Comparison of Peter Grinev and Shvabrin. Essay: “Grinev and Shvabrin - a comparative description of the heroes”

In the work of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin “ Captain's daughter”describes two heroes: Shvabrin and Grinev. Both are nobles by origin, both end up in the Belogorsk fortress, both are related to Pugachev. At first glance it seems that they are similar. But that's not true.

Grinev received home education. From the age of five he was given to the care of the eager Savelich, who taught him to read and write. Soon, the Frenchman Beaupré was hired for the further education and training of Grinev, “who was discharged from Moscow along with a year’s supply of Provençal oil and wine.”

He wasn't a real teacher, so most each of them was busy with his own business.

Shvabrin received a secular education. The entertainments of this society, such as playing cards, were no strangers to him. And disputes, in his opinion, should have been resolved by a duel.

Grinev was enrolled in the Semenovsky regiment even before his birth. But when he turned 16, his father, in Once again leafing through the Court Calendar, I decided that it was time for Peter to go serve. And so that he would not have fun in St. Petersburg instead, Andrei Petrovich decided to send his son to “sniff gunpowder” in Orenburg, to his old acquaintance under his superiors. There Grinev was assigned to the Belogorsk fortress.

Everyone knew that if a member of the guard suddenly found himself in a garrison, then most likely he had done something wrong. Shvabrin was one of these people. He was punished for murder during a duel.

Life in the fortress was boring. There was no real enemy, so the officers had virtually no responsibilities. Here Grinev meets Shvabrin. At first they get along with each other. Shvabrin's conversation was interesting to Grinev. But every day their relationship worsened. They were both in love with Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of the commandant. Shvabrin hid this. At first he described Masha Grineva as a complete fool. Then, when Pyotr Andreevich showed him his poems dedicated to the commandant’s daughter, he strongly criticized them. Grinev was very offended by this, and soon they agreed on a duel. But during the battle, Savelich suddenly runs out and calls out to Grinev. And at this moment Shvabrin delivers a sneaky blow to the distracted enemy. Pyotr Andreevich loses consciousness, but survives. In this situation, Shvabrin shows himself to be a person who cannot be trusted.

Soon it becomes known about Pugachev's approaching army. Everyone except Shvabrin is very excited. He was lost in thought. Days have passed, and now the rioters are already at the walls Belogorsk fortress. The besieged decide to open the gates and give battle to the enemy. But when they did this, it turned out that only three people came out: Grinev, the commandant and Ivan Ignatich. The rest were afraid to take the fight. Thus the fortress was captured and the commandant was hanged. Grinev was pardoned because he had long ago given the man, who turned out to be Pugachev, a hare sheepskin coat for his help. Shvabrin, having assessed the balance of power, treacherously defected to the rebels.

Shvabrin was appointed the new commandant of the fortress. He firmly decided to win Masha’s hand, even by force. But when Grinev returned to the Belogorsk fortress, and even together with Pugachev, Shvabrin found himself in a difficult situation. Pyotr Andreevich still remained his enemy. But Grinev’s new position forces him to pretend that there are no disagreements between them. Grinev, in turn, behaves honestly, without talking to his enemy.

Soon, by coincidence, they meet in court. Both of them are accused of participating in Pugachev’s conspiracy. The differences lie in the fact that Shvabrin actually acted with the rebels, while Grinev was never at one with them. By this point, the characters have changed a lot. Pyotr Andreevich, from the insecure young man he was at the beginning of the work, turned into a worthy adult. But Shvabrin showed all his negative qualities: meanness, treachery, hypocrisy, tendency to lie. During the interrogation, he, realizing that he himself will no longer justify himself, begins to blame his rival in every possible way. Grinev is not like him and speaks only for himself.

By the end of the work of fate, both Shvabrin and Grinev correspond to their personal qualities. Honest and open Peter Andreevich achieves everything he wanted. And the deceitful Shvabrin is punished by the authorities. The heroes started from the same position, but one was able to turn into positive person, whom you can trust, and the other remains a liar who thinks only about himself.

