Biography of Bulgakov main dates. Interesting biography of Mikhail Bulgakov: briefly the most important things

Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 3 (15), 1891 in Kyiv in the family of Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov, a teacher at the Theological Academy. Since 1901 future writer was getting elementary education at the First Kyiv Gymnasium. In 1909 he entered the Faculty of Medicine at Kiev University. In his second year, in 1913, Mikhail Afanasyevich married Tatyana Lappa.

Medical practice

After graduating from university in 1916, Bulgakov got a job in one of the Kyiv hospitals. In the summer of 1916 he was sent to the village of Nikolskoye, Smolensk province. IN short biography Bulgakov cannot fail to mention that during this period the writer became addicted to morphine, but thanks to the efforts of his wife he was able to overcome the addiction.

During civil war in 1919, Bulgakov was mobilized as a military doctor into the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, and then into the army Southern Russia. In 1920, Mikhail Afanasyevich fell ill with typhus, so he could not leave the country with the Volunteer Army.

Moscow. The beginning of a creative journey

In 1921, Bulgakov moved to Moscow. He is actively involved literary activity, begins to collaborate with many periodicals Moscow - “Gudok”, “Worker”, etc., takes part in meetings of literary circles. In 1923, Mikhail Afanasyevich joined the All-Russian Writers Union, which also included A. Volynsky, F. Sologub, Nikolai Gumilev, Korney Chukovsky, Alexander Blok.

In 1924, Bulgakov divorced his first wife, and a year later, in 1925, he married Lyubov Belozerskaya.

Mature creativity

In 1924 - 1928, Bulgakov created his most famous works - “The Diaboliad”, “Heart of a Dog”, “Blizzard”, “Fatal Eggs”, the novel “ White Guard"(1925), "Zoyka's Apartment", the play "Days of the Turbins" (1926), "Crimson Island" (1927), "Running" (1928). In 1926, the Moscow Art Theater premiered the play “Days of the Turbins” - the work was staged on the personal instructions of Stalin.

In 1929, Bulgakov visited Leningrad, where he met E. Zamyatin and Anna Akhmatova. Due to his sharp criticism of the revolution in his works (in particular, in the novel “Days of the Turbins”), Mikhail Afanasyevich was summoned several times for interrogation by the OGPU. Bulgakov is no longer published; his plays are prohibited from being staged in theaters.

Last years

In 1930, Mikhail Afanasyevich personally wrote a letter to I. Stalin asking for the right to leave the USSR or to be allowed to earn a living. After this, the writer was able to get a job as an assistant director at the Moscow Art Theater. In 1934 Bulgakov was accepted into Soviet Union writers, whose chairmen are different time there were Maxim Gorky, Alexei Tolstoy, A. Fadeev.

In 1931, Bulgakov broke up with L. Belozerskaya, and in 1932 he married Elena Shilovskaya, whom he had known for several years.

Mikhail Bulgakov, whose biography was full of events of different nature, last years I was very sick. The writer was diagnosed with hypertensive nephrosclerosis (kidney disease). On March 10, 1940, Mikhail Afanasyevich died. Bulgakov was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

Master and Margarita

“The Master and Margarita” is the most important work of Mikhail Bulgakov, which he dedicated to his last wife Elena Sergeevna Bulgakova, and worked on it for more than ten years until his death. The novel is the most discussed and important work in the biography and work of the writer. During the writer's lifetime, The Master and Margarita was not published due to censorship bans. The novel was first published in 1967.

Other biography options

• There were seven children in the Bulgakov family - three sons and four daughters. Mikhail Afanasyevich was the eldest child.
• Bulgakov’s first work was the story “The Adventures of Svetlana,” which Mikhail Afanasyevich wrote at the age of seven.
• Bulgakov with early years He had an exceptional memory and read a lot. One of the largest books that the future writer read at the age of eight was V. Hugo’s novel “Notre Dame de Paris.”
• Bulgakov’s choice of becoming a doctor was influenced by the fact that most of his relatives were engaged in medicine.
• The prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky from the story “Heart of a Dog” was Bulgakov’s uncle, gynecologist N. M. Pokrovsky.

