How Matryona lives from the story Matryona's Dvor. The life of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” A

To the number best works A. I. Solzhenitsyn undoubtedly relates to the story “ Matrenin Dvor"about a simple Russian woman with a difficult fate. Many trials befell her, but until the end of her days the heroine retained in her soul a love of life, boundless kindness, and a willingness to sacrifice herself for the well-being of others. The article offers the reader a description of the image of Matryona.

“Matrenin’s Dvor”: the real basis of the work

He wrote his own in 1959 and at first called it “A village is not worth it without a righteous man” (for censorship reasons the title was later changed). Prototype main character became Matrena Timofeevna Zakharova, a resident of the village of Miltsevo, located in Vladimir region. The writer lived with her during his teaching years after returning from the camps. Therefore, the feelings and thoughts of the narrator largely reflect the views of the author himself, from the first day, as he admitted, he felt something familiar and familiar in the house of a woman he did not know. close to heart. Why this became possible can be explained by Matryona's characteristics.

“Matrenin Dvor”: first acquaintance with the heroine

The narrator was brought to Grigorieva’s house when all options for apartments for settlement had already been considered. The fact is that Matryona Vasilievna lived alone in an old house. All her property consisted of a bed, a table, benches and her favorite ficus trees. Moreover, a lanky cat, which a woman picked up on the street out of pity, and a goat. She did not receive a pension, since on the collective farm she was given sticks instead of workdays. I could no longer work due to health reasons. Then, however, with great difficulty I received a pension for the loss of my husband. At the same time, she always silently came to the aid of everyone who turned to her, and did not take anything for her work. This is the first characteristic of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor”. To this we can add that the peasant woman also did not know how to cook, although the tenant was not picky and did not complain. And a couple of times a month she was attacked by severe illness, when the woman could not even stand up. But even at these moments she did not complain, and even tried not to moan, so as not to disturb the lodger. The author especially emphasizes Blue eyes And radiant smile- a symbol of openness and kindness.

The difficult fate of the heroine

Life history helps to better understand a person. Without her, the characterization of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Court” will be incomplete.

The peasant woman did not have her own children: all six died in infancy. She did not marry for love: she waited for the groom from the front for several years, and then agreed to become the wife of his younger brother - the time was difficult, and there were not enough hands in the family. Soon after the wedding of the newlyweds, Thaddeus returned, who never forgave Efim and Matryona. It was believed that he placed a curse on them, and later the heroine’s husband would die in World War II. And the woman will take Kira into her upbringing, youngest daughter Thaddeus, and will give her love and care. The narrator learned about all this from the hostess, and she suddenly appeared before him in a new appearance. Even then, the narrator realized how far his first characterization of Matryona was from reality.

Meanwhile, Matryona's court began to attract the attention of Thaddeus, who wanted to take the dowry assigned to Kira by her adoptive mother. This part of the upper room will be the cause of the heroine’s death.

Live for others

Matryona Vasilievna had long foreseen trouble. The author describes her suffering when it turned out that during her baptism someone had taken her pot of holy water. Then suddenly, before the room was dismantled, the hostess didn’t seem like herself at all. The collapse of the roof meant the end of her life. Such little things made up the heroine’s whole life, which she lived not for herself, but for the sake of others. And when Matryona Vasilyevna went with everyone else, she also wanted to help. Sincere, open, not embittered by the injustices of life. She accepted everything as destined by fate and never complained. Matryona's characterization leads to this conclusion.

“Matrenin’s Dvor” ends with a description of the heroine’s funeral scene. She plays important role in understanding how different this peasant woman was from the people who surrounded her. The narrator notes with pain that the sisters and Thaddeus immediately began to divide the mistress’s meager property. And even my friend, as if she was sincerely experiencing the loss, managed to grab a blouse for herself. Against the backdrop of everything that was happening, the narrator suddenly remembered the living Matryona, so unlike everyone else. And I realized: she is the righteous man without whom not a single village can stand. What a village there is - the whole land is ours. This is proven by the life and characteristics of Matryona.

“Matryona’s Dvor” contains the author’s regret that during his lifetime he (as well as others) could not fully understand the greatness of this woman. Therefore, one can perceive Solzhenitsyn’s work as a kind of repentance to the heroine for one’s own and others’ spiritual blindness.

One more point is indicative. On the heroine's mutilated body, her bright face and right hand. “He will pray for us in the next world,” said one of the women in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor.” The characterization of Matryona, therefore, makes us think about the fact that there are people nearby who are capable of maintaining human dignity, kindness, and humility in unbearable conditions. And partly thanks to them, such concepts as empathy, compassion, and mutual assistance still exist in our world, filled with cruelty.

Analyze this passage. Think about what traits of Matryona’s character and inner world are revealed in the work Matrenin Dvor?

