M Sholokhov chronological table. Mikhail Sholokhov

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov was born on May 24 (11), 1905 in the Kruzhilina village of the Veshenskaya region of the Don Army.
Sholokhov's father, Alexander Mikhailovich, came from a family of Sholokhov merchants, and was also engaged in trade.
Sholokhov's mother, Anastasia Danilovna, came from a family of serfs. She served as a maid in the house of landowner Popov.
1910 - the Sholokhov family moves to the Kargin farm. Seven-year-old Mikhail was accepted into a one-class men's parish school. Then he goes to the Bogucharsky men's gymnasium.
Due to the Civil War, Mikhail Sholokhov's education is limited to four classes. The writer said about himself: “I... was born from civil war on the Don."
1919 – Upper Don Cossack uprising. Sholokhov will describe everything he saw at this time in the novel “ Quiet Don».
1920 - Sholokhov begins to work. Over the course of a year, he changes several jobs: a teacher at an educational school, an employee of the village revolutionary committee, an accountant, and a journalist.
1921 - Mikhail Sholokhov becomes a tax inspector at the food appropriation system in the village of Bukanovskaya. He is soon removed from office. According to one version, for reducing taxes for the poor. According to the second, for abuse of power in grain procurements he is tried and even sentenced to death, which, however, is soon replaced by a suspended prison sentence.
Autumn 1922 - Sholokhov arrives in Moscow with the goal of enrolling in the workers' school. They don’t take him because he is not a member of the Komsomol. He decides to stay in Moscow and spends several years here, doing odd jobs: as a loader, accountant, bricklayer. At the same time, he tries to write, publishes essays and feuilletons in the capital’s press, and attends the “Young Guard” literary circle.
1923 - Sholokhov’s feuilletons “Test” and “Three” were published in the newspaper “Yunosheskaya Pravda”.
1924 - Mikhail Sholokhov gets married. His wife's name is Maria Petrovna, he will live with her until the end of his life.
1925 - Mikhail Sholokhov returns to his homeland and publishes his first collection “Don Stories”, which immediately attracts attention to his work young writer. In the same year he began to create his main work, the novel “Quiet Don”.
1926 – a collection of stories “Azure Steppe” was published.
1928 – the first two books of “Quiet Don” are published in the magazine “October”. The work causes heated debate in the professional literary community. The author is only 23 years old, but the novel was written, in the words of M. Gorky, “anathemically talented” and professionally.
The third book of the novel was not published immediately. The censorship points to Sholokhov's overly sympathetic portrayal of the 1919 Verkhnedon Cossack uprising.
There was a pause in the work on Quiet Don, and Sholokhov began writing another novel, Virgin Soil Upturned, dedicated to collectivization on the Don.
1932 – “Virgin Soil Upturned” was published. In the same year, I.V. himself drew attention to the novel “Quiet Don”. Stalin. By his order, publication is resumed. The writer joins the party.
1940 - released last book"Quiet Don"
The controversy that flared up around this work back in the late 1920s has not subsided. Some writers, including A. Solzhenitsyn, accuse Sholokhov of plagiarism. Allegedly, the novel was copied from the manuscripts of the Cossack writer F.D. Kryukov, found by Sholokhov back in Grazhdanskaya. The version of plagiarism is also supported by the fact that throughout his life the writer failed to create anything else even similar to “Quiet Don”, except perhaps the story “The Fate of a Man”... However, several examinations are carried out that show that the author of the epic is Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov.
1941 - Sholokhov was awarded the Order of Lenin for his novel “Quiet Don”, he was awarded Stalin Prize 1st degree in literature.
Great Patriotic War- Service as a war correspondent for the newspapers Pravda and Krasnaya Zvezda. The writer manages to visit five fronts. At the end of 1942, immediately after Battle of Stalingrad, they started the novel “They Fought for their Motherland.” The work was published in excerpts in 1943–1944 and 1949–1954.
1945 - Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov becomes a holder of the Order of Glory for military merit.
1955 - awarded the Order of Lenin.
1957 - the story “The Fate of Man” was written.
1960 - Mikhail Sholokhov receives for the second book of “Virgin Soil Upturned” Lenin Prize.
1965 - award to Sholokhov Nobel Prize in the field of literature for "Quiet Don". In the same year, the writer received his Doctor's degree. philological sciences in Rostov State University, and the University of Leipzig (GDR) elects him Honorary Doctor.
1967 and 1980 - Sholokhov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
June 1973 - in Bulgaria, Mikhail Alexandrovich receives the Order of Cyril and Methodius, 1st degree.
May 1975 – Presidium World Council Peace in Stockholm is awarded to Sholokhov international prize World in the field of culture for his outstanding contribution to strengthening peace and friendship between peoples.
May 23, 1981 - a monument-bust of twice Hero of Socialist Labor M.A. Sholokhov was unveiled in the village of Veshenskaya.
February 21, 1984 - Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov dies in his homeland, in the village of Veshenskaya. He was buried there.

