Repnin summary. Alexey TolstoyPrince Silver (collection)
Poem by Vladimir Mayakovsky " Good attitude to horses" was created by the young futurist poet after the revolution, in 1918. Feeling like an outcast in the society around him, Mayakovsky accepted the revolution with great enthusiasm, hoping for significant changes, both in his life and in the life of ordinary people, however, he soon became disillusioned with her ideals, concluding for himself that although political system and has undergone changes, the majority of people have remained the same. Stupidity, cruelty, treachery and mercilessness remained the priority of the majority of representatives of almost all social classes, and it was impossible to do anything about it. The new state, promoting the primacy of equality and justice, was to Mayakovsky’s liking, but the people around him, who caused him suffering and pain, often received in response his evil ridicule and caustic jokes, which acted as defensive reaction young poet to the insults of the crowd.
Problems of the work
The poem was created by Mayakovsky after he himself witnessed how “a horse fell on its croup” on the icy pavement of the Kuznetsky Bridge. In his characteristic straightforward manner, he shows the reader how this happened and describes how the crowd who came running reacted to this, for which this incident seemed very comical and funny: “the laughter rang and tinkled: - The horse fell! The horse has fallen! “Kuznetsky laughed.”
And only one author, who happened to be passing nearby, did not want to become part of the crowd hooting and making fun of the poor creature. He was struck by the “animal melancholy” that lurked in the depths of the horse’s eyes, and he wanted to somehow support and cheer up the poor animal. Mentally, he asked her to stop crying and consoled her with the words: “Baby, we are all a little bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in our own way.”
And the red mare, as if feeling and understanding his kindness and warm participation in her fate, rises to her feet and moves on. The words of support that she received from a random passer-by give her the strength to overcome her problems, she again feels young and energetic, ready to continue the difficult, sometimes backbreaking hard labor: “And everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living, and it was worth working "
Composition and artistic techniques
To convey the atmosphere tragic loneliness the author uses various artistic techniques: sound writing (transmitting a description of an object through the sounds it makes) - the sound of horse hooves “mushroom, rake, coffin, rough”, alliteration - repetition of consonant sounds [l], [g], [r], [b] to create a sound for readers pictures of a horse clopping along the city pavement, assonance - the repetition of vowel sounds [u], [i], [a] helps to convey the sounds of the crowd “The horse has fallen! The horse has fallen!”, horse cries of pain and screams of onlookers.
The use of neologisms (kleshet, kaplishche, opita, ploshe) gives special sensuality and originality to Mayakovsky’s work, as well as vivid metaphors(the street overturned, melancholy poured out, laughter began to ring). The poem is rich in various rhymes:
- Truncated inaccurate(bad - horse, onlooker - tinkling), according to Mayakovsky, it led to unexpected associations, the appearance of atypical images and ideas, which he really liked;
- Unequally complex(wool - rustling, stall - standing);
- Composite(howl to him - in my own way, I alone - the horses);
- Homonemic(went - adjective, went - verb).
Mayakovsky compared himself to this driven, old horse, whose problems are laughed at and mocked by everyone who is too lazy. Like this red working mare, he needed simple human participation and understanding, dreamed of the most ordinary attention to his personality, which would help him live, give him strength, energy and inspiration to move forward along his difficult and sometimes very thorny creative path.
It's a shame, but inner world the poet, distinguished by his depth, fragility and inconsistency, was not particularly interested in anyone, not even his friends, which later led to tragic death poet. But in order to get at least a little friendly participation, you need to earn a simple human understanding and warmth, Mayakovsky didn’t even mind changing places with an ordinary horse.
Text of the poem “Good attitude towards horses”
Hooves struck.
It was as if they sang:
Experienced by the wind,
Shod with ice,
the street was slipping.
Horse on croup
crashed
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell! –
- The horse fell! –
Kuznetsky laughed.
horse eyes...
The street has turned over
flows in its own way...
