Essay “Characteristics of the image of Milady. Demonic spy

Why exactly lily? Or maybe Milady is not so guilty - if you think about it, what if she is not the main villain, but in fact the musketeers, four men who destroyed one woman in an unequal confrontation? We recently reviewed our Soviet film, and for the first time I thought about this question. And after my husband said that before a woman simply had to know her place, my eyes were opened. And even the lines from the heroine’s monologue confirm this: “The world of proud women is surrounded by a shameless game. For throwing off the yoke, a brand is imprinted on my shoulder.”

FLEURAL LILY SYMBOL

I'll start right away with the point. Why is there a lily on the stamp? The lily is a symbol of the royal family of France. The most common symbol in heraldry after the cross, eagle and lion. It is quite logical that criminals were branded with this sign - as a designation of royal justice. On the other hand, the lily is also a symbol of purity, innocence, the Virgin Mary and Christianity in general. Isn't there a lot of honor for tramps, thieves and prostitutes?

It’s interesting, but true - the flower is called a lily, but in fact, instead of it, the iris is depicted everywhere. What exactly does wild yellow marsh iris have to do with it? If you look closely, the iris resembles female genitalia. When Athos draws a flower on the wall in the film, it is clear that it is much more elongated than the real thing. Eat interesting version, that this is an allusion to the fallopian tubes, which medieval prostitutes had to tie off as a means of contraception. The anger of Athos - then still Count de la Fer - could not have been caused by the fact that the girl turned out to be a thief, as Dumas delicately presented, but by worse suspicions. But all the same, his action is little understood - he loved so much, and almost killed him without even understanding it. But more on that below.

LADY WINTER

Little is known about the origins and life of Milady before the beginning of the novel. In a conversation with Rochefort, she reports that she was born in Armentieres, a small town near the Bethune monastery. At the same time, Dumas says that she knew perfectly well the customs and peculiarities of the faith of the English Puritans - this was taught to her in childhood by an old servant. How does a French woman get an Englishman in her service? Although this is not the most controversial point - in the novel by Anne and Serge Golon, Angelique's servant was the former German soldier Guillaume Lutzen. Also noted is the impeccable English pronunciation Milady. Not to mention her nickname. Her middle name, Lady Winter, is also English, after her second English husband. Most likely, Milady's father is English, her mother is French. According to the context of the book, Milady is an English spy in the service of Richelieu, recruited shortly before the start of the novel. The real name of the heroine, as well as her origin, is not really clear. Only towards the end does Athos list her names. But again there is no accuracy - some researchers write that her real name is Anna de Bayle, others - Charlotte Buckson. That is, again the origin is unclear: if the first name is correct, then Milady is from France, if the second, then she is English. In the film, Milady asks the cardinal for a hereditary title as a reward for her service. Here again there are several options. Either she doesn’t have a title, or she has lost the right to it, or she is English, and she needs the title in France. The latter is most likely - since through her second husband she received the title of Lady Winter, assigned to her son.

ATOS AND MILADY

What kind of love is this when you are absolutely merciless towards your loved one? Athos was not embarrassed by either Milady’s origin or the fact that she was not a virgin; he even “went against the will of his entire family.” But I couldn’t survive the stigma. And in general, how do you take it and hang it like that? his own wife in the middle of a hunt, like in some wild times?! Dumas's entire novel is about this contradiction. Cardinal Richelieu is in it - main villain, the antagonist, and the musketeers are the positive heroes. In fact, it was the other way around. Athos is a representative of the old aristocracy, apparently from a very ancient and noble family. He somehow mentions in a conversation with d’Artagnan that his mother was a lady of state to Queen Marie de’ Medici - that is, the first lady of the court at court. This is a very high position. Athos says to himself “as noble as Dandolo and Montmorency.” Montmorency - an ancient noble family, princes of the blood, related to royal family. Under the “old order”, noble nobles had the powers of full rulers in their lands. They had the right to mint their own coins, have a personal army, and the king did not always have full power over them. And he had no control over their subjects. Remember the saying “my vassal’s vassal is not my vassal.” That is, Athos had every right to create arbitrariness on his lands. His real name is Comte de la Fère. In French the word "fer" is iron. Iron Count. Hard-hearted, passionless, striving to control his passions. He gave up once and has been trying to make up for it ever since. He is merciless and hard, like an iron blade, towards everything and everyone. His three friends, of much lower birth than he, are the only exception to the cold soul of Athos. By the way, not everything is an exception. In the novel “Twenty Years Later,” Athos, who has regained his title, cannot introduce d’Artagnan to his guests under his simple title - he calls him “Chevalier d’Artagnan,” that is, he raises him to a level acceptable to his entourage.

HEROES OF THE NOVEL “THREE MUSKETERS”

Looks like heroes famous novel not exactly who we are used to perceiving them as. D'Artagnan - no main character, but only a cover for deeper content. The point is in 2 points:

1) Confrontation with the archetypal masculinity(Athos) with the more ancient archetypal feminine principle (Milady). Patriarchy and chauvinism, which subjugated women through brute force, periodically found themselves powerless in the face of female sexuality. Unable to restrain themselves and unable to achieve reciprocity, all men could do was destroy the object of desire. This is what Athos does with his wife.

