Analysis of Matrenin Dvor Solzhenitsyn by chapters. Matrenin Dvor - analysis of the work

“A village is not worthwhile without a righteous man” - this is the original title of the story. The story echoes many works of Russian classical literature. Solzhenitsyn seems to be transferring one of Leskov’s heroes into historical era XX century, post-war period. And the more dramatic, the more tragic is the fate of Matryona in the midst of this situation.

The life of Matryona Vasilievna is seemingly ordinary. She devoted her entire life to work, selfless and hard peasant work. When the construction of collective farms began, she went there too, but due to illness she was released from there and was now brought in when others refused. And she didn’t work for money, she never took money. Only later, after her death, her sister-in-law, with whom the narrator settled, will remember evilly, or rather, remind her of this strangeness of hers.

But is Matryona’s fate really that simple? And who knows what it’s like to fall in love with a person and, without waiting for him, to marry someone else, unloved, and then see your betrothed a few months after the wedding? And then what is it like to live with him side by side, to see him every day, to feel guilty for the failure of his and your life? Her husband didn't love her. She bore him six children, but none of them survived. And she had to take in raising the daughter of her beloved, but now a stranger. How much spiritual warmth and kindness accumulated in her, that’s how much she invested in her adopted daughter Kira. Matryona survived so much, but did not lose the inner light with which her eyes shone and her smile shone. She did not hold a grudge against anyone and was only upset when they offended her. She is not angry with her sisters, who appeared only when everything in her life was already prosperous. She lives with what she has. And therefore I have not saved anything in my life except two hundred rubles for a funeral.

The turning point in her life was when they wanted to take away her room. She did not feel sorry for the good, she never regretted it. She was afraid to think that they would destroy her house, in which her whole life had flown by in one moment. She spent forty years here, endured two wars, a revolution that flew by with echoes. And for her to break and take away her upper room means to break and destroy her life. This was the end for her. The real ending of the novel is not accidental either. Human greed destroys Matryona. It is painful to hear the author’s words that Thaddeus, because of whose greed the matter began, on the day of Matryona’s death and then the funeral, only thinks about the abandoned log house. He does not feel sorry for her, does not cry for the one whom he once loved so dearly.

Solzhenitsyn shows the era when the principles of life were turned upside down, when property became the subject and goal of life. It is not for nothing that the author asks the question why things are called “good”, because they are essentially evil, and terrible. Matryona understood this. She didn’t care about outfits, she dressed like a villager. Matryona is the embodiment of true folk morality, universal human morality, on which the whole world rests.

So Matryona remained not understood by anyone, not truly mourned by anyone. Only Kira alone cried, not according to custom, but from the heart. They feared for her sanity. Material from the site

The story is masterfully written. Solzhenitsyn is a master of subject detail. He builds a special three-dimensional world from small and seemingly insignificant details. This world is visible and tangible. This world is Russia. We can say with precision where in the country the village of Talnovo is located, but we understand very well that in this village there is all of Russia. Solzhenitsyn connects the general and the particular and encloses it in a single artistic image.

Plan

The narrator gets a job as a teacher in Talnovo. Settles in with Matryona Vasilyevna.
Gradually the narrator learns about her past.
Thaddeus comes to Matryona. He is busy with the upper room, which Matryona promised Kira, his daughter, raised by Matryona.
When transporting a log house through railways Matryona, her nephew and Kira's husband die.
There have been long disputes over Matryona's hut and property. And the narrator moves in with her sister-in-law.

Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search

On this page there is material on the following topics:

plan matrenin yard
plan for the production of Matryonin Dvor
Brief plan of Matryonin's yard
Matrenin Dvor subject detailing
quotation outline of the story Matryonin Dvor

The story of Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn " Matrenin Dvor" is a work based on real events, one might say autobiographical. The author actually worked in rural school and lived in the house of Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova, from whom the image of the heroine of the same name was entirely based, right down to her biography and the circumstances of her death.

