Bazarov became infected. Death of Bazarov: one of the most important episodes of the novel "Fathers and Sons"

"Trial by Death"
Based on the novel "Fathers and Sons"

1. Atypical threshold situation.

2. Laws of new times.

3. Courage and fear.

In the novel by I. S. Turgenev Trial by death does not occupy a central place. However, this episode, associated with the image of Bazarov, plays an important role for understanding such an ambiguous personality as Evgeny Bazarov. When a person stands at the most important threshold of his life - death, he is faced with a situation that is atypical for him. And everyone will behave differently in this case. Human behavior in this case is simply impossible to predict. Just like you won’t be able to guess the actions of others. Ivan (Sergeevich Turgenev) managed to lift this veil.

Through Trial by death The central character of the novel, Evgeny Bazarov, passes through. It all starts with infection during the autopsy of a man who died of typhus. Unlike his son, the news causes a great shock to his father. “Vasily Ivanovich suddenly turned completely pale and, without saying a word, rushed into the office, from where he immediately returned with a piece of the hellish stone in his hand.” The father wants to do everything his own way, because he believes that his son was negligent about his wound. Bazarov's behavior is incomprehensible: either he resigns himself to his fate, or simply does not want to live.

Some critics wrote that Turgenev deliberately killed Bazarov. This personality became the harbinger of a new time. But the environment turned out to be unable not only to accept, but also to understand him. Arkady Kirsanov at first succumbs to the influence of his comrade, but over time he moves away from Evgeny. Bazarov remains alone in his views on the changing world. Therefore, we can probably agree with critics that his disappearance from the narrative is the most acceptable end of the novel.

Bazarov is a “swallow” of new ideas, but when “cold weather” appears, he, like this bird, disappears. Perhaps that is why he himself is so indifferent to his wound. "This<прижечь ранку>I wish I had done it earlier; and now, for real, the hellstone is not needed. If I got infected, it’s too late now.”

Evgeny treats his illness quite courageously and remains indifferent to all manifestations of his illness: headaches, fever, lack of appetite, chills. “Bazarov did not get up that day and spent the whole night in a heavy, semi-forgetful slumber.” The most important stage in the approach of death begins. She takes away the last of Evgeniy's strength. He comes to terms with this manifestation of the disease. In the morning he even tries to get up, but he feels dizzy, his nose bleeds - and he lies down again. Having shown the protagonist’s persistent attitude towards inevitable death, some kind of hidden humility before fate, the writer turns to his surroundings.

The father shows a lot of unnecessary worry. As a doctor, he understands that his son is dying. But he doesn’t come to terms with it. Arina Vlasevna notices her husband’s behavior and tries to understand what is happening. But this only irritates him. "Here he is<отец>he caught himself and forced himself to smile back at her; but, to his own horror, instead of a smile, laughter came from somewhere.”

Previously, both son and father only walked around the very designation of the disease. But Bazarov also calmly calls everything by its proper name. Now he speaks directly about the threshold to which life has brought him. “Old man,” Bazarov began in a hoarse and slow voice, “my business is crappy. I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me.” Perhaps Bazarov is so cold towards his infection because he considers it just an unpleasant accident. He most likely does not realize that the end has come. Although he quite clearly gives instructions to his father, who notes that his son speaks “exactly as he should.”

The red dogs that run and stand over Eugene during his delirium make him begin to think about death. "Strange!" - he says. “I want to stop my thoughts on death, but nothing comes of it.” I see some kind of spot... and nothing else.” The onset of death turns out to be a new page in the life of the protagonist. He hasn't encountered this feeling before and doesn't know how to behave. There is no test as such. After all, if we talk about the test, then only in relation to the manifestations of the disease, which Bazarov goes through steadfastly and calmly. It is possible that he himself wishes to die, since he understands that his life and ideas are not yet needed and are too radical for this world.