2) Confrontation between the noble aristocracy and Cardinal Richelieu. Richelieu is a villain for this very reason - the goal of his entire policy was to fight the feudal freemen (which Athos, as a count, used with might and main) and strengthen the vertical of power. He banned duels, which immediately reduced the number of deaths among young nobles. He ordered the demolition of feudal castles and the construction of open palaces in their place - so that the nobles would not try to hide behind impenetrable walls from the royal will. He appointed royal intendants to the aristocracy's possessions in order to have control. Athos and Richelieu are mortal ideological enemies.

Milady is a double enemy for Athos. Both as a woman who desecrated his family, and as a henchwoman of the cardinal.

At the same time, the rest of the musketeers are at odds with Richelieu rather “for company.” D'Artagnan's father, on the contrary, instructed him to show respect and serve 3 people - the king, the cardinal and Monsieur de Treville. Because he is a small landed nobleman, Richelieu’s policies did not cause such damage to him. In the film, after a game of chess in the Cardinal's palace, D'Artagnan tells Richelieu that yesterday he might have considered the opportunity to serve with him, but today his friends are among the king's musketeers. It is clear that their enmity was not initial. It's more difficult with Aramis - his personality is the most mysterious of all. In the book, his servant Bazin says that "Aramis" is the opposite of the word "Simara", the name of one of the demons. The word “simara” has another completely innocent meaning - it is a priest’s cassock. Considering that Aramis is a defrocked abbot who always dreams of regaining his rank, it is not surprising that he chose such a nickname. All three musketeers have names that hide their dark pasts. It’s clear with Athos - a fugitive, defamed count. Aramis is a man forced to leave his rank in order to learn to fence and take revenge on his offender. Richelieu is an enemy for Aramis rather due to circumstances - he banned duels, and Aramis just had to set up a “date” with the nobleman who insulted him. It’s not very clear with Porthos yet. Only in the book “Twenty Years Later” does he try to achieve at least a baronial title. This means that Richelieu was hardly a real enemy for him - his reforms had little bearing on Porthos.

Musketeer friends withdrawn positive heroes, although their behavior is far from impeccable. Athos is a drunkard and a murderer. Porthos openly courtes married woman for the sake of money, while appearing at her house, introducing herself to her husband as his wife’s cousin and spending his money. Aramis didn’t do much wrong in the first book, but then he made up for it in full. In the novel “Twenty Years Later,” he is the lover of Madame de Longueville, an active participant in the Fronde, a noble conspiracy against the king. In the book "Ten Years Later" he becomes a Jesuit who betrayed his friends. D'Artagnan changes women like gloves. At first he loves Constance, after her abduction he has an affair with Milady and at the same time with her maid Katie - he uses her, knowing that the girl is in love with him, to penetrate her mistress's chambers. To Milady herself, in order to spend the night with her, he introduces himself as Count de Wardes, with whom she was in love. To avoid being exposed, he hides his face in the dark. And in the end, this magnificent four, taking with them four servants, the executioner and Lord Winter, gather to kill one woman in an unequal battle.

STAMP ON MILADY'S SHOULDER

As a representative of a small noble family, Milady had only 2 options ahead of her - either to marry modest man, or a monastery. She ended up in the second. She spent 2 years there and ran away with a young monk, whom she seduced. Before escaping, he stole church property. The fugitives were found, the monk was sentenced to imprisonment and branding. The executioner turned out to be his brother, who, in a fit of despair, branded the girl too.

The first fact is that there was no justice, there was arbitrariness on the part of the executioner.

The second fact is that if Milady was 16 years old at the time of her marriage, it means that when she ran away from the monastery, she was 14-15 years old. There is some doubt about who else seduced whom.

The third fact - what, exactly, atrocities did Milady commit, besides the murder of Constance? Seduction of a monk - there are many questions with him. Buckingham's murder? So this is part of her work for the cardinal, and it was not she who killed him, but the fanatic Felton. She seduced and ruined this unfortunate Felton - he was such a Puritan, who could hardly stand Buckingham anyway. The murder of the second husband, Lord Winter - there are nuances here.

Milady's first marriage ended in a nightmare. A logical question is: how did the husband not see the mark on his wife’s shoulder? But here everything is quite clear - previously it was considered immodest to undress completely. It is clear that no one climbed into the bedroom to peep, but Athos could well understand his wife’s embarrassment and did not insist. Having married for the second time, Milady apparently decided not to wait for her husband’s reaction any longer and poisoned him immediately after she became pregnant. She needed her son to become the heir, and she, as his mother, owned the title by full right.

MILADY'S EXECUTION

Athos describes Milady as “a girl of sixteen, lovely as love itself. Through the naivety characteristic of her age, an ebullient mind shone through, an unfeminine mind, the mind of a poet. She didn’t just like her, she intoxicated her.” In the film he says, “There are no such refined manners in all of Provence.” From other descriptions of Milady, we learn that she: is fluent in several languages, knows many nuances of completely different aspects of life, knows how to quickly find a way out in any situation, knows how to handle weapons, has great physical strength and a “wonderful voice.” Like a real archetypal woman, she has a lot of masculine traits. Women's weakness is alien to her - although she knows how to play it and use it perfectly. Not a single man was able to cope with her, so all they could do was destroy her physically. Think about it - five men (including the executioner) against one woman! And in book ten - there were also the servants of the musketeers and Milady's brother-in-law Lord Winter. And barely they were all able to cope with it. Dumas writes how Athos ordered the servants guarding Milady to be replaced only on the basis that she told them something.

