Description of any painting by Aivazovsky. Technical question: How did Aivazovsky paint his paintings and how to view them correctly

A huge structure, stretching across many billions of kilometers in the vastness of Space, shone with an unearthly light. The Floating City was unanimously recognized as the Abode of the Creator, the place where only the throne of the Lord God could be located. A NASA representative stated that the City could not be inhabited in in the usual sense This word most likely contains the souls of dead people living in it.
However, another, no less fantastic version of the origin of the cosmic City has a right to exist. The fact is that in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence, the very existence of which has not even been questioned for several decades, scientists are faced with a paradox. If we assume that the Universe is massively populated by many civilizations standing at the most different levels development, then among them there must inevitably be some supercivilizations that not only went into space, but actively populated vast spaces of the Universe. And the activities of these supercivilizations, including engineering, to change the natural habitat (in in this case outer space and objects in the zone of influence) - should be noticeable at a distance of many millions of light years.
However, until recently, astronomers had not noticed anything like this. And now - an obvious man-made object of galactic proportions. It is possible that the City discovered by Hubble on Catholic Christmas at the end of the 20th century turned out to be exactly the desired engineering structure of an unknown and very powerful extraterrestrial civilization.
The size of the City is amazing. Not a single celestial object known to us can compete with this giant. Our Earth in this City would be just a grain of sand on the dusty side of the cosmic avenue.
Where is this giant moving - and is it moving at all? Computer analysis of a series of photographs obtained from Hubble showed that the movement of the City generally coincides with the movement of the surrounding galaxies. That is, regarding the Earth, everything happens within the framework of the Big Bang theory. Galaxies “scatter”, the redshift increases with increasing distance, no deviations from common law not visible.
However, during three-dimensional modeling of the distant part of the Universe, a shocking fact emerged: it is not part of the Universe that is moving away from us, but we are moving away from it. Why was the starting point moved to the City? Because it was precisely this foggy spot in the photographs that turned out to be the “center of the Universe” in the computer model. The volumetric moving image clearly demonstrated that the galaxies are scattering, but precisely from the point of the Universe in which the City is located. In other words, all galaxies, including ours, once emerged from precisely this point in space, and it is around the City that the Universe rotates. Therefore, the first idea of ​​the City as the Abode of God turned out to be extremely successful and close to the truth.

Mysterious nebulae, which are millions of light years away, the birth of new stars and collisions of galaxies. Selection best photos from the Hubble Space Telescope recently.

1. Dark nebulae in a cluster of young stars. Shown here is a section of the Eagle Nebula star cluster, which formed about 5.5 million years ago and is located 6,500 light-years from Earth. (Photo ESA | Hubble & NASA):

2. The giant galaxy NGC 7049, located 100 million light years from Earth, in the constellation Indian. (Photo by NASA, ESA and W. Harris - McMaster University, Ontario, Canada):

3. The emission nebula Sh2-106 is located two thousand light years from Earth. It is a compact star-forming region. At its center is the star S106 IR, which is surrounded by dust and hydrogen - in the photograph it is colored Blue colour. (Photo by NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team, STScI | AURA, and NAOJ):

4. Abell 2744, also known as the Pandora Cluster, is a giant cluster of galaxies, the result of the simultaneous collision of at least four separate small clusters of galaxies that occurred over the course of 350 million years. The galaxies in the cluster make up less than five percent of its mass, and the gas (about 20%) is so hot that it glows only in X-rays. Mysterious dark matter makes up about 75% of the cluster's mass. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz, M. Mountain, A. Koekemoer, & the HFF Team):

5. “Caterpillar” and the Carina emission nebula (a region of ionized hydrogen) in the constellation Carina. (Photo by NASA, ESA, N. Smith, University of California, Berkeley, and The Hubble Heritage Team. STScI | AURA):

6. Barred spiral galaxy NGC 1566 (SBbc) in the constellation Golden Fish. It is located 40 million light years away. (Photo by ESA | Hubble & NASA, Flickr user Det58):

7. IRAS 14568-6304 is a young star located 2500 light years from Earth. This dark region is the Circinus molecular cloud, which has 250,000 solar masses and is filled with gas, dust and young stars. (Photo by ESA | Hubble & NASA Acknowledgments: R. Sahai | JPL, Serge Meunier):

8. Portrait of a star kindergarten. Hundreds of brilliant blue stars covered in warm, glowing clouds make up R136, a compact star cluster that lies at the center of the Tarantula Nebula.