The very title of the story "Matrenin's Dvor" can be interpreted in different ways. In the first case, for example, the word “yard” can simply mean Matryona’s way of life, her household, her purely everyday worries and difficulties. In the second case, perhaps, we can say that the word “yard” focuses the reader’s attention on the fate of Matryona’s house itself, Matryona’s household yard itself. In the third case, the “yard” symbolizes the circle of people who were one way or another interested in Matryona.

Each of the meanings of the word “yard” that I have given above certainly contains the tragedy that is inherent, perhaps, in the way of life of every woman similar to Matryona, but still in the third meaning, it seems to me, the tragedy is greatest, since here we are talking it is not about the difficulties of life and not about loneliness, but about the fact that even death cannot make people think one day about justice and proper attitude towards human dignity. The fear for themselves, their lives, without the help of someone else, whose fate they never cared about, prevails much more strongly in people.

“Then I learned that crying over the deceased is not just crying, but a kind of marking. Matryona’s three sisters flew in, seized the hut, the goat and the stove, locked her chest, gutted two hundred funeral rubles from the lining of her coat, and explained to everyone who came that They were the only ones close to Matryona." I think that in this case all three meanings of the word “yard” are added up, and each of these meanings reflects one or another tragic picture: the soullessness, deadness of the “living courtyard” that surrounded Matryona during her life and subsequently divided her household; the fate of Matryona’s hut itself after Matryona’s death and during Matryona’s life; the absurd death of Matryona.

Main feature literary language Solzhenitsyn is that Alexander Isaevich himself gives an explanatory interpretation of many of the remarks of the heroes of the story, and this reveals to us the veil behind which lies Solzhenitsyn’s very mood, his personal attitude towards each of the heroes. However, I got the impression that the author’s interpretations are somewhat ironic in nature, but at the same time they seem to synthesize the remarks and leave in them only the ins and outs, undisguised, true meaning:

“Oh, aunty, aunty! And how you didn’t take care of yourself! And, probably, now they are offended by us! And you are our darling, and the fault is all yours! And the upper room has nothing to do with it, and why did you go there, where did death guard you? And no one called you there! And how you died - I didn’t think about it! And why didn’t you listen to us?... (And from all these lamentations the answer stuck out: we are not to blame for her death, but we’ll talk about the hut later !)".

Reading between the lines of Solzhenitsyn’s story, one can understand that Alexander Isaevich himself draws completely different conclusions from what he heard than those that could be expected. “And only here - from these disapproving reviews of my sister-in-law - did the image of Matryona emerge before me, as I did not understand her, even living with her side by side. We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous person without whom “As the proverb goes, a village is not worth it.”

The life of a hardworking, kind, but very lonely woman, whom no one understood or appreciated, but everyone tried to take advantage of her hard work and responsiveness, was tragically cut short. The hero of the story bitterly regrets that he understood his mistress too late - but the rest of the village did not understand this even after her death. The image of Matryona is a living contrast to the reality that in Solzhenitsyn’s story is expressed through anger, envy and human acquisitiveness. The whole life of this simple Russian woman affirms the possibility of the existence of righteousness even in the midst of darkness and dirt. In my opinion, once you read this story, you can neither forget it nor remain the same.

Russian national character has repeatedly been the subject of depiction in literature. But it was Alexander Solzhenitsyn who, using the example of a simple Russian woman, managed to show the depth of the Russian spirit, its versatility and spirituality.

Analysis of the image of the gerini Matryona

Matryona is a simple Russian woman, she is not characterized by heroism and loud actions. Her life repeats the lives of millions of women in Rus' who work hopelessly and suffer injustice. Appearance main character very simple, it cannot be called beautiful.

Matryona's life was not full of bright events. She worked honestly all her life, sometimes faced injustice. But, despite this, Solzhenitsyn’s heroine did not become embittered the world, and looked at him with kind eyes.

Matryona, like every person, found small joys in her life that dispersed sadness and sorrow. For the woman, these were ficus trees that grew in her house and a cat. This suggests thoughts about the limitations of Matryona’s consciousness. However, this is not so; the poverty in which a woman is forced to live does not allow her to have something more valuable.