1891 , May 3 (15) - born in Kyiv in the family of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and his wife Varvara Mikhailovna (nee Pokrovskaya).

1901 , August 22 – enters the first grade of the First (Alexandrovskaya) Kyiv Gymnasium.

1909 – graduated from the Kyiv First Gymnasium and entered the medical faculty of Kyiv University.

1913 - enters into his first marriage - with Tatyana Lappa (1892–1982).

1916 , October 31 - received a medical diploma, was sent to work in the village of Nikolskoye, Smolensk province, then worked as a doctor in the city of Vyazma.
December – trip to Moscow.

1918 - returned to Kyiv, where he began private practice as a venereologist in a house on Andreevsky Spusk.
December – events take place in Kyiv, later described in the novel “The White Guard”.

1919 , February - mobilized as a military doctor in the Ukrainian Army People's Republic.
Mobilized to White Armed forces South of Russia and was appointed military doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment.
November 26 – the first publication of M. A. Bulgakov: the feuilleton “Future Prospects” in the newspaper “Grozny”.

1920 , January 18 – publication of the feuilleton “In the Cafe” in the “Caucasian Newspaper”.
February 15 - the first issue of the newspaper "Caucasus" is published, of which Bulgakov becomes an employee.
Late February - Bulgakov falls ill with relapsing fever and remains in Vladikavkaz, captured by the Red Army.
Beginning of April - goes to work as head of the literary section of the arts subdepartment in the Vladikavkaz Revolutionary Committee (from the end of May he heads the theater section).
October 21 – premiere of the play “The Turbine Brothers”.

1921 , end of June - leaves for Batum. Meeting O. E. Mandelstam.
End of September - moves to Moscow and begins collaborating as a feuilletonist with metropolitan newspapers ("Gudok", "Rabochiy") and magazines (" Medical worker", "Russia", "Renaissance").
Publishes individual works in the newspaper "Nakanune", published in Berlin.
November-December - acquaintance with the typist I. S. Raaben (nee Count Kamenskaya), to whom Bulgakov dictates the first part of “Notes on Cuffs”.

1922 , March - works as a reporter for the Rabochiy newspaper and for the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Air Force Academy.
Beginning of April - he becomes a letter processor for the newspaper "Gudok".
June 18 – chapters from the story “Notes on Cuffs” were published in the Literary Supplement to the Berlin newspaper “Nakanune”.
October - Bulgakov becomes a feuilletonist in "Gudok" with a salary of 200 million rubles. Takes part in the activities of the literary circle "Green Lamp".
November - Bulgakov’s failed attempt to compile a “Dictionary of Russian Writers” and an announcement on this topic in the Berlin “New Russian Book” lead to the author coming to the attention of the OGPU.

1923 - joins the All-Russian Writers Union.
End of May - Bulgakov meets Alexei Tolstoy.

1924 - meets Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya (1895–1987), who recently returned from abroad, who became his wife in 1925.
October - Bulgakov and his wife moved to Obukhov Lane. Getting to know the Prechistensky circle.
The end of December - the first part of the novel "The White Guard" was published in the fourth issue of the magazine "Russia".

1925 , January – publication of the story “Bohemia”, start of work on the story “Heart of a Dog”.
February – publication of the story " Fatal eggs" in the sixth issue of the almanac "Nedra".
March 7 – reads “The Heart of a Dog” at the Nikitin subbotniks, which results in a detailed report from a secret informant in the OGPU about the content of the story and the public’s reaction to it.
April 3 – Bulgakov receives an invitation to collaborate with the Moscow Art Theater.
End of April - the second part of the novel "The White Guard" was published in the fifth issue of the magazine "Russia".
June - early July - M.A. Bulgakov and L.E. Belozerskaya rest in Koktebel at the invitation of M.A. Voloshin.
Summer - work on the play "The White Guard".
September 1 – reading of the first version of the play by K. S. Stanislavsky in his apartment.
September 11 - Bulgakov receives news that the story “The Heart of a Dog” was rejected by L. B. Kamenev.

