A fermented patriot will not drink. Who is he, this “leavened patriot”? See what “Kvass patriotism” is in other dictionaries

I'm not a knowledgeable person. I decided to find out where this nickname came from.

I turned to Internet sources (where else do inquisitive minds turn these days?) and this is what I discovered:

According to Wikipedia, leavened patriot ism is “an expression meaning false, ostentatious Russophilia. Its introduction is attributed to Prince P.A. Vyazemsky, who ridiculed the Russophiles with this cliché, who tried to flaunt their special “Russianness” and dressed up in what they considered “originally Russian” costumes, which is why they were often confused with Persians. Belinsky wrote: “I can’t stand enthusiastic patriots who always go out on interjections or on kvass and porridge” (http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvasnoy_patriotism).

Yeah, I thought. Here it is! The leavened patriot is an ostentatious Russophile. Yes, it’s probably the same in other places! And, with little hope for luck, he climbed further. And what?

In the “Russian Humanitarian Encyclopedic Dictionary” we read: “LEAVEN PATRIOTISM- patriotism based on recognition traditional forms Russian life (clothing, customs, etc.) as unconditional values. I. I. Panaev considered the first leavened patriot S. N. Glinka, editor of the magazine “Russian Herald”. One of the first to use this expression was A. N. Mukhanov (“Diary” for July 1832)” http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/rges/article/rg2/rg2-0637.htm?text=leavened patriotism).

So, I thought. What happens? The leavened patriot is not only an ostentatious Russophile. This, it turns out, is also a venerable supporter of traditional forms of Russian life. Moreover, very intelligent people were awarded this title.

In “Ushakov’s Dictionary” we find the following reference to leavened patriots - this is “stubborn, stupid adherence to the trifles of national life [the expression came into circulation in the 20s of the 19th century].” (http://slovari.yandex.ru/dict/ushakov/article/ushakov/11/us1134613.htm?text=leavened patriotism)

Well, here it is the same as in the first definition. Not interested. What else do you have?

IN "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language"I discovered: “Leave patriotism is admiration for the backward forms of life and way of life of one’s country, falsely understood as love for the fatherland” (http://mega.km.ru/ojigov/encyclop.asp?TopicNumber=12165&search=leave patriotism).

What is it, I cried?! Admiration for backward forms of life and way of life, or a respectable name for the behavior of individual intelligent people- this “leavened patriotism”?

But (finally!) turning to Jerzy Lisowski’s article helped me finally unravel the issue. Here it is (with minor abbreviations):

“...We will talk about “leavened patriots.”

This expression is used with an ironic connotation; this is the name given to people who have the most primitive judgment about real patriotism and seriously believe that by defending some insignificant national traditions, they defend the fatherland. Leavened patriotism , in essence, is one of the forms of xenophobia (intolerance to something alien, unfamiliar, foreign).

This expression appeared in early XIX century, after the outbreak of war with France. Its etymology is perhaps best described by A.S. Pushkin in historical novel"Roslavlev": " ...the living rooms were filled with patriots: some poured French tobacco out of their snuff boxes and began to sniff Russian; who burned a dozen French brochures, who abandoned Lafite and turned to sour cabbage soup... ». Sour cabbage soup then they called it nothing more than fizzy kvass.

For the first time in the press, the phenomenon of “leavened patriotism” was mentioned by Prince P.A. Vyazemsky in his “Letters from Paris”, published in 1827. “Many people recognize patriotism as unconditional praise for everything that is theirs. Turgot called it lackey patriotism, du patriotisme d'antichambre. We could call it leavened patriotism » (http://www.newslab.ru/blog/168588).

Well, thank God, I thought. This is the end of the misadventures. We can summarize:

leavened patriot - literary expression, first entered P.A. Vyazemsky, and picked up by A.S. Pushkin; it means a person who:

- loves (or pretends to love) his Fatherland;

- shows his love in public;

- excessively focuses public attention on his demonstrative patriotism;

In addition, this person usually:

- educated, but not distinguished by special talents;

- committed to the life and traditions of his ancestors.

