What is the difference between a bachelor and a specialist reviews. Bachelor in Russian and World Legislation

Sooner or later, every 11th grade graduate planning to enter a university in our country faces the difficult question of which form of higher education to choose: bachelor’s degree or specialty? Our blogger tells how higher education works in Russia and what is better to choose.

For those preparing for the main school exam

I am the mother of two twin sons. Egor was preparing to enter the journalism department, Vanya was preparing to enter applied computer science or information security. As you understand, a lot of money was spent on preparing for the Unified State Exam, so when it comes to the question of what is better - a bachelor's degree or a specialist's degree, we generally chose the third - the budget, that is, free education. This was our financial strategy.

I understand that now I have confused you even more, but when I explain everything in detail, it will become clear what I mean. At the family council, we decided that, first of all, we strive to obtain budget places, so we put the choice in favor of a bachelor’s degree or specialty in second place.

In Russian, it’s quite simple, the logic was this: it doesn’t matter whether you have a bachelor’s degree or a specialty degree, as long as you get into budget places. Paying for the education of two students at once is costly for any family, with any income.

As a result, it turned out that all journalists in Moscow are already trained according to the Bologna system of bachelor's + master's degrees. Egor entered a bachelor's degree at RANEPA. With Vanya’s faculty, “information security” was more complicated: in some places there were specialty programs (5 or 5.5 years), in others there was a two-level system - bachelor’s degree (4 years) plus master’s degree (2 years). But for us, when choosing a university, this fact was not the main one.

Your priorities may be set differently, so I will objectively try to present all the intricacies of this situation. Knowing all the differences, it is easier to make a decision, and it should be balanced, since these two forms of higher education, accepted today in Russian universities, are mutually exclusive in some situations. For example, if you want to transfer from one form of study to another, you may have problems. You don't have to look far for examples. Our relative recently wanted to transfer from a specialty to a bachelor’s degree, and was decisively refused by her home university. Not provided for by the Charter.

Bologna higher education system

So, since 2003, Russian universities began to participate in large-scale reforms of higher education, namely, they began to smoothly move from one education system to another, more modern and, most importantly, accepted in the European world. This system is called Bolognese, after the name of the famous city of Bologna in northern Italy. Bachelors have been issued before, but it was in 2003 that this became, so to speak, widespread.

History of occurrence, all the advantages and disadvantages of this system. I will not retell all this, I will only say briefly that in 1999, on the eve of the beginning of the new millennium, participants in the Bologna process, namely 29 European countries, signed a declaration that higher education in the European Union should be unified and two-level: bachelor's and master's degrees. Almost immediately, the list of countries wishing to join the Bologna process began to grow. In 2003, Russia also joined this process. In 2009, such a “bachelor’s + master’s” system began to operate officially in Russia. The duration of training in all countries is different, but in our country it is usually 4 + 2 years, respectively. By the way, it was in 2009 that the Unified State Exam became mandatory for everyone. Before this there was an experimental period.

Today, most Russian universities have switched to a new education system, but the classic Russian one-level system, called “specialty,” remains. Thus, old and new higher education exist in parallel in our country, without canceling one another. As always, everything takes root with us, adjusted for Russian originality, so we went our own way. Therefore, today's graduates, as well as their parents (pa-pa-ra-ra-ram), have another additional dilemma: what to choose - a bachelor's degree or a specialty?

Specialty

Let's start from the end - it will be easier. A specialty is a familiar system of five or six years of continuous education at a university, which was adopted in our country in the USSR until the beginning of the 2000s as the main and only possible one. The person studied and eventually received a specialist diploma. In it, if you remember, it was written: “specialty such and such.” The concept of “certified specialist” is just about this.

Bachelor's and Master's degrees

Who are Bachelor and Master? For some reason, Harry Potter and Master Yoda immediately come to mind.

Everything here is quite simple: higher education is structured in two stages. First you enroll in a bachelor's degree. The conditions for admission are absolutely identical to those for the specialty: bring your Unified State Examination scores along with all the documents, and if necessary, take additional creative exams. After four years, you receive a higher education diploma that says “bachelor.”

If you want to continue your studies, you must pass the entrance exams to the master's program. By the way, at the second stage you can choose any university, not necessarily the same one where you studied for your bachelor’s degree! Upon completion of your master's degree, you will have a master's degree.

A common misconception is that a bachelor’s degree is some kind of unfinished higher education, that they won’t get hired, and so on.