The Three Musketeers is a novel about men, the main characters are men. Only after 100 years will authors begin to make women heroines. In the book there are only 3 women - Constance, the Queen and Milady - on great amount men. In the novel about Angelique, the Marquis of Plessis-Bellières, recalling the reign of Louis XIII, says that it was a time of rude warriors who lived by war and duels. There was no place for women then, even very strong ones.

How do you imagine my lady's character and appearance? Is this a romantic figure, or do you see real character traits in the way she is described?
Milady appears before the reader as a romantic villain, in whose character there is not a single bright trait. Although the qualities that are inherent in her are found in real people, but my lady’s combination of them is frightening with the concentration of anger and mercilessness, the complete absence of good intentions.

Does an adventure-historical novel give an idea of ​​the era depicted? How would you characterize its role in shaping your understanding of historical time?

The undoubted benefit of an adventure-historical novel is that it not only introduces the era, but also captivates it with its plot. The events and characters that such a novel introduces us to are usually emotionally perceived by readers, and this is their positive role indisputable. Paying tribute to the cheerful talent of A. Dumas, we note his inexhaustible invention, humor and brilliance of dialogues. We must take into account that while skillfully describing the court life of the era and military actions, he is not very concerned about the historical accuracy of events. Much is depicted in a simplified manner, often explained by random reasons: intrigues of the courtiers, a happy coincidence of circumstances.

What century is depicted in the novel? What signs of the times can you identify in the novel?

The novel depicts the first half of the 17th century. The novel is filled with a wide variety of signs of the era. We not only learn about the events of a particular time, but also about the architecture of that time, about the fashion that reigned at court, about the manner of communication and even the rules for organizing fights. The author might make mistakes in reproducing the realities of the time, but they will live in our memory, since they are depicted by the writer very vividly and convincingly.

What role does landscape play in the novel?

In the novel “The Three Musketeers,” as in other historical and adventure novels by A. Dumas, the role of landscape is small. It often looks like a decoration of the era, as confirmation of the authenticity of the events depicted. Most often these are not pictures of living nature, but general outline places of action. Sometimes the description of a specific place also includes a story about how it has changed over time. Thus, describing the ruins of the castle, the author recalls the time of its heyday.

Which interiors do you particularly remember?

Among the interiors, the living quarters of the rulers are reproduced in the most detail. Their pomposity and their everyday (by the standards of our time) inconvenience. Dumas knows how and loves to draw with words not only portraits of heroes, but also objective world which surrounds them. The reader observes the life of the characters in a familiar environment. It is worth noting the variety of interiors that the writer recreates: it could be the queen’s boudoir, the modest furnishings of Madame Bonacieux’s house, or the chambers of Cardinal Richelieu.

Most often, those interiors are remembered in which the most important events took place. dramatic events, and the details of their descriptions help to imagine scenes important for the development of the plot.

What attracted you as readers to this novel: its fascinating adventure plot, the characters and actions of its heroes, the mastery of storytelling, the closeness of the author’s positions to your views on life?

Reading a novel is exciting. And, having completed this reading, we can try to determine what lies at the basis of our reader's interest. Reflecting on this, we usually call the fascination of the plot, the brightness of the characters, the amazing skill of the narration, which vividly depicts the actions of the heroes, as well as the clarity of expression of the author’s position, with which any reader wants to either agree or argue, it is so clearly expressed on the pages of the novel .

Milady is the former Countess de La Fère, the wife of Athos, whom he hanged after seeing the mark of a criminal on her shoulder. However, M. escaped and became a confidant of Cardinal Richelieu, that is, the mortal enemy of the musketeers. Throughout the novel, they successfully cope with her cunning plans, and in the end, after M. kills d'Artagnan's beloved Constance Bonacieux, the musketeers execute her in the remote town of Armentieres. Cunning, smart and heartless, M. stops at nothing in order to fulfill her plans and political intrigues of Richelieu. Without the slightest remorse, she, taking advantage of her angelic beauty, seduces and sends to certain death the fanatic Felton, because Richelieu needs him to kill the Duke of Buckingham (in exchange for this, the cardinal must give her the right to deal with with d'Artagnan). Without pity, she kills Constance with poison, who upset Richelieu's plans. Cleverly using the cardinal for his own purposes, M. knows how to cope with the most dangerous situations and invariably achieves his goal through dishonest intrigues and atrocities. M.'s image forms a sharp contrast to the main characters - the noble musketeers - and is endowed with exclusively negative qualities. In the system of the novel, M. plays the role of a heroine-villain, provoking danger for the main characters, who get an additional chance to demonstrate their impeccable courage and endurance. Involving the musketeers in endless adventures, M., together with Richelieu, forms the background against which the brilliant merits of these heroes appear even more clearly.

