Hungarian surnames are beautiful and rare. Male and female Hungarian first and last names with list

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Hungarian names

Hungarian male names and their meanings

Hungarian names stand out from other names in Europe. Their peculiarity is the eastern order of first and last names, in which the last name precedes the given name. This is typical for China, Japan and Korea.

Accent in Hungarian names(as in all Hungarian words) always falls on the first syllable.

Hungary is a state in Central Europe bordering Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia.

Official language– Hungarian.

The capital is Budapest.

Hungarian belongs to the Finno-Ugric group of languages. Currently, the Hungarian language is spoken in Hungary, as well as in certain regions of Romania (Transylvania), Austria, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia (Vojvodina) and Ukraine (Transcarpathia).

The majority of the inhabitants of Hungary are Hungarians.

The most significant national minorities are Germans, Roma, Jews, Romanians, Slovaks, Croats and Serbs.

The Hungarian name book includes groups of names:

Names of Hungarian origin

Names borrowed from foreign languages

Biblical names.

Hungarian male names

Agoston- venerable

Adam- Earth

Adorjan

Abel– shepherd

Andras– warrior

Ambrus– immortal

Arpad– seed

Andris– warrior

Almos- dreamy, sleepy

Anastase– revival

Andor– warrior

Alfred– elf meeting

Antal– invaluable

Akos– white falcon

Armand

Aron – high mountain

Attila- little father

Balazs

Barto

Barnabas

Barna

Benjamin- son of the southern lands

Bundy– warrior

Bartos

Bertok– bright raven

Bernat- brave as a bear

Balint- healthy, strong

Bela- white

Bertalan

Bens- conqueror

Vida- life

Vili- helmet

Vilmos- helmet

Vince- conqueror

Virag- flower

Gabi – strong man god

Gabor- strong man of God

Gaspard

Geza

Ghioso– champion, winner

Giorgi- peasant

Gyula- bearded

Gyuri- peasant

Demeter- earth lover

Denes- follower of Dionysus

Jacob– oppressor

Jani- God is good

Junxi- God is good

Janos- God is good

Jellert– spear, brave

Jeno– well born

Jergo- careful, vigilant

Joseph- he will increase

Josie- he will increase

Donat – God given

David– beloved

Gyula

Zoltan– Sultan

Ignak– ignorance

Imr- Job

Imrus- Job

Imre

Istvan– crowned

Kazmer– famous, great destroyer

Kalman- pigeon

Karksi- Human

Kelemen- gentle and merciful

Conrad- bold meeting

Christophe- bearer of the cross

Lajos- famous warrior

Lajos

Lazar- God help

Lucky- successful

Laszlo- glory

Levent- governor, presenter

Levi- governor, presenter

Lexo- governor, presenter

Lorand – known land

Lorant– known land

Lucas– from Lucania

Marton

Mate– a gift from God

Matyas– a gift from God

Mizi– who is like God?

Miklos- victory of the people

Morik- dark-skinned, Moor

Nandor– ready to go

Nikolaa- victory of the people

Odie- defender of prosperity

Odon- defender of prosperity

Orban- city dweller

Pal- small

Patrick- nobleman

Petit- rock, stone

Pista– crowned

Peter- rock, stone

Rickard- powerful and brave

Robert- famous

Sandor– defender of humanity

Sebastien

Szilard- solid

Silveste r - from the forest

Tamas– twin

Tibor

Tivadar– a gift from God

Todor– a gift from God

Tomi– twin

Tony– invaluable

Fabo

Ferenk- free

Feri- free

Ferko- free

Fredek- peaceful ruler

Fulop– horse lover

Sandor

Edward– prosperity

Elek– defender

Elias- my God

Enr– warrior

Erno- fighter against death

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Hungarian names. Hungarian male names and their meanings

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“Whatever you call the ship, that’s how it will sail...” You can, of course, laugh and think about the well-known words of Captain Vrungel Christopher Bonifatievich at the same time. A name is undoubtedly a person’s destiny. It determines his character, connects him not only with close relatives, but also with his place of birth, with the people living in a given area, with culture, way of life, history. And what about Hungarian names? What features do they have?

Hungary

When does a person get a name? First of all, it is given to him at birth. And here the main ones actors are the parents, and it is their choice that determines the future fate of the child. Unfortunately, parents do not always act freely and independently. History, fashion, idols, heroes of novels and films, as well as special respect for great-grandparents - all this makes its own adjustments. How are things going with this in Hungary?

All children in Hungary have several personal names. The first is the main name and it must be recorded in all official documents. The second is assigned to the baby at baptism. And, finally, the third - during the sacrament of anointing or confirmation. As a rule, the last two are not used in everyday life.