Before his death, Evgeny wants to see only two people - Arkady and Odintsova. But then he says that Arkady Nikolayevich doesn’t need to say anything, because “he’s now in trouble.” His comrade is now far from him, and therefore Bazarov does not want to see him before his death. And besides his friend, there is only one person left, Evgeniy’s beloved woman, Anna Sergeevna.

He is trying to return the feeling of love, so he wants to take one last look at the one who has taken a place in his heart.

However, Odintsova turns out to be not so courageous. She decided to go to Bazarov in response to his message. Bazarov's father accepts her as a savior, especially since she brought the doctor. When Odintsova finally saw Bazarov, she already knew that he was not long for life in the world. And the first impression is a cold, languid fear, the first thoughts - if she really loved him. But Eugene, although he invited her himself, reacted sarcastically to her presence: “This is royal. They say that kings also visit the dying.”

And here Bazarov’s attitude towards death is manifested in words. He considers it an old phenomenon. Perhaps he knows this better as a person who has been associated with medicine for many years. “The old thing is death, but something new for everyone. I’m still not giving up... and then unconsciousness will come and fume!”

Sarcasm remains in Bazarov’s speech. Bitter irony makes Odintsova shudder. He invited her to come, but says not to approach, as the disease is contagious. Afraid of getting infected, Anna Sergeevna does not take off her gloves when she serves him a drink, and at the same time she breathes fearfully. And she only kissed him on the forehead.

These two heroes have different approaches to the concept of death. It seems that Bazarov knows everything about her and that is why he is so calm about both her manifestation and her arrival. Odintsova is constantly afraid of something, either the appearance of the patient, or becoming infected. She does not pass the test of death, perhaps because she herself does not stand on this key threshold. Throughout his son’s illness, Bazarov’s father remains hopeful that everything will get better, although as a doctor he himself knows the consequences of such signs of the disease. Bazarov himself confirms that death occurred suddenly. He wanted to do a lot: “And I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die, no matter what! I have a task, because I’m a giant!” And now the giant’s whole task is to die, although “no one cares about this...” Trial by death Eugene passes nobly, courageously, and he remains a giant until the very last minute.

Literature lesson notes

The topic of the lesson is "Ordeal by Death." Illness and death of Bazarov. Analysis of the death episode.

The purpose of the lesson: to reveal the fortitude of the protagonist of the novel “Fathers and Sons”, his inner world, by analyzing the episode “Bazarov in the Face of Death”.

Objectives: literature novel Turgenev

• 1. Educational:
• 1. Systematization of the studied material.
• 2. Developmental:
• 1. Development of skills in analyzing an episode of a work of art.
• 2. Systematization of knowledge on literary theory.
• 3. Educational:
• 1. Fostering love for the native word.
• 2. Raising a competent, thoughtful, attentive reader.

Equipment: text of the novel, video fragment from the film “Fathers and Sons” (film adaptation of the novel by I.S. Turgenev. Director V. Nikiforov. Film studio “Belarusfilm”, 1984).

During the classes

• 1. Organizational moment. Greeting. Record the date and working (preliminary) topic of the lesson.
• 2. Teacher's words:

How do you remember the main character of Turgenev's novel? (Students name the characteristics of the main character and write them down in notebooks).Educated,Holy believes in nihilism,Strong convictions, Inner core, Flint, Winner in a dispute, Indisputable, irrefutable arguments, Brutal, Careless in clothing, The material side does not bother him, Strives to be closer to the people, raised himself, “Wonderful fellow, so simple,” Mysterious, etc.

Teacher: What is He like, Bazarov? On the one hand, he is a firm and irreconcilable nihilist who denies everything. On the other hand, he is a “scattered” romantic, struggling with the strong feeling that has washed over him - love. What qualities of Bazarov’s character are manifested in scenes with Odintsova?

Bazarov in love - capable of compromise, suffers, is mentally beautiful, admits defeat. Bazarov's individualism - exclusivity - romanticism

Teacher: How has the reader’s opinion about Bazarov changed?