The phrase was born in the late 20s of the 19th century as a contemptuously ironic nickname for the official, official patriotism of supporters of the policies of the Uvarovs and Benckendorffs, based on the slogan “Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality”

Author of the phraseological unit “leavened patriotism”

It has not been established exactly, but researchers are inclined towards the figure of Prince Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky - poet, literary critic, historian, translator, publicist. They refer to the prince’s own memoirs from 1878. He wrote that the aphorism was first put into circulation in his discussions about Francois Anselot’s book about Russia, published in the Moscow Telegraph in 1827: “ Many people recognize patriotism as the unconditional praise of everything that is theirs. Turgot called this lackey patriotism, du patriotisme d'antichambre. In our country we could call it leavened patriotism.”

And a note was made to this expression: “Here for the first time this comic definition appeared, which has since been and is used so often.”. The authorship of Vezemsky was also confirmed by the famous literary critic V. Belinsky. In a review of Savelyev-Rostislavich’s “Slavic Collection” he wrote: “... this witty name (“leavened patriotism”), which many fear more than the plague, was invented... by Prince Vyazemsky, - and, in our opinion, inventing the name of leavened patriotism is a greater merit than writing an absurd, even scientific, book in 700 pages"

Primary sources of the expression “leavened patriotism”

*** “Having eaten cabbage soup, drunk on kvass,
They were torn apart by patriotism.
At least two hundred and seventy-two voices,
But this civilism is safe.” (poet S. A. Sobolevsky)

*** “Some people... consider themselves patriots because they love boots and their children run around in a red shirt” (Pushkin, “Excerpts from letters, thoughts and comments”)

*** “...the living rooms were filled with patriots: some poured French tobacco out of their snuff boxes and began to sniff Russian; some burned a dozen French brochures, some abandoned Lafite and turned to sour cabbage soup. Everyone repented of speaking French” (Pushkin “Roslavlev”)

*** “They needed kvass like air” (Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”)

*** “We have a different patriot
He will shout: “Dyuquas, Duquas,
Du cucumber pickle”
He drinks and winces his heart;
Sour, salty, mauvais,
Me se Rus, e vu save:
You have to love your family,
They say, even this
Which isn’t worth a penny!” (poet I.P. Myatlev “Sensations and remarks of Mrs. Kurdyukova”)

Examples of the use of the phrase “leavened patriotism”

- “I... don’t understand leavened patriotism. At the first opportunity, I’ll run away from here without looking back, and you won’t see the tip of my nose!” (I. Turgenev to N. Nekrasov. From the memoirs of Avdotya Panayeva)

- “Reader: “...you can’t stand anything Russian, you don’t understand, or don’t want to understand - even love for the Fatherland, and you call it leavened patriotism! The writer replies: “I definitely don’t tolerate leavened patriotism, but I know Rus', I love Russia, and - even more, let me add to this - Rus' knows and loves me” (“Conversation between the Writer of Russian tales and fables and the Reader.” Preface to the novel N. Polevoy “Oath at the Holy Sepulcher” (1832)

- “...Otherwise, patriotism will be Sinism, which loves what is its own only because it is its own, and hates everything alien just because it is alien, and does not rejoice over its own ugliness and ugliness. The novel by the Englishman Morier "Hadji Baba" is an excellent and true picture similar leavened (according to the happy expression of Prince Vyazemsky) patriotism” (Belinsky)

- “I was then engaged in a newspaper controversy with the Moscow Telegraph and fermented patriotism, favorite expression this magazine was a special subject of my attacks" (N. Nadezhdin: testimony in the case of P. Ya. Chaadaev’s “Philosophical Letters”)

- “...I appeared on the Moscow stage for the first time in “The Inspector General”: I was greeted wonderfully... But during the continuation of the comedy, boos appeared here and there and I now saw the leavened patriotism of Muscovites; despite this, ours took and dug in the blood!” (from correspondence between actors N. Duras and P. A. Karatygin)

This expression was first used by Prince Vyazemsky in his “Letters from Paris”:

“Letters from Paris” was first published in 1827 in the magazine “Moscow Telegraph”, and some researchers mistakenly attribute the authorship of the expression to the editor of the magazine N.A. Polevoy.