Other Features

This is not the only reason why Hungarian names stand out from the colorful background of others. Firstly, they are characterized by an eastern order of succession, that is, the surname precedes the given name. And, secondly, according to the law, children must be given names only from the official list. It is quite large, so no one is left without their unique name. Non-Indigenous residents are allowed to choose a name of their choice. What Hungarian names are on this list?

Hungarian name book

Any state, in the name of not only prosperity, but also its very existence, is obliged to protect its so-called national gene. What does it consist of? From language, culture, history, religion, and including from the name. Hungary is no exception and supports this policy.

Therefore, in the official name book, the main part is the original national names, many of which were created on the basis common nouns or adjectives: Ambrus - immortal, Ferenk - free, Oszkar - lover of deer and others. The following is a long list of names Turkic origin: Balaban - “a type of falcon”, Zoltan, Attila, Geza, Gyula and others.

In third place are names biblical origin or borrowed from the Catholic calendar. It is interesting to note that many of them were not simply borrowed, not transplanted from one soil to another, but adapted, took root and acquired their own unique appearance. For example, Gabriel turned into Gabor, there was Alexander - became Sandor, Louis - Lajos, Blasius - Balazs, Aaron - Aron, Susanna - Zsuzsanna, Agnia - Agnes, George - Gyorgy, Louis - Lajos, and so on.

And finally, the Hungarian names of the fourth group are relatively recent borrowings from other European languages: Binka (Italian), Georgette (French), Blanca (Italian), Bernadette (French) and others.

Amazing facts

This article has repeatedly talked about the features of the Hungarian name book. There is another one: Hungarian female names and their varieties. A girl who gets married has the right to choose one of several naming options. Which? First of all, and this is the most traditional option, in marriage she can bear not only her surname, as is customary in our country, but also her husband’s name, adding only the suffix -né. For example, Németh Anna marries Szabó Máté, and from now on she is called Szabó Máténé. Also, along with the surname and first name of her husband with the suffix -né, she can keep her first and surname: Szabó Máténé Németh Anna.

But that is not all. There are other options. First: leave your first and last name and add your husband’s last name with the same affix: Szabóné Németh Anna. Second: personal name plus husband's surname without any changes: Szabó Anna. And the last one: be married under your last name and with own name: Németh Anna.

By the way, the name Mate is in second place in popularity in the category “Hungarian male names”.

Meaning

And yet, everything in the world is not just like that. It was not for nothing that certain names and surnames arose. Each of them has its own meaning, its own source. What or who are popular Hungarian names associated with? We will not disclose the entire list. We will give only examples of the most famous ones. Among men, the most common are the following:

• Bence (Vince) - from Latin “to win”.
• Mate - from Hebrew “gift of Yahweh.”
• Levente - from the old Hungarian “live”.
• David (Dako, Dozha) - from Hebrew “beloved”.
• Balazs is Latin for “lisping.”

Among the women's ones we can note the following:

• Yazmin - which means jasmine flower in Hungarian.
• Anna or Hannah - from Hebrew “grace, mercy.”
• Eleanor - from Greek “mercy, compassion, sympathy.”
• Boglarka - from Hungarian the flower ranunculus.

As for Hungarian surnames, the most common are:

• Nagy - “big, great.”
• Kovacs - “blacksmith”.
• That one is a “Slovak”.
• Sabo - "tailor".
• Horvat - "Croatian".

Thus, it becomes clear that both native Hungarian names and those that came from other nations are popular, and they mainly mean character traits, spiritual qualities, or are associated with external data, profession.

Until the beginning of the 13th century, regardless of class status, Hungarians, as in other European countries, did not have a surname - only a first name. This name could be of Finno-Ugric, Turkic or Christian origin.

Very rarely, some individuals had double names ( Aba Samuel), thereby they wanted to emphasize the fact that they are not direct descendants of the Arpad dynasty, but come from a different family.

In the XIII-XIV centuries. Hungarian feudal society is formed. The old aristocratic families were disintegrating. Land ownership became hereditary. Legal rules of inheritance required that kinship ties have an “external appearance” so that landowners could be clearly distinguished in legal documents from other (poor) landowners of the same name. Initially, only the distinctive name was used together with the individual name. The same person in one case received as distinguished name father's name - Paulus, Filius, Johannis, in another case - the name of the estate, in the third - a nickname. Since the servant was a “valuable property,” it was appropriate to distinguish him from his namesake. Therefore, quite early, back in the 13th century, we find their exact definitions in documents. Usually either the father's name appears or the name of the place where they are from. These qualifying names, however, cannot be considered surnames, because they were not yet inherited, but belonged only to one person.