1926 , January – conclusion of an agreement with E. B. Vakhtangov’s studio for the play “Zoyka’s Apartment”; concluding an agreement with the Moscow Chamber Theater for the play "Crimson Island".
May 7 – The OGPU conducts a search of Bulgakov, as a result of which the manuscript of the story “Heart of a Dog” and Personal diary writer.
Since October at the Moscow Art Theater with great success The play “Days of the Turbins” is playing. Its production was allowed only for a year, but was later extended several times. I. Stalin liked the play and watched it more than 14 times.
At the end of October at the Theater. Vakhtangov, the premiere of the play based on M. A. Bulgakov’s play “Zoyka’s Apartment” was a great success.
Intensive and harsh criticism of M. A. Bulgakov’s work began in the Soviet press. According to his own calculations, over 10 years there were 298 abusive reviews and 3 favorable ones. Among the critics were influential writers (Mayakovsky, Bezymensky, Averbakh, Shklovsky, Kerzhentsev and others).

1927 , February 7 – Bulgakov participates in a debate on the topic “Days of the Turbins” and “Yarovaya’s Love” at the Meyerhold Theater.”
March – the contract for the play “Heart of a Dog” was terminated and the contract for the play “Knights of the Seraphim” (“Running”) was concluded.
August - M.A. Bulgakov and L.E. Belozerskaya move to a separate rented apartment on Bolshaya Pirogovskaya Street.
December – the first volume of the novel “The White Guard” is published in Paris by the Concord publishing house.

1928 – Bulgakov travels with his wife to the Caucasus, where they visited Tiflis, Batum, Cape Verde, Vladikavkaz, Gudermes.
The premiere of the play “Crimson Island” took place in Moscow.
The idea of ​​the novel, later called “The Master and Margarita”.
The writer begins work on a play about Moliere (“The Cabal of the Holy One”).
December 11 – premiere of the play “Crimson Island” at the Moscow Chamber Theater.

1929 , February 28 - Bulgakov met Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, née Nuremberg. Mention of the new novel by M. A. Bulgakov (the future “The Master and Margarita”) in one of the intelligence reports.
March 17 – the last performance of “Zoyka’s Apartment”.
April – “Days of the Turbins” was removed from the repertoire.
May 8 – Bulgakov submits the chapter “Mania Furibunda” from the novel “The Engineer’s Hoof” to the Nedra publishing house.
The beginning of June is the last performance of “Crimson Island”.
July 30 - Bulgakov sends a letter of application to I.V. Stalin, M.I. Kalinin and others with a request to leave the USSR and meets with the head of the Main Art Department A.I. Svidersky, who informs the Secretary of the Central Committee A.P. Smirnov about this conversation .
October - Bulgakov's books are removed from libraries.
Start of work on the play "The Cabal of the Holy One".

1930 , February 11 – public reading of the play “The Cabal of the Saint” at the Drama Union.
March 18 – The General Repertoire Committee bans the play “The Cabal of the Saint.”
March 28 – Bulgakov writes a letter to the USSR Government.
April 18 (Friday Holy Week) - telephone conversation between M. A. Bulgakov and I. V. Stalin.
May 10 – enters the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director.
May - start of work on the dramatization of N.V. Gogol's poem " Dead Souls".
October - V.I. Nemirovich-Danchenko rejects Bulgakov's version " Dead souls".

1931 , February – K. S. Stanislavsky joins the rehearsals of “Dead Souls”.
October 12 – a contract for the production of “Molière” was signed with the BDT.
November 19 – decision of the Artistic and Political Council of the Bolshoi Drama Theater on the inappropriateness of staging the play “Molière”.
He begins work on the novel "The Master and Margarita" again. The novel “The Master and Margarita” was first published in the magazine “Moscow” in No. 11 for 1966 and in No. 1 for 1967.

1932 – on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater there was a production of the play “Dead Souls” by Nikolai Gogol, staged by Bulgakov.

1934 , June - Bulgakov was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.

1935 - performed on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater as an actor - in the role of a Judge in the play " Pickwick Club"According to Dickens.

1936 , February – premiere of the play “The Cabal of the Holy One” (“Molière”, a play in four acts, written in 1929) on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater. The performance was performed seven times and after the article “External splendor and false content” in Pravda of March 9, 1936, it was banned.