Students: He has changed. I recognized the romantic in myself. He is tormented by doubts. Bazarov is trying to resist, to remain faithful to his nihilism. The reader feels sorry for Bazarov, because love brings him suffering and mental pain. His feelings and behavior are respectful.

3. Analysis of the episode “The Death of Bazarov”.

Teacher: How does Bazarov appear before death?

Before reading the episode, students should be told about Turgenev’s own attitude to death (briefly), and also pay attention to the statements of famous people about this scene in the novel “Fathers and Sons.”

A.P. Chekhov: “Oh my God! What a luxury “Fathers and Sons” is! Just shout out the guard. Bazarov's illness was so severe that I became weak, and it felt as if I had become infected from him. And the end of Bazarov? God knows how it’s done.”

DI. Pisarev: “To die the way Bazarov died is the same as accomplishing a great feat.”

Teacher: What do these statements have in common?

Students: The novel “Fathers and Sons” was written very talentedly and powerfully. Bazarov's death is not weakness, but his greatness.

Re-read the scene of the meeting between the dying Bazarov and Odintsova (Thank you, he spoke intensely... Ch. 27)

Teacher: What means of expression did Turgenev use to describe Bazarov in the death scene?

Let's make a table.

Teacher: Do you agree with the words of Pisarev and Chekhov? What new did you discover for yourself in the image of Bazarov?

Disciples: He is sincere, as in confession. Open and honest. Real. There is no need to save face or defend your position. Death doesn't care. And he is afraid of death, which denies everything, even himself. Mixed feelings: pity, respect, and pride. Bazarov in this scene is an ordinary person, not at all an unbending giant, but a soft, sensitive, loving son (how amazingly he speaks about his parents!), a loving person.

Teacher: Surprisingly, many writers foresee their death. So in the novel “Hero of Our Time” by M.Yu. Lermontov very accurately described his death in the scene of Pechorin’s duel with Grushnitsky. Turgenev also foresaw his death. Such insights in art are not so rare. Read a few quotes.

Prince Meshchersky: “Then his speeches became incoherent, he repeated the same word many times with increasing effort, as if expecting that he would be helped to complete his thought and falling into some irritation when these efforts turned out to be fruitless, but we, unfortunately , couldn’t help him at all.”

V. Vereshchagin: “Ivan Sergeevich was lying on his back, his arms were extended along his body, his eyes were looking slightly, his mouth was terribly open, and his head, thrown back strongly, slightly to the left, threw up with every breath; it’s clear that the patient is suffocating, that he doesn’t have enough air - I admit, I couldn’t stand it, I started crying.”

Ivan Turgenev, describing the death of his hero, according to his confession, also cried. There are striking coincidences between the novel and life. “Bazarov was not destined to wake up. By evening he fell into complete unconsciousness, and the next day he died.”

Turgenev put into the mouth of his hero the very words that he himself could not utter: “And now the giant’s whole task is to die decently.” The giant coped with this task.

4. Conclusions. Summarizing. Homework.

What is the novel about? About life. And its ending is life-affirming. The scene of Bazarov's death is not the denouement, but the climax of the novel. It is in this scene that we see the true greatness and sincere simplicity and humanity of Bazarov. In the death scene he is real, without feigned negligence, rudeness and brutality. Another quote to ponder.

Michel Montaigne: “If I were a writer of books, I would compile a collection describing various deaths, providing it with comments. He who teaches people to die teaches them to live.”

At the end of the lesson, watching an episode from the film adaptation of the novel by I.S. Turgenev (episode 4).

Homework: compose a report on the biography and work of F.I. Tyutchev.

The question of why Turgenev killed his hero of the novel “Fathers and Sons” - Evgeniy Bazarov - was of interest to many. Herzen said on this occasion that the author of the novel wanted to kill his hero with “lead,” that is, with a bullet, but he finished him off with typhus because he did not accept much in him. Is it so? Maybe the reason lies much deeper? So why did Bazarov die?