In Hungary, the process of formation, strengthening and inheritance of surnames began quite early - among nobles in the 14th century, and among peasants in the 15th century. - and lasted several centuries. Among nobles, the surname usually came from the name of their estates; thus, the son inherited the name along with the land. Among servants, serfs and townspeople, the needs of the administrative bureaucracy, collection of taxes, recruitment, etc. played a large role in the emergence of their surnames. Surnames, passed down by inheritance, greatly facilitated the work of the administration, as they made it possible to distinguish people. In the 16th century surnames were already common among the ruling class and among the serfs, although this did not fully apply to the peasants; According to available data, about 2% of men did not have a surname, mainly landless peasants, farm laborers, aliens, beggars, craftsmen, and also very often widows. These people even after the 16th century. often did not have a surname. Subsequently, the masters and officials surnames arise from the name of their profession. At the end of the 18th century. In Hungary, by law, everyone had to have a surname. After this, only with the permission of the king could it be changed if for some reason it did not suit its bearer.

As is known, every European anthroponymic system presupposes the precedence of the surname. In this regard, the only exception is Hungarian anthroponymy, where the reverse order is adopted. The fact is that in the Hungarian language, as in other Finno-Ugric languages ​​(unlike Indo-European), the adjective is Always before a noun.

A lot of surnames were formed on the basis of the father's name by adding the word "son" ( -fi, -fy, -fia): Antalfi, Bánfi, Balintfi, Együdfi, Gyulafi, Imrefi, Istvánfi, Lászlófi, Martonfi, Peterfi, Petőfi(Petofi), but such names do not make up the majority. Another case is when the father's name has a possessive ending ( -e>-i, -y): Balassi, Ferenczy, Andrassy, Miklosy. This is not a particularly common occurrence, and often it is not possible to decide on what basis the surname arose: from the father's name or from the name of the locality. One of the most common ways to form surnames is the father's name without any special ending: Abel, Antal, Balazs, Bence, Benedek, Egyed, Gabor, Kalman.

Surnames were also formed from the names of villages (for nobles - from the names of their possessions) without an ending, but more often with the ending -i, and -háza, -hida, -falva, -laka, -földe, For example: Debreceni, Hatvani, Palfalvi, Hellenházi, Várföldi, Banhidi, Banlaki.

As a result, double-root anthroponyms of the structure “place name + “house”, “bridge”, “village” arose.

In addition, surnames were formed from different ethnonyms: Toth“Slovak” (until the 16th-17th centuries also “Serb”), Nemeth"German", Horváth"Croat", Oláh"Romanian", Orosz"Russian", Lengyel"Pole", Cseh"Czech". Naturally, the surname Magyar"Hungarian" is very rare, since it could not perform a distinctive function.

Further, surnames could come from the names of professions and positions. Interestingly, they are found only among the descendants of serfs and townspeople: Borbely"hairdresser", Meszúros"butcher", Molnar"miller", Kocsmáros"innkeeper" Asztalos"carpenter" Acs"a carpenter", Fazekas"potter", Kovács"blacksmith". Biro"judge", Papp"pop" etc. Some surnames were formed from the names of flowers: Veres"red", Fekete"black"; from physical characteristics and appearance traits: Santa"lame", Szöke"blond", Balogh"left-handed".

Surnames, mostly double ones, were formed from nicknames. The surname is preceded by the name of the father, mother, and godparents. In some cases, the surname of these relatives could also appear before the surname. Double surnames could initially arise from names: professions ( Kalmár Szabó Janos - Kalmár"trader"), place of origin ( Debreceni-Kis), physical defects ( Kis Fodor Istvan - kis"small"), different habits, and could also reflect religious affiliation.

By the 15th century original Hungarian ( Levedi, Lel), Turkic ( Cyula, Kende, Arpád, Zoltán, "sultan", Emese, Horka) and other names were almost completely replaced by Christian ones. This process began already in the 14th century, primarily among the nobles, and in the 16th century. it already included serfs. During this period it is difficult to find such non-Christian names as, for example, Farkas("wolf"), Egyed, Ban, Kalman, Sandor.

However old names as nicknames, and then as surnames they were preserved. Often the priest gave a name according to the calendar, according to the names of saints. The use of certain names depended to some extent on the influence of fashion. There were times more common among the Hungarian nobles, others among the serfs. Protestants preferred names from the Old Testament, while Catholics preferred names from the New Testament. In the 19th century, during national revival, among the progressive nobility preparing the revolution and liberation war 1848-1849, steel popular names former Hungarian princes and kings: Árpád, Zoltán, Bela, Csaba, Attila. These names in the 20th century. came to the fore among the peasants, and in the city names that were previously characteristic of peasants began to be used: Janos, Peter.