The above fragment reveals the best features of the heroine’s nature: her patience, kindness, independence, mental fortitude, hard work.

Solzhenitsyn’s Matryona was accustomed to relying only on herself; she worked on a collective farm for a quarter of a century, however, being sick, she never registered for disability and did not obtain a pension “for her husband.” But, despite all the hardships and adversities, she did not lose her spiritual sensitivity and desire to live according to her conscience. A.I. Solzhenitsyn manages to create this image with the help of various artistic means. The heroine’s appearance may be inconspicuous, but an inner light emanates from her soul. The author manages to convey this with the help of the epithets “enlightened”, “with a kind smile”. One gets the impression that Matryona is a holy person who lives exclusively according to the laws of morality.

An important means of creating the image of Matryona is also speech characteristic. The author saturates the heroine’s remarks with dialect words (for example, “letos”) and vernacular (“tepericha”, “skolischa”). In general, these lexical means give Matryona’s speech figurativeness, poetry, and expressiveness. The words “duel”, “kartov”, “lyubota”, sounding from the lips of a simple Russian woman, acquire special meaning. Such word creation testifies to the heroine’s talent, her closeness to folklore traditions, to people's life.

Matryona is a real hard worker. Her whole life is filled with troubles and labors. The heroine does not sit idle for a minute, despite senile infirmity and illness. She finds solace in work: digging potatoes, picking berries. And thereby regains his good mood. The author's description of Matryona includes verbs with the meaning of movement (“walked,” “returned,” “digged”).

The writer in this story denotes the confrontation between the individual and the state: his heroine, trying to defend her rights, faces insurmountable bureaucratic barriers. According to the author, this state is indifferent to the fate common man. Talking about how the heroine achieves her pension, the author uses the technique of syntactic parallelism in the narrative: “go again,” “the third day go again,” “the fourth day go because...” So the writer once again emphasizes the heroine’s perseverance and perseverance in achieving her “ righteous" goal. The peculiarities of Matryona’s speech are also conveyed using incomplete sentences, inversions. These syntactic devices help the author show the emotionality and spontaneity of a village woman.

Matryona reminds us of the heroines N.A. Nekrasova. Let us remember Matryona Timofeevna from the poem “Who Lives Well in Russia.” Heroine A.I. Solzhenitsyn is similar to her in her pure peasant soul. This is an honest, fair, but poor, unhappy woman; a man of a selfless soul, absolutely unrequited, humble; righteous woman, without whom, according to A.I. Solzhenitsyn, “a village is not worth it.” So multifaceted amazing image The writer manages to create a Russian peasant woman using various artistic means.

Matryona Vasilievna is the main character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryona’s Dvor”. She was about sixty years old. She lived in the village of Talnovo, which was located not far from peat mining.
I believe that Matryona Vasilievna was the right person in the village, because she always came to everyone's aid. And the main thing is that her help was of some kind. After all, you can help without any result, just to appear. But Matryona Vasilievna is not like that. Her help is sincere, from pure heart, and therefore usefully.
The best sides The character of Matryona Vasilyevna is revealed by several episodes. First of all, this is the episode in which Thaddeus and his sons break Matryona Vasilievna’s room, which she decided to give to Kira. The author says: “Matryona never spared either her work or her good.”
There are also such small, but important for revealing the character of the heroine, episodes as the request of the chairman’s wife to help the collective farm, the request of a neighbor to dig up potatoes. And in all the episodes Matryona is asked to help with something, to do something. But she doesn’t refuse, she helps, even if she’s sick, and doesn’t take anything in return, she hasn’t taken a single penny for all her work.
Matryona Vasilievna was “at peace with her conscience.” Her soul was open to everyone, internally she was pure, like a child. The author said about such people that they “always have good faces,” that is, they are kind, sincere, accessible to others.
And this kindness brought Matryona Vasilievna to death. People couldn't understand her, her inner world, soul. They used her help, her desire to work to realize their personal goals, without even trying to give anything in return. No, not money, not food, but understanding, respect - that’s what Matryona Vasilievna was waiting for, but she didn’t get it.
She didn’t tell anyone about her difficult life, afraid, I think, of appearing weak in front of people. All her children died, her husband disappeared in the war. She had no love, no one loved her. And she devoted herself to work, caring for others. And I believe that the author is right when he calls Matryona a righteous man, because she “is... the very righteous man without whom... the village does not stand.”
The meaning of the title of the story, I think, is that without Matryona Vasilievna in the village of Talnovo normal life will not be. She was the center of everything that was happening, she added a piece of herself to everything village life, work. She can rightfully be considered a mistress, because even the authorities, who in fact should help everyone, turn to Matryona for help, “not a single plowing of the garden could be done without Matryona,” nothing could be done without Matryona.
And we can also say that Matryona’s yard is her home, after the destruction of which her life is destroyed, the yard of selflessness and righteousness.
Without such people, Rus' will perish.