Even Matryona’s lack of education does not cause irritation, but rather touches her. Accustomed to living surrounded pristine nature, she condemns people who want to invade her, believes that the astronauts, by flying into space, will make it so that there will be more summer. She perceives the world around her as something sacred and inviolable, and humans as an integral part of this environment.

The main character, despite being tired from hopeless work, always helped her neighbors in field work, which earned them their love and affection. Work was her outlet, in it she realized her importance. Even when she was overcome by sad thoughts, she found salvation from them in work.

Matryona never wanted beautiful clothes, moreover, she did not see the need for herself to buy them. She saw the value of life not in external tinsel, but in the inner fulfillment of the people who surround her.

Matryona as a bearer of the Russian spirit

Why was the simple Russian Matryona chosen by the writer to embody the Russian national character? Because heroism and national consciousness are inherent not only to commanders, public figures and to writers he lives in the simple village woman Matryona.

She embodies the entire people, who are characterized by goodwill, independence of character, kindness and openness, sincerity and acute feeling debt. Everything that is in Matryona is inherent in each of us.

The simple life of a Russian woman is the heroism that has been glorified for centuries. Solzhenitsyn, thanks to his unsurpassed writing skills, was able to create an image of a bearer of national character that is understandable to everyone.

The writer shows us, using the example of Matryona, that the fate of Russia is not decided by politicians or universally recognized heroes, but millions of modest, hardworking women like the main character.

The prototype of Matryona is all the women of Russia who selflessly sacrifice their lives for the good of others and do not see it as heroic act. According to the author’s own prediction, Russia will exist as long as at least one such Matryona lives in it.

The author's title of the story is “A village is not worth it without a righteous man,” however Chief Editor"New World", where the work was published in 1963 (No. 1), A. Tvardovsky insisted on the name "Matrenin's Dvor", which from the point of view of expression author's position incomparably weaker, since for Solzhenitsyn the main thing was the affirmation of the impossibility of the existence of a life devoid of a moral principle, the personification of which among the people was for him the main character of the story.

The story "Matrenin's Dvor", which we will analyze, in terms of reproducing the events of reality, remains completely authentic: both life and death Matryona Vasilievna Zakharova is presented in the work with documentary accuracy; in real life the action took place in the village of Miltsevo Vladimir region. Thus, the plot of the story and the images of the characters are not fictitious; one of the characteristic features creativity of Solzhenitsyn: the writer gravitates towards real facts, artistic comprehension which in his works are carried out in the direction of identifying philosophical foundations life, transforming everyday life into being, revealing the characters of the heroes in a new way, explaining their actions from the standpoint of not the momentary, vain, but eternal.

The image of the railway in Russian literature has long traditions, and Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matrenin’s Dvor” continues these traditions. Its beginning seems to interest the reader: why at the crossing “for a good six months after that, all the trains slowed down as if to the touch”? Then"? However, further narration removes some of the mystery from the events that caused the trains to almost stop, and it turns out that here, at this crossing, she died terrible death the same Matryona, whom those around her valued little during her life, considering her “funny” and “stupid,” and after her death they began to condemn her for being so “wrong.”

The image of the main character of the story "Matrenin's Dvor" was drawn by the author in highest degree realistically, his Matryona is not embellished at all, she is depicted as the most ordinary Russian woman - but already in the way she “maintains” her hut, the unusual mental makeup of this woman is manifested: “The spacious hut and especially the best part near the window was lined with stools and benches - pots and tubs with ficuses. They filled the hostess’s loneliness with a silent but lively crowd,” says the author, and the reader sees this world alive - for the hostess - of nature, in which she feels good and at peace. She carefully created this world of hers, in which she found peace of mind, because her life was unusually difficult: “Misunderstood and abandoned even by her husband, who buried six children,” “There were many heaped injustices with Matryona: she was sick, but was not considered disabled; she worked on a collective farm for a quarter of a century, but because she was not at a factory - she was not entitled to a pension for herself, and she could only achieve it for her husband..." - this is what the life of this woman was like.

