Biography of Bazhov for elementary school children. Conversation for children of the senior preparatory group in kindergarten with a presentation: Pavel Bazhov

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov is a famous folklore writer, author of the collection of stories “The Malachite Box”.

Born on January 15, 1879 in a small town near Yekaterinburg. His father, Pyotr Bazhev, was a hereditary mining master. He spent his childhood years in Polevskoye (Sverdlovsk region). He studied at a local school with “5” grades, as a young man he was educated at a theological school, and later at a seminary. Since 1899, young Bazhov went to work at school - to teach Russian.

Active creativity began during the war years, after working as a journalist in the military publications “Okopnaya Pravda”, “Red Path” and “Peasant Newspaper”. There is almost no information left about work in the editorial office; Bazhov is better known as a folklorist. It was letters to the editor and a passion for the history of his native city that initially interested Bazhov in collecting oral histories of peasants and workers.

In 1924, he published the first edition of the collection, “The Ural Were.” A little later, in 1936, the fairy tale “The Maiden of Azovka” was published, which was also written on a folklore basis. He fully respected the fairy-tale literary form: the narrator’s speech and the miners’ oral retellings are intertwined and form a secret - a story that only the reader knows and no one else in the world knows. The plot did not always have historical authenticity: Bazhov often changed those historical events that were “not in favor of Russia, therefore, not in the interests of ordinary hard-working people.”

His main book is rightfully considered “The Malachite Box,” which was published in 1939 and brought the writer worldwide recognition. This book is a collection of short stories about Russian northern folklore and everyday life; It describes the local nature and color in the best possible way. Each story is filled with national mythical figures: Grandma Sinyushka, the Great Snake, the Mistress of the Copper Mountain and others. The malachite stone was not chosen for the name by chance - Bazhov believed that “all the joy of the earth is collected” in it.

The writer sought to create a unique literary style using the author's original forms of expression. Fairy-tale and realistic characters are aesthetically mixed in the stories. The main characters are always simple hardworking people, masters of their profession, who are faced with the mythical side of life.

Vivid characters, interesting plot connections and a mystical atmosphere created a furore among readers. As a result, in 1943 the writer was honorably awarded the Stalin Prize, and in 1944 - the Order of Lenin.
The plots of his stories are still used in plays, plays, films, and operas today.
End of life and memorialization

The folklorist died at the age of 71; his grave is located in the very center of the Ivanovo cemetery, on a hill.

Since 1967, a museum has been operating in his estate, where everyone can plunge into the life of that time.
His monuments were erected in Sverdlovsk and Polevsky, and the “Stone Flower” mechanical fountain was erected in Moscow.

Later, the village and streets of many cities were named in his honor.

Since 1999, the Prize named after was introduced in Yekaterinburg. P. P. Bazhova.

Biography of Pavel Bazhov the most important thing

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was born in 1879 near the city of Yekaterinburg. Pavel's father was a worker. As a child, Pavel often moved his family from place to place due to his father’s business trips. Their family was in many cities, including Sysert and Polevskoy.

The boy entered school at the age of seven, he was the best student in his class, after school he went to college, and then to seminary. Pavel took up the post of Russian language teacher in 1899. In the summer he traveled through the Ural Mountains. The writer’s wife was his student; they met when she was in high school. They had four children.

Pavel Petrovich participated in Russian public life. He was part of the underground. Pavel worked on a plan for resistance to the fall of Soviet power. He was also a participant in the October Revolution. Pavel Petrovich defended the idea of equality between people. During the Civil War, Pavel worked as a journalist and was interested in the history of the Urals. Pavel Petrovich was even captured and fell ill there. Several of Bazhov's books were devoted to revolution and war.

The first book was published by Bazhov in 1924. The author’s main work is considered to be “The Malachite Box,” which was published in 1939. This book is a collection of fairy tales for children about Ural life. She became famous all over the world. Pavel Petrovich received a prize and was awarded an order. Bazhov's works formed the basis for cartoons, operas, and performances.

