet, personifying freedom of speech, pluralism, and enabling a wide exchange of opinions between individuals and between nations. The great importance of the Internet is also noted as a means of education, scientific, technical and economic progress, and in politically- as a symbol of democracy. The Internet is a stage in the development of man himself.

For libraries, the Internet has created and continues to create and expand conditions for using their reference and encyclopedic potential. What until now required enormous efforts to search for sources of information and databases in almost hundreds of existing countries and thousands of places - libraries, archives, museums, etc., is now part of the daily life of our institutions, strengthening their social role.

At the same time, based on practice, experts have noticed that the Internet cannot replace libraries. Moreover, they noticed him negative sides. It carries with it the threat of satiation with disordered information, in which there is a lot of chaos; there are no restrictions on its composition, including moral and political ones.

Many people in the world are concerned about the problem information security associated with the public availability of the Internet.

But let's return to libraries, which are obliged to use what they need, based on the requests and needs of the person who contacts them. The reader’s transition to the power of the Internet often changes his needs, affects his psyche, and distracts him from the motivations that brought him to us.

“Although the library is by its nature one of the carriers of conservative values, it does not have the right to refuse the Internet. But at the same time, she cannot accept all his resources and all his “rules of the game” indiscriminately. The library must carefully change the traditions of classifying the search, storage and consumption of information. Therefore, she has no right to trust the Internet as it is. Rather, it should take advantage of those capabilities that do not so much abolish the usual forms of its work, but rather improve and simplify them.” V. Agadzhanyan is a specialist in the field of bibliography.

“The Internet is a fast, rapidly rushing stream. You must first find your ford, then your island in order to gain a foothold, stand, and then swim with everyone else together, without drowning or being thrown ashore.” J. Shreiberg- Russian specialist in the field of library informatization.

“Still, the most accessible and highest quality information transmitter remains on for a long time Guttenberg's great invention is the book... If people refuse books, it is not the Internet's fault... Only a madman will read " Divine Comedy"from the screen or multiply it on a printer... No Internet can replace an album with Dore's lithographs. You shouldn’t indulge in another Manilov dream. There is no royal path to the kingdom of world information. The road there goes through school, university, and graduate school. The only thing that makes the Internet dangerous is the illusory connection to science or culture of any electronic onlooker who knows how to open a file. Today's electronic “Mitrofanushki” and “acid people” stare at the screen for hours, thinking that just like that, without studying, easily and freely, they will become equal interlocutors of the gods. They forget that “gods” are just virtual mirages, and therefore accessible to everyone. Even a fifth grader can talk to a virtual Einstein. Just remember that this Einstein is no different from Mickey Mouse.” K. Kedrov is a domestic academician, humanist, philosopher.

What are the social consequences of the innovation? Already today they make it possible to make accessible to visitors what is in the so-called virtual world.

The library has been following the path of globalization for many centuries, gradually accelerating it and approaching what, according to the same scientists, should lead to the emergence of a single universal culture. Even in ancient times, libraries provided each other with their treasures for copying.

Since the Renaissance, especially in modern times, regular import and export of books have developed, the number of which today amounts to tens of millions of copies. International book exchange and international interlibrary loan emerged as permanent processes regulated by special agreements and instructions. It develops over the centuries translation activities, which plays, especially these days, a huge role in the exchange of spiritual values. Thanks to translations, many monuments of ancient science, philosophy, and literature have reached us.

Throughout the history of libraries, collections have become increasingly international, including multilingual. But the matter was not limited to this: for many centuries, the discerning reader sought to get into a library that had the maximum of spiritual treasures. So not only the sources of knowledge were delivered to the person, but the person himself was “delivered” to such sources. Many came to the same Library of Alexandria, especially at the time of its greatest prosperity (2nd century BC - 1st century BC), from all over ancient world In the libraries of the Arab Caliphate - Baghdad, Damascus, Tripoli, Cordoba, etc. - there were also many “non-resident” readers. In the largest libraries of Europe - Sorbonne, Oxford, Cambridge, French National, especially - British Museum, - thousands of readers - representatives - have been and are engaged in different countries, including not only European, but also Asia, Africa, Australia. In the recent past, until the beginning of the 1990s, in just one year people came from all over the Soviet Union, including Siberia, to study at the State Library of the USSR named after V.I. Lenin. Far East, Central Asia and Transcaucasia, up to 90 thousand readers. Nowadays, more and more conditions are being created for the use of any library by any person, including because the number of people who speak languages other than their native one is already in the millions.