Kvass has been widely spread in Russia since ancient times and was considered a “folk” drink. In the confrontation between Slavophiles and Westerners that flared up in the 19th century, the expression “leavened patriotism” was quickly picked up by the latter to mock their opponents. The consistent Westerner Belinsky called this Vyazemsky’s “happy expression”. In a letter to Kavelin (1847), Belinsky writes: “I can’t stand enthusiastic patriots who always go out on interjections or on kvass and porridge.”

So kvass became a “patriotic” drink and began to symbolize “indigenous”, “true” Slavs, love of fatherland and enthusiastic patriotism. It was in this context that the lines in Turgenev’s story “Two Friends” were read: “He loved kvass, in his own words, like his own father, and he hated French wines, especially red ones, and called them sour.”

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Notes

An excerpt characterizing Kvass patriotism

KVAS PATRIOTISM

KVAS PATRIOTISM

Expression leavened patriotism aptly marked social phenomenon, the opposite of true patriotism: “stubborn, stupid adherence to the everyday trifles of national life” (see Ushakov, 1, p. 1346).

The image that formed the basis of this expression, the internal form of this phrase are revealed in the following verses by the poet Myatlev, the author of “Sensations and Notes of Mrs. Kurdyukova”:

Our patriot is different

He will shout: “ duquas, duquas,

Du cucumber pickle"

He drinks and winces his heart;

Sour, salty, mauvais,

Me se Rus, e vu save:

You have to love your family,

They say, even this

Which isn't worth a penny! 109

Hinting at the same etymology of expressions leavened patriotism, leavened patriot, V. G. Belinsky wrote to K. D. Kavelin (November 22, 1847): “I can’t stand enthusiastic patriots who always go out on interjections or kvass yes to porridge” (Belinsky 1914, 3, p. 300; compare the words of Grota - Shakhmatova, 1909, vol. 4, issue 3, p. 710).

Wed. in Pushkin's Eugene Onegin:

Them kvass as air was needed.

The need for an ironic “catchword” to denote false, ostentatious official and at the same time petty “Russophilia” - in contrast to deeply felt folk patriotism - became especially acute at the beginning of the 19th century. during Patriotic War with the French and those who followed her political movements among the revolutionary-minded Russian intelligentsia.

In Pushkin’s “Roslavlev,” the newly emerged high-society patriots of this time are characterized in this way: “... the living rooms were filled with patriots: who poured French tobacco out of their snuffbox and began to sniff Russian; who burned a dozen French brochures, who abandoned Lafite and set about sour cabbage soup 110. Everyone repented of speaking French.” The same external, pharisaical patriotism is ridiculed by Pushkin in the Russian noble life of the 20-30s of the 19th century: “Some people ... consider themselves patriots because they love boots and their children run around in a red shirt” (Pushkin, “ Excerpts from letters, thoughts and comments”, 1949, vol. 11, p. 56).

P. A. Vyazemsky also fought against the hypocritical, fashionable, blind admiration of everything national, Russian (see "Moscow Telegraph", 1826, part 7, p. 185; cf. also "Moscow Telegraph", 1829, part 25, p. 129).

Wed. in V. A. Zhukovsky’s epigram:

After eating cabbage soup, getting drunk kvass,

They were torn apart by patriotism...

(Soloviev N., 2, p. 64).