In addition to writing books, Bazhov loved to take photographs. He especially liked to take photographs of residents of the Urals in national costumes.

Bazhov celebrated his seventieth birthday at the Philharmonic in Yekaterinburg. Many relatives and strangers came to congratulate him. Pavel Petrovich was touched and happy.

The writer died in 1950. Based on Bazhov’s biography, we can say that the writer was a persistent, purposeful and hardworking person.

Option 3

Who among us has not read the legends about the untold riches hidden in the Ural mountains, about Russian craftsmen and their skills. And all these wonderful creations were processed and published as separate books by Pavel Petrovich Bazhov.

The writer was born in 1879 in the family of a mining foreman in the Urals. In early childhood, the boy was interested in the people of his native land, as well as local folklore. After studying at the school at the plant, Pavel entered the theological school in Yekaterinburg, and then continued his studies at the theological seminary.

Bazhov began working as a teacher in 1889, teaching children Russian language and literature. In his free time, he traveled to nearby villages and factories, asking old-timers for unusual stories and legends. He carefully recorded all the information in notebooks, of which he had accumulated a great many by 1917. It was then that he, having stopped teaching, went to defend his homeland from the White Guard invaders. When the civil war ended, Bazhov went to work at the editorial office of the Peasant Messenger in the city of Sverdlovsk, where he published essays about the life of Ural workers and the difficult times of the civil war with great success.

In 1924, Pavel Petrovich published the first book of his own composition, “The Ural Were,” and in 1939, readers became acquainted with another collection of fairy tales, “The Malachite Box.” It was for this work that the writer was awarded the Stalin Prize. Following this book, “The Mistress of the Copper Mountain”, “The Great Snake” and many other tales were published in which extraordinary events took place. Reading these creations, you notice that all the actions take place in the same family and in a certain place and time. It turns out that such family stories existed before in the Urals. Here the heroes were the most ordinary people who were able to discern its good essence in a lifeless stone.

In 1946, based on his tales, the film “The Stone Flower” was released. During the Great Patriotic War, the writer took care not only of his colleagues, but also of evacuated creative people. Pavel Alexandrovich died in 1950 in Moscow.

Biography by dates and interesting facts. The most important.

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Bazhov Pavel Petrovich (1879-1950) - Russian writer, folklorist, journalist, publicist, revolutionary. His fame was brought to him by Ural tales, many of which we have known since childhood: “The Silver Hoof”, “The Malachite Box”, “The Blue Well”, “The Mistress of the Copper Mountain”. He himself was like a kind fairy-tale hero - amazingly talented and hardworking, decent and courageous, modest and carefully caring, capable of love and eager to serve people.

Parents

His father, Bazhev Pyotr Vasilyevich (at first the surname was written with the letter “e” rather than “o”), belonged to the peasant class of the Polevskaya volost. But my father never engaged in agricultural work, because in the Sysert district there were only factories, and there were no arable plots of land there. He worked as a foreman in the puddling and welding shops at metallurgical plants (Polevsky, Seversky and Verkh-Sysertsky). At the end of his working career, he rose to the rank of a junk supply worker (in modern times, such a position is similar to a tool maker or a shop steward).

The father of the future writer was an exceptional specialist in his craft, but suffered from heavy drinking. Despite the fact that he was considered a first-class professional, he was often fired from his job. And the reason was not the fact of excessive alcohol consumption, but too sharp a tongue - after getting drunk, he criticized and ridiculed the management of the plant. For this, Peter was even given the nickname “Drill”. True, it was difficult to find specialists of this level at that time, therefore, as soon as serious problems occurred at the plant, the management took Pyotr Vasilyevich back to work. Only the top of the plant did not immediately condescend to forgive; the fired person sometimes had to beg them for a long time and wait for months, or even longer.

During such periods of lack of money, my father looked for odd jobs, but basically the family was supported by my mother, a rare craftswoman, Augusta Stefanovna. Her maiden name was Osintseva, she belonged to a family of Polish peasants. During the day, my mother did housework, and in the evenings she painstakingly knitted lace and fishnet stockings to order for the wives of the factory bosses, which were much superior in beauty and quality to machine-knitted products. Because of such night knitting, Augusta Stefanovna’s vision was subsequently severely deteriorated.