I came up and saw -
behind the chapels chapels
rolls down the face,
hiding in the fur...
And some general
animal melancholy
splashes poured out of me
and blurred into a rustle.
“Horse, don’t.
Horse, listen -
Why do you think that you are worse than them?
we are all a little bit of a horse,
Each of us is a horse in our own way.”
May be,
- old -
and didn't need a nanny,
maybe my thought seemed to her
rushed
got to her feet,
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
The cheerful one came,
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she's a foal
and it was worth living,
and it was worth the work.
V. Mayakovsky’s poem “Good attitude towards horses” goes back to the pages of Russian classics and folklore. In Nekrasov, Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, the horse often symbolizes an uncomplaining, submissive worker, helpless and oppressed, evoking pity and compassion.
It’s curious what creative problem Mayakovsky solves in this case, what does the image of an unhappy horse mean to him? Mayakovsky is an artist whose public and aesthetic views were very revolutionary - with all their creativity they proclaimed the idea of a new life, new relationships between people. The poem “Good attitude towards horses” is novel artistic content and forms affirms the same idea.
Compositionally, the poem consists of 3 parts, symmetrically arranged: the first (“the horse fell”) and the third (“the horse… went”) frame the central one (“the horse’s eyes”). The parts are connected by both the plot (what happens to the horse) and the lyrical “I”. First, the attitude to what is happening is contrasted lyrical hero and crowds:
Kuznetsky laughed.
Then close-up the horse’s eyes and the tears in them “behind the drops of the chapel” are given - the moment of humanization, preparing the culmination of the lyrical hero’s experience:
We are all a little bit of a horse
Each of us is a horse in our own way.
The figurative system within which the lyrical conflict unfolds is represented by three sides: the horse, the street, and the lyrical hero.
The figure of Mayakovsky’s horse is very unique: it is devoid of signs of a victim. social conflict. There is neither a rider nor luggage that could personify hardships and oppression. And the moment of the fall is not due to fatigue or violence (“I was shod with ice, the street was slipping…”). The sound side of the verse emphasizes the hostility of the street. Alliteration:
not so much onomatopoeic (Mayakovsky did not like this), but rather meaningful and, in combination with the words “croup”, “crashed”, “huddled” at the sound level, gives an “increment” of meaning. The street in early Mayakovsky is often a metaphor for the old world, philistine consciousness, and an aggressive crowd.
The crowd will go wild... (“Here!”)
The crowd piled in, huge, angry. (“That’s how I became a dog.”)
In our case, this is also an idle crowd, dressed up:
...behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
The pants that Kuznetsky came to have bell-bottoms...
It is no coincidence that the street is Kuznetsky, which has a trail of certain associations since the time of Griboedov (“from where fashion came to us...”). The unceremoniousness of the crowd is emphasized by the choice of verbs: “the laughter rang and tinkled.” The sounds “z”, “zv”, persistently repeated, reinforce the meaning of the word “onlooker”; the same is emphasized by the rhyme: “onlooker” - “tinkled.”
Contrasting the “voice” of the lyrical hero with the “howl” of the crowd and bringing it closer to the object of everyone’s attention is carried out lexically, syntactically, phonetically, intonationally, and also with the help of rhymes. Parallelism of verbal constructions (“I came up and saw”), rhymes (“I am the only one” - “horse”, “howl to him” - “in my own way”, visual (eyes) and sound images (“behind the temples of the temple...rolls”, “splash”) - a means of enhancing the impression of the picture itself, thickening the emotions of the lyrical hero.
“General animal melancholy” is a metaphor for the complex psychological state the lyrical hero, his mental fatigue, hopelessness. The sounds “sh - shch”, going back to the word “general”, become cross-cutting. The affectionate and condescending address “baby” is addressed to “the one in need of a nanny,” that is, to the one who state of mind associates with Mayakovsky’s soft and, in its own way, deep maxim: “... we are all a little bit of a horse, each of us is a horse in our own way.” Central image the poem is enriched with new semantic shades and acquires psychological depth.