A bachelor's degree indicates that you have a higher education, period! (clause 2, part 5, article 10 of the Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ). The difference between two students who left point A at the same time, but are taking different paths, will, of course, be knowledge. A bachelor studies for four years, and a specialist for at least five years (sometimes 5.5 or even 6). Of course, their program will be different.

It is generally accepted that a bachelor’s degree provides broader knowledge with a vague specialization, and a master’s degree provides a more narrowly focused education. There is also a stereotype that a specialty is a higher-quality education, since all five or six years of study at a university prepare narrow practitioners. All this is controversial, in my opinion. Too little time has passed to have a substantive conversation on this topic. The process of developing undergraduate curricula at each university is still in its infancy. The era of change in higher education in Russia has just begun.

9 distinctive features of the Russian bachelor's degree

After receiving your bachelor's degree, you can immediately go to work. You have a higher education in your pocket. And period. The period of study is four years.
Some specialties do not provide for two-stage training in Russia. This list includes medical specialties, customs affairs, military specialties and others. It’s impossible to become a good doctor in four years, that’s a no brainer.
After a bachelor's degree, you will be able to apply for a budget-funded place in a master's program, but after a specialty, you will not. True, it is not entirely clear why after a specialty you need to go to a master’s program. In any case, if the need arises, it will be considered a second higher education, which means it will be 100% paid (this is the law). The only exceptions are “certified specialists” (those who entered training before 2008 inclusive). There will be no deferment from the army either.
For the entire period of studying “bachelor’s + master’s” in the full-time department, you receive a deferment from the army. The specialty also guarantees deferment for the entire period of full-time study. There is not much difference here.
What about graduate school? After a specialty you can safely go, after a bachelor’s degree - no, bypassing a master’s program is impossible. From the magistracy - please.
In most cases, a specialist’s diploma cannot be confirmed abroad, but bachelor’s and master’s diplomas can.
You can complete a bachelor's degree in one profession, and a master's degree in another. For example, during four years of study it became clear that you are interested not only in technical subjects, but also in the humanities. A master's degree in the humanities is quite possible. Variability is an advantage, of course. In fact, you receive two diplomas of higher education: “bachelor” + “master”. Once again: “bachelor’s degree + master’s degree” are two diplomas of higher education, only they are of different levels.
Studying for a master's degree is possible at foreign universities. Here, of course, you will need knowledge of a foreign language, but today this is not a problem.
If you entered a specialty program on a budget place, then you will not pay anything for all years of study. If after your bachelor's degree you decide to go to a master's program, then know that the chances of entering on a budget are minimal (the competition is too high). It is possible that you will have to pay tuition fees during these two years. The percentage of budget places is almost everywhere less than for a bachelor’s degree. Each university has individual statistics.

Disadvantages of the two-stage system in Russia

1. Again an experiment on our students and teachers. It will take a long time for everything to settle down.

2. Of course, one can guess that there is a “pandemonium” with bachelor’s and master’s degree curricula, because universities were given the freedom to form them independently, based on state standards. Our practice of obtaining higher education under the Bologna system actually began in 2009, that is, not even ten years have passed since the start of the experiment. Of course, all this requires manual adjustment for a long time, so the ideal is still only looming on the horizon.

In order to turn an applicant into a full-fledged bachelor in four years, that is, a professional ready to go to work, you need to very competently and clearly build a training system. Agree that four years is not a very long time.

In the case of a specialty, as you understand, there are no problems with the curriculum, since they were inherited, as they say, from past times. Everything here is more stable and based on classical teaching. How relevant classical education is in modern realities is not for me to judge, of course. Only time will tell. I am glad that, existing in parallel, both systems involuntarily compete with each other. This way all the pros and cons become more obvious.

3. Not all universities, when transitioning to the Bologna system, understood what exactly needed to be changed. For example, in few places in Russia the Bologna 100-point knowledge assessment system is used in full force. Nominally it exists, but it acts somewhat strangely, in my opinion.

The modern higher education system, with its levels and options, can be confusing for applicants and their parents. They often ask representatives of the university administration a question: is a bachelor’s degree a complete higher education or not? Let's understand the modern education system, its nuances and features.

Features of modern higher education

Modern society is characterized by high mobility and a steadily increasing information flow. To successfully fit into the new world, young people must have certain qualities. First of all this:

ability to quickly switch between tasks;
ability to receive and filter information;
the ability to use knowledge mobilely and, if necessary, acquire new ones.