1940 , March 10 - Bulgakov died in Moscow and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery. At his grave, at the request of his widow E. S. Bulgakova, a stone nicknamed “Golgotha” was installed, which previously lay on the grave of N. V. Gogol.

Bulgakov chronological table The life and work of the Russian writer is presented in this article.

Bulgakov chronological table

May 3 (15), 1891 — Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov was born in Kyiv. Bulgakov's father was an associate professor at the Kyiv Theological Academy. Mikhail was the eldest of her seven children.

1901 – 1909 – study at the First Kyiv Alexanderovskaya Gymnasium for men.

1908 – Bulgakov meets his future wife Tatyana Lappa, the daughter of the manager of the Treasury Chamber. She was also a high school student at that time and came to Kyiv on vacation from Saratov.

1909 – admission to the medical faculty of Kyiv University.

1914 – Bulgakov, a medical student, helps organize an infirmary for the wounded in Saratov at the Treasury Chamber, works there as a doctor.

1915 - wedding of Bulgakov and Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa. Work at the Kiev military hospital.

May – September 1916 – Bulgakov works as a doctor in front-line hospitals in Kamenets-Podolsk and Chernivtsi. At this time, he was enrolled as a reserve doctor of the Moscow Military Sanitary Administration for secondment to the Smolensk governor for the purpose of working in zemstvos. Begins practice at the Nikolsk Zemstvo Hospital of the Sychevsky district of the Smolensk province.

October 1916 - Mikhail Bulgakov receives a medical degree at Kiev University. Starts to write

1917 – Mikhail Bulgakov is transferred to the Vyazemsky city zemstvo hospital as head of the infectious diseases and venereal department.

1918 - The Bulgakov family returns to Kyiv.

1921 - moving to Moscow. Works for various newspapers, writes “Notes on Cuffs.”

1923 - work on the novel “The White Guard”.

1924 – Mikhail Bulgakov is divorcing Tatyana Nikolaevna.

1925 - “Heart of a Dog”, “Zoyka’s Apartment” and “Days of the Turbins” were written. In April, the writer marries Belozerskaya. In the same year, a collection of works by Mikhail Bulgakov, “The Diaboliad,” was published.

1926 - moving to Leningrad. Bulgakov quickly entered the circle of poets and writers, establishing friendly relations with Anna Akhmatova and Yevgeny Zamyatin.

1929 - an order is issued to remove all the playwright’s plays from the repertoire of Soviet theaters. Mikhail Bulgakov writes letters to Stalin and Kalinin asking for permission to emigrate, since he cannot earn money here. The same year dates back to his acquaintance with Elena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, who would later become the writer’s third wife.

1930 - return to Moscow, where Bulgakov becomes director of the Moscow Art Theater. This is preceded by a conversation personally with I.V. Stalin.

1932 - divorce from Belozerskaya and marriage to E.S. Shilovskaya.
June, 1934 – Bulgakov was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.

1936 – beginning of collaboration with the Bolshoi Theater as a librettist and translator.

1938 – Bulgakov is finishing work on the novel “The Master and Margarita.”

March 10, 1940– died of kidney disease (nephrosclerosis). He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Bulgakov's chronological table can be briefly compiled based on his biography in the dates above.

Russian writer. Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 15 (old style - May 3) 1891 in Kyiv, in the family of Associate Professor of the Kyiv Theological Academy Afanasy Ivanovich Bulgakov and Varvara Mikhailovna (nee Pokrovskaya). The name of the eldest son and future writer was given in honor of the guardian of the city of Kyiv, Archangel Michael. Later, the following were born into the Bulgakov family: Vera (1892), Nadezhda (1895), Varvara (1895), Nikolai (1898), Ivan (1900), Elena (1902).

On August 18, 1900, Mikhail Bulgakov entered the preparatory class of the Second Kyiv Gymnasium, and on August 22, 1901 - into the first class of the First Kyiv Alexander Gymnasium for men. On March 14, 1907, Mikhail Bulgakov’s father died of nephrosclerosis. In May 1909, Bulgakov graduated from the First Alexander Gymnasium, and on August 21 he was enrolled as a student at the Faculty of Medicine at Kyiv University. On April 26, 1915, in the Kiev-Podolsk Church of St. Nicholas the Good, the wedding of Mikhail Bulgakov took place with Tatyana Nikolaevna Lappa, the daughter of the manager of the Treasury Chamber, whom Mikhail met back in 1908 (the Saratov high school student came to Kiev on vacation).