Demonic spy. Story a real lady Winter

Who was the prototype of Milady - the heroine of the novel by Alexandre Dumas? What happened to the Queen's diamond pendants? Where can a woman's revenge lead? ELENA RUDENKO talks about the demonic spy.

Detail from the painting “Portrait of Lucy, Countess of Carlisle”, Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641), c. 1637

I noticed that many male readers especially liked the character Milady. More than once I heard “Milady! Oh, what a woman!”, “D’Artagnan *** - he offended such a woman!” I had a neutral attitude towards this heroine; for example, she didn’t infuriate me.
Of course, the charming spy Lady Winter had her own real prototype- English Countess of Carlisle (aka Lucy Hay), who served as a secret agent for Cardinal Richelieu.
Contemporaries called her a witch endowed with demonic powers and suggested her connection with secret magical societies.
Yes, Alexandre Dumas did not invent the story of the royal pendants himself either. The author of this story is La Rochefoucauld, a Baroque writer-philosopher who was personally acquainted with Queen Anne and the Duke of Buckingham.

The historical lady had her own reasons for disliking Buckingham.

"Lady Lucy Percy", Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641)

The real Milady is Lucy Hay (née Percy), aka Countess of Carlisle (1599 - 1660). Daughter of Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland.
Her father, deprived of royal favor, was imprisoned in the Tower. In order to save herself from ruin, Lucy, at the age of 18, married an elderly landowner. Two years later she was widowed and remarried James Hay Earl of Carlisle, her cousin.

The Duke of Buckingham turned his attention to the society lady. Lucy was then 20 years old, Countess Carlisle became Buckingham's favorite. The Duke promised the Countess influence in society and wealth, but did not keep his words. He turned his attention to the French Queen Anne, decided to charm her and gain political support. The Duke forgot about the promise given to the favorite.

The ambitious Countess of Carlisle decided to take revenge on the Duke. By chance, fate brought her together with Cardinal Richelieu, and the lady became a French spy. This is how Milady appears in Dumas’ novel; she successfully completes the cardinal’s espionage missions.

Here is how La Rochefoucauld described Lucy Carlyle's decision to serve Richelieu:

“The cardinal, having explained to the countess that their feelings were similar and that they had common interests, managed to so skillfully master the arrogant and jealous soul of this woman that she became his most dangerous spy under the Duke of Buckingham. Out of a thirst to reprimand him for his infidelity and a desire to become necessary to the Cardinal, she spared no effort to obtain for him indisputable evidence to confirm his suspicions about the queen.”

In the memoirs of the writer La Rochefoucauld, the episode with the pendants is described in great detail. Only the historical d’Artagnan did not participate in this matter; he was 5 years old at the time.

“The Duke of Buckingham, as I said above, was a dandy and loved splendor: he made a lot of efforts to appear in meetings perfectly dressed, Countess Carlyle, for whom it was so important to keep an eye on him, soon noticed that for some time now he began to wear previously undressed clothes. diamond pendants known to her. She had no doubt at all that the queen had given them to him, but in order to be completely convinced of this, one day at a ball she took time to talk with the Duke of Buckingham in private and cut off these pendants from him in order to send them to the Cardinal. The Duke of Buckingham discovered the loss that same evening and, judging that the pendants had been stolen by Countess Carlyle, was afraid of the consequences of her jealousy and began to fear that she might be able to transport them to the Cardinal and thereby destroy the queen.

"Portrait of a Lady in a Green Dress" (Portrait of Lucy Hay), Adrian Hanneman (1603-1671)

To avert this danger, he immediately sent out an order to close all the harbors of England and ordered that no one be allowed out of the country under any circumstances until the time he specified. Meanwhile, at his command, other pendants were hastily made, exactly the same as the stolen ones, and he sent them to the queen, reporting everything that had happened. This precaution with the closure of the harbors prevented Countess Carlyle from carrying out her plan, and she realized that the Duke of Buckingham had enough time to prevent the implementation of her insidious plan. The queen, thus, escaped the vengeance of this enraged woman, and the Cardinal lost a sure way to incriminate the queen and confirm the doubts that beset the king: after all, he knew these pendants well, since he himself gave them to the queen.”

In Dumas's novel, Lady Winter persuades a religious fanatic to kill Buckingham, and she carries out the cardinal's order to “remove the Duke.” The real Milady, the Countess of Carlisle, had a personal motive for wanting the Duke's death - revenge. They said that the countess also helped direct the “assassin’s dagger,” but all this remained secular gossip.

In Dumas's novel, the Duke's killer is also called Felton, just like real killer Buckingham. The writer outlined the gossip about the countess's involvement in Buckingham's death in his novel, adding color.

Buckingham's widow in mourning with a portrait of her husband

Countess Lucy Carlyle had a magical charm; they said that she knew how to bewitch her fans. Dumas endowed his heroine, Milady Winter, with this talent. One of the names of the bookish milady is Lady Clarik, which is similar to the name Carlisle.

“The irresistible charm of mystical voluptuousness is the most destructive of all passions.”

The poet Robert Herrick wrote about the mystical attractiveness of the Countess of Carlisle.

