The meaning of the story is the red flower garshin. Story B

On the symbolic meaning of the red flower in story of the same name Garshin has written a lot. The red flower in the story is the embodiment of evil, but we must not forget that the flower embodies evil only in the imagination of an unfortunate madman. The hero calls the flower Ahriman, (Ahriman is the personification of the forces of evil, the deity of darkness and the underworld, often identified in Christianity with Satan) who has taken on a “modest and innocent appearance.” A feat is a heroic, selfless act. The madman accomplished a feat. He overcame evil at the cost of his life, and gave his all to others. Garshin expressed his admiration for the beauty of “self-sacrifice and heroism” and the romance of heroism. “Red Flower” is Garsha’s hymn to the “madness of the brave.” This is where his deepest philosophical meaning. In Garshin, the drama of action is replaced by the drama of thought, revolving in the vicious circle of “damned questions”, the drama of experiences, which are the main material for Garshin. It is necessary to note the deep realism of Garshin’s manner. His work is characterized by precision of observation and definite expression of thought. He has few metaphors and comparisons; instead, he uses simple designations of objects and facts. A short, polished phrase, without subordinate clauses in descriptions. Wide coverage social phenomena Garshin did not succeed. He could not depict the big outside world, but the narrow “his own.” And this determined all the features of his artistic style. All his work is permeated with deep pessimism. The significance of Garshin is that he knew how to acutely feel and artistically embody social evil.

51. Hardy's work. "Tess of the D'Urbervilles"

Hardy is the last of the Victorian era. Hardy published his first two novels, Desperate Remedies and Under the Green Tree, or the Mellstock Chorus, anonymously. In 1874, the novel Far from the Madding Crowd was published, which made Hardy famous writer. In total, Hardy published twenty-five titles - novels, collections of stories and poems. He dedicated most of his novels and stories to peasants. Describing the tragic fate of his heroes, Hardy exposes the social basis of psychological conflicts and opposes deadening moral standards victorian era. But turning to the contradictions of reality, Hardy sees no way to resolve them. Reality suppresses the writer, which determines the general tragic tone of his works. The strongest side of Hardy's work is the analysis of tragic conflicts and descriptions of English life. In the field of language, he continues the traditions of the English classics and belongs entirely to 19th century. In Tess of the D'Urbervilles, an honest woman, having committed a crime for her happiness, dies on the scaffold. Hardy's heroine is endowed with a rare charm; her image especially touches the reader. In the joys and sufferings of the female soul, fiery and selfless, but easily vulnerable, defenseless against brute force. Both his enthusiasm, clouded by sadness, and the bitterness and indignation that overwhelmed him were expressed. Many English novelists, Hardy's predecessors, wrote about the fall of woman, making bitter observations that awakened the conscience and stirred thought. However, none of them connected so many glaring questions with this topic, did not touch a sore spot so sharply, did not express such a harsh reproach to society. He deliberately called Tess a “pure woman” and declared that he was telling only the truth. Tess is a tragic character. However, neither passion nor strong-willed aspiration, breaking down obstacles and confronting conflicting interests, controls her. Mental purity– a captivating and harmless quality – this is its pathos. She is ready to suffer, endures all the hardships of fate without complaint, does the hardest work, and endures ridicule. Tess of the Urbervilles is a classic novel of tragedy and loss. Love and crime are intricately intertwined in the fate of young Tess, a poor heiress of an ancient family, doomed to the role of a kept woman - and ready to change this fate at the cost of her own life.

V. Garshin’s story “The Red Flower” tells the story of a heroic struggle - the struggle of the protagonist against universal evil. The embodiment of this evil for the madman was a bright red flower - the poppy flower.
It would seem, how can this beautiful plant remind of something terrible and evil? But the thoughts of a madman cannot be explained logically. In addition, the author emphasizes that evil is often beautiful on the outside, but this makes its essence more terrible.
So, the hero, who ended up in a madhouse, decided that the poppy bushes growing in the hospital garden contained all the world’s evil: this flower “absorbed all the innocently shed blood (that’s why it was so red), all the tears, all the bile of humanity. It was a mysterious, terrible creature, the opposite of God, Ahriman, who took on a modest and innocent appearance.” And the hero decided that he needed to destroy this plant at all costs, otherwise, otherwise the whole world would perish.
This man decided to sacrifice his life for the lives of others. For several days he hid poppy flowers on his chest so that the poisonous fumes would only affect him and not those around him. As a result, the hero dies - from exhaustion, physical and moral, which, of course, were a consequence of his mental illness.
But, it seems to me, this tragic story the author wants to say that the world is beautiful for those madmen who are able to give their lives for the good of others. Thanks to them, fundamental changes are made, thanks to them, global catastrophes are prevented. Of course, such people are not always right in everything, but without them life on earth is impossible.