If Roman Yakobson is right, he believed that Mayakovsky’s poetry
is “the poetry of highlighted words,” then such words in the final fragment of the poem should be considered, apparently, “worth living.” Pun rhyme (“went” - “went”), persistent reinforcement of meaning with sound and rhyme (“ ditch got lost”, “ LOL anula”, “ R s and th R baby”-“ and e R child”), repetition of etymologically similar words (“stood up”, “became”, “stall”), homographic proximity (“stall” - “stood”) give an optimistic, life-affirming character to the ending of the poem.
The hooves beat
It was as if they sang:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind,
shod with ice
the street was slipping.
Horse on croup
crashed
and immediately
behind the onlooker there is an onlooker,
Kuznetsky came to flare his pants,
huddled together
laughter rang and tinkled:
- The horse fell!
- The horse fell! —
Kuznetsky laughed.
There's only one me
did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and I see
horse eyes...
The street has turned over
flows in its own way...
I came up and saw -
Behind the chapels of the chapels
rolls down the face,
hiding in the fur...
And some general
animal melancholy
splashes poured out of me
and blurred into a rustle.
“Horse, don’t.
Horse, listen -
Why do you think that you are worse than these?
Baby,
we are all a little bit of a horse,
Each of us is a horse in our own way.”
May be,
- old -
and didn't need a nanny,
maybe my thought seemed to go well with her,
only
horse
rushed
got to her feet,
neighed
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red-haired child.
The cheerful one came,
stood in the stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she's a foal
and it was worth living,
and it was worth the work.
Analysis of the poem “Good attitude towards horses” by Mayakovsky
Poem “Good attitude towards horses” - shining example creative originality Mayakovsky's talent. The poet was a complex, contradictory personality. His works did not fit into accepted standards. IN Tsarist Russia The futurist movement was sharply condemned. Mayakovsky warmly welcomed the revolution. He believed that after the coup d'etat, people's lives would change dramatically, and incomparably better side. The poet longed for change not so much in politics as in human consciousness. His ideal was purification from all prejudices and remnants of bourgeois society.
But already the first months of existence Soviet power showed that the vast majority of the population remained the same. The change of regime did not produce a revolution in human consciousness. Misunderstanding and dissatisfaction with the results grows in Mayakovsky’s soul. Subsequently, this will lead to a severe mental crisis and suicide of the poet.
In 1918, Mayakovsky wrote the poem “Good attitude towards horses,” which stands out from general series works of praise created in the first days of the revolution. At a time when the essential foundations of the state and society are being destroyed, the poet turns to a strange topic. He describes his personal observation: an exhausted horse fell on the Kuznetsky Bridge, which immediately attracted a crowd of onlookers.
Mayakovsky is amazed by the situation. The country is undergoing tremendous changes that influence the course of world history. A new world is being built. Meanwhile, the crowd's focus is on a fallen horse. And the saddest thing is that none of the “builders of the new world” are going to help the poor animal. There is deafening laughter. Out of the entire huge crowd, one poet feels sympathy and compassion. He is able to truly see the “horse’s eyes” filled with tears.
The main idea of the work is contained in the lyrical hero’s address to the horse. The indifference and heartlessness of people led to the fact that man and animal changed places. The horse is burdened with hard work; on a common basis with the person, it contributes to a joint difficult task. People show their animal nature by mocking her suffering. For Mayakovsky, the horse becomes closer and dearer than the “human garbage” surrounding him. He addresses the animal with warm words of support, in which he admits that “we are all a little bit of a horse.” Human participation gives the horse strength, it gets up on its own and continues on its way.
Mayakovsky in his work criticizes people for callousness and indifference. He believes that only mutual support and assistance will help his fellow citizens overcome all difficulties and not lose their humanity.