Unfortunately, the higher education system has lagged behind progress for quite a long time. Once having received a specialist diploma, the graduate became a professional in a rather narrow field. However, this does not imply a change in profession.

To overcome the problem of low mobility, a system of graduated higher education was developed. And a problem immediately arose: is it considered that a bachelor’s degree is a complete higher education or not? After all, the training time was reduced by a year, but at the same time a master’s degree was added as the next step.

Differences between bachelor's and master's qualifications from the specialty and from each other

With the advent of new names of specialties, many questions arise, first of all, about how they differ. What was wrong with the specialty? And the most important question: is a bachelor’s degree a complete higher education or not? New things are often scary, but progress cannot be stopped.

The main difference between a bachelor's and a master's qualification is the level. Both are full-fledged qualifications. Despite questions from some employers about whether a bachelor’s degree is higher education or incomplete higher education, the first option will be correct. However, there are significant differences:

Bachelor's degree is the first stage of education. The diploma most often has an applied nature and is aimed at practical activities;
Master's degree is the second stage of education. It may continue in the undergraduate direction, or it may differ significantly;
Master's program involves in-depth study of the theoretical program and subsequent scientific or leadership activities;
The standard training time for a bachelor's degree is four years, and for a master's degree is two years.

Specialization stands a little aside in modern higher education. The list of professions that do not involve graded education is very small. First of all, these are all medical specialties, as well as some engineering ones. these professions have not changed.

Incomplete higher education with bachelor's degree

According to there are two levels of education - master and bachelor. Complete or incomplete higher education? This depends on the timing and availability of supporting documents.

A student who has completed more than half of his studies, but has not received a diploma of completed higher education, is considered to have an incomplete higher education. For a bachelor's degree, this period is two years, subject to passing at least four consecutive sessions with positive grades.

To confirm incomplete higher education, a student can request an academic certificate from the dean’s office. strict accounting. It indicates the number and results of the disciplines studied. This certificate can be presented to the employer to obtain a job that requires certain qualifications.

An academic certificate of incomplete higher education of a bachelor is required for transfer to another educational institution or to another faculty. This will save the student from re-studying the completed disciplines and allows the Bologna system to be implemented in practice.

Modern complete higher education - bachelor's and master's degrees?

In the modern world, it is difficult to get a good job without education. This truth, although hackneyed, pushes young people to universities. Often, admission to a particular specialty is dictated by the desire to simply get a diploma, appease parents, and do something.

Some are lucky and find their life's work, while others realize that they are in the wrong place. Such situations often lead to the fact that the student stops studying, loses interest in learning new things, and begins to look for other options for activity.

In the graduated education system, this problem is solved very simply. The disciplines studied require the formation of certain competencies, which is very easy to transfer to any related specialty. In addition, in the first two courses there is extensive theoretical training at the beginning of training. It allows you to change direction in senior years. The modern education system assumes mobility and interchangeability within the level.

Master's degree as a stage of higher education

If you have received it, but there is an urgent need to have another education, knowledge and a different specialty, a master’s degree will come to the rescue as the second stage of education. If the question (a bachelor is a complete higher education or not) puzzles some, then everything is clear regarding the second stage.

Master's degree is the second stage of higher education. The corresponding degree can be obtained only on the basis of an initial (bachelor's) or specialist degree. However, not all students who have studied for four years at the first stage can study further. A master's degree requires strong basic knowledge, good preparation in all subjects and a desire to engage in scientific activities.

Advantages of a master's degree:

the opportunity to change the direction of education according to your priorities;
the opportunity to continue education after a few years;
in-depth study of disciplines allows you to subsequently occupy leadership positions and conduct scientific activities.

Employer benefits from step-by-step education

Employers still doubt the benefits of a bachelor's degree. This is despite the fact that it currently makes up the vast majority of graduates of universities, academies and institutes.

You should not be afraid to hire a graduate with a “Bachelor” in his diploma. This is a full-fledged completed higher education. An employee with such a diploma has undergone comprehensive theoretical and practical training and is ready for work.

Students at Russian universities most often study in bachelor's or specialty programs. What are the features of both forms of education?

What is a bachelor's degree?

Bachelor's degree in Russia - a 4-year form of university education. A person who has received a bachelor's degree can subsequently continue his studies in a master's program, the duration of which, as a rule, is 2 years. In addition, he has the right to try to defend even a Ph.D. dissertation - although in practice this is very difficult to do without completing graduate studies. Which, in turn, can generally be entered only after a master’s degree.