Why Turgenev killed Bazarov

And the answer lies in life itself, in the political and social situation of that time. The social conditions of Russia in those years did not provide opportunities for realizing the aspirations of commoners for democratic changes. In addition, they remained isolated from the people to whom they were drawn and for whom they fought. They were not able to carry out the titanic task that they set for themselves. They could fight, but they could not win. They were marked with doom. It turns out that Evgeniy was doomed to death and defeat, to the fact that his deeds would not come true. Turgenev was sure that the Bazarovs had arrived, but their time had not yet arrived.

Death of the main character "Fathers and Sons"

Answering the question of why Bazarov died, we can say that the cause was blood poisoning. He injured his finger while dissecting the corpse of a typhus patient whom he was treating. But most likely, the reasons lie much deeper. How did the hero accept his death, how did he feel about it? How did Bazarov die?

At first, Bazarov tried to fight the disease by asking his father for a hellish stone. Realizing that he is dying, he stops clinging to life and surrenders himself into the hands of death rather passively. It is clear to him that consoling himself and others with the hope of healing is in vain. Now the main thing is to die with dignity. And this means - don’t relax, don’t whine, don’t give in to despair, don’t give in to panic and do everything to ease the suffering of your elderly parents. Such care for loved ones before death elevates Bazarov.

He himself has no fear of death, he is not afraid to part with life. During these hours he is very courageous, which is confirmed by his words that he still won’t wag his tail. But his resentment does not leave him that his heroic forces are dying in vain. He demonstrates his power. Lifting the chair by the leg, weakened and fading, he says, “The strength, the strength is still here, but we must die!” He overcomes his semi-oblivion and at the same time speaks of his titanism.

The way Bazarov died looks random and ridiculous. He is young, himself a doctor and anatomist. Therefore, his death looks symbolic. Medicine and natural sciences, which Bazarov so hoped for, turn out to be insufficient for life. His love for the people turned out to be misunderstood, because he died precisely because of an ordinary man. His nihilism is also inexplicable, because now life denies him.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is one of the most remarkable writers of the 19th century. In 1860, the novel “Fathers and Sons” was published in Russia, one of Turgenev’s best works. In it he summed up his differences with Dobrolyubov - the disputes between liberals and democrats. The writing of the novel "Fathers and Sons" coincided with the most important reforms of the 19th century, namely the abolition of serfdom. The century marked the development of industry and natural sciences. Connections with Europe have expanded. Russia began to accept Western ideas. The "fathers" adhered to the old views. The younger generation welcomed the abolition of serfdom and reform.

Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov is the main character of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons.” The son of a poor district doctor, continuing the work of his father. We imagine him as smart, reasonable, rather cynical, but somewhere deep down in his soul a sensitive, attentive and kind person. Evgeniy denies everything: moral ideals and values, moral principles, as well as painting, literature and other forms of art. Bazarov also does not accept the love sung by poets, considering it only “physiology.” For him there are no authorities. He believes that every person should educate himself, without depending on anyone or anything.

Bazarov is a nihilist. He does not grimace; with all the ardor of a spiritually rich and passionate nature, he defends the views that are close to him. His main goal is “work for the benefit of society,” his main task is “to live for the great goal of renewing the world.” It can be said that Bazarov treated those around him with a significant amount of condescension and even contempt, placing them below himself, and considers the manifestation of such feelings as sympathy, mutual understanding, affection, tenderness, and sympathy unacceptable.

But life makes its own adjustments to his worldview. Fate brings Evgeny together with a smart, beautiful, calm and surprisingly unhappy woman, Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. Bazarov falls in love, and, having fallen in love, he understands that his beliefs are at odds with the simple truths of life. Love appears before him no longer as “physiology,” but as a real, sincere feeling. This insight for Bazarov, who lives and “breathes” his nihilism, cannot pass without a trace. Along with the destruction of his beliefs, his whole life collapses, losing its meaning...