Back in the summer of 1914, after the outbreak of the First World War on July 19, Bulgakov took part in organizing an infirmary for the wounded at the Treasury Chamber in Saratov and worked there as a doctor. In April-May 1915, he applied to serve as a doctor in the naval department, but was declared unfit for duty. military service for health. After receiving permission from the rector of the university, on May 18 Bulgakov began working at the Kiev military hospital in Pechersk. In May-September 1916 he worked as a doctor in the front-line hospitals of Kamenets-Podolsk and Chernivtsi. On July 16, he was enlisted as a “reserve doctor of the Moscow Military Sanitary Administration” for secondment to the Smolensk governor for the purpose of working in zemstvos. On October 31, 1916, at Kiev University, Mikhail Bulgakov received a diploma confirming “the degree of doctor with honors with all the rights and benefits, laws Russian Empire awarded this degree."

In the summer of 1917, Bulgakov began using morphine regularly: after he was forced to vaccinate himself against diphtheria, fearing infection due to a tracheotomy performed on a sick child, the severe itching that began was suppressed by morphine; as a result, drug use became a habit. On September 18, 1917, Bulgakov, who received a certificate from the Sychevsky district zemstvo government stating that he “has proven himself to be an energetic and tireless worker,” was transferred to the Vyazma city zemstvo hospital as the head of the infectious and venereal department. In the fall of 1917, Mikhail Bulgakov began work on the cycle autobiographical stories about medical practice at Nikolskaya Hospital. In December 1917 he came to Moscow for the first time, staying with his uncle, the famous Moscow doctor N.M. Pokrovsky (prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky from the story “Heart of a Dog”).

On February 19, 1918, Bulgakov was released from military service due to illness and at the end of the month returned with his wife to Kyiv. In the spring of 1918, with the help of his mother’s second husband, doctor Ivan Pavlovich Voskresensky, Mikhail Bulgakov got rid of morphinism and opened a private practice as a venereologist. At the beginning of February 1919, as a military doctor, he was mobilized into the army of the Ukrainian People's Republic, and on the night of February 3, during the retreat of Ukrainian troops from Kiev, he successfully deserted. At the end of August 1919, according to one version, Bulgakov was mobilized into the Red Army as a military doctor; On October 14-16, together with units of the Red Army, he returned to Kiev and, during street fighting, went over to the side of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia (according to another version, he was captured by them) and became a military doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment. In November, as a military doctor of the 3rd Terek Cossack Regiment, Bulgakov took part in the campaign against Chechen-aul and Shali-aul against the rebel Chechens. Since the beginning of December, he worked in a military hospital in Vladikavkaz. At the end of December, Mikhail Bulgakov left his service in the hospital and stopped practicing medicine. From that moment on, he began to engage in literature professionally - he worked as a journalist in local newspapers ("Caucasian Newspaper", "Caucasus"). Bulgakov's first publication took place on November 26, 1919 in the newspaper "Grozny" (the feuilleton "Future Prospects" was published with the initials M.B.).

He moved to Moscow in 1921. He served as secretary of the Main Political Education Department under the People's Commissariat for Education. In 1921-1926 he collaborated with the Moscow editorial office of the Berlin newspaper "Nakanune", publishing essays about the life of Moscow, with the newspapers "Gudok", "Rabochiy", the magazine "Medical Worker" (published "Notes of a Young Doctor"), "Russia", "Renaissance" (published "Notes on Cuffs" and the novel "The White Guard"). First collection satirical stories"Diaboliada" (1925) caused controversy in the press. In 1926, Bulgakov's play "Days of the Turbins" was staged at the Moscow Art Theater; in 1926-1929 at the Evg. Vakhtangov staged Bulgakov's play "Zoyka's Apartment", in 1928-1929 in Moscow Chamber Theater"Crimson Island" was rehearsed. Literary criticism late 20s negatively assessed Bulgakov's work. By 1930, his works were not published; the plays were removed from the theater repertoire. In 1930 he worked in Central Theater working youth (TRAM). 1930-1936 - at the Moscow Art Theater as an assistant director, on whose stage in 1932 he staged “Dead Souls” by N.V. Gogol. From 1936 - to Bolshoi Theater as a librettist and translator. He died on March 10, 1940 in Moscow. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