The R136 cluster consists of young stars, giants and supergiants, estimated to be approximately 2 million years old. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and F. Paresce, INAF-IASF, Bologna, R. O"Connell, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, and the Wide Field Camera 3 Science Oversight Committee:

9. Spiral galaxy NGC 7714 in the constellation Pisces. Located at a distance of 100 million light years from Earth. (Photo by ESA, NASA, A. Gal-Yam, Weizmann Institute of Science):

10. The image taken by the orbiting Hubble Telescope shows the warm planetary Red Spider Nebula, also known as NGC 6537.

This unusual wave-like structure is located about 3,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Sagittarius. A planetary nebula is an astronomical object consisting of an ionized shell of gas and a central star, a white dwarf. They are formed when the outer layers of red giants and supergiants with a mass of up to 1.4 solar masses are shed at the final stage of their evolution. (Photo by ESA & Garrelt Mellema, Leiden University, the Netherlands):

11. The Horsehead Nebula is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion. One of the most famous nebulae. She is visible as dark spot in the shape of a horse's head against a background of red glow. This glow is explained by the ionization of hydrogen clouds located behind the nebula under the influence of radiation from the nearest bright star (Z Orionis). (Photo by NASA, ESA, and the Hubble Heritage Team, AURA | STScI):

12. This Hubble Space Telescope image shows the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 1433 in the constellation Hours. It is located at a distance of 32 million light years from us, and is a type of very active galaxy/ (Photo by Space Scoop | ESA | Hubble & NASA, D. Calzetti, UMass and the LEGU.S. Team):

Einstein's general theory of relativity states that the gravity of large cosmic objects such as galaxies bends the space around them and bends light rays. In this case, a distorted image of another galaxy appears - the source of light. The galaxy that bends space is called a gravitational lens. (Photo ESA | Hubble & NASA):

14. Nebula NGC 3372 in the constellation Carina. A large bright nebula that contains several open star clusters within its boundaries. (Photo by NASA, ESA, M. Livio and the Hubble 20th Anniversary Team, STScI):

15. Abell 370 is a cluster of galaxies at a distance of about 4 billion light years in the constellation Cetus. The cluster core consists of several hundred galaxies. It is the most distant cluster. These galaxies are located at a distance of about 5 billion light years. (Photo by NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz and the HFF Team, STScI):

16. Galaxy NGC 4696 in the constellation Centaurus. Located 145 million light years from Earth. It is the brightest galaxy in the Centaurus cluster. The galaxy is surrounded by many dwarf elliptical galaxies. (Photo by NASA, ESA | Hubble, A. Fabian):

17. Located within the Perseus-Pisces galaxy cluster, the galaxy UGC 12591 attracts the attention of astronomers for its unusual shape- it is neither lenticular nor spiral, that is, it exhibits characteristics characteristic of both classes.

The star cluster UGC 12591 is relatively massive - its mass, as scientists have been able to calculate, is about four times higher than that of our Milky Way.

At the same time, the galaxy of a unique shape also very quickly changes its spatial position, at the same time rotating around its axis at an anomalously high speed. Scientists have yet to understand the reasons for such a high speed of rotation of UGC 12591 around its axis. (Photo ESA | Hubble & NASA):

18. How many stars! This is the center of our Milky Way, 26,000 light-years away. (ESA Photo | A. Calamida and K. Sahu, STScI and the SWEEPS Science Team | NASA):

We invite you to take a look at best pictures, obtained using the Hubble orbital telescope

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1. Galaxy fireworks.

2. The center of the lenticular galaxy Centaurus A (NGC 5128). This bright galaxy is located, by cosmic standards, very close to us - “only” 12 million light years away.

3. Dwarf galaxy Large Magellanic Cloud. The diameter of this galaxy is almost 20 times smaller than the diameter of our own galaxy, the Milky Way.

4. Planetary nebula NGC 6302 in the constellation Scorpio. This planetary nebula has two more beautiful names: Bug Nebula and Butterfly Nebula. A planetary nebula forms when a star similar to our Sun sheds its outer layer of gas as it dies.

5. Reflection nebula NGC 1999 in the constellation Orion. This nebula is a giant cloud of dust and gas that reflects the light of stars.