The Bazhovs, like any other family of the working Urals, carefully preserved and passed on from generation to generation the memories of their ancestors, who were experts in their field and considered work the only meaning in a difficult life.

Childhood

Pavel was the only child in the family. His father, despite alcohol and an evil tongue, adored his son and indulged him in everything. Mom was even more patient and gentle. So little Pasha grew up surrounded by care and love.

On long winter evenings, the Bazhov family loved to sit by the stove and listen to grandmother's stories about how mine workers met with mysterious and fantastic assistants - the Golden Snake or the mountain queen Mistress, who sometimes treated people kindly, and other times were openly hostile.

Elementary education

Despite the fact that the family’s financial situation was sometimes difficult, the parents gave their only son a decent education. The boy began studying at a four-year zemstvo school in the city of Sysert, where he immediately began to stand out among the students for his abilities. As he himself later recalled, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin helped him in this. If it were not for the volume of poems by the great poet, then perhaps Pavel Bazhov would have remained a factory boy with four classes of education. He got this book under difficult conditions; the librarian said that he needed to learn it by heart. Most likely, it was a joke, but Pasha took the task seriously.

From the first months of school, a teacher at the zemstvo school drew attention to Bazhov’s ingenuity and abilities; he advised parents to be sure to send their son to further study. But when the teacher found out that Pavel knew by heart the entire volume of Pushkin’s poems, he showed the gifted child to his friend Nikolai Smorodintsev, a veterinarian from Yekaterinburg. Thanks to this caring person, Pavel got a chance to continue his studies.

Studying at a religious school

Under the patronage of Smorodintsev, Bazhov continued his studies at the theological school in Yekaterinburg. The parents did not want to let the child go, but still they wanted a better future for him than a factory worker or caretaker. Therefore, they took a chance, and ten-year-old Pasha left for Yekaterinburg.

Tuition at this institution was the lowest in the city, however, Pavel’s parents did not have the money to rent housing for him. For the first time, Nikolai Semyonovich Smorodintsev sheltered him in his house. The man not only provided the boy with shelter, but also became the best friend in his life. Moreover, subsequently their friendly relations were tested by time and remained for a long time.

In Yekaterinburg, Pavel was surprised by the railway, which at that time was called “cast iron,” the vibrant cultural life, and stone houses with several floors. The zemstvo teacher had a good lesson with his best student. Bazhov easily passed the exams and entered theological school.

After studying a little, Pavel moved from Nikolai Semyonovich to rented communal housing. From the school, several rooms were rented for students in an apartment from one owner, where a specially assigned inspector watched the children. The writer later remembered this man with kindness, although at first the boys did not like the inspector too much for his constant lectures, severity and comments. Already as adults, the boys realized how responsibly he did his job - he made sure that the owners did not offend the students regarding service and food, so that the older students did not bully the younger ones. It was thanks to the efforts of the inspector that hazing never flourished in the hostel housing.

The inspector also arranged readings with the boys, thereby instilling a love and taste for good literature. Often he read classic works to them himself:

“Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” by N.V. Gogol;
stories by A. I. Kuprin;
“Sevastopol Stories” by L. N. Tolstoy.

The four-year education was given to Pavel without problems; he moved from one class to another with the first category. In the summer I went home on vacation, where in the evenings I ran with the guys to the wood warehouses. There they listened to stories about “ancient housing,” which were told very interestingly by the watchman, Vasily Alekseevich Khmelinin. The boys nicknamed the old man “Grandfather Slyshko,” and it was his amusing, semi-everyday, semi-mystical stories that greatly interested Pasha. Subsequently, this became Bazhov’s main hobby; all his life he collected folklore - myths, phrases, legends, tales, proverbs.

Seminary

After graduating from college with excellent marks, Pavel received the opportunity to further study at a theological seminary. The only upsetting thing was that I had to move even further from my home - to Perm. Graduates of the Perm Theological Seminary were provided with a very high-quality and versatile education. In addition to Bazhov, the writer Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak and the famous Russian inventor Alexander Popov also studied at this institution.