In accordance with Russian legislation, a graduate of a bachelor's degree, when employed, has the right to apply for positions that require candidates to have a higher education.

Bachelor's degree abroad has its own characteristics. For example, in some universities the period of study for a bachelor's degree may be more than 4 years, sometimes less. This depends mainly on the content of the school course, as well as on the specifics of the specific curriculum.

However, in Western countries, a 4-year bachelor's degree period is considered typical. An exception may be medical specialties. Students in Europe and the USA study there for 5-6 years. One way or another, a bachelor's degree abroad is, as in Russia, a full-fledged form of higher education, regardless of the number of years of study at the university. As in the Russian Federation, a holder of a bachelor's degree abroad can continue his studies in a master's program.

The fact that the Russian and Western versions of the bachelor's degree as a form of higher education are generally similar, in Europe and the USA simplifies the recognition of a diploma issued by a Russian university as a document that confirms the qualifications obtained by a person. And vice versa - a graduate of a Western university who has completed a bachelor's degree can apply for recognition of his diploma in Russia. In addition, the process of transition of a student from a Russian university studying in a bachelor’s program to a Western one, and vice versa, is greatly facilitated.

What is a specialty?

Specialty- this, in turn, is a 5-year university education program. This form of higher education became most widespread in Russia, previously in the USSR. It is not very popular in foreign countries. Upon completion of the appropriate course of study, the graduate is issued a specialist diploma. This document provides an opportunity for further study in both master's and postgraduate studies. The holder of a specialist diploma, like a bachelor, has the right to be employed in positions that require the candidate to have a higher education.

Until about 2010, the specialty degree was considered the main form of education in universities, but after that it began to be actively replaced by bachelor’s degrees. However, it has not lost its relevance: many educational institutions continue to train specialists, and students continue to give preference to the appropriate form of education. The question of what is better for a person who has graduated from school to choose a bachelor’s degree or a specialty degree causes very active discussions in society.

Comparison

The main difference between a bachelor's degree and a specialist's degree is the duration of study. In the first case it is about 4 years, in the second - 5 years. The second significant difference between a bachelor's degree and a specialist's degree is the opportunity to go to graduate school after receiving a diploma. In order to be able to enroll, a bachelor must first complete a master's degree; a specialist does not have to.

Having determined what the difference is between a bachelor’s degree and a specialist’s degree, let’s record its key criteria in the table.

with such a training system, you get a diploma with which you can get a job abroad;
is given the opportunity to continue receiving education abroad and obtain a master’s degree there;
with such a system, the student receives a certain time, which he can spend on accurately deciding on the question of who he wants to become, and, if necessary, change educational institution.

A bachelor's degree is considered the first level of higher education out of two possible ones. The second stage is the master's degree. It is worth noting that, unlike the first, the second level is considered optional, and after receiving a bachelor’s degree, the student can begin his working career.
The traditional system of education, which has long been known to everyone, belongs to the specialty. Namely, what is well known to all applicants of past years.

Master's and bachelor's degrees compared to specialists

Firstly, there is still low demand for bachelor's degree graduates in the labor market. Employers are in no hurry to hire bachelors, believing that they are significantly inferior to specialists. This point of view is not without meaning: although the state never tires of repeating that a bachelor’s degree is a full-fledged higher education, in fact it is almost never possible to fit a 5-year program into 4 years and the training of bachelors lags behind specialists.

Another advantage is the simplification of recognition of bachelor's and master's degrees abroad. A very common scheme is when a person completes a bachelor’s degree in Russia and enrolls in a master’s program at a foreign university (in this case, however, you have to pay for the second stage of education).

The difference between a bachelor's degree and a specialty degree

What is the difference between a specialty and a bachelor's degree?

Higher quotation in the eyes of employers in the job market;
Receiving full specialized training in the chosen direction, that is, a “ready specialist”;
You can enroll in graduate school immediately after completing five years of study and assignment of the status of “specialist”.

Employers still do not trust innovation and prefer to hire specialists, citing the fact that they have deeper knowledge in the profession;
Difficulty of continuing free(budgetary) master's degree studies - there are few places, more people want it;
The high cost of studying on a paid basis master's degree;
Without completing a master's degree, you cannot enroll in graduate school, that is, one more year is added to your studies. 4+2 versus 5 years of study.

Bachelor's and Master's degrees or specialty

The main advantage of the specialty remains its high prestige in the eyes of employers (specialists study for 5-6 years). Also, a specialty is more convenient for those who plan to engage in scientific work and study in graduate school - a specialist can immediately enroll in this form of study, while a bachelor must first complete a master's degree.