Pushkin's novel "The Captain's Daughter" describes the events of Pugachev's uprising. Main character, seventeen-year-old Pyotr Grinev, goes to military service to the Belgorod Fortress, where he first meets Alexei Shvabrin, an officer. Shvabrin and Grinev are complete opposites, but first it’s worth talking about each of them separately.

Petr Andreevich Grinev. The character of this hero develops throughout the entire work. At the beginning of the novel, he appears as a carefree and frivolous undergrowth, a spoiled son of a landowner:

“I lived as a teenager, chasing pigeons and playing leapfrog with the yard boys.”

But after leaving home, he began to experience positive traits, the ability to understand others, sympathize and help them.

Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin. A negative character, the antipode of Grinev. An officer who, as punishment for murder in a duel, was sent to serve in the Orenburg province. He kidnaps Masha Mironova, trying to force her to marry him. At the end of the novel he is arrested for treason.

What do these characters have in common? They have similarities, but only external ones. Social status, after all, they are both nobles, they also both received a similar upbringing, both serve in the Belgorod fortress and both are in love with Masha Mironova.

However, in everything else, that is, in character and behavior, they are completely different. In this regard, Shvabrin is at least smart, quick-witted and educated person, but insignificant from a moral point of view, dishonest, arrogant, vile, deceitful and shameless:

"...Shvabrin's shamelessness almost enraged me..."

To fulfill his desires, he uses any methods, in order to save his life, he goes over to the side of the enemy and achieves a high rank there. Grinev, being the complete opposite of Shvabrin, is an honest and straightforward person, albeit less educated.

They are both in love with Masha, but if Shvabrin, having received a refusal from her, spreads dirty rumors about her, and then completely kidnaps her and holds her captive, then Grinev defends his beloved’s honor to the end.

Grinev has both positive and negative qualities; Shvabrin too, despite all his apparent disgust and immorality. After all, he does not inform on Masha, having been captured by government troops, he only betrays Grinev. Although he forcibly forces the girl to marry him, holding her captive, he does not wish her death.

Thus, Grinev and Shvabrin are antipodes to each other, despite the fact that they are officially called positive and negative characters, are still living people who have both shortcomings and some good moral qualities. Although it’s difficult to find much good from Shvabrin.

Grinev.docx

Grinev and Shvabrin. Comparative characteristics.

After reading the story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", you understand that ideological content This work is very multifaceted. One of the problems that worries the author is the contrast between the concepts of honor and dishonor, which is very clearly reflected in the constant comparison of two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin and their ideas about honor. These heroes are young, both of noble origin. The author emphasizes a certain similarity in the characters of the young people. But what then prevented them from becoming friends and overcoming all the hardships of military service together?

In my opinion, the reason is in upbringing. Pyotr Andreevich never experienced loneliness, did not need anything, he was lucky with his parents. In addition, from childhood Grinev was brought up in an environment of high morality.

On the first pages of the story, Pushkin, through the mouth of Savelich, introduces readers to the spiritual attitudes of the Grinev family: “It seems that neither the father nor the grandfather were drunkards; there’s nothing to say about mother…” With these words, the old servant brings up his ward Petrusha, who got drunk for the first time and behaved unsightly.

And before leaving for service, Grinev receives a behest from his father: “Take care of your dress again, and take care of your honor from a young age.” This folk proverb is also an epigraph to the work. All further history Grineva represents the fulfillment, despite all the difficulties and mistakes, of this paternal covenant.

But honor is a broadly understood term. If for Grinev the father, honor is, first of all, the honor of a nobleman and an officer, then Grinev the son, without abandoning this understanding, was able to expand the concept of honor to its human and civil meaning. The young man seemed to combine the kind, loving heart of his mother with honesty, directness, courage - qualities that are inherent in his father.