Pavel graduated from his studies in 1899. He was among the top three graduates and was given a place at the theological academy. But the twenty-year-old young man considered it dishonest to take such a chance, because he was not a religious person, moreover, he considered himself revolutionary. While still a student, I read philosophical and revolutionary banned books, and also studied the scientific works of Darwin. The ideas of the populists were close to him; Pavel passionately dreamed that ordinary people would get rid of autocracy.

Teaching activities

Bazhov tried to enter a secular university, but, having failed, decided to take up teaching. In addition, my mother needed help. Her father died of liver disease, and it was difficult for Augusta Stefanovna to survive on her husband’s meager pension. Pavel began tutoring and writing articles for newspapers.

For almost two decades, Bazhov taught Russian. First in the village of Shaidurikha not far from Nevyansk, then in Kamyshlov at a theological school, in Yekaterinburg at the diocesan school for girls. In all educational institutions, he was considered a favorite teacher - he did not shout, never rushed with an answer, prompted, asked leading questions if he saw that a student was having difficulty. Each of his lessons was perceived as a gift; he could interest even the most indifferent.

All these years he never stopped being fascinated by Ural folk tales. When his students went on vacation, he gave them the task of writing down riddles, proverbs, and sayings that they heard.

Revolution

Before the revolutionary events of 1917, Pavel was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. After the revolution, he supported Bolshevism, and the new government entrusted him with the leadership of the commissariat of education. In this post, Bazhov proved himself to be an energetic and decent worker who cared about the people, so he was entrusted with new responsible assignments:

headed the construction and technical department;
made presentations on industrial development;
worked on the executive committee.

When the White Guard entered Yekaterinburg and the city of Kamyshlov, where the Bazhovs lived, Pavel was on a business trip. Trying to reunite with his family later, he was captured, from where he escaped and hid in a remote village. Then, with other people’s documents, I got to Ust-Kamenogorsk, from where I sent a letter to my wife, and she and the children came to Pavel Petrovich. The family was together again, and soon the Red Guards entered the city. Bazhov began his career in the literary direction - as editor of the publications “Soviet Power” and “Izvestia”.

Creation

In the early 1920s, the Bazhovs returned to Yekaterinburg, where Pavel Petrovich began working for local newspapers.

In 1924, he published his first collection, “The Ural Were.” These are not fairy tales, but stories about life in the Urals, which the writer worked on after work in the evenings. But such creativity gave him pleasure, especially when the collection was published and was a success.

Pavel Petrovich wrote his following works commissioned by the Soviet government:

“For Soviet truth”;
"Fighters of the first draft";
"To the calculation."

But when in 1937 he was accused of Trotskyism, expelled from the party and fired from his job, Bazhov remembered the stories of his grandfather Slyshko and found solace in them. He began to write fairy tales, and then they survived due to the large garden on which the whole family worked.

In 1939, a collection of his fairy tales, “The Malachite Box,” was published. The book was in great demand; both children and adults liked the tales about the Urals.

In 1941 (at the beginning of the war) Bazhov wrote almanacs to raise morale. But in 1942, he began to have problems with his eyesight, and then Pavel Petrovich began giving lectures and headed the Sverdlovsk writers' organization.

Personal life

It so happened that until the age of thirty, Pavel devoted himself entirely to study, then to work; he had no time left for vivid novels or strong feelings for women. He was one of those people whom fate rewards with a great feeling of mutual love and happiness only once, but for the rest of their lives.

Love overtook Bazhov when he was already 32 years old. His chosen one was a former student, a graduate of the diocesan school, Valentina Ivanitskaya. Despite her young age (19 years), the girl was strong in spirit and very talented. She reciprocated, giving Pavel Petrovich inexhaustible, devoted and tender love.

They created the perfect family; they respected each other endlessly; in illness, poverty and in difficult situations they always maintained a tender relationship. Those who knew this family have the best memories of the Bazhovs.