To characterize such ritual patriotism and such formalists of national deanery, expressions appeared in the Moscow Telegraph in the second half of the 20s and entered into wide literary circulation in the 30s leavened patriotism, leavened patriot. They then expanded and deepened their meaning and application, becoming a sharp, contemptuously ironic nickname for both the official, official patriotism of supporters of the policies of the Uvarovs and Benckendorffs, based on the slogan “Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality,” and the reactionary populism of the Slavophiles.

Question about the author, inventor of the expression leavened patriotism still remains controversial. However, the question of the authorship of this expression is increasingly leaning towards P. A. Vyazemsky, although for his competitor, N. A. Polevoy, there are also strong chances for primary invention in this phraseological circle. M. I. Mikhelson in his collections of “current and apt words” was not interested in the time of birth and the conditions for the spread of the word. Regarding the expression leavened patriotism, leavened patriot he only noted cases of their use in P. D. Boborykin’s novel “China Town”, in “Memoirs” of the famous compiler of French-Russian and Russian-French dictionaries N. Makarov, in “Literary and Everyday Memoirs” by I. S. Turgenev and in Myatlev’s “Sensations of Mrs. Kurdyukova” (Mikhelson, Ours and Someone Else, 1912, p. 331). Thus, the earliest chronological boundary established by this material from the history of the use of expressions leavened patriotism, leavened patriot, dates back to the 40s of the 19th century.

Zaimovsky in his book “The Winged Word” (p. 179) accompanies an explanation of the expression leavened patriotism such chronological information about its origin: “For the first time the word leavened patriotism It seems to have been used by A.N. Mukhanov in July 1832, in his “Diary”. Turgenev first used it in 1852, according to Avdotya Panayeva.” These comments are without any basis. Since the expression leavened patriotism Already in the 30-40s it deeply entered the language of Belinsky and Gogol, then it was, of course, common in the language of young Turgenev. Avdotya Panaeva talks in her memoirs about such a conversation between Turgenev and Nekrasov. Turgenev extols Europeanism. "I... leavened patriotism I don't understand. At the first opportunity, I’ll run away from here without looking back, and you won’t see the tip of my nose!” Nekrasov: “In turn, you indulge in childish illusions. You will live in Europe, and you will be so drawn to your native fields and there will be such an unquenchable thirst to drink something sour, peasant kvass that you will leave the flowering fields and return back, and at the sight of your native birch, tears will appear in your eyes with joy” (Panaeva, 1928, p. 282).

In addition, there are compelling facts that decisively refute the hypothesis about Mukhanov’s participation in the creation of the expression leavened patriotism. The most serious contenders for copyright in relation to this witty saying are N.A. Polevoy and Prince. P. A. Vyazemsky. V. N. Orlov in his article “Nikolai Polevoy - writer of the thirties” writes: “Apparently, Polevoy holds the honor of inventing the catchphrase leavened patriotism; in any case, it came from the editorial office of the Moscow Telegraph and had in mind precisely that official patriotism of the Uvarovs and Benckendorffs, which found its expression in the famous triad: “Orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality”” (N. Polevoy, Materials, p. 33 ). Indeed, N.A. Polevoy used this expression more than once in the Moscow Telegraph, and in the preface to his famous novel“The Oath at the Holy Sepulcher” (1832) he uses it as his property. Here, as a preface, there is an imaginary “Conversation between the Writer of Russian tales and fables (i.e. Polev. - V.V.) and the Reader." And the reader, reproaching the writer for prejudice against everything Russian, attributes to him the expression leavened patriotism: “...you can’t stand anything Russian, you don’t understand, or don’t want to understand - even love for the Fatherland, and you call it - leavened patriotism! (p. 8). The writer, without denying his rights to this expression, answers: “ Leavened patriotism I definitely don’t tolerate it, but I know Rus', I love Rus', and - even more, let me add to this - Rus' knows and loves me” (p. 9) 111.