However, as the author emphasizes, all these life trials They didn’t turn Matryona Vasilyevna into an embittered person, she remained a light-hearted person who knew how to enjoy life, a person who looked at the world openly and joyfully, she retained " radiant smile“, she learned to find an opportunity to enjoy life in any situation, and, as the author writes, “I noticed: she had a sure way to regain her good mood - work.” Any injustice that spoiled her life was forgotten in the work that transformed her : “And bowing not to the office desks, but to the forest bushes, and having broken her back with the burden, Matryona returned to the hut, already enlightened, happy with everything, with her kind smile." Maybe that’s why she couldn’t refuse anyone who asked (almost demanded ...) to help her in her work, that she felt joy from work? And neighbors and relatives took advantage of this, and it turned out that Matryona’s hands did not reach her garden - she had to help others, who almost despised her for this help openly: “And even about Matryona’s cordiality and simplicity, which her sister-in-law recognized in her, she spoke with contemptuous regret.”

The author also shows Matryona as a person in whom the genuine, not flaunted, spiritual values of the Russian people are concentrated: kindness, true love towards people, faith in them (despite the unfair treatment towards oneself), even a certain holiness - only the holiness of everyday life, in which it is unusually difficult for a person to maintain moral principle. It is noteworthy that the author mentions this when speaking about the place of religion in the heroine’s life: “Perhaps she prayed, but not ostentatiously, embarrassed by me or afraid of oppressing me... in the morning on holidays Matryona lit a lamp. She only had sins less than that of her wobbly cat. She was strangling mice..." The following detail noted by the author also speaks about the spiritual beauty of the heroine: "Those people always have good faces, who are in harmony with their conscience... and this reflection warmed their face Matryona."

The heroine of Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin's Dvor" dies under the wheels of a train because of someone else's greed, because of her desire to help others, seemingly relatives. However, these “relatives and friends” swoop down like vultures on the poor (if not to say beggarly) “inheritance”, make “accusatory cries against” each other from crying over the body of the murdered woman, trying to show that it was they who loved the deceased most of all and the most for her. they mourn, and at the same time their crying goes beyond the “ritual norms”, “coldly thought-out, primordially established order.” And at the wake, for which “tasteless pies were baked from bad flour,” they argued about who would get what of the deceased’s things, and “it was all about going to court” - the “relatives” were so unyielding. And after the funeral, Matryona’s sister-in-law remembers her for a long time, and “all her reviews about Matryona were disapproving: she was unscrupulous; and she didn’t chase after money; and she wasn’t careful; and she didn’t even keep a pig, for some reason she didn’t like to feed; and stupid, helped strangers for free..." But it is precisely this, in the eyes of the author, that Matryona is contrasted with all the other heroes of the story, who have lost their human appearance in the pursuit of "production" and other blessings of life, who valued only these most notorious blessings in life, who do not understand, that the main thing in a person is the soul, which is the only thing worth bothering about in this life. It is no coincidence that, having learned about the death of Matryona, the author says: “Killed dear person". Native - because he understood life the same way as he himself, although he never spoke about it, maybe simply because he didn’t know such words...

The author admits at the end of the story that while Matryona was alive, he never managed to fully understand her. Tormented by his guilt for the fact that “on the last day I reproached her for wearing a padded jacket,” he tries to understand what was Matryona’s attractiveness as a person, and her relatives’ reviews about her reveal to him true meaning this man in his own life and the lives of those who, like himself, were unable to understand her during her lifetime: “We all lived next to her and did not understand that she was the very righteous man without whom, according to the proverb, the village would not stand. city. Not the whole land is ours." This recognition characterizes the author as a person capable of admitting his mistakes, which speaks of his spiritual strength and honesty - in contrast to those who during his life used the kindness of Matryona’s soul, and after death despised her for this same kindness...