Pavel and Valentina had only seven children, but three of them died in infancy. The couple gave all their love and care to the surviving girls Olga, Elena, Ariadne and the boy Alexei. All together, the Bazhovs were able to survive a terrible tragedy when their only son died at a very young age at the plant.

The youngest daughter Ariadne said that her father had an amazing ability to always know everything about his favorite people. He worked harder than anyone, but his spiritual sensitivity was enough to keep abreast of the joys, sorrows and concerns of each family member.

Pavel Petrovich passed away on December 3, 1950; he was buried at the Ivanovo cemetery in Yekaterinburg.

Soviet literary critic Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was a very versatile personality. He was engaged in writing scientific works in the field of literary criticism, enriched the Russian language with a huge collection of folklore works of peoples from different parts of the USSR, collected by him personally. He was also involved in journalistic and political activities. Pavel Bazhov is an interesting personality in the history of Russian folklore, so it will be useful for everyone to familiarize themselves with his biography and literary heritage.

Early life

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, whose biography is logically divided into several sections for ease of reading, was born on January 15 (27), 1879 in the small mining town of Sysert (Ural). His father was a simple worker at a metallurgical plant, and his mother was engaged in needlework. Pavel Petrovich's family moved often; his father worked first at one factory, then at another. Frequent trips to the metallurgical towns of the Urals made a huge impression on the future writer. Perhaps it was precisely because of childhood memories and impressions that the writer later began collecting folklore, loving it and trying to convey Ural tales to other corners of vast Russia. Later, Pavel Petrovich Bazhov recalled these moments of childhood with love. At the age of seven, the boy’s parents sent him to a three-year zemstvo school. The future writer loved to study and learn something new, so he easily graduated from elementary school. What did Pavel Bazhov do next? His biography does not end there.

Education

After graduating from the zemstvo school, Pavel Bazhov expressed a desire to continue studying, but due to the impossibility of entering the gymnasium, the future writer had to enter a theological school. At first, Pavel Bazhov studied at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, but later decided to continue his studies at the Perm Theological Seminary. In 1899, P. P. Bazhov graduated from theological seminary, and he was offered to continue his studies in order to study for the priesthood. But Bazhov’s dream was not to become a priest; he wanted to go to university. Due to a lack of money, Bazhov decided to work part-time as a school teacher of the Russian language. Few people know how to pursue their dreams as passionately as Bazhov. The biography of this writer proves that he was a strong and purposeful person. Later, Bazhov was invited to work at the Yekaterinburg Theological School. The writer’s dream of entering Tomsk State University was never realized due to his low social status.

Social activity

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, whose biography reveals all aspects of the writer’s life, was not only an excellent literary critic and publicist, he also actively participated in the public life of the country. The writer was a participant in the October Revolution, which occurred in 1917. Taking the side of the revolutionaries, Pavel Petrovich Bazhov pursued the goal of ridding the population of social inequality. Bazhov P.P. valued freedom, his biography confirms this.

During the Civil War in Russia, the writer expresses a desire to join the Red Army. In the army, he not only served as a secretary, but was also one of the editors of the military newspaper "Okopnaya Pravda". Unfortunately, during the battle for Perm, the writer was captured, but was able to successfully escape from enemy captivity. A few months after the development of the disease, it was decided to demobilize Bazhov. “Towards calculation”, “Formation on the move” - all these are books written by Bazhov about the history of the Russian revolution and the Civil War.

Personal life

Was Pavel Petrovich Bazhov in love? The biography also reveals this moment in the writer’s life. After Pavel Petrovich Bazhov got a job as a Russian language teacher at a theological school, he also worked at the same time at the Yekaterinburg diocesan school for girls. It was there that he met his first and only love for life. The writer became interested in a final-grade student, V. Ivanitskaya. After completing her studies, the decision was made to get married.