According to available data, the most common names in the 16th century. were: for men - Janos, Peter, Mihaly, István, Gyorgy, Gergely, Pal, Benedek, Andras, Balazs, Tamás, Mate, Miklos, Ferenc, Imre; among women - Anna, Katalin, Margit, Borbala, Erzsébet, Zsofia, Dorottya, Orsolya, Ilona, Krisztina, Zsuzsanna, Clara, Sarah, Fruzsina. Until the 15th century the frequency of female names is stable: Erzsébet, Katalin, Margit, Anna, Ilona, Clara, Agnes, Magda, Borbala, Skolasztika, Ágota, Dorottya, Lucia.

In the XVI-XVII centuries. the most “fashionable” male names are almost the same; but in the 18th century name comes to the fore József. There were fewer names Tamás, Benedek, And Balazs. In general, one might say that names became more monotonous at this time. In the 16th century the frequency of 27 names is higher than 1%, in the next century there are only 23. In the 18th century. The trend towards less variety is also observed among female names. The most common names are in the 16th century. 66%, in the next century - 68%, and in the 18th century. - already 75% women. This means that for 3/4 of the women a name was chosen from a group of only seven names: Erzsébet, Anna, Katalin, Zsuzsanna, Judit, Ilona, Borbala.

IN mid-19th V. The popularity of some names is gradually changing. At baptism, children receive names such as Bela, Kalman, Gejza, Laszlo, Árpád.

The bourgeoisie enriches the list of anthroponyms with names coming from the West; very often they are translated into Hungarian, for example: Gyözö(Victor), Ibolya("violet"). In the 19th century names are spreading Adel, Adolf, Albin, Alfonz, Angela, Arnold, Arthur, Berta, Blanca, Ede, Edit, Egon, Ella, Emil, Emma, Ervin, Frigyes, Gizella, Hedwig, Hugo, Ida, Irma, Kornel, Lenard, Lujza, Matilda, Olga, Robert, Vilmos.

If we compare the list of names with the previous list of names, we can say that the number of names has increased and become more proportional. It is very interesting that some names that were very common in the past are now gradually falling out of use. These are, for example, names like Gergely, Benedek, Balazs, Tamás, Mate, Marton, Balint, Samuel, Adam. Names that arose in the distant past and were renewed in the 19th century were the most popular at the turn of the last century and ours, and then were used less frequently. A more proportional distribution of names is indicated by the fact that in the 18th century. the seven most common names accounted for 71% of all anthroponyms, and at the end of the 19th century - 29%, in the middle of the 20th century - 23%.

The number of male names in the 16th-18th centuries. - about 75, and by the middle of the 20th century. 116 are already in use. List of female names of the 16th-18th centuries. was not so rich, you could only choose from 30-40 names. In the 18th century names for 75% of women were chosen from seven names. The same picture was observed at the end of the 19th century, and currently, from seven names, names are chosen for 21-22% of women. Thus, from the 16th century. the number of male Hungarian names increased by 30%, for women - from 30-40 names to 147 names. I wonder what Eva(Eva) and Zsuzsanna(Zsuzsanna) became very popular in Lately. They are followed by: Maria, Katalin, Agnes, Judit, Erzsébet, Ildikó, Ilona, Edit, Anna, Gabriella, Adrea, Marta, Erika, Magdolna, Gyongyi, Margit, Marianna, Clara.

Among Hungarians, names are often inherited from father to son, less often from mother to daughter. In general, every fourth Hungarian boy is named after his father, and among girls, every tenth boy is named after his mother. Two or three names were previously “in fashion” among royal families, then this custom passed to the nobility in the 18th century, at the end of the 19th century. Basically, the intelligentsia and employees chose a name for their children from four names.

At the beginning of the 20th century in Budapest, 15-20% of children had two names, and 1% had three names. In 1947, more than 50% of children received double names. Currently, the number of names for one person is limited by law (no more than two).

Hungarians, like the vast majority of European peoples, do not have a middle name. Therefore, as already mentioned, firstborns quite often bear the name of their father. To distinguish between father and son, sometimes the words in abbreviated form are placed before the surname ifj."junior" or id."senior", for example, ifj. Kodolanyi Janos, id. Nagy Sandor.

Other ethnic specificity; Among the Hungarians, after marriage, a woman receives her husband’s surname and first name, but with a special ending - -ne, indicating the female gender of the bearer of the name. This ending can also be added to the surname ( Veresne), and to the name, but in the latter case only when the name is preceded by the surname: Veres Péterné. This custom originated in Hungary in the second half of the 16th century.