From Mikhail Bulgakov’s “Letter to the Government of the USSR” dated March 28, 1930: “Having analyzed my scrapbooks, I discovered in the USSR press for ten years of my literary work 301 reviews about me. Of these: there were 3 commendable ones, 298 hostile and abusive ones. [...] They wrote “about Bulgakov, who was, and will remain, a new-bourgeois spawn, sprinkling poisoned but powerless saliva on the working class and its communist ideals” ( "Koms. Pravda", 14/X-1926). [...] I do not prove with documents in hand that the entire press of the USSR, and with it all the institutions entrusted with the control of the repertoire, during all the years of my literary work unanimously and with extraordinary fury proved that the works of Mikhail Bulgakov in The USSR cannot exist. And I declare that the USSR press is absolutely right. [...] I ASK THE USSR GOVERNMENT TO ORDER ME TO LEAVE THE USSR ASAP, ACCOMPANIED BY MY WIFE LYUBOVE EVGENIEVNA BULGAKOVA. I appeal to humanity Soviet power and I ask me, a writer who cannot be useful in his own country, to generously release him. If what I wrote is unconvincing, and I am doomed to lifelong silence in the USSR, I ask the Soviet Government to give me a job in my specialty and send me to the theater to work as a full-time director. I specifically and emphatically ask for a categorical order for a secondment, because all my attempts to find work in the only area where I can be useful to the USSR as an exceptionally qualified specialist have been a complete fiasco. My name has been made so odious that job offers on my part have been met with fear [...] I am asking to be appointed as a laboratory assistant-director in the 1st Art Theater- V the best school, headed by masters K. S. Stanislavsky and V. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. If I am not appointed director, I am asking to full-time position extras. If you can’t be an extra, I’m asking for the position of stagehand. If this is also impossible, I ask the Soviet Government to deal with me as it sees fit, but to do it somehow, because I, a playwright who wrote 5 plays, known in the USSR and abroad, have, in this moment, - poverty, street and death."

Among the works are plays, novels, stories, short stories, feuilletons, essays: “Sketches of a Zemstvo Doctor” (1919; early edition of the series “Notes of a Young Doctor”), “Self-Defense” (1920; humoresque play in one act; premiere - June 4 1920 on the stage of the First Soviet theater Vladikavkaz), "The Turbin Brothers ("The hour has struck"; 1920; drama; premiere - October 21, 1920 at the First Soviet Theater of Vladikavkaz), "Crimson Island" (1924, production 1928, comedy), "Diaboliada" (1925, collection of satirical stories ), "Fatal Eggs" (1925, published 1987, satirical fantastic story), “The Heart of a Dog” (1925, published in 1987, a satirical fantasy story), “Notes of a Young Doctor” (1925-1926), “The White Guard” (1925-1927, novel), “Days of the Turbins” (1925-1927, a play based on the novel "The White Guard", staged in 1926), "Stories" (1926, a collection of satirical stories and feuilletons), "Treatise on Life" (1926, a collection of satirical stories and feuilletons), "Zoyka's Apartment" (production 1926, comedy), "Running" (1926-1928, play staged 1957), "The Master and Margarita" (1929-1940, published in 1966 - 1967, philosophical novel), "The Cabal of the Holy" ("Molière", 1930-1936, production 1943, historical drama), "The Life of Monsieur de Molière" (1932-1933, published 1962, biographical story), " Last days"("Pushkin", 1934-1935, production 1943, historical drama), " Theatrical novel"("Notes of a Dead Man", 1936-1937, published in 1965, unfinished, ironic paraphrase of the history of the Moscow Art Theater of the 1920s).

Information sources:

Bulgakov Encyclopedia - www.bulgakov.ru

Project "Russia Congratulates!" - www.prazdniki.ru

Chronology of the life and work of Mikhail Bulgakov

1891– On May 3 (15), in Kyiv, the first child, named Mikhail, is born into the family of Afanasy Ivanovich and Varvara Mikhailovna Bulgakov.