On the way to publication, Solzhenitsyn's story "Matrenin's Dvor" underwent changes not only in the title. The date of the events described was changed - at the request of the magazine's editors, the year 1953 was indicated, that is, the Stalin era. And the appearance of the story caused a wave of criticism, the author was reproached that he one-sidedly shows the life of a collective farm village, does not take into account the experience of the advanced collective farm neighboring the village where Matryona lives, although it is about its chairman that the writer says at the very beginning: “It was its chairman, Gorshkov, who brought under the root of quite a few hectares of forest and profitably sold it to the Odessa region, thereby raising his collective farm, and receiving himself a Hero of Socialist Labor "... Probably, the pathos of Solzhenitsyn's work, which showed that the "righteous man" left this land, did not suit those who determined the “meaning” of the story, but its author has nothing to do with it: he would be happy to show a different life, but what to do if it is as it is? The writer’s deep concern for the fate of the people, whose “righteous” live ununderstood and die such a terrible death, is the essence of his moral position, and Solzhenitsyn’s story “Matryonin’s Dvor,” which we analyzed, is one of his most significant works, in which this anxiety is felt especially acutely.

The action of the story by A. I. Solzhenitsyn takes place in the mid-50s. last century. The narration is told in the first person, a peculiar person dreaming of life in the outback home country, unlike those intending to quickly move to noisy cities compatriots. This fact explained by a long stay in prison, a desire to distance himself from society, solitude and peace.

Story line

To realize his intention, the character goes to the place "Peat Product" to teach in high school. Boring barracks and dilapidated five-story buildings do not attract him at all. As a result, having found refuge in the remote village of Talnovo, the hero will meet a lonely woman, Matryona, who has lost her health.

A by no means prosperous household in a nondescript hut consists of a languid cat abandoned by the previous owner, a mirror darkened by time and a pair of posters that attract prying eyes, illustrating the sale of books and crop yields.

Contrasts

By focusing on these simple interior items, the author tries to convey to the reader the key problem of past times - the bravado of the official chronicle of events solely for the sake of showing off and the sad reality of the impoverished hinterland.

In parallel, the master of words contrasts the rich spiritual world, performing backbreaking labor on a collective farm, a peasant woman. Having worked almost everything best years, she did not receive a pension from the state either for herself or for the loss of her breadwinner.

Personal qualities

Attempts to find at least a penny turn into obstacles from the bureaucratic apparatus. Despite the misunderstanding of those around her and the dishonest actions of the ruling authorities, she manages to maintain humanity, a sense of pity and compassion for people. Surprisingly humble by nature, she does not require additional attention or excessive comfort, sincerely enjoying her acquisitions.

Love for nature is expressed in the careful cultivation of numerous ficus trees. From further descriptions Matryona’s life, it is known that she could have avoided a lonely fate, because the home was built for children and grandchildren. Only in the 2nd part is the fact of the loss of her six children revealed. She waited 11 years for her husband after the war after he was declared missing.

Summarizing

The image of Matryona embodies the best features of a Russian woman. The narrator is impressed by her good-natured smile, incessant work in the garden or when going to the forest to pick berries. The author speaks unflatteringly about her surroundings. Replacing a worn-out railway overcoat with a coat and the resulting pension causes noticeable envy among fellow villagers.

In his work, the writer draws attention to the extreme plight of the peasants, their joyless existence with meager food of their own and a lack of money to feed livestock. At the same time, the unfriendly attitude of people living closely is clearly manifested.

Analysis of the story Matryonin Solzhenitsyn's yard

The story by Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn tells the story of a man who wanted to get lost in the outbacks of Russia. Moreover, the hero wanted a truly calm, almost reclusive life. He wanted to get a job as a school teacher. And he succeeded. But in order to work at the school, he needed to live somewhere. He walked throughout the village and looked into every hut. Everywhere was crowded. So he had to settle in Matryona Vasilyevna’s large and spacious hut. The situation in the hut was not the best: cockroaches, mice, a three-legged cat, an old goat and the neglect of the building - all this seemed scary at first. But over time, the hero got used to it and became comfortable with Matryona Vasilievna.