I am a black silk lace
I could look at her wrist;
He gently wrapped his hand around
It was as if he had shackled a prisoner.
The dungeon was joyless,
But here comes the morning star,
And, pushing aside the solid shadow,
Before us are night and day together.
I'm imagining! if there,
In captivity, freedom is a wondrous temple,
I'm asking for love and I'm ready
Those gloomy ones cannot be removed from their shackles.

In the Baroque era, adherents of mystical societies wore a black cord on their arms. They said that magic helped the countess in love and politics. Milady remained immune to intrigue by setting traps for others.

Dumas describes Milady Winter as a witch:

“But nevertheless, many times during this evening she despaired of her fate and herself; True, she did not call on God, but she believed in the help of the spirit of evil, in this powerful force that rules human life in its smallest manifestations and which, as it narrates Arabian tale“One pomegranate seed is enough to revive an entire lost world.”

The Count says that he executed her in her youth. But milady surprisingly survived.

“The count was the sovereign master on his land and had the right to execute and pardon his subjects. He completely tore the countess’s dress, tied her hands behind her back and hung her on a tree.”

In my opinion, such an act does not fit with the image of a noble hero. In addition, he is an alcoholic, which is constantly mentioned in the novel.

“And, grabbing the last bottle, Athos raised the neck to his lips and drank it in one gulp, as if it were an ordinary glass.

Maybe he committed lynching when he was drunk, and then overslept and didn’t really remember what he did... The count loved to drink, it was a sin.

I remember the dialogue from the humoresque of the 90s

I want to marry the Comte de La Fère!
- Lost her mind? He's an alcoholic! That cardinal is a cool guy!

By the way, actor Veniamin Smekhov, in whose performance Count de La Fère looks brilliant, when asked about this character, he said:

“The count is good to everyone, but why did he kill the girl? Milady... I don’t agree with him.”

Yes, Milady in the novel can be called a “girl”, she is only 25 years old. She is one year younger than Constance, who is 26 years old.

Milady is poisoning Constance. Madame Bonacieux is a typical victim character. In detective stories, such heroines become victims of crimes.

The Comte de La Fère speaks about Milady's demonic power.

- You are a demon sent to earth! - Athos began. - Your power is great, I know, but you also know that people with God's help often defeated the most fearsome demons. You have already been on my path once. I thought I had wiped you off the face of the earth, madam, but either I was mistaken, or hell has resurrected you...
At these words, which awakened terrible memories in her, my lady lowered her head and groaned dully.
“Yes, hell resurrected you,” continued Athos, “hell made you rich, hell gave you a different name, hell changed your face almost beyond recognition, but it did not wash away either the dirt from your soul or the stigma from your body!”

I’ll grumble a little about the moral character of the romantic “good” d’Artagnan. Movies usually show only his “great and pure” love for Constance.

At first, d'Artagnan sneaks into Milady's bedroom at night, posing as her lover, de Ward. In the darkness he remains unrecognized. Then, frightened, he writes Milady a letter on behalf of de Wardes - that he wants to part with her. Then he receives an invitation from Milady to come to her, which he is very happy about. Milady asks him to kill de Wardes, who insulted her. And then came the awkward moment...
Along the way, d'Artagnan seduces Katie, Milady's maid. In general, a hero of his time, an interesting type... but does not inspire admiration.

Dumas mentions that the Gascon was seriously interested in Milady, and about pure love He forgot to even think about Constance.

“The only thing that was clear in this whole story was that d’Artagnan was madly in love with my lady and that she did not love him at all...
...he wanted to possess this woman once again, already under his own name, and since this revenge had in his eyes famous sweetness, he was unable to refuse it.”

Milady possessed demonic powers and, according to the Gascon:

“He mentally endowed this woman, who seemed to him like a demon, with allies as supernatural as herself; at the slightest rustle he imagined that they had come to arrest him...”

Actress Margarita Terekhova recalled that while playing the role she encountered mystical sensations:

“While working on the role of Milady, the forces of evil seemed to swirl around me. Otherwise I cannot explain what happened. Let’s say I needed to draw a brand in the scene when D’Artagnan accidentally learned Milady’s secret. Yura (director of the film Yungvald-Khilkevich) is also an artist. He says: “I’ll draw it for you now.” And suddenly he begins to call everyone. “Look, she has a red spot - you just need to circle it.” Can you imagine? I called everyone and simply outlined the lily that appeared on my shoulder.
I am a nervous woman, this seemed strange to me. We played this scene. But the further it goes, the worse it gets. Some inexplicable things began to happen. My hair began to fall off a little. At first I left my bag, I don’t remember where, then I lost the ticket with which I had to go on tour. I was so scared that I left everything in Odessa. Some strange forces swirled above me. It seems to me that this is precisely the natural mixture of emotions, energy and some otherworldly phenomena on which everything was based.”

Terekhova's Milady is truly terrifying in some scenes. For sure, Count Athos could only marry someone like this when he was drunk.

According to the book, Lady Winter was killed by the musketeers. Honestly, I believed that she would appear again like after that “hanging” and arrange for these “heroes” having a fun life. Unfortunately, Milady's adventures in Dumas's novels ended so sadly.