6. Luminous Orion Nebula. You can find this nebula in the sky just below Orion's belt. It is so bright that it is clearly visible even to the naked eye.

7. The Crab Nebula in the constellation Taurus. This nebula was formed as a result of a supernova explosion.

8. Cone nebula NGC 2264 in the constellation Monoceros. This nebula is part of the system of nebulae surrounding a star cluster.

9. Planetary Cat's Eye Nebula in the constellation Draco. The complex structure of this nebula has posed many mysteries for scientists.

10. Spiral galaxy NGC 4911 in the constellation Coma Berenices. This constellation is located large cluster galaxies called the Coma cluster. Most of the galaxies in this cluster are of the elliptical type.

11. Spiral galaxy NGC 3982 from the constellation Ursa Major. On April 13, 1998, a supernova exploded in this galaxy.

12. Spiral galaxy M74 from the constellation Pisces. It has been suggested that there is a black hole in this galaxy.

13. Eagle Nebula M16 in the constellation Serpens. This is a fragment famous photograph taken with the help of the Hubble orbital telescope, called “Pillars of Creation”.

14. Fantastic images deep space.

15. Dying star.

16. Red giant B838. In 4-5 billion years, our Sun will also become a red giant, and in about 7 billion years, its expanding outer layer will reach the Earth's orbit.

17. Galaxy M64 in the constellation Coma Berenices. This galaxy arose as a result of the merger of two galaxies that rotated in different directions. That's why inner part The M64 galaxy rotates in one direction, and its peripheral part rotates in the other.

18. Mass birth of new stars.

19. Eagle Nebula M16. This column of dust and gas at the center of the nebula is called the "Fairy" region. The length of this pillar is approximately 9.5 light years.

20. Stars in the Universe.

21. Nebula NGC 2074 in the constellation Dorado.

22. Triplet of galaxies Arp 274. This system includes two spiral galaxies and one irregular shape. The object is located in the constellation Virgo.

23. Sombrero Galaxy M104. In the 1990s, it was discovered that at the center of this galaxy there is a black hole of enormous mass.

(average: 4,83 out of 5)

This report is available in high definition.

Mysterious nebulae, which are millions of light years away, the birth of new stars and collisions of galaxies. A selection of the best photographs from the Hubble Space Telescope.

In the Large Magellan Cloud. This is one of the brightest star formations in this galaxy. Two of the cluster's components are also young, extremely hot stars. The cluster in the center is about 50 million years old, and the lower one is about 4 million years old:

Containing one of the hottest known white dwarfs, likely part of a binary star system. The speed of internal winds flowing from the stars in the center of the system, according to measurements, exceeds 1,000 kilometers per second. The Red Spider Nebula is located in the constellation Sagittarius. The distance to it is not known exactly, but according to some estimates it is about 4000 light years:

In the constellation Dorado.

formation of a system from clouds of gas and dust:

New image from the Hubble telescope: star system formation:

Storm of turbulent gases in the Cygnus Nebula, constellation Sagittarius. Among celestial objects, nebulae are the most diverse. Galaxies take spiral shapes, stars are spherical. And only nebulae have no law. They come in all shapes and sizes, and the variety of nebulae is endless. Nebulas are, strictly speaking, accumulations of dust and gas in interstellar space. Their shape is influenced by supernova explosions, magnetic fields, stellar winds.

In a neighboring galaxy:

Or NGC 2070. This is an emission nebula in the constellation Doradus. Belongs to the satellite galaxy of our Milky Way - the Large Magellanic Cloud:

In the constellation Canes Venatici, which is located 37 million light years from Earth:

One of several "dust columns" nebula M16 Eagle, in which the image can be guessed mythical creature. It is about ten light years in size:

New stars and clouds of gas:

in the constellation Taurus, located at a distance of about 6,500 light years from Earth, has a diameter of 6 light years and is expanding at a speed of 1,000 km/s. At the center of the nebula is a neutron star:

Or NGC 1976. Located about 1,600 light-years from Earth and 33 light-years across. It is one of the most famous deep space objects. This is perhaps the most attractive winter object in the northern sky for astronomy lovers. Through field binoculars, the nebula is already clearly visible as a rather bright elongated cloud:

Biggest star in Orion Nebula:

Spiral galaxy NGC 5457 "Column Wheel". A large and very beautiful galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major:

An open cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud in the constellation Tucana. It is approximately 200,000 light years away from us and has a diameter of about 65 light years:

In the constellation Ursa Major. At the center of the galaxy is a supermassive black hole, around which two less massive black holes, weighing 12 thousand and 200 suns, revolve. Now M 82 has become the most “fashionable” galaxy, since it was the first to show the existence of explosions on a galaxy scale:

Many galaxies have bars near their centers. Even our Milky Way Galaxy is thought to have a small central bar. It takes light about 60 million years to travel the distance separating us from NGC 1672. The size of this galaxy is about 75 thousand light years:

The birth of new stars in Carina Nebula NGC 3372. Located at a distance of 6,500 to 10,000 light years from Earth:

In the constellation Cygnus there is a huge and relatively dim supernova remnant. The star exploded approximately 5,000–8,000 years ago. The distance to it is estimated at 1400 light years:

An open cluster in the constellation Carina. It is located 20 thousand light years from the Sun. The center of the cluster contains thousands of stars more massive than the Sun, formed 1-2 million years ago in a single burst of star formation:

In the constellation Pisces:

Located at a distance of approximately 235 million light years (72 megaparsecs) from us in the constellation Perseus. Each cluster NGC 1275 contains from 100 thousand to 1 million stars:

Another photo galaxies NGC 1275:

Planet of the Solar System:

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The planet we live on is extraordinarily beautiful. But who among us has not wondered, looking into the starry sky: what life would be like in others? solar systems in our galaxy Milky Way or in others? So far, we don't even know if there is life there. But when you see this beauty, you want to think that it’s there for a reason, that everything makes sense, that if the stars light up, it means someone needs it.
You can indulge right after you look at these stunning photos cosmic phenomena in the Universe.

1
Galaxy Antenna

The Antennae Galaxy was formed as a result of the merger of two galaxies, which began several hundred million years ago. The antenna is located 45 million light years from our solar system.

2
Young star

Two jets of energized gas flow are ejected from the poles of the young star.If the jets (flows of several hundred kilometers per second) collide with surrounding gas and dust, they can clear large areas and create curved shock waves.

3
Horsehead Nebula

The Horsehead Nebula, dark in optical light, appears transparent and ethereal in infrared, shown here, with visible tints.

4
Bubble Nebula

The image was taken in February 2016 using the Hubble Space Telescope.The nebula is 7 light-years across—about 1.5 times the distance from our sun to its nearest stellar neighbor, Alpha Centauri—and lies 7,100 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cassiopeia.

5
Helix Nebula

The Helix Nebula is a flaming envelope of gas formed by the death of a sun-like star. The helix consists of two gaseous disks almost perpendicular to each other, and is located 690 light years away, and is one of the closest planetary nebulae to Earth.

6
Jupiter's moon Io

Io is Jupiter's closest satellite.Io is about the size of our Moon and orbits Jupiterase1.8 days, while our Moon orbits the Earth every 28 days.A striking black spot on Jupiter is the shadow of Io, whichfloats across the face of Jupiter at a speed of 17 kilometers per second.

7
NGC 1300

Blocked spiral galaxy NGC 1300 odiffers from normal spiral galaxies in that the arms of the galaxy do not grow all the way into the center, but are connected to the two ends of a straight bar of stars containing the core at its center.The core of the major spiral structure of the galaxy NGC 1300 shows its own unique grand spiral structure design, which is about 3,300 light years away.The galaxy is distant from usapproximately 69 million light years in the direction of the constellation Eridanus.

8
Cat's Eye Nebula

Cat's Eye Nebula- one of the first planetary nebulae discovered, and one of the most complex, in observable space.A planetary nebula forms when sun-like stars carefully extract their outer gaseous layers, which form bright nebulae with amazing and complex structures..
The Cat's Eye Nebula is located 3,262 light-years from our solar system.

9
Galaxy NGC 4696

NGC 4696 is the largest Galaxy in the Centaurus cluster.New images from Hubble show the dust filaments around the center of this huge galaxy in more detail than ever before.These filaments curl inward in an intriguing spiral shape around the supermassive black hole.

10
Omega Centauri star cluster

The globular star cluster Omega Centauri contains 10 million stars and is the largest of the approximately 200 globular clusters orbiting our Milky Way Galaxy. Omega Centauri is located 17,000 light years from Earth.