Shvabrin, on the contrary, was deprived of parental affection and care from an early age. He didn’t know what a child’s happiness, a child’s laughter meant, but he understood perfectly well what tears and grief were. The childhood of both heroes had a huge influence on the formation of their character, conscience and morality. Grinev became a kind, brave, sympathetic and reliable person, and Alexey became a typical careerist, deceitful, cynical, and treacherous. Pushkin reveals these qualities of his characters to readers not immediately, but gradually, forcing them to analyze every action of young people.

The heroes are also brought together by the fact that they do not end up in the Belogorsk fortress of their own free will. Grinev - at the insistence of his father, who decided that his son needed to “pull the strap and smell the gunpowder...”. And Shvabrin ended up in this outback, perhaps because of the high-profile story associated with the duel. It is known that, at one time, for a nobleman a duel was a way to defend his honor. And Shvabrin, at the beginning of the story, seems to be a man of honor. Although from the point of view of an ordinary person, for example, Vasilisa Yegorovna, a duel is “murder.” This assessment casts doubt on Shvabrin’s nobility.

Grinev acted honorably for the first time, returning the gambling debt, although in that situation Savelich tried to persuade him to evade payment. But nobility prevailed.

This same quality was also evident in the generous gift to the unknown “little man” who showed the way during a snowstorm and who later played a decisive role in all future fate Peter Andreevich. And how, risking everything, he rushed to the rescue of the captured Savelich.

Tests awaited Grinev in the fortress, where he served and by his behavior proved loyalty to his father’s covenants, did not betray what he considered his duty and his honor.

The complete opposite of the honest and straightforward Grinev is his rival Alexey Ivanovich Shvabrin.The author characterizes Shvabrin as a cynical, empty person, capable of slandering a girl only because she refused to reciprocate his feelings. Shvabrin commits a number of vile acts that characterize him as a low person, capable of treason, cowardice, and betrayal. He is a selfish and ungrateful person. For the sake of his personal goals, Shvabrin is ready to commit any dishonorable act. He slanderes Masha Mironova and casts a shadow on her mother. He inflicts a treacherous blow on Grinev in a duel and, in addition, writes a false denunciation of him to Grinev’s father. And Shvabrin goes over to Pugachev’s side not out of ideological convictions: he expects to save his life, hopes to make a career with him if Pugachev succeeds, and most importantly, he wants, having dealt with his rival, to forcefully marry a girl who does not love him.

But the moral qualities of some heroes and the baseness of others were especially clearly revealed during the riot. For example, Captain Mironov and his wife chose to die rather than surrender to the mercy of the rebels. Grinev does the same, not wanting to swear allegiance to Pugachev, but was pardoned. It seems to me that the author made it clear to the reader that Pugachev showed generosity towards the young officer not only out of a feeling of gratitude for the old favor. He equally, it seemed to me, appreciated Grinev as a man of honor. The leader of the uprising himself was not alien to the concepts of honor. In addition, Grinev and Masha, thanks to him, found each other forever.

Shvabrin, too, turned out to be powerless in carrying out his selfish plans, since Pugachev not only did not support him, but also clearly made it clear that he was dishonest and therefore not a rival to Grinev.

I think you can judge a person by his actions in difficult times. For the heroes, an important life test was the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by Pugachev. Shvabrin saves his life. We see him “with his hair cut in a circle, in a Cossack caftan, among the rebels.” And during the execution, he whispers something in Pugachev’s ear. Grinev is ready to share the fate of Captain Mironov. He refuses to kiss the impostor’s hand because he is ready to “prefer a cruel execution to such humiliation...”.

These two characters also have different attitudes towards Masha. Grinev admires and respects Masha, even writes poetry in her honor. Shvabrin, on the contrary, confuses the girl’s name with dirt, saying “if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings...”. Shvabrin slanderes not only this girl, but also her relatives. For example, when he says “as if Ivan Ignatich was in an inappropriate relationship with Vasilisa Egorovna...”. It becomes clear that Shvabrin actually does not love Masha. When Grinev rushed to free Marya Ivanovna, he saw her “pale, thin, with disheveled hair, in a peasant dress...” The look of the girl eloquently speaks of what she had to endure through the fault of Shvabrin, who tortured her, kept her in captivity and threatened her all the time hand her over to the rebels.