Historical Milady survived literary heroine.
On the eve of the revolution in England, the countess was simultaneously a spy for two political opponents of Thomas Wentfort, a supporter of the king, and Duke John Pym, his opponent. The attempt by the royal authorities to arrest Pym became one of the reasons for the start of the English Revolution.

Countess Carlisle deftly managed the English Revolution. She was a lady-in-waiting to Queen Henrietta Maria, widow of the executed Charles I, who was in exile in Paris. She became a “triple” agent, depending on her interests, she transmitted spy information to her queen, the English parliamentarians of the new government and supporters of the restoration of the monarchy in England. Queen Henrietta Maria, according to the recollections of friends, tried to protect herself from the influence of Carlisle, but could not resist her inexplicable force manipulator.

However, in 1649, at the age of 50, Milady stumbled in her spy games and ended up in Tower prison. Lady Carlisle spent about a year and a half in prison. It was said that Milady was provided with decent accommodation, game, wine and desserts were served for dinner, and society friends could visit her.

After her release, Countess Carlisle left her job as a spy and retired to her beloved estate, where she lived for another 10 years.

His interlocutor, whose head was visible in the frame of the carriage window, was a young woman of about twenty or twenty-two. We have already mentioned how quickly D'Artagnan grasped all the features human face. He saw that the lady was young and beautiful. And this beauty struck him even more so that it was completely unusual for Southern France, where d'Artagnan still lived. She was a pale blond woman with long curls, going down to the very shoulders, with blue languid eyes, with pink lips and hands white, like alabaster.

1. “The Three Musketeers” (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires) - French-Italian film from 1961. According to many viewers and critics - best adaptation great book.
Mylene Demongeau (born September 29, 1935, Nice)

The actress's mother, Claudia Trubnikova, was born in Kharkov in 1904 and emigrated to France. Mylene began her career at the age of 15, working as a fashion model in the studio of Pierre Cardin. Later she began to be cast in films, and Demongeau played with such stars as Jean Marais, Marina Vlady, Alain Delon, Yves Montand, Louis de Funes. Moviegoers know Mylène Demongeau from the comedy trilogy about Fantômas, where the actress played the bride of the journalist Fandor, as well as from the film “The Three Musketeers”, where she appeared in the image of Milady.

2. “The Three Musketeers” (eng. The Three Musketeers) film, 1973) - film. An adaptation of the work of Alexandre Dumas. The plot of the film generally follows the plot of Dumas's novel, but the film is full of humor and shot with a great deal of irony. Despite the fact that the plot of the film quite strictly follows the original source, George Macdonald Fraser is known for a series of parodies historical novels"Flashman" added to it a large number of comedy scenes. The battle scenes, directed by William Hobbs, often use furniture as weapons rather than swords, and the opponents often engage in hand-to-hand combat. Raquel Welch's character, in turn, creates an atmosphere of frivolity.
Faye Dunaway (eng. Faye Dunaway, born January 14, 1941, Bascom)

American actress, Oscar winner (1977). One of the most popular American film actresses of the 1960s-1970s, the peak of her career came with key roles in the iconic films “Bonnie and Clyde”, “Chinatown”, “Three Days of the Condor” and “Network”.

3. “D’Artagnan and the Three Musketeers” - a Soviet three-part musical adventure television film based on the novel “The Three Musketeers” by Alexander Dumas, filmed in 1978 at the Odessa Film Studio and directed by Georgy Yungvald-Khilkevich. Due to the legal battle between Yungvald-Khilkevich and Mark Rozovsky (the author of the script) and Yuri Ryashentsev (the author of the lyrics of the songs heard in the film), the film lay on the shelf for exactly a year. The television premiere on Central Television took place only on December 25, 1979
Margarita Borisovna Terekhova (b. August 25, 1942, Turinsk)

Soviet and Russian actress and theater and film director. People's Artist RF (1996).
Since 1959, she studied for two years at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Tashkent University. Then, leaving the university, she went to Moscow, where she entered the School-Studio of Yu. A. Zavadsky at the Theater. Mossovet. After graduating in 1964, she became an actress at the Theater. Mossovet, on whose stage she worked for many years (with a break - from 1983 to 1987). On the stage of this theater the actress played a lot interesting roles, among which: Cleopatra in “Caesar and Cleopatra” by B. Shaw (1964), Marie in the play “Through the Eyes of a Clown” based on the novel by G. Böll (1968), Sonya in the play “Crime and Punishment” based on the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky ( 1971), Elizabeth in “The Tsar’s Hunt” based on the play by L. Zorin (1977), Lyubov Sergeevna in “Theme with Variations” by S. Aleshin (1979). For the first time in films, Terekhova starred in 1965 in the film “Hello, it’s me!” At first, she did not act often, but many of the films with her participation became events - “Belorussky Station”, “Mirror” and others. Margarita Borisovna gained particular popularity in the late 1970s after the release of the costumed musical television films “A Dog in the Manger” and “D’Artagnan and the Three Musketeers.” In the first, she played the capricious Countess de Belleflore, in the second, the treacherous Milady. Terekhova’s subsequent work in cinema confirmed her high craftsmanship, although they did not have such great success. Margarita Terekhova worked and was friends with Igor Talkov, they had a close relationship, he worked with her for some time in the music program. In 2005, she made her debut as a director, directing the film “The Seagull” based on the work of A.P. Chekhov.
Since 2005, Margarita Borisovna, due to illness, has not played in the theater, has not acted in films and almost does not give interviews.