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov- Russian writer and public figure, one of the largest authors of Soviet “official” literature, Nobel Prize laureate. Endowed with an original epic talent, he acted as a successor to the traditions of L. Tolstoy’s realism on new life material and in new conditions. historical era. Sholokhov brought world fame epic “Quiet Don”, ranked among the most powerful novels of the twentieth century.

Life of M. Sholokhov in dates and facts

May 24, 1905- was born in the Kruzhilin farmstead of the Donetsk district of the Don Army Region (now Sholokhovsky district of the Rostov region), in the family of a clerk-manager of a steam mill.

1914 —1918- studied in Moscow, in the city of Boguchar, Voronezh province, and also in the village of Veshenskaya. He graduated from the 4th grade of the gymnasium, after which for two years he tried himself in various small positions that required basic knowledge: he taught adult farmers to read and write, conducted a population census, served in the village revolutionary committee, and worked as a teacher. primary school, clerk of a procurement office. After completing tax courses, he served for some time as a food inspector, after which he took part in food allocation as part of a food detachment.

IN 1922 For “excesses” in the food appropriation system, the revolutionary tribunal sentenced Sholokhov to death, however, taking into account the minor age of the offender, he replaced the death penalty with a suspended sentence. That same year, Sholokhov left for Moscow in the hope of continuing his education and pursuing literary activity. But the writer didn’t have enough to enter the workers’ school length of service and the direction of the Komsomol, so he was forced to earn a living by hard work as a loader, mason, and laborer. A artistic creativity required self-education and work on oneself, which Sholokhov sought to make up for by participating in work literary group"Young Guard" and visits training sessions, which were carried out by V. B. Shklovsky, O. M. Brik, N. N. Aseev.

1923— Sholokhov’s first feuilletons were published in the newspaper “Yunosheskaya Pravda”.

1924 G. — published his first story "Mole". At the end of the same year, the writer moved to the Karginskaya village, from where he moved to the Bukanovskaya village, where he married M.P. Gromoslavskaya, the daughter of the former village ataman.

1926- books by Sholokhov appeared "Don Stories" And "Azure Steppe".

1928 —1940- created an epic novel "Quiet Don", for which he was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1941. The writer donated this award to the National Defense Fund. Material from the site

1931 —1959- worked on a novel "Virgin Soil Upturned".

1941 —1945- was a war correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper. Started writing a novel based on personal impressions "They fought for their homeland", excerpts from which he published from time to time until 1954. The novel remained unfinished.

1956— wrote a story "The Fate of Man".

1965. - was awarded the Nobel Prize with the wording “for artistic power and the integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia.”

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Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich - Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (1905-1984). Biography in dates and facts

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (1905-1984). Biography in dates and facts

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov
Epic

May 24, 1905

1914 - 1918

IN
1922

1923- Sholokhov’s first feuilletons were published in the newspaper “Yunosheskaya”.

1924
G

1926

1928 - 1940

1931 - 1959

1941 - 1945

1956

1965

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov (1905-1984). biography in dates and facts

Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov- Russian writer and public figure, one of the largest authors of Soviet “official” literature, Nobel Prize laureate. Endowed with an original epic talent, he acted as a successor to the traditions of L. Tolstoy’s realism using new life material and in the conditions of a new historical era. Sholokhov brought world fame
Epic“Quiet Don”, ranked among the most powerful novels of the twentieth century.