It is curious that even before the publication of the novel “The Oath at the Holy Sepulcher” the expression leavened patriotism appeared in ironic notes about N.A. Polevy with a clear allusion to him as the author. Phrases: leavened patriotism, leavened patriot were closely associated in the 30s with the Moscow Telegraph and, probably, with Polevoy as their inventor. Thus, in “Rumor” (1831, No. 48, p. 343) Korablinsky’s note “Curious News” was published, which contained a malicious denunciation of the liberalism of N. A. Polevoy, of the rebellious spirit of his writings: “If they are still in Russia leavened patriots who, in defiance of Napoleon, consider Lafayette to be a rebellious and sneaky man, then let them look at No. 16 of the Moscow Telegraph (on 464 pages) and be convinced that “Lafayette is the most honest, the most thorough person in the Kingdom of France, the purest of patriots, the noblest of citizens, although, together with Mirabeau, Sies, Barras, Barrere and many others, he was one of the main engines of the revolution”; let these leavened patriots They will see their error and stop slandering virtue with despicable slander! 112.

The opinion that N. A. Polevoy invented the expression leavened patriotism, held fast in some circles of the Russian intelligentsia in the 40s. N.V. Savelyev-Rostislavich in the “Slavic Collection” (St. Petersburg, 1845, p. LXXXV) ironized Polev in the following way: “The sharp-witted journalist, for the amusement of the most respectable public, especially among the uneducated merchant sons, came up with a special name leavened patriotism and regaled them with all those who disagreed with the Rhine ideas, transferred entirely to the “History of the Russian People.”

However, N.A. Polevoy himself never openly and directly declared himself the “author” of the expression leavened patriotism. Meanwhile, there is authoritative, uncontroversial evidence from people of the 20s - 30s and 40s that the honor of ingeniously finding this new word belongs to Prince. P. A. Vyazemsky. For example, V. G. Belinsky repeatedly emphasized that Vyazemsky, and not Polevoy, invented the expression leavened patriotism. Thus, in a review of Savelyev-Rostislavich’s “Slavic Collection”, Belinsky wrote: “We understand that the title leavened patriotism, By known reasons, Mr. Savelyev-Rostislavich must strongly dislike; but, nevertheless, this witty name, which many fear more than the plague, was invented not by Mr. Polevoy, but by Prince Vyazemsky - and, in our opinion, to invent the name leavened patriotism There is a greater merit than writing an absurd, albeit learned, book of 700 pages. We remember that Mr. Polevoy, who had not yet written kvass dramas, comedies and vaudevilles, very cleverly and successfully knew how to use the witty expression of Prince Vyazemsky... against all those unrecognized and self-proclaimed patriots who cover up their limitations and their ignorance with imaginary patriotism and rebel against any success of thought and knowledge. On the part of Mr. Polevoy this is a merit that does him honor” (Belinsky 1875, 9, p. 425).

Even earlier (in 1840), in an article about Lermontov’s poems, Belinsky also used the expression leavened patriotism with reference to the author - Vyazemsky: “Love for the fatherland must come from love for humanity, like the particular from the general. To love your homeland means to ardently desire to see in it the realization of the ideal of humanity and, to the best of your ability, to promote this. Otherwise, patriotism will be Sinism, which loves what is its own only because it is its own, and hates everything alien just because it is alien, and does not rejoice over its own ugliness and ugliness. The novel by the Englishman Morier “Hadji Baba” is an excellent and true picture of this kvass(according to the happy expression of Prince Vyazemsky) patriotism"(Belinsky, 1874, 4, p. 266). Wed. also in Belinsky’s review of “Works of the book. V. F. Odoevsky" (1844): "The witty and energetic pen of Prince Odoevsky would have been given a lot of material by the so-called “Slav-lovers” and “ leavened patriots“who in every living, modern human thought see the invasion of the evil, rotting West” (Belinsky, 1875, 9, p. 66). Wed. also the testimony of M.P. Pogodin in the note to the article by I. Kulzhinsky “Polevoy and Belinsky” (newspaper “Russky”, 1868, No. 114, p. 4).

