Museum of the Institute of Russian Literature Pushkin House. Literary Museum Pushkin House

“You see, just this hour he took a hundred for her:
God sent a booby." -
“All this, uncle, is so,” the nephew answered, “
Yes, I’m a fool, I don’t know who got into it:
Look closely: you took a fake piece of paper.”
So Krylov in one of his fables portrayed a merchant fooled by a clever rascal.
Word " oaf” and means: simpleton, simpleton, fool.
What is its origin? Here scientists think differently.
1. Perhaps it came from the word “lokh” - “blank” or “lukh” - “fool”, preserved here and there in dialects.
2. From own name Oluferium.
3. From “bglukh” - “deaf”, “deaf”.
4. It may happen from Arabic word“ool” meaning: “fool”, “rude”.
There is another most compelling explanation: the word “ooluk” is nothing more than “volukh” - a shepherd of oxen. After all, the Russian language has formed similar derivatives from “horse” - “groom” and from “pig” - the abusive “svintus” (formerly “svin-tukh”, that is, a swineherd).
If so, then the idiot is literally- this is a shepherd. In figurative terms - an ignorant, narrow-minded, stupid person.
But what relation does a booby have to the king of heaven, to God?
People say: "by God offended person“, and we understand: this is the same as “fool,” only in a veiled, softened form. They used to say the other way around: “a fool in Christ,” because people who were “poor” and “poor in spirit” were considered acceptable Christian god, his favorites. In the stories about Christian saints, many of them earned this title precisely because of their “simplicity” and incomplete intelligence. Naturally, a “booty” could be considered as a person under special heavenly protection.
Some thought this seriously, others not without ridicule. So, obviously ironically, the Cossacks, in their famous letter to the Turkish Sultan, called him “our god is a fool,” although this is neither the same as the expression “ the king's booby heavenly" It is unlikely that such a title could seem honorable to the padishah.

Boob of the King of Heaven — colloquial expression, meaning “simp”, “simpleton”, “blank”. The origin of the word "boob" is not exactly known. There are several explanations for the etymology of this word. According to linguist I. Sobolevsky, the word “boob” comes from “volukh,” that is, “shepherd of oxen,” that is, an extremely simple person. In ancient times, the name Berk was in use in Rus', but it gradually disappeared, as the word “boob” became a common noun. The complete combination of “the boobies of the King of Heaven” is believed to be most likely a product folk art, indicating the closeness of naive people to God. This expression is used not only in colloquial speech, but also in fiction.

P.S. On my own behalf, I will add that this expression is a free reworking of the first phrase of the Sermon on the Mount of Jesus Christ:

“When He saw the people, He went up into the mountain; and when He sat down, His disciples came to Him.

And He opened His mouth and taught them, saying:

Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven."

The beautiful old building, now occupied by the Institute of Russian Literature, was built according to the design of I.F. Lukini on the Makarov embankment for the St. Petersburg port customs in 1832. Initially, as part of the preparation for ceremonial events, dedicated to the anniversary since the birth of A.S. Pushkin, it was planned to erect only a monument. However, over time, on the initiative of Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, the idea arose of creating a museum - the Pushkin House - which was opened in 1905.

Since 1995, the Pushkin House has been included in the list of especially significant objects cultural heritage. Employees and directors of the Pushkin House (and among them were N.A. Kotlyarevsky, M. Gorky, A.V. Lunacharsky, P.I. Lebedev-Polyansky, etc.) according to the concept of the Museum as a collection of materials (both documentary and artistic), having a close connection with Russian literature and its history, worked fruitfully on collecting, storing and studying materials on Russian literature. As a result, today the Pushkin House houses a rich archive, one of the largest in the world.

More than 120 thousand titles of documentary, visual, historical materials that are directly related to Russian literature of the period of the 18th-20th centuries: rare copies handwritten books and early printed literature, portraits of writers, rare photographs, author's illustrations for works, art objects that era, personal belongings, death masks, relics and household items. Since its foundation, the funds of the Literary Museum have been formed through gratuitous donations by private individuals and purchases famous collections. Many exhibits were transferred from the personal collection of A.F. Onegin-Otto, founder Pushkin Museum(Paris).