The writer describes the owner of the hut as an old woman of about sixty. She wore torn clothes, but loved them very much. All she had on her farm was an old, mangy goat. Matryona Vasilievna appears to the reader as an ordinary, but at the same time mysterious woman. She is mostly silent, doesn’t say anything, and doesn’t ask the hero anything. Only once Matryona told a piece of her life to the hero. How she was going to marry one brother, but ended up marrying another because she couldn’t wait to see her first brother after the war. Everyone thought he was dead. So Matryona Vasilyevna married her second brother. He was a year younger than her. But Efim never laid a finger on Matryona. Coming from the war, the elder brother scolded to chop them down, but soon calmed down and found himself a wife with the same name. This is where her story ended. And she told all this because Thaddeus came to her to talk with school teacher Antoshka, who lived with Matryona.

Matryona Vasilievna is presented to the reader in such a way that you want to feel sorry for her and help her. She had no children. It so happened that they died after three months of life. And so it happened that Vasilievna took one of her brother-in-law’s daughters to raise. The girl's name was Kira. Matryona Vasilyevna raised her daughter and married her. It was Kira who, at least sometimes, helped Matryona, but the woman herself tried to survive. She, like all the women in the village, stole peat from the swamps to keep warm in the cold winters. And she ate what “God would send.” Matryona Vasilievna was simple-minded and kind person, never refused help and did not take anything if she helped.

Vasilievna bequeathed the hut in which the heroine of the story lived to Kira. So the day came when they came to dismantle half of the hut, Matryona grieved a little and went to help load the boards. That’s how she was, Matryona Vasilyevna, she always took on men’s work. On this day the misfortune happened. When they transported boards on sleighs across railway, then the train crushed almost everyone.

Somehow, not everyone truly grieved for Matryona Vasilyevna. Maybe because it’s so common among people that they need to shed tears for the dead, that’s the only reason why people seemed to cry. But the reader will not see sincerity in these tears. Everyone only cries because they have to. Only the adopted daughter truly grieved for Matryona Vasilyevna. At the wake she sat on the sidelines and cried quietly.

After the death of Matryona Vasilievna, everyone was only thinking about who would get what from her very poor property. The sisters shouted loudly about who would get what. Many others expressed what Vasilievna promised to whom. Even my brother’s husband thought that the boards that were left intact should be taken back and put to use.

In my opinion, A.I. Solzhenitsyn wanted to tell the story about a simple Russian woman. It’s about someone who, at first glance, is not noticeable, but if you get to know her and talk more closely with her, her entire multifaceted soul will be revealed. The author of the story wanted to talk about strong feminine character. When, enduring hardships and misfortunes, falling but rising again, a Russian woman always remains strong in spirit and does not get angry at simple everyday trifles. It is people like Matryona Vasilievna, inconspicuous and not demanding much, who make our lives easier. When such a person is no longer nearby, it is then that people realize the loss and the importance of having this particular person nearby. In my opinion, the author chose the words perfectly at the end of the story “... a righteous man, without whom, according to the proverb, the village does not stand. Neither the city. Neither the whole land is ours."

Several interesting essays

Essay What are mental powers 9th grade 15.3
Soul, how much one word means. Experiences, memories, meetings, conversations, gatherings are always associated with him. No one has yet determined where it is located in the human body.
Analysis of Bunin's story Muse
The story is told in the first person of an elderly landowner who wanted to study painting. He was so passionate about this idea that he spent the entire winter period, in Moscow, abandoning his estate. The landowner took painting lessons from a very mediocre
Yashka - a faithful comrade - essay on the story Quiet Morning (7th grade)
Yuri Kazakov’s story “Quiet Morning” is about two boys: Yashka and Volodya. Yashka is a typical village boy, accustomed to dressing simply and comfortably, waking up early, going fishing and hunting.
Characteristics and image of Vozhevatov in the play Dowry by Ostrovsky essay
One of the main characters of the play “Dowry” by A. N. Ostrovsky is Vasily Danilych Vozhevatov. The young man is a representative of a very wealthy European company, he likes to dress in European style
Essay based on Shishkin’s painting Winter in the Forest (Rime) 3, 2nd grade
Feels how cold it is there. The snow is so beautiful. And the frost is especially beautiful. The black branches are almost invisible, everything is silvered with frost. There is also a lot of snow. Sky is blue! Not a cloud. It would be very nice to walk in this picture. There the frost crunches, the snow shines. Winter!