(No ratings yet)

Other writings:

1. Red Flower Most famous story Garshina. While not strictly autobiographical, it nevertheless absorbed personal experience a writer who suffered from manic-depressive psychosis and suffered an acute form of the disease in 1880. A new patient is brought to the provincial psychiatric hospital. He is violent, and the doctor Read More......
2. Flower In this poem, the hero, a calm, focused person, sits with a book in his hand and between its pages there is a bookmark - a dried flower. The hero's discovery made me think deeply and immerse myself in thought. He was interested not only in the dried flower itself, but also in how many people Read More......
3. One of the main directions of A. S. Pushkin’s creativity is philosophical lyrics. The poet is concerned with eternal human questions: about good and evil, about the moment and infinity, about meaning human life. He is interested not only in his own feelings and experiences, but also inner world Read More......
4. Platonov's story “ Unknown flower” poses an important question to readers - what can each of us do to make sure there are fewer voices around asking for help? The content of this work forces us to reflect on the problem posed. Main character story - a small flower that grew up Read More ......
5. I consider lily of the valley a miracle of nature. Each individual flower is a masterpiece that can be admired and admired. Perfectly shaped yellowish-white bells on a thin green stem rising among fairly wide, elongated leaves. It seems that touch them and they will ring thinly, gently, announcing Read More......
6. A. S. Pushkin has amazing poem- "Flower". It is small - consists of several stanzas. The plot of the poem is simple: lyrical hero found in old book a flower dried and forgotten by someone. And these petals that had lost their colors raised a whole Read More ......
7. Flower The poem “Flower” was written by Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky in 1811. The sight of a withered flower, which the author calls the momentary beauty of the fields, lonely and devoid of its former charm, gives rise to reflections in his heart about his life. After all, like the hand of autumn, cruelly depriving a flower of its beauty, Read More......
8. The story was written based on newspaper reports and the memories of eyewitnesses about Russian-Japanese war. L. Andreev showed the “madness and horror” of any war through the irrational image of the Red Laughter, created by the morbid fantasy of the main character, who is constantly in mental tension. Pay attention to the verbs, Read More......

Lesson objectives:

1. Using the example of studying the story “Red Flower”, reveal the concept of “image-symbol”.
2. To develop the ability to analyze a text and understand its ideological and thematic meaning.
3. Contribute to the formation of a personal position, education moral qualities: compassion, humanity.

1. introduction teachers. Working with an epigraph.

We read V. Garshin’s story “The Red Branch”. At the last lesson we found out that he made a great impression on everyone and left no one indifferent. Today in class we will continue to discuss what we read, try to comprehend the ideological and thematic content and answer a number of questions.

The first question is hidden in the epigraph. Let's read it.

The Man in the Red Flower
more world evil, which
challenges though the price
his victories are life.

IN AND. Porudominsky

"Red flower"

Try to formulate a question. (What is world evil?)

Problematic question (written on the board):

Analyzing the story, you will also have to prove what kind of work it is - social, ridiculing strange impulses people, or philosophical, making us once again think about the complexity of life.

In addition, today in class we will introduce a new literary concept. And of course, everyone will draw their own conclusion from what they read.

We settled on the fact that you all have sympathy for the hero. Even the author, because... He very expressively, in detail, to the point of horror, describes both the mental and physical state of the patient.

2. Conversation on issues. Work with text.

What actions indicate that the hero is a sick person, and what indicates that he is consistent in his actions?
- Describe the image of the doctor. How does his description compare with the patient's description?
- What adjectives does the author use to describe him?
- Why does the hero think that the doctor is doing evil?
-Who else does the patient oppose himself to? What sets him apart from other patients and from the doctor?
- With what feeling does the author describe the doctor? Explain the reason for the hostility.
- What is the problem that the patient is trying to solve? What is the hero thinking about? (Unlike other patients, he has a thought!)
- Find a description of the colors. How do you imagine the flowers with which the hero fights?
- How do they seem to him?

So, red poppies became a symbol of evil for the hero of the story.

Let's work with the concept of “symbol”. (Checking homework: students talk about the origin of the word “symbol”)

What symbols do you know? (road signs, bread and salt - a symbol of hospitality, a book, a globe - a symbol of knowledge, a dove - a symbol of peace).
- Conclude why the hero sacrifices his life?
- Remember, the hero of which work of foreign literature also fought against evil, and he was also considered crazy? (“Don Quixote” by M. Cervantes)

Is the idea of ​​saving the world nonsense? And everyone who is ready to sacrifice themselves for the well-being of others is crazy? Is this a problem for one person or for the whole society?