If we compare the main characters, of course, Grinev will command more respect, because, despite his youth, he behaves with dignity, remains true to himself, does not disgrace the honorable name of his father, and protects his beloved.

A.S. Pushkin also has an ambivalent attitude towards his heroes: the patriot Grinev is the antipode to the traitor and scoundrel Shvabrin. I believe that Alexey, after going over to the side of the rebels, is generally unworthy of the officer rank and the honor of wearing shoulder straps.

I support the author's position in relation to the main characters. It seems to me that the confrontation between Pyotr Andreevich Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin is a confrontation between loyalty and betrayal, love and hatred, good and evil. In my opinion, Grinev is the ideal officer that the Russian army lacked in the nineteenth century.

Unfortunately, now there are very few people like Pyotr Grinev, honest, kind and selfless. Modern society has almost lost these qualities. And I really want the proverb “take care of your honor from a young age” to have the meaning of a life talisman for everyone, helping to overcome the harsh trials of life.

Description of work

After reading the story by A.S. Pushkin’s “The Captain’s Daughter”, you understand that the ideological content of this work is very multifaceted. One of the problems that worries the author is the contrast between the concepts of honor and dishonor, which is very clearly reflected in the constant comparison of two heroes: Grinev and Shvabrin and their ideas about honor. These heroes are both young noble origin. The author emphasizes a certain similarity in the characters of the young people. But what then prevented them from becoming friends and overcoming all the hardships of military service together?

The main characters of the work by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter", are two completely opposite human qualities officers Grinev and Shvabrin. Despite the fact that both young people came from a noble family, in which, as is known, they were vaccinated from childhood high values and morality, one was honest and noble, and the other was cunning and agile.

Shvabrin appears in the work as negative hero ends up serving in the Belogorsk fortress due to committing a murder. During his service, when Pugachev’s uprising began, he, without thinking twice and completely not caring about his duty, joined his ranks. He also doesn't care about the feelings of the people around him. By the will of his love for Maria Mironova, not paying attention to the fact that the feelings are not mutual, he decides to force the girl to be with him. He acts treacherously towards his friend, plotting conspiracies and pretenses against him.

Grinev is the completely opposite side of Shvabrin. He, of his own free will, went to serve in a fortress remote from the city, listening and obeying his father in everything. He feels incredible devotion and reverence for his parents. He also strictly follows the instructions he received, which states that honor must be protected from a young age. During Pugachev’s uprising, without fearing for his life, Grinev makes it clear that there is no reason for it, he will not join his ranks, since he swore an oath to the empress and will faithfully serve only her.

Pushkin in this work makes it clear to the reader that people like Shvabrin are followed only by devastation, which will certainly lead to the collapse of his family, as well as the entire country. And Grinev is a stronghold in building a healthy and developing society with high moral values ​​and attitudes that are guaranteed to lead to a happy and carefree future.

Comparative characteristics of Grinev and Shvabrin

Pyotr Grinev and Alexey Shvabrin are the heroes of the story “The Captain's Daughter”.

These two young men are from wealthy families. They are officers and both are in love with captain's daughter Waving to Mironov.

Pyotr Grinev entered service in the Belogorsk fortress at the request of his father. Alexey Shvabrin was transferred to the fortress for murder. During a sword duel, he stabbed one lieutenant.

Pyotr Grinev sincerely loves Masha Mironova and she reciprocates his feelings. He is ready to take decisive and courageous actions for her sake.

Alexey Shvabrin, having not achieved the girl’s favor and having received a refusal from her, behaves extremely unworthily. He speaks negatively about Masha’s family, allows himself to mock the girl and spreads bad rumors about her.

Pyotr Grinev quarrels with Shvabrin because of his unworthy behavior towards Masha. Wanting to defend the girl’s honor, Peter fights Shvabrin in a duel. Turning for a moment at the shout of his servant, he receives an insidious blow in the back from Shvabrin.

