Genji Japan. See what "The Tale of Genji" is in other dictionaries

A lot of both ordinary young men and already experienced athletes dream of becoming professional football players. Where to start achieving this goal?

First you just need to become a good football player.

Play in small matches - school, district, city.

How to become a professional football player

Some advice from famous athletes for beginners:

  1. You need to not be afraid to play - feel confident on the field and not worry about possible mistakes, because they learn from mistakes.
  2. Taking a penalty is an important skill for a football player. Learn to score - such a player is useful to the team.
  3. Learn not to look at your feet - dribble the ball and see what is happening on the field.
  4. Don't forget that football is team game. Learn to feel the game and your partners, play for them and then they will play for you.

But for professional sports it is very important to play football from childhood - the likelihood of playing famous clubs increases many times. Therefore, if your child really likes to play football, it is quite possible that in the future he will be able to combine his hobby with a job that will bring in good income.

What does it take to become a football player?

  1. Health. Health comes first, because if in childhood a child is weak and often gets sick, this affects the quality of play and endurance during training. For big sport you need to be healthy and strong. Before sending your child to the football section, you need to undergo a medical examination and then regularly visit doctors to get checked and keep your body in good shape.
  2. Routine. It is very important to plan your time so that you have enough for both training and good sleep. You should also not forget about proper nutrition for athletes, which will help you stay healthy and be the foundation for muscle growth.
  3. Workout. You need to train a lot and persistently and remember that every workout is another step on the rise to the top. For them to be effective, you need an experienced, specially trained coach who will help you determine which skills are more developed - speed, reaction or a strong blow - and tell you who to be on the field.

In football there are the following positions:

Goalkeeper - you need to be tall (at least 185 cm), strong legs for instant reaction and jumping ability, have a strong nervous system- be calm and confident.

Fullback - must be good speed and sharpness, physical strength and heading skills.

Central defender - one of the main requirements in professional football for a defender - high growth and heading. Instant speed and smart tactics.

Wide midfielder - good transfer ball, speed and dribbling technique. It is important to be resilient and play equally with both feet.

Defensive midfielder - intransigence, tenacity, sharpness, heading - the main parameters of the position.

Attacking midfielder - you need sharpness, a good shot, a high and low pass. Game tactics, understanding and high technique are required.

Forward - you need initiative, courage, it is important to be able to take charge of the game. It is necessary to have a strong blow, high speed, and a scoring instinct.

After you have decided which position is best suited, you need to to a greater extent develop the necessary skills. It is useful to jog a lot to develop endurance, stretch - good stretching gives speed, learn to play in a team, develop game tactics.

How to become a good football player

  • Motivation and self-development are needed. The path to the top of the sport takes more than one year, so you need to stock up on enormous endurance and always remember where you are going, and not stop on the way to achieving your goal.
  • Remember - missed training is a step back. Big sport does not accept the weak.
  • You need to love football, go to games of other teams, watch professional football players play, find your idol who will inspire you before every training session.
  • Useful in free time read literature about football, about great players, get acquainted with the history of football, trace the development of this game.
  • Imbued with the philosophy of football and the desire to play, as Ronaldo did.

How Ronaldo became a professional footballer

The first gift to him from his father was a soccer ball, from which the little three-year-old child did not leave a single step.

At the age of 8, Ronaldo joined the Nacional club.

The boy grew up, honed his skills in street matches and at the age of 12 beat adult defenders.

When he was 11, he became a student at the Sporting academy, where there were no loved ones - just him and training.

For three years, the future champion brought the ball to the main team, was on the bench, until one day he was released 20 minutes before the end of the game on the field, where he scored his first debut goal!

After this match, the footballer began training with the main team, and at the end of the first season he was invited to Manchester United.

The path to the top was not easy - he was mocked for his accent, he missed his family, but his love for football and patience already at the age of 17 made Ronaldo the highest paid young football player in Britain.

The main thing is to play from the heart, remember the four components of success on the path to professional football, and then a coach or agent will notice you, and a contract with a famous football club will not keep you waiting.

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The brief respite ended, and events in Once again rushed with hurricane speed. In Konoha, the seeds of old strife sown by the first Hokage are sprouting again. The mysterious Akatsuki leader has set in motion a plan for world domination. There is turmoil in the Sand Village and neighboring countries, old secrets are resurfacing everywhere, and it is clear that someday the bills will have to be paid. The long-awaited continuation of the manga inspired new life into the series and new hope into the hearts of countless fans!