World system libraries as a link in globalism are technically and technologically prepared. It is important that the political and especially economic conditions of the new century, the entire world order, contribute to its creation in accordance with universal human interests.

Bibliography .

1. Kuzmin E.I. Library Russia at the turn of the millennium. Public policy and library management. - M.: Liberia, 1999.-

2. Fonotov G.P. Libraries - society - Russia. Research of the sociocultural environment. - M.: Liberia, 2002. -

3. Andreeva I.A. On the verge of radical change.- // Library.- 2004.-№1.-p.49-52.

4. Elyapov B., Soboleva E., Kozhevnikova L. On the way to lifelong education.- // Library.-1999.-No.5.-p.6-9.

5. G. Fonotov And a worldwide library system will appear. -// Library.-2003.-No.2.-p.9-11.

On the role of the library in the life of modern society

Library in the life of modern society.

Garafutdinova Ilsia Salyakhovna,

Head library of gymnasium No. 15

The library is one of the oldest cultural institutions. Over the long period of human history, its social functions have undergone significant changes. The purpose of the first libraries was to store documents. From its inception to today The library has evolved from a repository of knowledge for a select few to the most popular and universal source of information.

Currently, there is a noticeable lag in the development of libraries from the level of modern society, and therefore, in its traditional understanding, the library plays an increasingly smaller role in the life of modern society. For example, even as a librarian, I will not go to the library for a book that interests me: if it is a relatively old book, then I will download a pirated version on the Internet, and if it is new, then I will simply buy it (and, perhaps, also via the Internet).

You can say that digital library on the Internet is also a library in some way. But in fact, the similarity ends with the name: there are no librarians, no forms, and no return period. And in general, it is created by the readers themselves. This is simply a free repository of information from which you can get it in a matter of minutes, without leaving the couch (where you will later read this book).

So what is a library in modern society? In my opinion, nowadays the library (at least in Russia) is approaching the function of a museum. This is no longer a repository of information (as it was before), but of books. This is precisely the repository of books as objects. More and more, the value of a book is as a copy, as an artifact, if you like. And you can almost always get the information that is in it without even opening it. In modern society, books in general are increasingly turning into a kind of fetish for the sophisticated.

Of course, there are still scientific libraries and libraries in schools, but I think that the digitization of scientific libraries is a matter of time. And now in scientific libraries they practically don’t give you a book to take home; you work with it in the reading room. Well, just like they don’t give you museum exhibits! It’s good that they are not hidden in display cases and you can touch them, but perhaps this is also a matter of time.

The processes taking place in modern society affect libraries and force changes not only in the entire system of library work and library resources, but also for the first time raise the question of the “boundaries” of library space and the very foundations of the existence of traditional libraries and their functions.

In the modern world, the library must constantly develop. It is no longer enough to simply store and issue books. The rhythm of life in modern society is now very fast and the reader now not only needs BOOKS, he needs opportunities. Truly modern libraries have begun to introduce information technologies: they create electronic catalogs, digitize books, and even launch Internet analogues of the library.

Imagine an ideal library: you are sitting in the reading room at the computer. You can simultaneously work with books in this library and request additional data from another library via a special interlibrary network via the Internet (Library of Congress in the USA, for example), quickly obtain this data, print out fragments of books that interest you and make copies.

This is what a modern library user needs now; these are the demands society now places on libraries. In turn, the ongoing social transformations affect libraries, which changes the entire system of library work and library resources, raising the question of the “borders” of library space and the very foundations of the existence of traditional libraries and their functions. The modern library destroys its physical boundaries and moves from real space to virtual space. On the one hand, it offers access to information resources belonging to other libraries, on the other, it itself becomes interactive, digitizing its collections and collaborating with other libraries via the Internet. It turns out to be a kind of interlibrary loan, only without sending books and even without the direct constant participation of the librarian, the librarian only models this process.

Ideology is a system of values, views and ideas that reflect people’s attitude towards politics and existing political system and political order, as well as the goals that politicians and society as a whole should strive for. Belarus today is a transformed society, for which it is important to study and substantiate the system of ideological values, clarify government structure, a system of economic and political values and priorities that could become the foundation in the formation of Belarusian statehood and its national ideology.

On modern stage reforming the education system of the Republic of Belarus, issues of ideological and educational work occupy a priority place in the educational activities of higher educational institutions. A modern higher educational institution is considered as the most important institution for the socialization of the individual, where training and education are a single process aimed at training not only highly educated, erudite and creatively thinking specialists, but also people who are proactive, enterprising, and capable of comprehension. current problems states and to active participation in the socio-political activities of their country.