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You have probably met more than once such people who are ready to work with all their might for the benefit of others, but at the same time remain outcasts in society. No, they are not degraded either morally or mentally, but no matter how good their actions are, they are not appreciated. A. Solzhenitsyn tells us about one such character in the story “Matrenin’s Dvor”.

It's about about the main character of the story. The reader gets acquainted with Matryona Vasilievna Grigoreva in already old age– she was about 60 years old when we first see her on the pages of the story.

Audio version of the article.

Her house and yard are gradually falling into disrepair - “the wood chips have rotted, the logs of the log house and the gates, once mighty, have turned gray with age, and their cover has thinned out.”

Their owner is often sick and cannot get up for several days, but once upon a time everything was different: everything was built taking into account big family, high quality and sound. The fact that now only a lonely woman lives here already sets the reader up to perceive tragedy life story heroines.

Matryona's youth

Solzhenitsyn does not tell the reader anything about the childhood of the main character - the main emphasis of the story is on the period of her youth, when the main factors of her future unhappy life were laid.

When Matryona was 19 years old, Thaddeus wooed her; at that time he was 23. The girl agreed, but the war prevented the wedding. There was no news about Thaddeus for a long time, Matryona was faithfully waiting for him, but she did not receive any news or the guy himself. Everyone decided that he had died. His younger brother– Efim invited Matryona to marry him. Matryona did not love Efim, so she did not agree, and, perhaps, the hope of Thaddeus’s return did not completely leave her, but she was still persuaded: “the smart one comes out after the Intercession, and the fool comes out after Petrov. They didn't have enough hands. I'll go." And as it turned out, it was in vain - her lover returned to Pokrova - he was captured by the Hungarians and therefore there was no news about him.

The news about the marriage of his brother and Matryona came as a blow to him - he wanted to chop up the young people, but the concept that Efim was his brother stopped his intentions. Over time, he forgave them for such an act.

Yefim and Matryona remained to live in parental home. Matryona still lives in this yard; all the buildings here were made by her father-in-law.

Thaddeus did not marry for a long time, and then he found himself another Matryona - they have six children. Efim also had six children, but none of them survived - all died before the age of three months. Because of this, everyone in the village began to believe that Matryona had the evil eye, they even took her to the nun, but positive result failed to achieve.

After the death of Matryona, Thaddeus talks about how his brother was ashamed of his wife. Efim preferred to “dress culturally, but she preferred to dress haphazardly, everything in a country style.” Once upon a time, the brothers had to work together in the city. Efim cheated on his wife there: he started a relationship, and didn’t want to return to Matryona

New grief came to Matryona - in 1941 Efim was taken to the front and he never returned from there. Whether Yefim died or found someone else is not known for sure.

So Matryona was left alone: ​​“misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband.”

Living alone

Matryona was kind and sociable. She maintained contact with her husband's relatives. Thaddeus’s wife also often came to her “to complain that her husband was beating her, and that her husband was stingy, pulling the veins out of her, and she cried here for a long time, and her voice was always in her tears.”

Matryona felt sorry for her, her husband hit her only once - the woman walked away as a protest - after this it never happened again.

The teacher, who lives in an apartment with a woman, believes that it is likely that Efim’s wife was luckier than Thaddeus’s wife. The elder brother's wife was always severely beaten.

Matryona didn’t want to live without children and her husband, she decides to ask “that second downtrodden Matryona - the womb of her snatches (or Thaddeus’ little blood?) - for their youngest girl, Kira. For ten years she raised her here as her own, instead of her own who failed.” At the time of the story, the girl lives with her husband in neighboring village.

Matryona worked diligently on the collective farm “not for money - for sticks”, in total she worked for 25 years, and then, despite the hassle, she managed to get a pension for herself.

Matryona worked hard - she needed to prepare peat for the winter and gather lingonberries (in lucky days, she “brought six bags” a day).

lingonberries. We also had to prepare hay for the goats. “In the morning she took a bag and a sickle and left (...) Having filled the bag with fresh heavy grass, she dragged it home and laid it out in a layer in her yard. A bag of grass made dried hay - a fork.” In addition, she also managed to help others. By her nature, she could not refuse help to anyone. It often happened that one of the relatives or just acquaintances asked her to help dig up potatoes - the woman “left her line of work and went to help.” After harvesting, she, along with other women, harnessed themselves to a plow instead of a horse and plowed the gardens. She didn’t take money for her work: “you’ll have to hide it for her.”