© Hollow, World Art

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    © Hollow, World Art

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    Added series 23β, which is alternative ending and leading to continuation in SG0.
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  • Structure of the work

    The work consists of 54 chapters. The chapter “The First Green” has two parts, while the chapter “Hiding in the Clouds” is known only by its title. Established practice divides the novel into three parts:

    1. Chapters “Pavilion Pavilion” - “Wisteria Leaves” (33 chapters). The story of Genji's life from childhood to adulthood. Having overcome difficulties, Genji reaches highest degree power
    2. Chapters “First Greens” - “Magician-Taoist” (8 chapters). The story of Genji's old age, ending with the hero's death.
    3. Chapters “The Fragrant Prince” - “The Floating Bridge of Dreams” (13 chapters). The Tale of the Heirs of Genji, the main character which is Ukifune.

    The division is based not only on the content of the parts, but also on differences in style and method of presentation, which has given rise to doubts that the author of the work was one person. IN different times the work was divided in different ways, for example, the "Uji Chapters" were considered both one chapter and ten separate chapters. The question in what order the chapters should be arranged has not yet been clearly resolved. This is because the plots of the chapters are often unrelated to each other, and it is difficult to arrange the novel in such an order that it does not contain chronological or other contradictions. Researchers found that individual chapters are key ( moto no maki), with the help of them a stable plot of the work is built, and others are side chapters ( Nami no Maki). Side chapters can delve deeper into the main chapter, revealing its content in more detail, or they can serve as a continuation of the storyline being told.

    Plot

    The basis of the story is the love biography of Prince Genji, the emperor’s bastard son.

    Monogatari is a combination of three genres: painting, poetry and prose. The monogatari scroll consisted of drawings and explanations for them. Readers unfolded the scroll (horizontally) and looked at the pictures while reading the explanations. Probably, initially monogatari could have been similar to manga, that is, there was much less text than drawings. However, nothing particularly plausible can be said about monogatari, since not a single story has survived in its original form. Now famous texts taken from much later copies, which were most likely also copied.

    The novel is a chain of short stories, each of which sets out a separate episode from Genji’s personal life. The author, with great tact, maintains the pose of an imperturbable biographer, alien to moralization or idealization. Over the course of 44 parts (the entire novel consists of 54 parts), the hero, with an exquisitely bored look, conquers all the women he comes across, starting with the pliable high-ranking ladies and ending with the palace maids. This love martyrology gives the author the opportunity to show the gallery female types Heian court world. The hero is not endowed with particular discernment: from his father’s concubine he goes to a young maid of honor, then to a lady whose “nose is large and red, disgusting, like an elephant’s,” then to a high-ranking 58-year-old old woman and even tries to seduce his adopted daughter - teenager The novel is purely realistic, the plot develops very slowly (this is facilitated by the language of the novel - the cutesy, ceremonial language of the ladies-in-waiting of that time). Everyday life Heian aristocrats and the idle, decadent atmosphere of the palace quarter are conveyed with great and exquisite skill.