Special role and responsibility for accompanying ideological and educational work at the university rests with the library. Today, the library carries out ideological and educational work among its users at the proper level, clearly understanding the directions of this work.

Functions of the ideological and educational work of the library: active and targeted popularization of the library collection educational institution, content of newspapers and magazines on problems of the country's socio-political life; comprehensive study of the interests and needs of its users; organization and holding of permanent exhibitions and screenings dedicated to the most important events life of the state and society; preparation of annotations and exhibitions of new acquisitions; providing literature for a complex of ideologically oriented disciplines; organizing subscriptions to central republican printed publications; development and distribution of leaflets, posters, information sheets, and other visual materials for library users.

Directions of ideological and educational work: civic-patriotic education; labor and professional education, formation of information culture; formation of a healthy lifestyle, physical education; environmental education; legal education; spiritual, moral and aesthetic education.

Civic-patriotic education As part of this direction, the library organizes permanent exhibitions “Fundamentals of the Ideology of the Belarusian State.” Book exhibitions and other events dedicated to the coat of arms, flag, and anthem are organized to coincide with the national holiday, which is celebrated every second Sunday in May “Day of the State Emblem of the Republic of Belarus and the State Flag of the Republic of Belarus.” Increased attention The library focuses on the preparation and holding of events dedicated to the celebration of the Day of Unity of the Peoples of Belarus and Russia (April 2), Victory Day (May 9), Day of National Remembrance of the Victims of the Great Patriotic War (June 22), Independence Day of the Republic of Belarus (July 3). Particularly important in the work of familiarizing users with history and traditions Belarusian people, to revive national values, there are thematic book exhibitions held in libraries that promote literature on the history of Belarus, philosophy, sociology, political science, and cultural studies.

Formation of a healthy lifestyle, physical education An important area of ideological and educational work is the formation of a healthy lifestyle of students. Library Centers special efforts to hold exhibitions aimed at counteracting drug addiction and substance abuse, smoking, drunkenness, alcohol addictions of some students World Anti-Drug Day; World Health Day; World No Tobacco Day; World Tourism Day; World AIDS Day. Environmental education Work of the university library on environmental education students is based on the active promotion of literature devoted to the problems of preserving, increasing and rationally using the rich natural resources. Therefore, the library holds various exhibitions dedicated to the International Earth and Water Day, Conservation Day environment, Day of the Chernobyl tragedy.

Alexander Lukashenka. President of the Republic of Belarus: Photo album / photo P.V. Castrami. – Minsk: Belarus, – 168 p. Republic of Belarus: society, politics, economy, people. – Minsk: Belarusian Press House, – 431 p. State for the people: Documents and materials of the third All-Belarusian People's Assembly on March 2-3, 2006 / editorial board. A.N. Rubinov [and others]. – Minsk: Belarus, – 355 p. Babosov E.M. Fundamentals of Ideology modern state/ EAT. Babosov. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional.. - Minsk: Amalfeya, 2007 System of ideological work in the Republic of Belarus: current state and development prospects: collection. materials in 2 hours. Part 1. – Minsk: Belarusian Press House, – 328 p. Fundamentals of the ideology of the Belarusian state: textbook. manual for universities / under general. ed. S.N. Knyazeva, S.V. Reshetnikova. – Minsk: Academy of Management under the President of the Republic of Belarus, – 491 p.

Belarus and Russia: social sphere and sociocultural dynamics: Sat. scientific works / under general ed. O.V. Proleskovsky, G.V. Osipova. – Minsk: IAC, – 384 p. The origins of unity: social and environmental policy and problems of the formation of environmental ethics and morality in the context of integration of Russia and Belarus. – M.: “Library of the Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, 2006.–359 p. Belarus and Russia: societies and states / ed. - comp. D.E. Furman. – M.: Human rights, – 432 p. Illustrated history of the union state: encyclopedia. – M.: Rossiyskaya Gazeta, – 258 p. Union State. Development and prospects / edited by. ed. P.P. Borodin. – 2nd ed., add. and processed – Minsk: BELTA, – 72 p.