It is significant that Vyazemsky himself, very proud, vain and scrupulous in the matter of patenting a pun or witticism, openly declared his authorship of the expression leavened patriotism. He indicated exactly the time, reason and conditions for the emergence of this expression. It appeared in 1827 113. It was suggested to Vyazemsky not only by Russian life, but also by French wit. In “Letters from Paris” (3, 1827), published in the “Moscow Telegraph” for 1872 regarding M. Ancelot’s book about Russia, Vyazemsky launches into the following discussion about patriotism: “Many recognize patriotism as unconditional praise for everything that is theirs.” . Turgot called it lackey patriotism, du patriotisme d'antichambre. We could call it leavened patriotism"(Vyazemsky 1878, 1, p. 244). And a note is made to this expression: “Here for the first time this comic definition appeared, which has since been and is used so often.”

In “The Old Notebook” Vyazemsky wrote, clearly implying his authorship in relation to leavened patriotism and trying unsuccessfully to outline new variations of "drinking" epithets when defining varieties false patriotism: "Expression leavened patriotism It was launched jokingly and held. There is no big problem in this patriotism. But there is also fusel patriotism; this one is destructive: God forbid from it! It darkens the mind, hardens the heart, leads to binge drinking, and binge drinking leads to delirium tremens. There is political and literary fuss, there is also political and literary delirium tremens” (Vyazemsky 1878-1896, 8, pp. 138-139; cf. Old Notebook, 1929, p. 109).

The book put into literary circulation. P. A. Vyazemsky on the pages of the Moscow Telegraph the expression leavened patriotism Naturally, many readers attributed it to the editor of this magazine, N.A. Polevoy. Moreover, N.A. Polevoy himself quickly adopted this expression from his authoritative collaborator, whose language, style and wit were so highly valued in Russian literature of the 20-30s.

N. Nadezhdin wrote in his testimony in the case of the “Philosophical Letters” of P. Ya. Chaadaev: “I led then (in 1831 and 1832. - V.V.) newspaper controversy with “Moscow Telegraph” and leavened patriotism“, the favorite expression of this magazine, was a special subject of my attacks” (quoted in: Lemke, Essays, p. 433).

Actor N. Dur noted in a letter to P. A. Karatygin (dated July 14, 1836): “... I appeared on the Moscow stage for the first time in “The Inspector General”: they were received wonderfully... But in the continuation of the comedy here and there hissing appeared and I now saw leavened patriotism Muscovites; despite this, ours took and dug in the blood!” (Karatygin, 1, p. 438).

A new, witty definition gave a figurative form to a thought that had long been seeking expression. The new phrase was quickly mastered educated society and entered the fighting verbal fund of journalistic language. Belinsky and Gogol, the great writers who played a leading role in the history of the literary Russian language from the mid-thirties to the fifties, widely used this expression. So in the article “On the lyricism of our poets” (1846), Gogol wrote about the poet’s lyrical, inspired attitude towards his homeland, towards Russia: “This is something more than ordinary love for the fatherland. Love for the fatherland would sound like feigned boasting. Proof of this is our so-called leavened patriots. After their praise, however, quite sincere, you will only spit on Russia” (Gogol 1896, 4, p. 50). And in the same article: “Due to all sorts of cold newspaper exclamations, written in the style of lipstick advertisements, and all sorts of angry, unkempt and passionate antics produced by all sorts of leavened And unleavened patriots, we in Rus' have ceased to believe the sincerity of all printed outpourings...” (ibid.).