Determine the theme of the story. (Theme of resisting evil).
- And comparing it with A.S. Pushkin’s poem “Anchar” will help us determine the idea of ​​the work.
- What does Anchar symbolize? Anchar is the tree of death, poison, the embodiment of evil.

Examination individual assignment: the student reads by heart the poem “Anchar” by A.S. Pushkin, gives a brief literary commentary.

3. Conclusion on the lesson.

So, evil has always existed: in ancient times (remember the myths Ancient Greece), both in the time of Pushkin and in our time.

Conclude what idea the author wanted to convey to us? (evil must be resisted, evil must be fought)

And if you remember the time in which Vsevolod Garshin lived, then it probably becomes clear what prompted him to write this story. We talked about the reign Alexandra III, about his transformations, which were called “counter-reforms,” and that their successful implementation was due to the absence in Russian society of forces capable of creating opposition to government policies. Garshin was worried about the inaction, the lack of resistance. He talks about this in his story, which is why the following words were spoken about him:

You lived your life sadly.
The sick conscience of the century
She made you her herald...

Now answer the questions written on the board. What is the relevance of this story?
- What are its problems – philosophical or social?

4. Homework.

Homework. Give a detailed answer to the question: “Why did evil appear to the patient in the form of a red flower and why does the hero not regret his life in the fight against evil?”

Garshin Porudominsky Vladimir Ilyich

"RED FLOWER"

"RED FLOWER"

A thunderstorm was beating over the city. Bright, swift lightning crossed out the black sky. It seemed to the man that sharp arrows of lightning were flying straight into the old two-story house.

The house groaned under the blows of the wind. The glass was humming. The man was standing at the window. Lightning flashed already very close - in the garden; they rustled in the thick foliage of old maples. The peals of thunder merged into a continuous roar.

The man couldn't stand it anymore. He felt: another moment - and lightning would pierce the house. People lived in the house, the man loved them. He was obliged to save them.

He opened the window. Wind and rain rushed into the room. It immediately became cold. The man tore his shirt. He put a long stick out the window. The end of the stick was pressed tightly to his bare chest. Lightning was supposed to strike him, burn his heart. At the cost of his life, a man wanted to save people from death...

The patient picked a flower. “All the evil of the world gathered into this bright red flower... It was necessary to pick it and kill it. But this is not enough - it was necessary to prevent him from pouring out all his evil into the world when he died. That's why he hid it on his chest. He hoped that by morning the flower would lose all its strength. His evil will pass into his chest, his soul, and there he will be defeated or victorious - then he himself will perish, die, but he will die as an honest fighter and as the first fighter of humanity, because until now no one has dared to fight all the evil of the world at once ... "

The man who exposed his heart to lightning was Garshin. The man who sacrificed his heart to kill all the world's evil was a nameless He- the hero of Garshin’s “Red Flower”.

Everyone has it great writer there is a work without which it is unthinkable. Garshin is unthinkable without “Red Flower”.

Garshin reported about the work on “The Red Flower”: “something fantastic comes out, although in fact it is strictly real...” Against the background of a strictly real description madhouse (the story “dates back to the time of my stay at Saburova’s dacha,” Garshin admitted) a bright, exciting topic- the fruit of Garshin's fantasy.

But it is no coincidence that “Red Flower” became one of the favorite works of his contemporaries. They read in it not only a “psychiatric study”, like Dr. Sikkorsky, and a “pathological study” that is not far from objectivity, like other critics; contemporaries saw in the story “something in which one must look for allegory, lining, something large, commonplace, which does not fit into the framework of one or another special science” (Mikhailovsky).

Looking for allegories does not mean carefully removing the masks from the characters and declaring: “Under the guise of such and such, such and such was hiding,” “With this scene the author wanted to say this and that”... Looking for allegories means, without dismembering or distorting the work, to hear there is “the music of time” in it, to feel the ideas and environment in which it was born, to see the general behind the particular. This is exactly how Vladimir Ilyich Lenin read, heard, and felt Chekhov’s “Ward No. 6”: “I had such a feeling, as if I were locked in Ward No. 6.”

In the name of His Imperial Majesty, Sovereign Emperor Peter the Great, I announce an audit of this madhouse!

The story opens with these words. They contain the character of the hero and the program of his activities.

Not at Garshin’s whim, but due to the logic of his hero’s thinking, the stone walls of the hospital lose their meaning: they no longer separate a handful of madmen from the outside world. For Garsha’s hero, the whole world fits within the walls of a madhouse (“the hospital was inhabited by people of all times and all countries”). The world needed to be revised. This means, by the way (let’s look at Dahl’s dictionary!), “to consider, by law, the order and legality of affairs.” There was no order in the world; there was lawlessness all around. The time has come to act. “All of them, his comrades in the hospital, gathered here to carry out a task that vaguely seemed to him like a gigantic enterprise aimed at eliminating evil on earth.”