The Great Patriotic War: encyclopedia / ch. ed. MM. Kozlov. – M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, – 832 p. Hero-fortress / comp. T. Khodtseva, S. Maslyukov. – Minsk: Belarus, – 120 p. Vyalikaya aichynaya war of the savetskaga people (kantekstse has another earthly war): educational program / pad ed. A.A. Kavaleni, M.S. Stashkevich. – Minsk: Issue. Center BDU, – 279 p. Kotov A.I. Belarus during the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War(years): chronological reference book. – Minsk: UE “Encyclopedics”, – 40 p. They say fallen heroes: Suicide letters Soviet fighters against the Nazi invaders (1941 - 1945) / comp. V.A. Kondratyev, Z.N. Polit. – M.: Politizdat, – 272 p. Called to Belarus: photo album. – Minsk: Belarus, – 144 p.

Abstract on the subject information culture.

Completed by: student Roppert Zh.V.

Irkutsk 2006

Introduction.

Library - what is it?

There are hundreds of library definitions, but their essence is still not fully captured. The reasons are that we are talking about the most universal institutions created by man. Their wealth and importance grew as a person took further steps in understanding the world around him and himself. They contain “everything” and have a relationship “to everything”, are called upon to provide assistance and assistance to “anyone” and “in anything”, a person - at any age and in any condition, healthy and sick, free and prisoner, sighted and blind. . Libraries contain all the knowledge accumulated by generations of different peoples along a long historical path: about the living and the dead, about the microcosm and about galaxies.

What they don’t yet have enough of is what man himself does not know, for example, exact data about where the boundaries of the Universe are and when the world will cease to exist, what will happen after that. Absent from the riches of libraries is a definite answer to the question why man appeared on Earth (why was he created by the Lord from the “dust of the earth” - according to the Bible).

The libraries present what A.I. Herzen called the spiritual testament of one generation to another. “The entire life of humanity was consistently deposited in the book: tribes, people, states disappeared, but the book remained,” he wrote. “It grew along with humanity, all the teachings that shook minds, and all the passions that shook hearts crystallized into it; it contains that huge confession of the turbulent life of mankind, that huge autography that is called world history. But in the book there is more than one past; it constitutes a document by which we are introduced into the possession of the present, into the possession of the entire sum of truths and efforts found through suffering, sometimes drenched in bloody sweat; it is the program of the future. So, let’s respect the book!”

In poetic form, the imperishable nature and significance of libraries was expressed by I. A. Bunin:

The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, Only the word is given life.

From ancient darkness to the world graveyard

Only the Letters sound.

Great library power.

The 20th century is behind us. Ten years before its end, Russia - in the traditional sense of the word - once again changed its social system, and at the same time its geographical borders, losing a quarter of its territory and half of its population. Scientists and writers are now looking for a definition that could be used to christen the past century as a whole.

In Russia, the twentieth century includes a number of historical periods limited by revolutions, wars and other events, mostly of a tragic nature, with millions of victims.

This side of the century has been described figuratively by many poets.

For example, at the beginning of the century:

Twentieth century... Even more homeless,

Even worse than life is darkness.

Even blacker and bigger

Shadow of Lucifer's wing.

Alexander Blok

At the end of it:

I'm tired of the twentieth century

From its bloody rivers.

And I don’t need human rights,

I have not been human for a long time.

Vladimir Sokolov

The history of the current network of these institutions dates back to the beginning of the Soviet period. This is both true and false. The Soviet system adopted from pre-October Russia a significant network of libraries, especially large scientific and public, as well as personal ones. And although there were large losses of printed works as a result of the nationalization of private and church libraries, librarianship still developed on the basis created in previous eras. A significant number of industry specialists who were previously trained and educated also took part in this process. But no matter who founded the libraries, public funds were spent on them. And libraries contributed to society becoming literate and rising to the heights of scientific and technical creativity, creating new spiritual values.

During the years of Soviet power, librarianship, having become an integral part of cultural, educational and national policy, was updated and developed on new ideological principles.

In Soviet times, there were also negative things that largely determined the activities of libraries: the dictatorship of the Communist Party, uniform ideological guidelines, censorship, sometimes cruel. But libraries had and widely used tens of millions of units of natural science, technical, agricultural, medical and other literature. The collections of public libraries consisted of 50-60 percent of fiction, including works by many of the greatest writers of Russia and other countries.

Censorship, strict control over the composition of written works disseminated in society, and later the press, existed throughout the world for centuries, even millennia. Censorship became especially strict after the advent of printing. It dominated in Russia for centuries, with interruptions only during the revolution of 1905 and for the period from March to May 1917.