Personal correspondence, a literary archive, and a collection of autographs were bequeathed to the museum by Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich; The museum stores relics of the Vyazemsky, Vrevsky, Arapov, Pletnev, Longinov, and Raevsky families. Invaluable materials were donated by the Department of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences and the Tolstoy Museum Society. The Alexander Lyceum (where A.S. Pushkin studied) transferred the collection of the Pushkin Museum, and the Nikolaev Cavalry School (the place of study of M.Yu. Lermontov) - to the Lermontov Museum. The museum funds have been substantially replenished due to the memorial heritage of prominent representatives Russian society- Ya.P. Polonsky, S.S. Abamelek-Lazareva, A.F. Koni, N.N. Wrangel.

Over time, the activities of the Pushkin House became more and more multifaceted - other literary museums emerged from its depths: the N.A. Nekrasov, All-Union Museum of A.S. Pushkin (with its branches), A.A. Museum Blok, Museum of F.M. Dostoevsky and G. Uspensky. In addition, the museum has organized personal literary exhibitions dedicated to N.A. Nekrasov, F.M. Dostoevsky, I.S. Turgenev. It should be noted that the Tolstoy collection is a whole independent museum. In fact, the exhibitions of the Pushkin House offset the absence in St. Petersburg memorial museums famous writers- Gogol, Lermontov, Tolstoy.

Exhibitions dedicated to significant dates are held in the premises of the Pushkin House Russian literature, and the following main thematic halls are open: "Russian literature of the period of the first half of the 19th century century"; "Life and work of the poet M.Yu. Lermontov"; "Russian literature of the period of the 2nd half of the 19th century"; "Life and work of the writer L.N. Tolstoy"; "History of Russian Literature: Silver Age".

Makarova emb., 4

The Customs building is located on the Makarov embankment next to the spit of Vasilievsky Island, where, according to plans from the early 18th century, a main square St. Petersburg. Then they began to distribute plots here to rich and noble people. The Lopukhin family, the vice-governor of St. Petersburg S.F. Klokachev, and the Moscow governor K.A. Naryshkin built their mansions on this territory. The place of the latter was later occupied by the city hall.

Customs services were located on the spit of Vasilyevsky Island in the 1730s, after the order of Empress Anna Ioannovna to move them here from City Island. This transfer was due to the relocation of the commercial port to the banks of the Malaya Neva. Customs was located in former house K. A. Naryshkina.

At the beginning of the 19th century, the old building no longer met the needs of the Customs, and a decision was made to build a new one. In May 1824, a Commission was created for the construction of new customs buildings in St. Petersburg and Kronstadt, which took up this issue. The design of the new Customs building was drawn up by the architect I.F. Lukini, who simultaneously with the Customs House erected the neighboring Northern and Southern warehouses. Construction supervision was carried out by the Minister of Finance A.F. Kankrin. During the presentation of the project to the Emperor, Nicholas I made his own changes to it. He ordered to raise the tower and dome to monitor arriving ships and organize an optical telegraph here.

The foundation of the Customs House was laid on August 30, 1829, construction was completed on September 8, 1832 by raising the flag on the flagpole. At the corners of the pediment three copper statues: Mercury, Neptune and Ceres (ancient Roman gods - patrons of trade, navigation and fertility). They were manufactured at the Aleksandrovsky plant. A clock was installed in the pediment. The tower of the Customs building completed the symmetrical composition of the Spit of Vasilievsky Island; it was located on the opposite side of the tower of the Kunstkamera building.

In 1885, the port from the Makarov embankment moved to Gutuevsky Island. Customs services also moved there, and residential apartments took their place. In 1903, the former Customs building was reconstructed according to the design of the architect N.A. Gakkel. The work was carried out for the needs of the Excise Department, the Provincial Treasury and other institutions of the Ministry of Finance. Apparently, it was then that the clock was removed from the facade. From 1906 to 1917, a small part of the building was again used by the customs department.