They understand their duty to their homeland differently. When the fortress was stormed by Emelyan Pugachev’s gang, Peter was ready to fight to the last. He behaved bravely and was not afraid to tell Pugachev the truth to his face.

Shvabrin, on the contrary, without hesitation went over to the side of the villains. He fawned and groveled before Pugachev.

When Shvabrina is appointed commandant of the fortress. He, being a vile man, uses his new position. He treats Masha Mironova cruelly, keeps her locked up and forces her to marry him.

Pyotr Grinev learns about this from Masha’s letter and immediately sets off to rescue the girl from Shvabrin’s captivity. Thanks to his frankness and courage, he earns Pugachev's favor and respect.

Peter is generous and brave man. Throughout the entire story, he fights with dignity and selflessly for his rights and for his love.

Shvabrin is deceitful and hypocritical, he is ready to secretly strike and betray his comrades. He repeatedly tried to annoy Peter and wrote denunciations against him.

Both of them were arrested on suspicion of conspiracy with Pugachev. Shvabrin behaved extremely dishonestly here too; he tried to slander Peter. As a result, Grinev is acquitted and released. His beloved Masha helps him in this. He will marry her. Shvabrin remains in prison.

A.S. Pushkin, using the example of these two young and wealthy guys, managed to show how different people can be.

Option 3

These two officers are complete opposites in their human qualities. Both come from a family of nobles, so there is no doubt about their upbringing. But the differences begin where it ends.

Shvabrin plays a negative role. He is on duty in Belgorod fortress. He is sent there because he commits murder. When Emelyan Pugachev's uprising begins, he supports the rebel without any doubt. Since his main qualities are cunning and deceit, he does not care about moral duty at all. There is nothing to say about the feelings of the people around him. His beloved Maria Mironova does not reciprocate his feelings and he decides to take her by force. But since it doesn’t look the way it should look to an officer, it’s not difficult to predict his actions. Conspiracies and pretense in relation to his friend, who has a better chance of marrying Maria, do not take long to come!

Grinev is the complete opposite of him. His decision to go to this fortress was guided by duty to the fatherland, and not by various tricks or crimes. He obeys and obeys his father and therefore he considers him a good son. All instructions received before leaving are followed impeccably. Protecting his honor from a young age, Grinev wants to become a good officer and commander. And since the oath is not an empty phrase for him, then during an uprising he begins to act like a loyal warrior of the empress. Why does Maria choose honest man? To understand, it’s worth taking a closer look at both of them.

Peter does not want to commit meanness, but on the contrary wants to prove his love through actions. Therefore, he dares to take various actions that distinguish him favorably from the general background. Then, after receiving a refusal, Alexey Shvabrin begins to speak extremely negatively about the young lady herself. Moreover, he secretly starts negative rumors that affect the girl’s reputation. Because of this, a quarrel between two young people begins. But the girl’s honor is not an empty phrase for Peter, and he schedules a duel after all the circumstances are clarified. But fate is not on your side decent people. Turning away for a moment, Grinev expects a blow in the back, which turns out to be decisive in this confrontation. The duel ends with Alexei's victory.

After the siege began, it was with the support of Shvabrin that Pugachev took the fortress into his own hands. By appointing him in charge, he actually frees his hands. And since he also grovels in every possible way, no proof of loyalty is required. Maria falls into a kind of captivity, which fetters her actions. Alexey begins to force her to marry him. When Grinev learns about this in a letter, he immediately rushes to the girl’s rescue. This evokes respect not only from her, but also from the rebel himself.

Even from these words, one can understand that Pyotr Grinev is driven by decency, honor, courage and dedication. Then, like Alexey Shvabrin, he is driven by lies, hypocrisy and backstabbing. And repeated denunciations only confirm that such people are simply not needed even in the ranks of those who decide to go against the crown and the state.

Take care of your honor from a young age.