In general, the history of book publishing in Rus', in Russia, in the USSR is a history of persecution of the press, censorship of the church, secular, state and party. It was under these conditions that the printed word developed, libraries were created, and readers were served. The bulk of the collections of current libraries is what was accumulated before the beginning of the 90s of our century, during the censorship era, including a certain proportion of domestic and foreign publications published before 1917 in large libraries.

By the second half of the twentieth century, the issue of censorship in relation to human freedoms became an internationally recognized problem.

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, censorship has been abolished in our country.

It is unlikely that there is a country in whose history in the past there would be no periods, events, phenomena, or acts of a negative nature.

But it is customary to be proud of the best that happened in the past. This corresponds to the wise English proverb: “Right or wrong – my country.”

In the 90s. Over the years, great changes have occurred in Russian libraries. The human personality has freed itself from much that constrained it

The Soviet regime left the historical stage, which it entered to the sounds of fanfare.

The final assessment of the Soviet stage of library development, as well as the corresponding period in the history of our country, is a matter for the future. But today we should neither idealize it and regret that it remains in the past, nor paint everything that happened then with only black colors.

There have also been changes in the typology of libraries. Concepts, directions, types of activities are rooted in Russian library science.

Library Russia at the turn of the millennium.

In the last decade, both in professional circles and in public opinion, two opposing theses about what is happening in libraries have dominated.

Thesis one: libraries in Russia are dying.

The second thesis is that libraries in Russia are actively developing.

But this is not only in libraries - everything in Russia is extremely contradictory.

Not so long ago, one of our famous politicians said something like that, when analyzing what is happening in our country, making forecasts and making political decisions, we must constantly keep in mind: Russia is at the same time Europe and Asia, West and East, North and South, the country is very rich and at the same time very poor, still totalitarian, but already democratic, still closed to the world, but also open to the point of insecurity, with high technologies and at the same time backward, highly developed and developing.

In recent years, we have witnessed how ideas about the tasks and capabilities of libraries, their place in the cultural, scientific, educational and information infrastructure, their role in political life, the development of democracy, local self-government, market economy, and the formation of a global information space are changing dramatically. . These ideas are undergoing changes simultaneously at the professional, governmental, and ordinary levels.

The social role of libraries is evolving. To the traditional functions of an educational nature, preservation and enhancement of cultural heritage, the functions of information centers are added, providing access to national information networks and banks.

Traditional in-library technologies, forms of library services to the population, and the nature of interaction with authorities and various social groups are changing.

Only libraries strive to keep track of the entire national repertoire of the press and acquire publications published in the country in order to make them available for public use.

Libraries have become one of the few social institutions that take responsibility for ensuring the information and cultural unity of the regions of such a huge country.

Since the end of 1980, the demand for libraries has increased markedly. With a significant reduction in the network of other cultural institutions, libraries took on the functions of cultural centers organizing people's leisure time.

According to data as of January 1, 1999, the Russian library network includes about 150 thousand libraries

The largest in the country are two national libraries of the Russian Federation - the Russian State Library in Moscow and the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, as well as the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All three libraries belong to the ranks of the world's library giants.

The most extensive and ramified network of public libraries, which includes nine federal libraries:

Russian State Library;

Russian National Library;

All-Russian State Library of Foreign Literature named after. Rudomino;

State Public Historical Library;

State Social and Political Library;

Russian State Library for Art;

Russian State Youth Library;

Russian State Children's Library;

Russian State Library for the Blind.

Part of this network are 282 central libraries of all 89 constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In the system of higher and secondary specialized education there are approximately three thousand libraries of universities, academies, institutes, schools, and colleges.

There are more than 63 thousand school libraries in the general education system.

A large network of research libraries has been created by the Russian Academy of Sciences. It includes 375 libraries.

During the Soviet period, each sectoral ministry (health, agriculture, etc.) created its own network of specialized libraries, which was headed by the central sectoral library. The scientific and methodological center for all libraries was the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the USSR, with universal collections on science and technology.

One of the largest libraries in the world in its field is the All-Russian Patent and Technical Library

To serve the highest bodies of state power, the Library of the President of the Russian Federation and the Parliamentary Library of the Russian Federation were created.

The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and other law enforcement agencies have an extensive network of libraries.

Russian libraries, in fact, represent an integral, unified organism and traditionally interact with each other, as well as with foreign libraries, exchanging documents and information about them if necessary.

Almost every branch of the national economy has a central book depository at the federal level.

Unlike other countries, state bibliographic records of Russian printed materials are maintained not by national libraries, but by a specialized bibliographic institution - the Russian Book Chamber (RBC). It publishes current indexes and yearbooks of published books, magazine and newspaper publications, music publications, and geographical maps. Since 1994, the Russian national bibliography has been published on CD-ROM.