4. “The Three Musketeers” is a 1993 film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Caravan Pictures. Directed by Stephen Herek from a screenplay by David Lafery. Starring Charlie Sheen, Kiefer Sutherland, Chris O'Donnell, Oliver Platt, Tim Curry and Rebecca de Mornay.
The film is based on the novel “The Three Musketeers” by Alexandre Dumas. The film greatly simplifies and changes original story, and is also only relatively related to French history.
Rebecca Jane Pirch born August 29, 1959 (although exact date birth unknown) in Santa Rosa, California, USA.

Her parents, George Walter Pirch and Julie Eager, divorced, and Rebecca received the surname De Mornay from her stepfather. After his death, his mother, Rebecca and her brother Peter moved from Northern California to Europe. After graduating with honors, Rebecca studied at theater institute Lee Strasberg in Los Angeles.

5. “The Musketeers” (eng. The Three Musketeers) - an action adventure film by Poul Anderson, filmed according to a free interpretation novel of the same name Alexandra Dumas in 3D format. The world premiere took place on October 14, 2011, in Russia on October 13, 2011.
Milla Jovovich (Serbo-Croat. Milica Jovović, Milica Jovović; Russian. Milla (Milica) Bogdanovna Jovovich; English. Milla Jovovich; December 17, 1975, Kyiv)

American actress of Russian-Montenegrin origin, musician, model and fashion designer.

Demongeau fits Dumas’ description best of all, if you don’t take into account the color of his eyes, but Terekhova played the best, it’s a pity she’s too old for this role and looks shabby in the film:(

which milady do you like better? :)

1. Do you agree that the novel is considered an adventure-historical novel?

Alexandre Dumas, his father, did not strive for documentary material in his works. His novels are considered adventure-historical. Adventurous, first of all, because their plots are based on a fascinating intrigue, which was invented by the author. Historical because they involve people who actually existed, and many events that actually happened are reproduced. But there is another reason for this name - the freedom of the author when using a variety of events to characterize the heroes of his story. That is why the reader always knows that when reading an adventure-historical novel, he becomes acquainted with a witty fiction that is only partly true to the historical truth. The novel “The Three Musketeers” can be accurately attributed to the first half of the 17th century; it describes the events that took place during the lifetime of Cardinal Richelieu and the Duke of Buckingham.

2. How do you explain the title of the novel? As you know, there were four friends whose adventures are described in it, not three.

Let's follow the fates of four friends. Three of them were already musketeers at the very beginning of the novel. D'Artagnan did not immediately achieve this honor. The Three Musketeers and D'Artagnan are an inseparable alliance, in which D'Artagnan was the most active force.

3. Is there a hero in the novel who can be considered the main character of the work? Who is he? Prove that he is at the center of the events of the novel.

No one doubts that the main thing actor novel - D'Artagnan. His actions underlie all the most striking events of the novel, which begin with a formidable clash between future friends. Then the four heroes will be connected by exciting adventures, in which D’Artagnan will become the instigator and hero. He is the first to enter the battle, and he also finishes the battle.

4. What events seem to you the most striking, organizing the plot of the work? Are any of them genuine historical events? Which?

All the battle episodes of the novel speak about specific events. But the story with the pendants is especially memorable - a piece of jewelry that ended up in England in the hands of the Duke of Buckingham, who was in love with the French queen. All the numerous events of the intense plot take place in the first half of the 17th century. At the same time, the brave musketeers manage to prevent a number of military conflicts that were generated by the policies of Cardinal Richelieu and the Duke of Buckingham.

5. What is the code of honor of the characters in the novel? How applicable do you think it is in our time?

The code of honor that the musketeers profess is known to everyone. They did not invent it, but they religiously embodied it in their lives, which attracted numerous readers of many generations. Some phrases of this code sound like aphorisms: “One for all - all for one,” etc. Musketeers protect the weak, they punish meanness, are noble in relation to women, and are true to their word. A general code of honor for a noble man cannot be drawn up based on the deeds of each of the four heroes of the novel.

6. What qualities and actions are absolutely unacceptable for the heroes of the novel? How unacceptable are they to you?

The code of honor presupposes nobility of actions. By observing it, you cannot commit any unseemly act, not just meanness. Betrayal, deception, hypocrisy, denunciation - all this is excluded by the very fact of the existence of a code of honor. And of course, they should be unacceptable for each of us.

7. Are the exploits of the novel's heroes connected with serving a lady, or do these exploits have no inspiration?

High nobility towards women is characteristic of musketeers; they serve the lady, helping, for example, the queen, Madame Bonacieux. But these noble deeds more related to their code of honor than just the worship of a particular lady.

8. How do you imagine the character and appearance of my lady? Is this a romantic figure, or do you see real character traits in the way she is described?