    Scene

    • 1 - Gate of Triumphant Justice (Yugimon)
    • 2 - Gate of Hidden Light (Immeimon)
    • 3 - Gate of Valiant Virtue (Butokumon)
    • 4 - Chambers of Sudden Aromas (Xihoxia), home of the court ladies, heads of the Right Imperial Personal Guard
    • 5 - Chambers of Frozen Flowers (Gyokasha), house of the court ladies
    • 7 - Chamber of Flying Fragrances (Higyosya), home of empresses and concubines
    • 9 - Palace of Future Coolness (Koryoden), home of high-ranking concubines
    • 10 - Gate of Crowned Rest (Kianmon)
    • 11 - Palace of Ascent to Flowers (Tokaden), home of the empress and best concubines
    • 12 - Palace of Generous Rewards (Kokiden), home of the most powerful concubines
    • 13 - Palace of Pure Coolness (Seiryoden), home of the emperor
    • 14 - Archives Palace (Kyoseden), Imperial Archives
    • 15 - Palace of Calm Happiness (Ampukuden), house for healers
    • 16 - Gate of Eternal Peace (Eyammon)
    • 17 - Gate of Mysterious Shine (Genkimon)
    • 18 - Palace of Contemplation of True Purity (Jōganden), house for officials - guardians of the women's chambers
    • 19 - Palace of Eternal Peace (Joneiden), home to empresses and best concubines
    • 20 - Palace bestowing aromas (Jokyoden), place of feasts, tournaments and music playing
    • 21 - Palace of Virtuous Old Age (Jijuden), place of feasts, sumo competitions
    • 22 - Shishinden (Palace of Purple Chambers), the main building of the palace complex
    • 25 - Gate that bestows light (Shomeimon)
    • 26 - Gate of Calm Joy (Ankimon)
    • 27 - Palace of Revealed Splendor (Sen'yoden), house of concubines
    • 28 - Palace of Scenic Views (Reikeiden), home of empresses and best concubines
    • 29 - Palace of Patterned Silks (Ryokiden), storage of utensils and clothing
    • 30 - Palace of Blessed Light (Giyoden), repository of valuables, meeting place
    • 31 - Palace of Spring Joy (Shunkyoden), weapons and ammunition storage
    • 32 - Gate of Long Joy (Terakumon)
    • 33 - Northern chambers of light landscapes
    • 34 - Chambers of bright landscapes (Shigeisa), home of less powerful concubines
    • 35 - Northern chambers of reflected light
    • 36 - Chambers of Reflected Light (Syosha), home of the concubines, the crown prince
    • 38 - Palace warm light(Ummeiden), repository of imperial regalia
    • 39 - Gate of Joyful Light (Kayomon)
    • 40 - Gate of Revealed Light (Sen'yōmon)
    • 41 - Order Establishment Gate (Enseimon)

    Novel style

    The author’s achievement is the style of the novel - barely noticeable accents, elusive and elusive feelings, every thought seems to pass through a sieve of court etiquette, and meanwhile Murasaki Shikibu creates visible and rich images, and her attitude towards them (not directly expressed anywhere) is obvious to the attentive reader. In the novel great amount poems, which is associated with the great importance of poetry in the life of the Heian aristocracy, when the Japanese pentaverse - tanka - defeated Chinese models and became the basis of personal correspondence, flirtation, rivalry, grief, philosophical reflections. In those days, the beauty of a lady, hidden from view by many screens and curtains, was judged by the beauty of her poems, and her intelligence by the speed of her answers in poetic correspondence.

    Writing era

    Time of writing

    There is no consensus on what period of her life Murasaki created the novel. There are several versions, of which the most common is the one that suggests that the romance was begun by Murasaki after the death of her husband, Fujiwara Nobutaka, that is, around 1001. This version is supported by the fact that by the time Murasaki entered the emperor’s service (1008), “The Tale of Genji” was already popular among the female inhabitants of the palace. Perhaps it was this popularity that became the reason for inviting the girl to the palace. Based on this version, the first chapters written should be considered those that tell about the life of middle-class women (for example, “The Empty Shell of a Cicada,” “Evening Face”). Later, having become an observer of court life, Murasaki begins to write about the inhabitants of the palace.

    According to another version, Murasaki began the novel only after leaving the service. According to one legend, the novel was created at the behest of Empress Shoshi and was written during the creator’s stay in the monastery. But this legend is not very reliable.

    Finally, according to another version, the Japanese woman was inspired by stories about imperial life that she heard from her father. Fascinated by what she heard, Murasaki wrote the chapter “Pavilion Pavilion” while still very young, perhaps even before her marriage to Nobutaki.

    Sources

    The original work has not survived, nor has any copy from Murasaki’s lifetime. However total The copies of rewritten copies of the novel that have reached us are quite large. Back in the Kamakura era, attempts were made to bring together all the existing options most popular work, resulting in the formation of three large groups texts that differ in the original versions on the basis of which they were created.

    “Books from Kawachi” This group includes versions of the novel created on the materials of Minamoto Chikayuki, ruler of the province of Kawachi. A poet and scholar, Minamoto spared no effort and time to analyze the many available lists of the work and compile them into one. The work he did was highly valued by his contemporaries, but nowadays it no longer has such influence. There are suggestions that Minamoto replaced some fragments of Murasaki's text with his own adaptation of the plot.