Life of M. Sholokhov in dates and facts

1914 - 1918- studied in Moscow, in the city of Boguchar, Voronezh province, and also in the village of Veshenskaya. He graduated from the 4th grade of the gymnasium, after which for two years he tried himself in various small positions that required basic knowledge: he taught adult farmers to read and write, conducted a population census, served in the village revolutionary committee, worked as a primary school teacher, and as a clerk in a procurement office. After completing tax courses, he served for some time as a food inspector, after which he took part in food allocation as part of a food detachment.

IN
1922 For “excesses” in the food appropriation system, the revolutionary tribunal sentenced Sholokhov to death, however, taking into account the minor age of the offender, he replaced the death penalty with a suspended sentence. That same year, Sholokhov left for Moscow in the hope of continuing his education and engaging in literary activities. But to enter the workers' school, the writer did not have enough work experience and Komsomol direction, so he was forced to earn a living by hard work as a loader, mason, and laborer. And artistic creativity required self-education and work on oneself, which Sholokhov sought to make up for by participating in the work of the literary group “Young Guard” and attending training classes conducted by V. B. Shklovsky, O. M. Brik, N. N. Aseev.

1923— Sholokhov’s first feuilletons were published in the newspaper “Yunosheskaya Pravda”.

1924
G. — published his first story “Birthmark”. At the end of the same year, the writer moved to the Karginskaya village, from where he moved to the Bukanovskaya village, where he married M.P. Gromoslavskaya, the daughter of the former village ataman.

1926- Sholokhov’s books “Don Stories” and “Azure Steppe” appeared.

1928 - 1940— created the epic novel “Quiet Don,” for which he was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1941. The writer donated this award to the National Defense Fund.

1931 - 1959— worked on the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned.”

1941 - 1945- was a war correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper. Based on personal impressions, he began to write the novel “They Fought for the Motherland,” excerpts from which he published from time to time until 1954. The novel remained unfinished.

1956— wrote the story “The Fate of Man.”

1965. - was awarded the Nobel Prize with the wording “for the artistic strength and integrity of the epic about the Don Cossacks at a turning point for Russia.”

Chronological table creative path Sholokhov

Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov was born on May 24 (11), 1905 in the Kruzhilina village of the Veshenskaya region of the Don Army.
1919 Upper Don Cossack uprising. Sholokhov will describe everything he saw at this time in his novel Quiet Don.
1920 Sholokhov begins to work. Over the course of a year, he changes several jobs: a teacher at an educational school, an employee of the village revolutionary committee, an accountant, and a journalist.
1921 Mikhail Sholokhov becomes a tax inspector at the food appropriation system in the village of Bukanovskaya. He is soon removed from office. According to one version, for reducing taxes for the poor. According to the second, for abuse of power in grain procurements he is tried and even sentenced to death, which, however, is soon replaced by a suspended prison sentence.
In the fall of 1922, Sholokhov arrived in Moscow with the goal of enrolling in the workers' school. They don’t take him because he is not a member of the Komsomol. He decides to stay in Moscow and spends several years here, doing odd jobs: as a loader, accountant, bricklayer. At the same time, he tries to write, publishes essays and feuilletons in the capital’s press, and attends the Young Guard literary circle.
1923 Sholokhov’s feuilletons Trial and Three were published in the Yunosheskaya Pravda newspaper.
1925 Mikhail Sholokhov returns to his homeland and publishes his first collection, Don Stories, which immediately draws attention to the work of the young writer. In the same year he began creating his main work, the novel Quiet Don.
1926 A collection of short stories, The Azure Steppe, was published.
1928 The first two books of Quiet Don are published in the October magazine.
1932 Virgin Soil Upturned was published. In the same year, I.V. Stalin himself drew attention to the novel Quiet Don. By his order, publication is resumed. The writer joins the party.
1940 The last book of Quiet Don is published.
1941 Sholokhov was awarded the Order of Lenin for his novel Quiet Don, and he was awarded the 1st degree Stalin Prize in the field of literature.
The Great Patriotic War served as a war correspondent for the newspapers Pravda and Krasnaya Zvezda. The writer manages to visit five fronts. At the end of 1942, immediately after the Battle of Stalingrad, he began the novel They Fought for their Motherland. The work was published in excerpts in 1943-1944 and 1949-1954.
1945 Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov becomes a holder of the Order of Glory for military merit.
1955 Awarding of the Order of Lenin.
1957 The story The Fate of Man was written.
1960 Mikhail Sholokhov receives the Lenin Prize for his second book, Virgin Soil Upturned.
1965 Sholokhov was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for Quiet Don. In the same year, the writer received the degree of Doctor of Philological Sciences at Rostov State University, and the University of Leipzig (GDR) elected him an Honorary Doctor.
1967 and 1980 Sholokhov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
June 1973 in Bulgaria, Mikhail Alexandrovich receives the Order of Cyril and Methodius, 1st degree.
May 1975 The Presidium of the World Peace Council in Stockholm awards Sholokhov the International Peace Prize in the field of culture for his outstanding contribution to strengthening peace and friendship between peoples.
On May 23, 1981, a monument-bust of twice Hero of Socialist Labor M.A. Sholokhov was unveiled in the village of Veshenskaya.
On February 21, 1984, Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov dies in his homeland, in the village of Veshenskaya. He was buried there.
http://biographer. ru/biographies/ 116.html