Children

Soon after his marriage, the writer gave birth to two lovely girls. A little later, the couple had another child, and during the difficult times of the First World War, the writer and his wife moved to her parents, to a small town called Kamyshlov. There, his wife gave Bazhov his fourth and last child, his son Alexei.

last years of life

How did Bazhov spend his last days? The biography says that in 1949 the writer celebrated his seventieth birthday. A huge number of people gathered on this solemn day. There were not only close friends and relatives of the writer, but also complete strangers who highly valued the literary work of Pavel Petrovich Bazhov. The writer's anniversary took place at the Sverdlovsk State Philharmonic. Bazhov was extremely surprised and touched by the respect people had for his work. He was sincerely happy and accepted congratulations and gifts from everyone who came to congratulate him on this solemn day. But unfortunately, the next year the writer passed away. Bazhov died on December 3, 1950 in Moscow. He was buried in Sverdlovsk. His grave is located on the top of a mountain, which offers a beautiful view of the Ural nature: forests, rivers, mountains - everything that the writer loved and appreciated during his lifetime.

Bazhov as a folklorist

The writer began his activity as a collector of folklore while still a teacher at the Ekaterinburg Theological School. Pavel Bazhov, whose biography is of interest to all fans of oral folk art, traveled every summer to his homeland, the Urals, in order to record folk tales and songs, and describe the rituals of ordinary Ural workers. He also loved photographing local residents in national ritual costumes. The biography of Pavel Bazhov is also very useful for children, because they should be imbued with the traditions and legends of their people, as the great folklorist once did.

No one had previously been interested in the folk art of ordinary Russian people, so Bazhov made a breakthrough in Soviet folklore. He recorded and systematized a huge number of tales, small fairy tales about the life of workers that existed among miners in the middle of the 18th century. The folklorist was interested in the life of ordinary people: stonemasons, gunsmiths, ore miners.

Later, Bazhov began to be interested not only in the folklore of the Ural residents, but also in folk tales from other parts of Russia. It is impossible to overestimate the role of this great man in the formation of Russian folklore, because he tried to understand the soul of a simple worker, convey the imagery that is vividly represented in folklore, and convey folk tales to the present day.

List of the most significant works

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was remembered by his compatriots not only as a folklorist and collector of folk tales, he was also a wonderful writer who could work miracles with the power of words. Bazhov wrote wonderful stories. A biography for children who love fairy tales will also be interesting. The following is a list of the most significant works from the pen of this wonderful writer:

"The Green Filly" (1939) - the book is autobiographical in nature. The writer tells the reader about his youth, childhood impressions that were carried by the author throughout his life.
“The Peeling of Days” - the book is a kind of diary of the writer’s life. It contains Bazhov’s thoughts about the events taking place in his life and letters sent to him by close friends. It’s good that Bazhov kept a diary, whose biography can be gleaned from this book.
“The Ural Were” (1924) is a book in which the writer tried to characterize the folklore of ordinary workers of the Urals. These are Bazhov's first essays on folklore.
“Formation on the Move” (1937) - in this book the writer tried to reveal the nature of the October Revolution and the Civil War in Russia. This work has a scandalous past, because it was because of it that it was decided to expel Pavel Petrovich from the party.
“The Malachite Box” (1939) is the most famous book by Pavel Petrovich Bazhov, which brought him national recognition. The beauty and diversity of Ural legends and folk beliefs are fully shown here.

Some folk tales

Bazhov, whose biography is described in the article, collected a huge number of tales:

"Vasin's Mountain";
"Living Light";
"Golden Dykes"
"Key of the Earth";
"Cat's ears";
"Malachite Box";

"Fragile twig";
"Broad shoulder";
"Mining Master";
"Stone Flower";
"Golden Hair";
"Wrong Heron";
"Silver Hoof".

A great man was Pavel Bazhov, whose short biography will be very useful for those interested in folklore.

Bazhov Pavel Petrovich (1879-1950), writer, journalist.

Born on January 27, 1879 in the city of Sysertsky Plant near Yekaterinburg in a family of hereditary workers. He entered the Ekaterinburg Theological School, and then the Perm Seminary, from which he graduated in 1899.