A master's degree is the next stage of higher education, which allows you to deepen your specialization in a specific professional area within two years. The master's program trains people focused on research activities, as well as activities requiring analytical and design skills. The right to participate in the competition for master's degree programs is granted to persons who have successfully completed their bachelor's degree programs. Master's studies are possible both on a budget and on a paid basis. At VyatGU, the number of budget places for master’s programs increases annually: in 2013 – 81 budget places, in 2014 – 129 budget places.

What is the difference between bachelor's, specialist, master's and postgraduate degrees?

Specialty. This is the only form outside the Bologna system that has existed for a long time, but since 2011 the number of specialty programs has been significantly limited due to the transition to the Bologna system. It is the first stage of higher education; you can enroll with a general secondary education or a specialized secondary education. The duration of study is 5 years, at the end of which a thesis is defended.

Bachelor's degree. The first stage of higher education within the framework of the Bologna process. Admission conditions are the same as for the specialty. Duration of training is 4-5 years. Based on the results, a qualifying thesis (bachelor's thesis) is defended. It differs from a specialty in the possible shorter period of study, the learning paradigm: competency-based approach (many hours of independent learning, etc.). Does not provide an opportunity to immediately enroll in graduate school. For some reason, many consider him to be an incomplete higher education, but this is not so.

Bachelor's or specialty: which is better?

Let us note that if master's and postgraduate programs do not raise questions, since without further ado it is clear that this is a certain academic degree, then not everyone knows how a bachelor's degree differs from a specialist's degree. That is why today we will talk about the principles by which students choose between a bachelor’s degree or a specialty and what advantages each of these training programs has.

Bachelor's degree is considered international education system. Therefore, after graduation, the student can safely go abroad to work there. Europe has the same two-tier system.
The student has a wide choice of places to work. Due to the practice-oriented nature of the training without being tied to any one narrow specialization, a bachelor can apply for many vacancies that require higher education.
the training lasts only 4 years (that is, you “save” at least one year).
Already during the learning process, a student can decide on a further choice of profession and enroll in a master’s program in a narrower specialty (at the same time, he can continue his studies at the expense of the budget).
During their studies, future bachelors are given a deferment from the army.

Section Higher education in St. Petersburg

According to the amendments made to the Federal Law “On Higher and Postgraduate Professional Education” (Chapter II, Article 11), since 2011, “receiving higher professional education in shortened specialist training programs and master’s programs is not allowed.”

A specialty is a traditional form of Russian higher education. Specialist training includes both basic education and in-depth special training within the chosen field. The standard duration of a specialist training program for full-time study is at least 5 years, and for part-time study - 6 years.

Master's degree: what is it and why do you need it?

Master's educational programs provide for a deeper mastery of theory and practical preparation of the student for research or professional activities. Master's programs are supervised by highly qualified teachers - doctors of science. From the first semester, each master's student is assigned a supervisor from among doctors or candidates of science. The master's student chooses the direction of scientific research and defends his master's thesis. Also, during the training process, masters acquire pedagogical competencies - unlike bachelors, masters can teach at universities.

Admission to master's programs is carried out on the basis of applications from persons with higher professional education (bachelor's diploma, specialist's diploma with higher professional education, specialist's diploma or master's diploma), based on the results of a comprehensive exam in the field of study (oral).

For what purpose did they replace the specialty in universities?

Today there are two basic levels of the higher education system: bachelor's/specialist and master's degrees. Each has features, advantages and disadvantages. A specialist diploma is considered prestigious and highly valued by employers, and is also needed by those who plan to further engage in scientific work and enter graduate school.

Today we’ll talk about the principles by which students choose between a bachelor’s degree or a specialty and what advantages each of these training programs has. The modern Russian system of higher professional education provides for the possibility of obtaining several qualification degrees. If previously in our country only certified specialists graduated from universities, today young people have the right to choose between bachelor’s, specialist’s, master’s and postgraduate degrees.

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Every applicant, before choosing an educational institution, must decide who he wants to be - a bachelor or a specialist. Each of these forms of training has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

The division into bachelor's and specialist's degrees began from the moment the Russian Federation joined the development of the Bologna process in the country in 2003. But in Russia there are still universities with the same form of education, which gives the opportunity to only complete a specialty degree.

What is the difference between a bachelor's degree and a specialist's degree?