The law also allows a combination where wives bear their husband’s surname and their own name. However, this is not a common phenomenon, since it does not make it possible to distinguish married women from unmarried women and girls (and in Hungary married woman enjoys greater social prestige. Hungarian women famous in science or art usually appear under their maiden names ( Toröcsik Mari), but often the initial letters of the husband’s surname are placed before the surname ( K. Csillery Clara, M. Kresz Maria).

I have friends, one family, they live in Romania, but are ethnic Hungarians. When we met in last time, one of their daughters was just pregnant. And then at Christmas I receive an SMS from them - well, congratulations, wishes and all that and a signature with the following text: Orshoya Istvan Zsigmond Anna Dorka. Well, Orshoya is the same pregnant woman, Istvan is her husband. Knowing that she was supposed to give birth, we make a logical assumption that she had three children - Zsigmond, Anna and Dorka. We rush as fast as we can to Romania to congratulate them and together be surprised at such a rare happy accident. But, no, on the spot it turns out that Orshoya is really Orshoya, Istvan is Istvan, Zsigmond is the surname of this same Istvan, the founder of the young family, and Anna Dorka is just double name their baby girl. The result is one child instead of three. J

It's more difficult with women. Historically, if, for example, Maria Fekete (Fekete Maria) marries Balogh Gyula , then automatically, she becomes Balogh Gyulané(wife of Gyula Balogh, “Balogsha”) and in this case, on paper, she completely loses her personal name received at baptism. Everywhere and always she is officially listed as the wife of Gyula Balogh.

Currently, if Kiss Zita marries Tamás Nagy, she can choose new surname from several options:

Leave your maiden name and call yourself Kiss Zita

or, if she takes her husband's surname, she can choose from the following:

Nagy Tamásné (see first example)

Nagyne Kiss Zita

N. Kiss Zita

Nagy Zita (Russian equivalent)

Another special nuance in this sense is the Hungarian patronymic. There is no need to laugh and claim that this simply does not exist. Yes, of course, the name of a Hungarian sounds without it, such as Petőfi Sándor, but there is still an analogue of the patronymic, and this is nothing more than the mother’s maiden name (which is indicated whenever filling out forms or during any official procedures). Father's or mother's initiative? The Magyars chose the mother's name as an identifier of family affiliation. And I completely agree with them. Mother always and under any circumstances more important than father. And if they respect this fact, then here I respect them. Period, there is nothing more to say.

I will tell you one case on this topic. One day my husband and I were traveling from Uzhgorod to Vinnitsa. My husband’s driver’s license was, naturally, in Hungarian. On the highway a policeman stopped us. He stupidly read the columns where it was indicated that the bearer of this was Budaházy Béla, well, that’s what he understood , but regarding the graph, where it was written Szabó Olga (He read Olga) - here he got stuck. He stared at the paper and, not wanting to show lack of understanding, tried to figure out on his own what Olga had to do with it and from what side to attach her to the case. But in the end I gave up and just asked. I had to explain to him that it is customary for Hungarians to refer to their mother and the entry Olga means that she is the mother of the driver and, at the same time, helps to distinguish him from many other Budahazis.

Here is summarized information from Wikipedia - a list of the most common Hungarian surnames. So, according to data provided as of 2009, with total number population is about 10 million, the surname Nagy comes first, there are 237,375 people registered in the country under this surname. Next comes the surname Kovac - 219,113 people, then Toth - 214,803 people, then Szabo - 211,064 people, after that Horvat - 200,366, Varga, Kis, Molnar and so on. In this vein, it is interesting to note that the surname Oros, that is, Russian, is borne by 16,165 people in the country.

In this regard, you can also joke about the surname VÉGH (the letter “h" is not readable), about 10,000 people bear it. But in combination with the name Béla - it is heard as Végbél - this word formation in translation means “rectum”. Despite this, thousands of people with this name and surname are registered in the telephone directory of the city of Budapest alone. What kind of parents should be to give their child such a name...

The most common female names are Maria, Erzsebet, Ilona, ​​Katalin, and male names are Istvan, Jozsef, Laszlo, Janos.

Wikipedia indicates that most Hungarian surnames were formed in the 13th and 14th centuries. However, there is one interesting detail related to this. During the war, Protestant priests helped save the lives of many Jews. They simply rewrote the registry books and gave the Jews registries with typical common Hungarian surnames. Maybe that’s why there are so many “Ivanovs, Sidorovs, Petrovs” in the country today.