Due to this and some other circumstances, each of the territories that now make up the Russian Federation has one central regional library open to all with a universal fund, including the main repertoire of scientific literature. In terms of the type and composition of collections, such libraries are a combination of a public and an academic library in the Western sense, something like

national mini-library.

Economic reforms caused a decrease in the total number of libraries.

New technologies in library science.

The most important tasks of libraries in the modern world are increasingly shaped as providing free and unrestricted access to information and preserving its sources, since these two tasks absorb almost all others. The librarian is increasingly called not a custodian and promoter of books, but an information specialist, a navigator in the ocean of information, which doubles in quantity every eight years.

Entering the third millennium, a modern library is no longer only a book depository, but also a kind of electronic archive. This is the only place on earth where access to information is provided both on traditional media and in electronic form. Online services for remote library users, as well as provision of information from remote sources, have become the norm in libraries in Western countries.

Libraries will become more and more saturated with technology. There will still be sharp turns and leaps. In Russia, we are now undergoing a transition from the stage when many libraries, especially rural ones, do not even have a telephone, not to mention duplicating equipment, to the stage of including these institutions in information systems, including global ones.

The Internet is successfully moving around the planet. The Internet is a product of human genius, being a global system, creating a new information climate on the planet, personifying freedom of speech, pluralism, and enabling a wide exchange of opinions between individuals and between nations. The great importance of the Internet is also noted as a means of education, scientific, technical and economic progress, and politically – as a symbol of democracy. The Internet is a stage in the development of man himself.

At the same time, based on practice, experts have noticed that the Internet cannot replace libraries. Moreover, we noticed its negative sides. It carries with it the threat of satiation with disordered information, in which there is a lot of chaos; there are no restrictions on its composition, including moral and political ones.

Many people in the world are also concerned about the problem of information security associated with the public availability of the Internet.

“Still, the most accessible and highest quality transmitter of information remains for a long time the great invention of Guttenberg - the book... If people refuse books, it is not the Internet that is to blame... Only a madman would read The Divine Comedy from the screen or multiply it on a printer... No Internet will replace the album with Dore's lithographs. You shouldn’t indulge in another Manilov dream. There is no royal path to the kingdom of world information. The road there goes through school, university, and graduate school. The only thing that makes the Internet dangerous is the illusory connection to science or culture of any electronic onlooker who knows how to open a file. Today's electronic “Mitrofanushki” and “acid people” stare at the screen for hours, thinking that just like that, without studying, easily and freely, they will become equal interlocutors of the gods. They forget that “gods” are just virtual mirages, and therefore accessible to everyone. Even a fifth grader can talk to a virtual Einstein. Just remember that this Einstein is no different from Mickey Mouse.”

What are the social consequences of the innovation? Already today they make it possible to make accessible to visitors what is in the so-called virtual world.

Since the Renaissance, especially in modern times, regular import and export of books have developed, the number of which today amounts to tens of millions of copies. International book exchange and international interlibrary loan emerged as permanent processes regulated by special agreements and instructions. Over the centuries, translation activity has been developing, playing, especially today, a huge role in the exchange of spiritual values. Thanks to translations, many monuments of ancient science, philosophy, and literature have reached us.

The world library system as a link in globalism is technically and technologically prepared. It is important that the political and especially economic conditions of the new century, the entire world order, contribute to its creation in accordance with universal human interests.

Bibliography

Kuzmin E.I. Library Russia at the turn of the millennium. Public policy and library management. – M.: Liberia, 1999. Fonotov G.P. Libraries – society – Russia. Research of the sociocultural environment. - M.: Liberia, 2002. Andreeva I.A. On the threshold of radical change. - // Library. - 2004. - No. 1. - pp. 49-52.

... “The Librarian's Ethics: The Moral Law Is Within Us. Experience from different countries." The purpose of my work is to study the code of ethics of the Russian librarian and consider the main ethical problems of serving the modern user. 1. “Code of Professional Ethics of the Russian Librarian” The issue of preparing a new edition of the “Code of Professional Ethics of the Russian Librarian” is currently being discussed...

In other words, the information resources of society represent information of a different nature, materialized in the form of documents, databases and knowledge bases. The role of an information resource in the development of modern society is enormous. Information resources greatly simplify our lives, make it more mobile, and contribute to the high efficiency of our work; in general, they...

The importance of libraries in modern society. The role of the rural library

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