In universities supporting the Bologna education system, there are two levels of the education system. The first level is a bachelor's degree, which lasts 4 years of study. The next level is a master's degree, but it is not required. A bachelor's degree confirms receipt of complete higher education.

A specialty is another form of education, classical, which operated throughout Russia until 2003. Training to become a specialist takes place over a period of five years, after which the student receives a full higher education.

Bachelor's degree

A bachelor's degree provides basic knowledge. Contrary to the opinion of the majority, a bachelor's degree is a complete higher education, and enrolling in a master's program is completely optional in order to go to work. The duration of study is 4 years, not 5, as in the usual specialty.

Undergraduate studies are no different. The student also takes a test and examination session every semester. But in this form of training the program is more intense, more material is spent on independent study.

This is due to the fact that the training period has become shorter, but is compensated by the workload. Of course, at the end of the fourth year, you must submit a final qualifying thesis with a defense.

The defense is accepted by the state certification commission, which awards the graduate a bachelor's degree. If this does not seem enough, then you can enroll in a master's program to obtain a PhD degree.

Pros:

Upon completion of the bachelor's degree, the student receives a European diploma, with the help of which he can enroll in a master's program in any European country.
Save time for higher education.
Possibility to change university or specialty.

Minuses:

Specialty

The specialty is considered a more traditional form of education in the Russian Federation. Both general and core knowledge are provided here. The duration of full-time education is 5 years, and part-time education is 6 years. Upon completion of training, the category “specialist” is assigned.

After this, the specialist receives a full higher education and can get a job. But he also has the right to enroll in graduate school or master's degree. But it’s worth considering that in the Russian Federation, a specialist is practically on the same level as a master’s degree when applying for a job.

A specialty is usually considered a more complete education than a bachelor's degree. But it is worth recognizing that in reality the difference between them is only in the number of years of study. The specialty also has its pros and cons.

Pros:

Minuses:

Longer duration of study compared to a bachelor's degree.
It is almost impossible to recognize a specialist’s diploma abroad. The fact is that there are categories “bachelor”, “master”, “postgraduate student”. Therefore, after receiving the specialist category, it is impossible to enroll in a master’s program on a budget, since you have not completed a bachelor’s degree. Upon admission to a paid form of study, education will be considered the second higher education.
If they enroll in a master's program, guys will lose their deferment from the army.

What will be the diploma after bachelor's/specialist's degree?

When studying at the bachelor's level, a student in the second semester of the fourth year will have to defend his bachelor's degree before a commission and receive a diploma of complete higher education. After receiving a bachelor's degree, it is not necessary to enroll in a master's program at your home university.

You can enter any university in the country and even Europe. In addition, you can enroll in any specialty if you don’t like yours. But when entering a master's program, as with any admission, you must pass exams. No one is accepted into a master's program on the basis of a bachelor's degree.

Upon admission to a specialty, a full-time student in the second semester of the 5th year defends his thesis before a commission and receives a specialist diploma and a full higher education. If the course is correspondence, then the diploma is defended upon completion of the 6th year.

After this, you can safely get a job or enroll in a master’s program. A specialist cannot enter a master's program abroad with his diploma, since this is a privilege for bachelors. The doors to employment in Russia are open for specialists; employers give preference to them.

Who is easier to get a job?

This directly depends on where exactly the graduate is going to get a job. If in Russia, here employers will prefer specialists, and abroad they will gladly accept bachelors. But there are exceptions everywhere; it all depends on the approach of a particular employer.

Conclusions:

A bachelor's degree is more suitable for those who need to shorten their study period(the need or desire to earn money on their own as quickly as possible), as well as for those who see their future abroad.
The specialty is best suited for those who plan to continue their educational or working activities in Russia, work in government agencies or educational institutions.
After a bachelor's degree it is NOT necessary to enroll in a master's program, since this is a complete higher education.
The bachelor's degree is a European diploma
Specialization requires higher quality, but also longer preparation.
In Russia, an employer is more likely to hire a specialist than a bachelor.
Both after bachelor's and master's degrees, students have the opportunity to continue their studies, having entered the master's program.

As you can see, each form of training has its pros and cons. When choosing, you should rely on your future plans and desires. If you have doubts about the choice, it is better to find out about the experience of graduates; they are the best able to determine what the path of bachelor's or specialty was like.

Most often, the difference is only in the duration of training, and the workload is approximately the same everywhere, because obtaining a higher education is always a complex educational process with passing tests, exams and diplomas, regardless of where a person studies.