Turgenev could have shown how Bazarov would gradually abandon his views; he did not do this, but simply “dead” his main character.
Bazarov's death is an unfortunate and stupid accident. It was the result of a small cut he received while opening the body of a peasant who had died of typhus. The death of the hero was not sudden: on the contrary, it gave Bazarov time, the opportunity to evaluate what had been done and realize the extent of what had not been accomplished. In the face of death, Bazarov is stoic, strong, unusually calm and unperturbed. Thanks to the author’s description of the hero’s condition, we feel respect for Bazarov, not pity. And at the same time, we constantly remember that before us is an ordinary person with his inherent weaknesses.

No one can calmly perceive the approach of the end, and Eugene, despite all his self-confidence, is not able to treat this with complete indifference. He regrets his unspent strength, his unfulfilled task. Bazarov, nothing can oppose death: “Yes, go ahead, try to deny death. She denies you, and that’s it!” Behind the hero’s statement one can clearly see the bitter regret of the passing minutes.

In the last days of his life, Evgeniy becomes kinder and more gentle. And then the forces that were once denied to him, but kept at the bottom of his soul, came to the aid of the hero. It is them who Bazarov directs to fight death. There was no longer any need to hide my “romanticism.” He longs to meet his beloved woman in order to once again confess his love to her. Bazarov becomes softer with his parents, deep down, probably still understanding that they have always occupied a significant place in his life and are worthy of a much more attentive and sincere attitude.

Bazarov devoted his entire life to the desire to benefit the country and science. And death for him is not just the cessation of existence, but also a sign that he is “apparently not needed” by Russia. The realization of this “uselessness” comes to Eugene at the very last moment and becomes the final stage in the death of his views, as well as his own death.
Bazarov has no one to convey what little he has, but the most precious thing he has is his beliefs. He has no near and dear person, and therefore no future. He does not imagine himself as a district doctor, but he also cannot become like Arkady. There is no place for him in Russia, and abroad too. Bazarov dies, and with him his genius, his wonderful, strong character, his ideas and beliefs die. True life is endless, the flowers on Eugene’s grave confirm this.

Death of Bazarov

1. Bazarov is an untimely person.

2. Bazarov’s internal state at the end of the novel.

3. Bazarov’s non-accidental departure from life.

Many writers of the 19th century addressed the problem of the “superfluous man.” This category of “superfluous people” can include such literary heroes as Evgeny Onegin, Pechorin, Rudin. Writers in their works aimed to understand what makes these people so extraordinary, how such people interact with the surrounding reality and people. And every time it turns out that at a certain moment there are loners who cannot find their place in life. They preach extravagant ideas that are incomprehensible to the average person. As a result, such people are usually rejected by the society to which they belong.

Thus, Eugene Onegin, who kills his friend in a duel for the stupidest reason, finds himself cut off from the circle in which he moved. Why does he kill Lensky? But because, unable to find a worthy occupation for himself, he begins to actively interfere in the lives of others. Pechorin unwittingly destroys the lives of “peaceful smugglers”, condemning several people to starvation. Boredom pushes them to ill-considered actions, for which complete strangers often have to pay.

The hero of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" Evgeniy Bazarov is also, to some extent, an “extra person.” But what distinguishes him from Onegin and Pechorin is that he is unusually hardworking, persistent in achieving<ении цели. Он прекрасно разбирается в естественных науках и медицине, много работает над повышением своего профессионализма. Но кроме его нигилистической теории, которая в финале романе терпит крах, у него нет никаких жизненных целей и планов. Убежденный материалист пускает на самотек свою деятельность, а также не справляется с чувством, которое прежде отвергал - с любовью к Одинцовой.

And now, after all the trials of life Bazarov came to his native village to visit his parents. Immediately after his arrival, the hero firmly told his parents not to interfere with him, and immediately plunged into work. His father and mother looked at their son reverently, did not contradict him in anything or interfere with him. But then it became noticeable that Evgeniy seemed to have begun to lose interest in work, and it seemed that a breakdown had occurred in him, which somewhere inside cast doubts that everything that the hero had previously sacredly believed in was so unshakable.