    The Blue Notebooks The most authoritative group of lists of the work is based on the work of Fujiwara Teika (1162–1241), a prominent Japanese poet and philologist. However, Murasaki’s novel was probably edited in its version as well. However, it is known that the Minamoto and Fujiwara versions were very similar to each other.

    The third group includes text variants that are not associated with either the Books from Kawachi or the Blue Notebooks.

    Name

    According to most, the title for the novel, The Tale of Genji, was not invented by Murasaki herself, but rather late period existence of the work. The most ancient title known to researchers is “The Tale of Murasaki” (“Murasaki-no-monogatari”). It is found in the mid-11th century diary “Sarasina-nikki” (“The Lonely Moon of Sarasina”). A variant of the name “The Tale of the Brilliant Genji” (“Hikaru-Genji-monogatari”) is known.

    The problem of authorship

    List of chapters

    Chapter In Japanese Translation
    1 Kiritsubo (Japanese: 桐壺) Pavilion pavilion
    2 Hahakigi (Japanese: 帚木) Tree broom
    3 Utsusemi (Japanese: 空蝉) Empty cicada shell
    4 Yugao (Japanese: 夕顔) Evening face
    5 Wakamurasaki (Japanese: 若紫) Young Murasaki
    6 Suetsumukhana (Japanese: 末摘花) Saffron
    7 Momiji no ga (Japanese: 紅葉賀) Festival of Scarlet Leaves
    8 Hana no en (Japanese: 花宴) Flower Festival
    9 Aoi (Japanese: 葵) Mallows
    10 Sakaki (Japanese: 榊) Sacred sakaki tree
    11 Hanachirusato (Japanese: 花散里) Garden where flowers fall
    12 Suma (Japanese: 須磨) Suma
    13 Akashi (Japanese: 明石) Akashi
    14 Miotsukushi (Japanese: 澪標) At coastal buoys
    15 Yomogiu (Japanese: 蓬生) In the wormwood thickets
    16 Sekiya (Japanese: 関屋) At the outpost
    17 Eawase (Japanese: 絵合) Comparison of pictures
    18 Matsukaze (Japanese: 松風) Wind in the pines
    19 Usugumo (Japanese: 薄雲) Melting cloud
    20 Asagao (Japanese: 朝顔) Morning face
    21 Otome (Japanese: 乙女) young maiden
    22 Tamakazura (Japanese: 玉鬘) Precious thread
    23 Hatsune (Japanese: 初音) First song
    24 Kocho (Japanese: 胡蝶) Butterflies
    25 Hotaru (Japanese: 螢) fireflies
    26 Tokonatsu (Japanese: 常夏) Eternal summer
    27 Kagaribi (Japanese: 篝火) Night Lights
    28 Nowaki (Japanese: 野分) Piercing the fields
    29 Miyuki (Japanese: 行幸) The highest departure
    30 Fujibakama (Japanese: 藤袴) Lilac bloomers
    31 Makibashira (Japanese: 真木柱) Cypress pillar
    32 Mume-ga e (Japanese: 梅枝) plum branch
    33 Fujiuraba (Japanese: 藤裏葉) Wisteria leaves
    34 Wakana (Japanese: 若菜上) First green I
    35 Wakana (Japanese: 若菜下) First Greens II
    36 Kashiwagi (Japanese: 柏木) Oak
    37 Yokobue (Japanese: 横笛) Flute
    38 Suzumushi (Japanese: 鈴虫) bell cricket
    39 Yugiri (Japanese: 夕霧) Evening fog
    40 Minori (Japanese: 御法) Great Law
    41 Maborosi (Japanese 幻) Magician Taoist
    Kumogakure (Japanese: 雲隠) (Hiding in the clouds)
    42 Niouumia (Japanese: 匂宮) Prince fragrant
    43 Kobay (Japanese: 紅梅) red plum
    44 Takekawa (Japanese: 竹河) Bamboo River
    45 Hashihime (Japanese: 橋姫) Virgins at the Bridge
    46 Shiigamoto (Japanese: 椎本) Under this tree
    47 Agemaki (Japanese: 総角) Triple knot
    48 Sawarabi (Japanese: 早蕨) Fern shoots
    49 Yadorigi (Japanese: 宿木) Ivy
    50 Azumaya (Japanese: 東屋) Alcove
    51 Ukifune (Japanese: 浮舟) Rook on the waves
    52 Kagero (