For a decade and a half (until 1917) he taught Russian in Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov. During these years, the subject of close interest of the future writer became the folk life and culture, oral folk art of the Urals. The events of the revolution and the Civil War did not leave Bazhov aside: in 1918 he volunteered for the Red Army.

After the end of hostilities, Bazhov turned to journalism. In the 20s his essays, feuilletons, and stories were published in the Yekaterinburg “Peasant Newspaper” and other Ural periodicals. In 1924, the writer’s first book, “The Ural People,” was published, which included essays and memoirs about the pre-revolutionary past of the region.

Bazhov’s main work, which made him a classic of Russian literature, “The Malachite Box,” was published only in the year of the author’s 60th birthday. The first collection under this name (1939) united 14 tales; Subsequently, the “Malachite Box” was replenished with new works (the last lifetime editions contained about 40 tales).

In 1943, the book received the Stalin Prize, and after the war, Bazhov became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. In “The Malachite Box” the author turned to a unique literary form - a tale associated with the traditions of oral folk art. Replete with colloquial expressions and dialect words, using elements of folklore style, the narrator’s speech creates the illusion of a confidential oral narration.

The book is based on the theme of creative work. Bazhov's heroes are miners ("Mistress of the Copper Mountain"), charcoal burners ("Zhivinka in Action"), stone cutters ("Stone Flower", "Mining Master"), foundry workers ("Cast Iron Grandmother"), minters ("Ivanko-Krylatko") - appear as people who are sincerely devoted to their work. They are helped to live not only by their golden hands, but also by their cheerful spirit in business, which “runs ahead of skill and pulls a person along with it.” A rich and bright color palette, poetic images echoing Russian folklore, melodiousness and cheerful emotional coloring of folk speech create a unique world of Bazhov’s tales.

Addressed to readers of various social strata and age categories, “The Malachite Box” became extremely popular - for example, during the Great Patriotic War, the book was among the most read. As the Pravda newspaper wrote, Bazhov entered the history of Russian literature as a collector of pearls of his native language, a discoverer of precious layers of workers' folklore - not textbook-smoothed, but created by life.

Biography

BAZHOV, PAVEL PETROVICH (1879−1950), Russian writer. Born on January 15 (27), 1879 at the Sysertsky plant near Yekaterinburg in a family of hereditary mining masters. The family often moved from factory to factory, which allowed the future writer to get to know well the life of the vast mountain district and was reflected in his work - in particular, in the essays The Ural Were (1924). Bazhov studied at the Yekaterinburg Theological School (1889−1893), then at the Perm Theological Seminary (1893−1899), where tuition was much cheaper than in secular educational institutions.