“...The fever of work disappeared from him and was replaced by dreary boredom and dull anxiety. A strange fatigue was noticeable in all his movements; even his gait, firm and swiftly bold, changed. He stopped walking alone and began to seek company; drank tea in the living room, wandered around the garden with Vasily Ivanovich and smoked with him “in silence”; I once inquired about Father Alexei.” His father was at first happy about this change in his son’s mood and behavior, but his joy was short-lived, as he realized that Bazarov’s behavior was caused by some deep, inner sadness. “Enyusha is crushing me,” he quietly complained to his wife, “he’s not just dissatisfied or angry, that would be nothing; he is upset, he is sad - that’s what’s terrible. Everything is silent, even if he scolded you and me; He’s losing weight, his complexion is so bad.”

The state of depression is natural, because Bazarov, rejecting everything and everyone, destroying everything old, does not know what can be built in the cleared place, and hopes for other people. Activities without purpose soon become boring. That's why soon enough Bazarov abandons his scientific works and falls into deep depression. Boredom and despondency force him to help his father in his medical practice. Colliding with ordinary people, peasants, helping them, Bazarov tries to at least to some extent fill the inner emptiness created as a result of the rejection of everything human in himself.

The author seems to be preparing the reader for the fact that very soon the ending of the hero’s life is about to happen, a man who is clearly “superfluous” to society, a man whose life theory could not withstand the collision with reality. And really, completely by accident Bazarov becomes infected with a fatal disease. He is a doctor and is well aware that his days are numbered, which he tells his father: “Old man,” Bazarov began in a hoarse and slow voice, “my business is crappy. I am infected, and in a few days you will bury me.”

It is absolutely clear to the reader that Evgenia is very sorry for her parents, but such is the hero that he cannot openly feel sorry for them or somehow console them. Resorting to irony Bazarov advises his father to turn to religion, although he himself has always denied belief in a higher power. He also feels sorry for his own life, which, in fact, has only just begun: “The strength, the strength,” he said, “is still here, but we have to die!... The old man, he at least managed to wean himself from life, but I... Yes, go ahead and try to deny death. She denies you, and that’s it!” The hero admitted his powerlessness before what was destined from above. He realized that there was something that would deny his views and beliefs, and despite his nihilist position, he would only have to come to terms with it.

Bazarov, before dying, before falling into unconsciousness, asks for a meeting with Odintsova. He is incredibly happy about her appearance. It seems that at this moment he is quite sincere with the one who awakened the feeling of love in the nihilist who denies high feelings. His words spoken to Odintsova at parting are truly touching: “Magnanimous! - he whispered. - Oh, how close, and how young, fresh, clean... in this disgusting room!... Well, goodbye! Live long, that's best, and take advantage while there is time. Just look at what an ugly sight this is: the worm is half crushed and still bristling. And I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I won’t die, no matter what! There is a task, because I am a giant! And now the giant’s whole task is to die decently, although no one cares about this... All the same: I won’t wag my tail.” He really managed to “die decently”; he behaved truly courageously. And it is difficult to say whether he finally lost faith in much of what he had previously believed in, but he agreed to take communion before his death. Perhaps he allowed the priest to come in order to appease his parents, who asked him to take communion, but I still think that in the terminally ill Bazarov the question could not help but arise about what awaits him there, beyond the line of life. And, like any person, he felt fear of the unknown, which is why he did not reject the priest.

In the chapter telling about the last days of the hero’s life and his death, Turgenev portrayed Bazarov as a very courageous man and, despite all his external severity, very loving of his loved ones. But the death of the hero is not accidental - I think that only by “killing” the hero could the writer prove the inconsistency of the theory of denying everything that is dear to almost all people and often constitutes the meaning of life for most people.