Proverb

It has long been noticed that, overcoming life’s difficulties and confronting the vicissitudes of fate, some people become stronger, more tempered, more courageous, while others give up and break. Presenting unexpected surprises, life seems to test people for strength of character, for the stability of their moral values, and for honesty with themselves. Such a “testing” test was for many peasant war under the leadership of Pugachev. Participation in the Pugachev uprising and its suppression clearly highlighted two unforgettable characters in the story - Pyotr Grinev and Alexei Shvabrin.

From the very beginning of the story, we have the opportunity to observe what events and factors leave their deep imprints on the character of Pyotr Grinev, shaping him. At the beginning of the story, Peter is a gullible and naive young man, but even then he sacredly fulfills the behest of his father, who accompanied him to service: “Take care of honor from a young age.” Deep shame and remorse seize Peter after a cheerful feast with his new acquaintance Zurin. However, in spite of everything, Peter considers it a matter of honor to give him the money lost in a dishonest game. Grinev shows kindness, generosity and simple human gratitude towards the man who saved him during a snowstorm and subsequently turned out to be the leader of the peasant uprising, Pugachev.

Having served in the Belogorsk fortress, Pyotr Grinev gets acquainted with all its inhabitants, becoming especially close to the family of the commandant of the fortress Mironov and Alexey Shvabrin.

As love and tenderness for Masha Mironova grows and strengthens in Grinev’s heart, the reasons for Shvabrin’s base and vile impulses are revealed to him. After all, Shvabrin was once also in love with Marya Ivanovna, but, having received a refusal, now he cannot come to terms with it, and is trying to denigrate her by inventing gossip and nasty things about her and her family. Realizing this, Grinev stands up for the girl’s honor and challenges the offender to a duel. It is unknown how the fight would have ended if Shvabrin had not wounded Peter with a dishonorable blow.

Shvabrin can’t bear to see the attention and concern that Masha and her family surrounded the wounded Grinev. He writes an anonymous letter to Peter's father, after which, enraged by his son's act, the father does not give young Grinov consent to marry his beloved girl.

When the wave of uprising reached the walls of the Belogorsk fortress, its inhabitants greeted the rebels in different ways. The commandant of the fortress and many officers fell at the hands of the stern Pugachev, refusing to recognize him as king. Pangs of conscience are not characteristic of Shvabrin. Without hesitation, he swore allegiance to Pugachev, kissed his hand, changed his clothes and cut his hair. For this man there is no concept of noble duty and he is ready to do anything to save his life. Remaining in charge of the fortress, this scoundrel locks up Masha Mironova on bread and water and threatens her in every possible way, trying to get her to become his wife. He feels his impunity and this makes him even more cruel.

By the will of fate, it turns out that the hare sheepskin coat, given by Grinev to Pugachev a long time ago, saves the young man’s life during the trial of the defenders of the fortress. Now his main task is to rescue Masha from captivity, give her protection and shelter. Honesty and straightforwardness, kindness, self-esteem and duty, nobility attract in Grinev not only the readers of the story, but also Pugachev himself, who knows how to appreciate the real merits of a person. After all, Grinev, turning to the state enemy for help, does not betray his oath and does not hide this from the formidable chieftain. Hoping for decency, understanding and human participation, Pyotr Grinev asks Pugachev for help and receives it. The girl and her good name are saved. Material from the site

Having been put on trial after the suppression of the uprising, Shvabrin does not even think of repenting of his base actions. He continues to shield himself, accusing Grinev of espionage and treason, thereby hoping once and for all to take revenge on his enemy, Shvabrin’s witness of baseness and meanness. Grinev once again shows nobility and breadth of soul, refusing to justify himself in the face of the empress and the entire state in order not to involve the name of his beloved girl, who was left an orphan and suffered difficult trials, in the trial.

For Pyotr Grinev, everything ends well, and we see that no vicissitudes or difficulties of fate can ever break a person if he is determined to fight for his principles, ideals, and love. Unprincipled and dishonest man, who has no sense of duty, often faces the fate of being left alone with his disgusting actions, baseness, meanness, without friends, loved ones and just close people.

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