Like all of Garshin’s heroes, the hero of “The Red Flower” understood that the world was poorly organized. Burning questions have been raised - they need to be resolved. Unlike many of Garshin’s heroes, the hero of “The Red Flower” took on this. The path he chose was struggle. Selfless struggle: victory or death.

Garshin struggled. Thoughts about injustice, violence, and lies tormented the soul of the wounded Ivanov and the “coward,” Ryabinin and Nadezhda Nikolaevna. Their weapon is denial. They do not accept, deny evil and thereby affirm good. The hero of “The Red Flower” directly fights evil.

The madman from “The Red Flower” is richer than Garshin’s other heroes. He not only felt and understood how not to live. He crossed the line. He learned how to live. One must live as an honest fighter.

The evil is enormous. A red flower, like anchar, is capable of infusing everything around with its poison. Someone must give himself to the fight, die, destroying evil. An honest fighter would have no future if it weren't for him last fighter. He's the last one. And if he dies, does it matter? He is already looking into tomorrow. It is beautiful - the tomorrow of humanity. “Soon, soon the iron bars will fall apart, all these imprisoned ones will come out of here and rush to all the ends of the earth, and the whole world will tremble, throw off its old shell and appear in a new, wonderful beauty.” It was worth fighting and dying for. And let there be no more last fighter - this is his tomorrow too!

The feeling of the future, the thought of universal happiness - this is what distinguishes the hero of “The Red Flower” from the proud palm tree. Palma did everything she could, but it was not enough. Palma broke the bars of her prison, but outside the walls of the greenhouse there was a cold wind and wet snow fell. Palma won, but did not see victory.

The madman made the great sacrifice when “everything is ready,” when the world is ready for renewal, when the hour of an incredibly difficult and cruel, but last struggle. Dying, he did not utter the sorrowful “Just that?” He died proud and happy. After him there remained a world already renewed by the feat. His feat. His victory will not be blown away by cold winds, nor will light rain and snow wash away. The hero of “The Red Flower” is richer than Garshin’s other heroes. He not only knew how to live. He knew how to die.

A decade and a half later, the brave Falcon died just as anxiously and calmly: “I lived a glorious life!.. I know happiness!.. I fought bravely!..” Maxim Gorky sang a song to the madness of the brave.

In a poor lot, unknown,

Working tirelessly for a century,

You performed an honest feat,

And to your gloomy, cramped shelter

You came down with the indestructible

Passionate faith in the ideal!

Pleshcheev was applauded for a long time. The gray-bearded poet waved his hand to the audience and, satisfied, left the stage.

Following the old man Pleshcheev, the very young Merezhkovsky appeared on stage and in several beautiful poems explained to everyone that he was alien to people and had little faith in earthly virtue, that life was boring and, in general, there was no point. They clapped for him too.

Garshin went out onto the stage, sat down at the table, and opened the book.

- "Red flower".

The audience responded with an ovation. Garshin raised his head and slowly looked around the raging hall. It's quiet. He started reading.

In the heavily silent timelessness, words rolled out in explosions.

- ...If not today, then tomorrow we will measure our strength. And if I die, does it matter...

Sitting in the hall were people from the recent seventies who had seen a lot. Before their eyes, a selflessly selfless tribe of heroes was born and died. Now a majestic requiem for these heroes sounded. A beautiful wreath was laid on the graves of those who were tortured and executed - it was now forbidden to lay wreaths on these graves.

-...Soon, soon the iron bars will fall apart... and the whole world will shake...

The young people were sitting in the hall. They thought not about the past - about the future. Tomorrow was already calling them.

-...How much strength do I need, how much strength!..

The young people needed a lot of strength. They still had to grapple with evil in the name of the beauty of the renewed world.

-...There will be a final struggle...

And who knows, maybe here in the hall there were those who actually had the chance to participate in the last, decisive battle.

...Twenty years after the appearance of “The Red Flower,” Leonid Andreev wrote the story “Thought.” “Superman” Kerzhentsev, an egoist and a murderer, is trying to understand whether he is mad or not. And the further we read Kerzhentsev’s confession, the more his indifference, hostility, contempt, hatred for people is revealed to us, the clearer the answer to the question - yes, he’s crazy! Only a madman could come up with the idea of ​​destroying humanity and creating his own ugly world, “in which everything obeys only whim and chance.”

Garshin is strictly real. He immediately says that the hero of “The Red Flower” is mad. But the Garsha madman is obsessed with love for people. For their happiness he gives his life. His dream is a renewed world filled with harmony. And we forget about the madness of an honest fighter. He is our friend and like-minded person.