In another article, “What, finally, is the essence of Russian poetry and what is its peculiarity?” Gogol also contrasted the real Russia with the imaginary Russia in the idea of leavened patriots: “Poetry... will bring to us our Russia, - our Russian Russia, not the one that some people rudely show us leavened patriots"(ibid., p. 212). Thus, by the 50s of expression leavened patriotism, leavened patriot deeply entered into the semantic system of the Russian literary language (cf. their use in the language of Turgenev, Dobrolyubov, Pomyalovsky and others; see examples in the words of Grot - Shakhmatov 1909, vol. 4, issue 3, pp. 7-10). It is clear that due to the spread of this catchphrase the word itself leavened, reinterpreted on the basis of the phrase leavened patriotism, has expanded its meaning. It could easily, in individual use, acquire a new semantic connotation: “false-patriotic” - or even in general: “hypocritical, ostentatious in the manifestation of one’s civic, political beliefs". Thus, Belinsky has the following phrases: “... Polevoy, who had not yet written kvass dramas, comedies and vaudevilles..." (Belinsky, 1875, 9, p. 425).

In Pomyalovsky’s novel “Molotov,” the artist Cherevanin characterizes bourgeois “young men without any content,” with their “rotten nature,” playing at liberalism and nihilism: “Their ideals are bookish, and on top of nature the ideals float like oil on water. Nothing will come of them. Best liberals..."(Pomyalovsky 1868, 1, p. 223).

There is such a use of the word leavened and in modern journalistic language. For example, in the article “Turgenev the Memoirist” by A. Beskina and L. Tsirlin (preface to “Literary and Everyday Memoirs” by I. S. Turgenev, L., 1934): “Turgenev managed to capture the features of that ideology of the official people, that government leavened Slavophilism, which was just taking shape at that time” (p. 9); “... from the refined “Westernism” of Turgenev to leavened Slavophilism Konstantin Leontyev" (p. 23).

In Russian literary language from the second half of the 19th century V. the tendency of synonymous replacement of literary phrases consisting of an adjective and a noun with colloquial new formations from the stems of the corresponding adjectives (such as: eatery, breech and so on.; Jonah, serf owner, originalist and so on.). Therefore, in familiar speech the expression leavened patriot generates a word kvasnik, acquiring an even sharper shade of disdain. The use of this contemptuous nickname in the circles of the Westernizing liberal intelligentsia is attested to by F. M. Dostoevsky. In the “Diary of a Writer” (1876, June, Chapter 2, “My Paradox”): “Isn’t it curious that those Russians who most consider themselves Europeans are called “Westerners” in our country, they are vain and proud of this nickname and still tease the other half of Russians leavers And zippers, - “Isn’t it interesting, I say, that those most likely join the deniers of civilization, the destroyers of it...”

Published in Uch. zap. Moscow ped. defectol. Institute (1941, vol. 1) along with the history of words and expressions soar, flicker, burning, topical, rub the glasses under the general title “Lexicological notes”. In addition to the printed text, a typewritten text with later author's corrections and the addition of quotations, as well as several extracts made by the author on separate sheets of paper, has been preserved. It is published here from the typewritten text with the additions made by the author, checked and clarified from the print. The archive also preserved the following extract made by V.V. Vinogradov: “At Apol. Grigoriev in “My Literary and Moral Wanderings”: “After all, Polevoy only a little later, and even then artificially, reached that level in his dramas kvass acid and the moral sweetness that prevails in Zagoskin’s novels in general” (Grigoriev A., Memoirs, p. 108).” - E. K.

109 See Myatlev, 2, p. 114 - 115. Wed. also Mikhelson, Ours and Others, p. 331.

110 Sour cabbage soup in the old days: a type of effervescent kvass prepared from wheat and barley malt, wheat and buckwheat flour, yeast and kvass grounds (Ozhegov 1989, p. 901. - Red.).

111 Wed. the same words in the speeches of Foma Opiskin in Dostoevsky’s story “The Village of Stepanchikovo and Its Inhabitants” (Part 1, Chapter 7).

112 To understand the political meaning and malicious hints of this denunciation of Polevoy, see: Polevoy K. A. Notes on the life and writings of N. A. Polevoy in the book: N. Polevoy, Materials, p. 314.

113 Dating of the appearance of the phrase leavened patriotism(20s of the 19th century), proposed in Ushakov’s dictionary (1, p. 1346), belongs to me. - IN. IN.