1900– Misha enters the preparatory class of the Second Kyiv Gymnasium.

1901– Misha is enrolled in the 1st grade of the First Kyiv Alexanderovskaya Gymnasium for men.

1907– The Bulgakov family moves to the address: Andreevsky Spusk, 13, apt. 2. In the same year, Afanasy Ivanovich, the writer’s father, died.

1908– Mikhail meets Tatyana Lappa.

1909– Mikhail graduates from high school and enters the Faculty of Medicine at Kiev University.

1913– Wedding of Mikhail Bulgakov and Tatyana Lappa.

1916– Mikhail graduates from the university and, having received a doctor’s diploma, goes to the South-Western Front as a Red Cross volunteer.

1917- Start literary creativity(first prose experiments) M. Bulgakov.

1918– In February, the young Bulgakovs return to Kyiv, where Mikhail is engaged in private venereology practice. In December, the Petliura regime was established in Kyiv.

1919– Bulgakov was mobilized into Petliura’s army, then into White army, which includes Vladikavkaz.

February 15, 1920– A successful doctor, M. Bulgakov experiences a spiritual crisis and leaves medicine forever, trying to devote himself entirely to literary creativity.

1921– Mikhail sends his first plays to the Moscow Mastcomdram competition, and on September 28 the Bulgakovs themselves move to Moscow, where they settle at the address: Bolshaya Sadovaya St., 10, apt. 50.

1922– On February 1, Varvara Mikhailovna, the writer’s mother, died. The newspaper Pravda published the first report of the aspiring journalist M. Bulgakov, at the same time his collaboration with the newspaper Gudok and other publications began. Bulgakov writes the poem "The Adventures of Chichikov."

1923– Bulgakov completes the story “The Diaboliad” and begins the novel “The White Guard”. On April 20, the young writer and journalist becomes a member of the All-Russian Writers Union.

1924- Bulgakov finishes the story “Fatal Eggs”. He breaks up with T. Lappa and marries L. Belozerskaya.

1925– Bulgakov finishes the novel “Heart of a Dog.” Based on the novel “The White Guard,” he creates the play “Days of the Turbins.”

1926– On October 5, the premieres of Bulgakov’s plays take place in Moscow: “Days of the Turbins” - at the Moscow Art Theater, “Zoykina’s Apartment” - at the Theater. Evg. Vakhtangov.

1926–1927– The persecution of Bulgakov the playwright begins on the pages of the press.

1928– Bulgakov writes the play “Running”. The General Repertoire Committee twice prohibits its production. The Chamber Theater hosts premiere show Bulgakov's play "Crimson Island".

1929– Bulgakov completes work on the play “The Cabal of the Holy One” (“Molière”). On February 28, he meets Elena Shilovskaya. On March 6, the decision of the Main Repertoire Committee was announced to remove all Bulgakov’s plays from the repertoire in all theaters. On October 2, Mikhail Afanasyevich leaves the All-Russian Writers Union.

1930– Ban on the production of “The Cabal of the Holy Ones.” On March 28, Bulgakov writes a letter to the USSR Government addressed to J.V. Stalin. April 18 – Stalin’s call to Bulgakov. Mikhail Afanasyevich becomes an official employee of the Moscow Art Theater.

1931– The play “Molière” has been approved for production. Bulgakov works a lot on theatrical performances.

1932– M. Bulgakov’s play “Days of the Turbins” has been resumed at the Moscow Art Theater.

1933– Bulgakov completes the novel “The Life of Monsieur de Molière.”

1934– Start of work at the Satire Theater on M. Bulgakov’s play “Ivan Vasilyevich.” Mikhail Afanasyevich was admitted to the Union of Soviet Writers.

1935–1936– A negative situation is being created around M. Bulgakov’s play “Alexander Pushkin”.

1936– Bulgakov is working on a libretto for the Bolshoi Theater.

1937– Bulgakov completes “Theatrical Novel”.

1939– Bulgakov writes and prepares for production the play “Batum”; At the same time, his physical condition deteriorates sharply.

1940– The terminally ill writer continues to work on the novel “The Master and Margarita.” On March 10, Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov died.