Milady appears before the reader as a romantic villainess, in whose character there is not a single bright trait. Although the qualities that are inherent in her are found in real people, the combination of them in Milady is frightening due to the concentration of anger and mercilessness, the complete absence of good intentions.

9. Does an adventure-historical novel give an idea of ​​the era depicted? How would you characterize his role in shaping your understanding of historical time?

The undoubted benefit of an adventure-historical novel is that it not only introduces the era, but also captivates it with the plot. The events and characters with which such a novel introduces us are usually emotionally perceived by readers, and in this their positive role is undeniable. Paying tribute to the cheerful talent of A. Dumas, we note his inexhaustible invention, humor and brilliance of dialogues. We must take into account that while skillfully describing the court life of the era and military actions, he is not very concerned about the historical accuracy of events. Much is depicted in a simplified manner, often explained by random reasons: intrigues of the courtiers, a happy coincidence of circumstances.

10. What century is depicted in the novel? What signs of the times can you identify in the novel?

The novel depicts the first half of the 17th century. The novel is filled with the most diverse signs of the era. We not only learn about the events of a particular time, but also about the architecture of that time, about the fashion that reigned at court, about the manner of communication and even the rules of organizing groups. The author might make mistakes in reproducing the realities of the time, but they will live in our memory, since they are depicted by the writer very vividly and convincingly.

11. What role does landscape play in the novel?

In the novel “The Three Musketeers,” as in other historical and adventure novels by A. Dumas, the role of landscape is small. It often looks like the decoration of an era, as confirmation of the authenticity of the events depicted. Most often these are not pictures of wildlife, but the general outlines of the scene. Sometimes the description of a specific place also includes a story about how it has changed over time. Thus, describing the ruins of the castle, the author recalls the time of its heyday.

12. Which interiors do you especially remember?

Among the interiors, the living quarters of the rulers are reproduced in the most detail. Their pomposity and their everyday (by the standards of our time) inconvenience. Dumas knows how and loves to draw with words not only portraits of heroes, but also the objective world that surrounds them. The reader observes the life of the characters in a familiar environment. It is worth noting the variety of interiors that the writer recreates: it could be the queen’s boudoir, the modest furnishings of Madame Bonacieux’s house, or the chambers of Cardinal Richelieu.

Most often, those interiors are remembered in which the most dramatic events took place, and the details of their descriptions help to imagine scenes important for the development of the plot.

13. What attracted you as readers to this novel: the fascinating adventure plot, the characters and actions of its heroes, the skill of storytelling, the closeness of the author’s positions to your views on life?

Reading a novel is exciting. And, having completed this reading, we can try to determine what lies at the basis of our reader's interest. When we think about this, we usually name the fascination of the plot, the vividness of the characters' characters, the amazing mastery of the narrative, which vividly depicts the actions of the heroes, as well as the clarity of expression of the author's position, with which any reader wants or agrees. to argue, or to argue, it is so clearly expressed on the pages of the novel.

14. Try to characterize the features of the author's skill.

A. Dumas in his adventure-historical novels actively uses the entire range of author’s techniques that can attract the reader. He turns to what interests every reader - to the past. On this interesting background are being deployed fascinating stories, the development of which holds the reader’s attention, evokes his complicity and empathy. At the same time, it is necessary to note the mastery of the depiction of characters, the skillful use of all the details of the situation, which contribute to the active involvement of the reader in the course of events. If we try to characterize the author’s skill, we note that we have before us a master of creating a plot, outlining human characters, creating a complex and unified picture of reproducing reality within work of art.Material from the site

15. What thoughts and feelings arise when reading this novel?

Reading a novel is often perceived as entertainment, as a vacation, in which life around you begins to be perceived joyfully and optimistically, although the circumstances of the plot do not seem to suggest this. However, often when reading, questions arise that are no longer able to be resolved by the author, but by the reader himself. And these questions and motivations for action are often realized in actions that are not at all related to the characters and plot of the novel, but are simply prompted by its content. Thus, collective “Diaries of Musketeers” often appear, oaths are taken based on the code of honor of the musketeers, which largely determine the further behavior of student readers. Almost every reader can evaluate the measure and degree of influence of a book on his spiritual world and subsequent behavior after reading the book.

16. How can one explain the appearance of an endless number of dramatizations and film versions of the novel’s plot?

The fascination of the plot and the brightness of the characters' characters attracts readers. Peculiarities literary text, as well as its popularity, create a desire to use it to create works of other genres. You can try to name the genres in which The Three Musketeers were embodied - these are films, plays, parody novels, musicals, cartoons etc. Not all of them were successful, but the reader and viewer always looked with interest at new attempts to use their favorite plots and characters.

17. Try to dramatize any episode of the novel with your classmates.

Any dialogue can turn into a small scene that will show some quality of the hero, for example, his ingenuity or speed of reaction. At the same time, the brightness of a specific dialogue can be considered as the use artistic techniques Dumas the playwright on the pages of a prose work. The novel "Three Musketeers" is included in school curriculum on the rights extracurricular reading and appeal to voluntary creative work on creating a dramatization will help all eighth-graders to engage in the process of discussing both a work of art with its features, and those problems that are especially important at the moment in this particular class.

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