Once every month and a half she had troubles - she had to prepare dinner for the shepherds. On such days, Matryona went shopping: “I bought canned fish, and bought sugar and butter, which I did not eat myself.” Such was the order here - it was necessary to feed her as best as possible, otherwise she would have been made a laughing stock.

After receiving a pension and receiving money for renting out housing, Matryona’s life becomes much easier - the woman “ordered new felt boots for herself. I bought a new padded jacket. And she straightened her coat.” She even managed to save 200 rubles “for her funeral,” which, by the way, didn’t have to wait long. Matryona accepts Active participation in moving the room from one’s own plot to relatives. At a railway crossing, she rushes to help pull out a stuck sleigh - an oncoming train hits her and her nephew to death. They took off the bag to wash it. Everything was a mess - no legs, no half of the torso, no left arm. One woman crossed herself and said:

“The Lord left her her right hand.” There will be a prayer to God.

After the woman’s death, everyone quickly forgot her kindness and began, literally on the day of the funeral, to divide her property and condemn Matryona’s life: “and she was unclean; and she didn’t chase after the plant, stupid, she helped strangers for free (and the very reason to remember Matryona came - there was no one to call the garden to plow with a plow).”

Thus, Matryona’s life was full of troubles and tragedies: she lost both her husband and children. For everyone, she was strange and abnormal, because she did not try to live like everyone else, but retained a cheerful and kind disposition until the end of her days.

The life of Matryona in the story “Matryona’s Dvor” by A. Solzhenitsyn in quotes

THE IMAGE OF A RIGHTEOUS MAN IN A. I. SOLZHENITSYN’S STORY “MATRYONIN’S COURTYARD”

1.Introduction.

The history of the creation of A. I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor”.

2. Main part. Matryona is an example of a righteous person in the story.

2.1 Matryona’s life story.

2.2 Matryona and fellow villagers.

2.3 Death of Matryona.

3. Conclusion.

The righteous is a special person.

The story by Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn “Matryonin’s Dvor” was written in 1959 and a few years later published in the magazine “ New world" Initially, the story was supposed to be called “A village is not worth it without a righteous man.” The work itself was written within the framework of the so-called “village” prose. The life of the village and its inhabitants forms the content of such works. They are distinguished by simple language, attention to everyday details, details in the description of village way of life. However, A.I. Solzhenitsyn does not limit himself to this. His story carries more deep meaning: in it the image of a man is created who lives not for himself, but for others, the image of a righteous man.

The narration is told from the point of view of the narrator, who settles in the village of Talnovo. He rents a room from a lonely woman elderly woman Matryona. The reader learns the details of the heroine's life. Matryona's house is described in detail (large ficus trees in tubs throughout the spacious hut) and its inhabitants: a lanky cat, mice, cockroaches. There is also a goat on the farm. Women's destiny Matryona Vasilievna It didn’t work out: she married someone she didn’t love, without waiting for her groom to return from the war. Her life revolved around the farm and garden.

The heroine worked all her life on a state farm for “workday sticks”; she is not entitled to a pension. Matryona Vasilievna is lonely. She lost her husband and buried her children: of the six, not one lived to see three months. All she had left was her pupil Kira, who got married and left. Despite the loneliness and hardships she endured, Matryona did not lose her love of life and good spirits. She is always ready to help her fellow villagers selflessly and sincerely.

Matryona responds with all her soul to someone else’s grief. Love of work is the main quality of the heroine. “She had a sure way to regain her good spirits - work. Immediately she either grabbed a shovel and dug up the potatoes. Or she would go for peat with a bag under her arm. Otherwise, with a wicker body, it’s berry-deep in the distant forest. And bowing not to the office desks, but to the forest bushes, and having broken her back with burdens, Matryona returned to the hut, already enlightened, satisfied with everything, with her kind smile.”

Matryona Vasilyevna’s kindness is not ostentatious, but sincere. Therefore, she gives her pupil Kira and her husband her upper room, although for this she had to break the roof of her house. “I didn’t feel sorry for the upper room itself, which stood idle, no matter how hard it was. Matryona never spared any of her goods. And the upper room was still bequeathed to Kira. But it was scary for her to start breaking the roof under which she had lived for forty years... And for Matryona this was the end of her life.”

The reliable heroine helps remove manure on the collective farm, helps neighbors with plowing and harvesting, without accepting any payment for her work. Often Matryona has neither the strength nor the time for her own household. Responsiveness and mercy determine the character and fate of the heroine. It was Matryona’s desire to help others that became the cause of her death. But even after death, no one remembered the heroine’s good character and hard work.

Relatives began to divide Matryona’s simple inheritance. And only the narrator regretted her death and felt heartache: “No Matryona. Killed dear person" The heroine remained misunderstood even by her close people: “I didn’t chase after the factory... I didn’t even keep a pig... and, stupid, I helped strangers for free.”