Until 1917 he worked as a school teacher in Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov. Every year during the summer holidays he traveled around the Urals and collected folklore. Bazhov wrote in his autobiography about how his life developed after the February and October revolutions: “From the beginning of the February Revolution, he went into the work of public organizations. From the beginning of open hostilities, he volunteered for the Red Army and took part in combat operations on the Ural Front. In September 1918 he was accepted into the ranks of the CPSU (b). He worked as a journalist in the divisional newspaper “Okopnaya Pravda”, in the Kamyshlov newspaper “Red Path”, and from 1923 in the Sverdlovsk “Peasant Newspaper”. Work with letters from peasant readers finally determined Bazhov’s passion for folklore. According to his later admission, many of the expressions he found in letters from readers of the Peasant Newspaper were used in his famous Ural tales. His first book, The Ural Were, was published in Sverdlovsk, where Bazhov depicted in detail both factory owners and “lordly armrest” clerks, as well as simple artisans. Bazhov sought to develop his own literary style, looked for original forms of embodiment of his literary talent. He succeeded in this in the mid-1930s. s, when he began to publish his first tales. In 1939, Bazhov combined them into the book Malachite Box (USSR State Prize, 1943), which he subsequently supplemented with new works. Malachite gave the name to the book because, according to Bazhov, this stone contains “joy the land has been collected." Creating tales became the main work of Bazhov's life. In addition, he edited books and almanacs, including on Ural local history, headed the Sverdlovsk writers' organization, and was the editor-in-chief and director of the Ural book publishing house. In Russian literature, the tradition of the tale literary form dates back to Gogol and Leskov. However, calling his works skaz, Bazhov took into account not only the literary tradition of the genre, which implies the presence of a narrator, but also the existence of ancient oral traditions of the Ural miners, which in folklore were called “secret tales.” From these folklore works, Bazhov adopted one of the main signs of his tales: a mixture of fairy-tale images (Poloz and his daughters Zmeevka, Ognevushka-Poskakushka, Mistress of the Copper Mountain, etc.) and heroes written in a realistic vein (Danila the Master, Stepan, Tanyushka and etc.). The main theme of Bazhov's tales is the common man and his work, talent and skill. Communication with nature, with the secret foundations of life, is carried out through powerful representatives of the magical mountain world. One of the most striking images of this kind is the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, whom Master Stepan meets from the tale The Malachite Box. The Mistress of the Copper Mountain helps the hero of the tale Stone Flower Danila to reveal his talent - and becomes disappointed in the master after he gives up trying to make the Stone Flower himself. The prophecy expressed about the Mistress in the tale of Prikazchikovy Soles is coming true: “It is sorrow for the bad to meet her, and little joy for the good.” Bazhov owns the expression “zhivinka in action”, which became the title of the tale of the same name, written in 1943. One of his heroes, grandfather Nefed, explains why his student Timofey mastered the skill of a charcoal burner: “And because,” he says, “because you looked down, - on that means what is done; and when you looked at it from above - what should be done better, then the little creature caught you. You see, it’s there in every business, it runs ahead of skill and pulls a person along with it.” Bazhov paid tribute to the rules of “socialist realism”, under which his talent developed. Lenin became the hero of several of his works. The image of the leader of the revolution acquired folklore features in the tales written during the Patriotic War: The Sun Stone, Bogatyrev's Mitten and the Eagle Feather. Shortly before his death, speaking to fellow countrymen writers, Bazhov said: “We, the Urals, living in such a region, which is some kind of Russian concentrate, is a treasury of accumulated experience, great traditions, we need to take this into account, this will strengthen our positions in showing modern man.” Bazhov died in Moscow on December 3, 1950.

Bazhov Pavel Petrovich, years of life 1879−1950. The Russian writer was born on January 15 (27), 1879 near Yekaterinburg at the Sysertsky plant in a family of mining workers. From 1889 to 1893, Bazhov studied at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, then from 1893 to 1899 at the Perm Theological Seminary, where, of course, tuition was much cheaper than in secular educational institutions.

Bazhov managed to work as a teacher in Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov until 1917. Every year during the summer holidays, Pavel Petrovich loved to collect folklore while traveling around the Urals. After the February and October Revolutions, he described in his biography how his fate unfolded: “At the very beginning of the February Revolution, he worked in public organizations. When hostilities began, he joined the Red Army and fought on the Ural Front. In September 1918 he was admitted to the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). He also worked as a journalist in the newspaper Okopnaya Pravda, and from 1923 in the Sverdlovsk Peasant Newspaper.

Working with letters from readers, I realized that it was important for him to study folklore. Bazhov later admitted that much of what he used in his Ural tales was drawn from letters from readers of the Peasant Newspaper. The first book, “The Ural People,” was published in Sverdlovsk, in which he quite clearly depicted factory owners and ordinary workers.

He managed to find his literary style only in the middle of 1930, when the world saw his first tales. In 1943, Bazhov received the State Prize (for the fact that in 1939 he combined his tales into one book, The Malachite Box). In addition, he edited books, was the head of the Sverdlovsk writers' organization, and the director of the Ural book publishing house.

In his several works he gave the image of V.I. Lenin. The image of the leader was visible in such tales as “Eagle Feather”, “Sun Stone”, written during the Patriotic War. Shortly before his death, speaking to writers, he said: “For us, the Urals, living in such a region, this is a treasure trove of accumulated experience, huge traditions, we need to take this into account, this will increase our position in showing modern man.” On December 3, 1950, the writer passed away in Moscow.