V. V. Vinogradov. History of Words, 2010

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Leavened patriotism- (Old Slav. - kvass) - a moral and ethical personality trait that expresses excessive love for everything domestic and dear. It manifests itself as upholding the superiority of anything native, despite obvious shortcomings, as exaltation... ... Fundamentals of spiritual culture ( encyclopedic Dictionary teacher)

Leavened patriotism. Leavened patriots (foreigners) about excessive love for everything that is native, even bad, and a unique understanding of true patriotism. Wed. He often said: that’s what newspapers are for, to mix reality with fable. In the article named... ... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary (original spelling)

- (foreign language) about excessive love for everything one’s own, dear, even bad, and about a peculiar understanding true patriotism Leavened patriots. Wed. He often said: that’s what newspapers are for, to mix up reality with fables. His name was not in the article, but there were hints... ... Michelson's Large Explanatory and Phraseological Dictionary

leavened patriotism- disapproved falsely accepted love for the fatherland, indiscriminate praise of everything that is one’s own and censure of what is foreign. There are two versions of the origin of the turnover: 1. Originally Russian turnover. The first to use it in “Letters from Paris” (1927) was P. A. Vyazemsky: “Many... ... Phraseology Guide

Leavened patriotism- patriotism, fundamentals. on the recognition of traditions. Russian forms everyday life (clothing, customs, etc.) as unconditional values. I. I. Panaev considered S. N. Glinka the first leavened patriot, ed. and. Russian Bulletin. A. N. was one of the first to use this expression... ... Russian Humanitarian Encyclopedic Dictionary More details eBook

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– a short, straight-to-the-target ironic definition for pseudo-patriots. We owe the appearance of this apt expression to A. S. Pushkin’s friend, poet Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky, who wrote:

Many people recognize patriotism as the unconditional praise of everything that is theirs. Turgot (French statesman XVIII century) called it lackey patriotism... We could call it leavened patriotism.

Yes indeed, kvass in Rus' it is a national drink and stands on a par with such symbols of Russia as felt boots, vodka, matryoshka, ruble, Kremlin... Kvass was widespread among the masses Russian people- peasants, townspeople, merchants and even landowners.

In the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin” we read a description of the life of the Larin family:

On Trinity Day, when people

Yawning, listens to the prayer service,

Touchingly, at the dawn,

They shed three tears;

They needed kvass like air,

And at their table there are guests

They carried dishes according to rank.

So, it would seem, there should be nothing shameful in such a comparison - kvass is a wonderful drink, there is no harm from it, sheer pleasure, all the people like it... Where then does the note of disdain come from in the expression “kvass patriotism”?

The point, of course, is not the kvass itself, but the fact that it is not appropriate to define the “self-determination” of the people, the state and love for the fatherland only according to the primitive rule: long live what we like, we, they say, are not like others, that's why we're better than everyone else, and so on.

Fine leavened patriotism Wikipedia interprets:

“Leave patriotism is excessive love for everything that is native, no matter how bad, and a unique understanding of true patriotism: stubborn, stupid adherence to the trifles of national life.”

Every country has things that are its symbols in the eyes of both its residents and foreigners. Germany - beer and sausages. England - oatmeal and pudding. France - wine and women. Spain - bullfighting. Türkiye - Turkish baths. Finland - saunas. Russia is a Russian steam bath that has existed as long as Russia itself has existed. The Russian bathhouse, by the way, is much older than such imported symbols of Russia as vodka(read V. Pokhlebkin History of vodka), harmonic- the middle of the century before last, matryoshka(1890s...) Even a poor person could install a chopped bathhouse for himself, and in general, it is simply impossible to imagine our country without bathhouses!

True patriotism does not consist in praising one's own and blaspheming someone else's. A true patriot one who loves his fatherland and tries to work for its good and prosperity. At the same time, he may or may not like kvass. Great drink kvass this won't hurt you!

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