After 1917, the first two floors of the Customs building were occupied by various institutions, and the third floor was made residential. For some time, Centerspirt was located here.

Since 1927, the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences ("Pushkin House") and Literary Museum. In 1999, for the 200th anniversary of A. S. Pushkin, a bust was erected in front of the main entrance famous poet. The monument was created 100 years before this event by sculptor I. N. Schroeder. In the courtyard of JSC "Akademstroy" a storage building was built.

At the address Naberezhnaya Makarova, 4 (Vasilievsky Island), metro station Vasilyevostrovskaya.

Opening hours: Monday-Friday, from 11.00 to 16.00

Phones: 328-05-02 and 328-19-01, ext. 161

The Literary Museum of the Pushkin House is the first and largest national general literary museum. The museum stores more than 200 thousand units of visual, documentary and historical materials related to Russian literature of the 18th-20th centuries. The permanent exhibition of the Museum includes materials on the history of Russian literature and XVIII culture– beginning of the 20th century.

The original of the famous poem, which was written by F.I. Tyutchev, is kept here. in 1866 on a piece of paper.

Historical reference

The Literary Museum is a division of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) Russian Academy Sciences, which is a scientific institution in the RAS system. The Pushkin House was created on December 15, 1905 on the initiative of a number of Russian cultural figures. One of the initiators of the Pushkin House was Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov (grandson of Emperor Nicholas I). In 1899, a Commission was created at the Academy of Sciences to prepare the celebration of the centenary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin, which initially planned to erect a monument to the poet, but gradually the idea was transformed into the creation of a museum. The main fund of the Pushkin House was collected by B. L. Modzalevsky. He also owned the project “Regulations on the Pushkin House”, approved by Emperor Nicholas II in 1907. In April 1906, government funds were allocated for the purchase of the Pushkin Library, and it was transferred to the Pushkin House, becoming the beginning huge collection books, manuscripts and items associated with the name of the great Russian poet. A significant part of the collection was acquired from the Parisian museum-collection of A. F. Onegin (Otto). The Onegin collection was acquired by the Imperial Academy of Sciences on May 15, 1909, but remained in the lifelong use of a Parisian collector. In 1922, the collection of the Pushkin House was replenished with family heirlooms and documents kept in the Hannibal family; they were given to the museum by Pushkin’s second cousin, Anna Hannibal. In 1925, Onegin died, and in 1928 his collection was also transported to the Pushkin House. Since 1995, the Pushkin House has been included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage.

Images

	Literary Museum of the Pushkin House	Hall dedicated to L.N. Tolstoy	Boots made by Tolstoy L.N.
Tolstoy plows, Klodt, 1889	Gogol's chair

Video

The name of the Pushkin House. Vsevolod Bagno. Academy (2012)

Map

Additionally

pushkinskijdom.ru - Pushkin House

Pushkin House in literature

Alexander Alexandrovich Blok

Poem “To the Pushkin House” (1921):

"The name of the Pushkin House

At the Academy of Sciences!

The sound is clear and familiar,

Not an empty sound for the heart!

These are the sounds of the ice drift

On the solemn river,

Roll call of the ship

With a ship in the distance,

This - ancient Sphinx, looking

Following the slow wave,

Bronze horseman flying

On a motionless horse.

Our passionate sorrows

Above the mysterious Neva,

How we celebrated a rainy day

White fire night.

What fiery distances

The river opened up to us!

But these are not the days we called,

And the coming centuries.

Skipping the days of oppression

A short-term deception

We saw the days to come

Blue-pink fog.

Pushkin! Secret freedom

We sang after you!

Give us your hand in bad weather,

Help in the silent struggle!

Isn't it your sounds that are sweet?

Did you inspire in those years?

Isn't it your joy, Pushkin?

Did she inspire us then?

That's why such a friend

And a sound dear to the heart

Name of Pushkin House

At the Academy of Sciences.

That's why, at sunset

Leaving into the darkness of the night,

From the white Senate Square

I bow to him quietly."