Village of Veshenskaya, in the region of the Don Army in the family of a “non-resident” native of Ryazan, Alexander Mikhailovich Sholokhov.

1912 - admitted to the first class of the Karginsky men's parish one-class school (in the second year of study). The native speech teacher was Mikhail Grigorievich Kopylov, a character in the novel “Quiet Don”, who appears in the book under his own name.

1915–1918 - studies at the Bogucharsky men's gymnasium in the Voronezh province. In 1918, when the occupation German troops approached this city, interrupted his studies and went home.

1918–1919 – while living with his parents, he becomes a witness tragic events Veshensky uprising of 1919: reprisals against captured Red Army soldiers, the murder of I. A. Serdinov by Daria Drozdova, the presentation of awards and a cash prize to her by General Sidorin, commander of the Don Army.

1920–1920 - lives with his family in the village of Karginskaya, participates in the elimination of illiteracy, serves in the village revolutionary committee, works as a primary school teacher, works in the food appropriation system.

1922 – comes to Moscow, engages in self-education, takes part in the work of the literary group “Young Guard”.

1923 , September - the first work was published in the newspaper "Youthful Truth" - the feuilleton "Test" signed "M. Sholokh". Begins to be published in youth newspapers and magazines.

1924 - first piece of art- story "Birthmark". He returns to the Don and has since lived permanently in his native place.

1926 - the first book is published - "Don Stories" (in the publishing house "New Moscow" with a foreword by A. Serafimovich).

1928 – the magazine “October” begins publishing the novel “Quiet Don” (1928–1940).
end of April – participates in the work of the 1st All-Union Congress Proletarian Writers as a delegate of MAPP.

1929 , beginning of February - publication of the first separate publication Book 2 of the novel “Quiet Don” in the publishing house “Moskovsky Rabochiy”.

1930 – meeting and conversation with I.V. Stalin. M. A. Sholokhov - K. I. Priime: “...Stalin in the polemic about “The Quiet Don” showed more tact and understanding than the orthodox leaders of RAPP, who, as you know, delayed the publication of the third volume of the novel for a year and a half magazine "October", and then prevented its publication as a separate book."
Throughout the year he has been working on the 6th part of the novel “Quiet Don”.
September – released on screens across the country Feature Film“Quiet Don” based on the 1st book of the novel (directed by I. Pravov and O. Preobrazhenskaya). The film is silent, dubbed in 1934.
autumn – working hard on the novel “Virgin Soil Upturned”.

1931 - travels to the collective farms of the Upper Don, witnesses the famine on the Don.
On January 16, he sends a letter to J.V. Stalin, in which he reports abuses during collectivization on the Don.

1932 - the first book of the novel "Virgin Soil Upturned" (magazine " New world"). Sholokhov joins the ranks of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks).

1941–1945 - Serves as a war correspondent for the Sovinformburo, the newspapers Pravda and Krasnaya Zvezda (along with A. Tolstoy, I. Erenburg, A. Platonov, E. Gabrilovich, I. Krivitsky). Demobilized in December 1945.

1942 – story “The Science of Hate” in the newspaper “Pravda”.

1943 – beginning of work on the novel “They Fought for the Motherland”, published in the newspaper “Pravda” (remained unfinished).

1956, 31th of December –1957, January 1 – story “The Fate of Man” (Pravda newspaper).

1960 - the second book of the novel "Virgin Soil Upturned" (" Literary newspaper") .