11
Galaxy Penguin

Galaxy Penguin.From our Hubble perspective, this pair of interacting galaxies resembles a penguin guarding its egg. NGC 2936, once a standard spiral galaxy, is deformed and borders NGC 2937, a smaller elliptical galaxy.The galaxies lie about 400 million light years away in the constellation Hydra.

12
Pillars of Creation in the Eagle Nebula

The Pillars of Creation - the remnants of the central part of the gas-dust Eagle Nebula in the constellation Serpens, consist, like the entire nebula, mainly of cold molecular hydrogen and dust. The nebula is located 7,000 distant light years away.

13
Abell Galaxy Cluster S1063

This Hubble image shows a very chaotic Universe filled with galaxies far and near.Some are distorted like false mirror due to the curvature of space - a phenomenon first predicted by Einstein a century ago.At the center of the image is the enormous galaxy cluster Abell S1063, located 4 billion light-years away.

14
Whirlpool Galaxy

The graceful, sinuous arms of the majestic spiral galaxy M51 appear like a great spiral staircase sweeping through space. They are actually long lanes of stars and gas, saturated with dust.

15
Stellar nurseries in the Carina Nebula

Billowing clouds of cold interstellar gas and dust rise from the raging Stellar Nursery, located 7,500 light-years away in the Southern constellation Carina.This pillar of dust and gas serves as an incubator for new stars.Hot, young stars and eroding clouds create this fantastic landscape, sending out stellar winds and scorching ultraviolet light.

16
Galaxy Sombrero

The distinctive feature of the Sombrero Galaxy is its brilliant white core, surrounded by a thick layer of dust, forming the spiral structure of the galaxy. Sombrero lies on the southern edge of the Virgo Cluster and is one of the most massive objects in the group, equivalent to 800 billion suns.The galaxy is 50,000 light years across and located 28 million light years from Earth.

17
Butterfly Nebula

What resemble graceful butterfly wings are actually cauldrons of gas heated to more than 36,000 degrees Fahrenheit. The gas rushes through space at more than 600,000 miles per hour. A dying star that was once about five times the mass of the Sun is at the center of this fury. The Butterfly Nebula is located in our Milky Way galaxy, approximately 3,800 light-years away in the constellation Scorpio.

18
Crab Nebula

Pulse at the core of the Crab Nebula. While many other images of the Crab Nebula have focused on filaments in the outer part of the nebula, this image shows the very heart of the nebula including the central neutron star - the rightmost of the two bright stars near the center of this image. A neutron star has the same mass as the sun, but is compressed into an incredibly dense sphere several kilometers in diameter. Rotating 30 times per second, the neutron star releases beams of energy that make it appear to pulsate. The Crab Nebula is located 6,500 light years away in the constellation Taurus.

19
Preplanetary nebula IRA 23166+1655

One of the most beautiful geometric shapes created in space, this image shows the formation of an unusual preplanetary nebula known as IRA 23166+1655 around the star LL Pegasi in the constellation Pegasus.

20
Retina Nebula

Dying star, IC 4406 shows high degree symmetry; the left and right halves of the Hubble image are almost mirror images of the other. If we could fly around IC 4406 in spaceship, we would see gas and dust forming a vast donut of substantial outflow directed outward from the dying star. From Earth, we view the donut from the side. This side view allows us to see tangled tendrils of dust that have been compared to the retina of the eye. The nebula is located about 2,000 light years away, near the southern constellation Lupus.

21
Monkey Head Nebula

NGC 2174 is located 6,400 light years away in the constellation Orion. The colorful region is filled with young stars trapped in bright wisps of cosmic gas and dust. This part of the Monkey Head Nebula was captured in 2014 by Hubble Camera 3.

22
Spiral Galaxy ESO 137-001

This galaxy looks strange. One side of it looks like a typical spiral galaxy, while the other side appears to be destroyed. The bluish stripes stretching down and to the sides from the galaxy are clusters of hot young stars trapped in jets of gas. These scraps of matter will never return to the bosom of the mother galaxy. Like huge fish With its belly ripped open, the galaxy ESO 137-001 roams space, losing its insides.

23
Giant tornadoes in the Lagoon Nebula

This Hubble Space Telescope image shows long interstellar 'tornadoes' - eerie tubes and twisted structures - at the heart of the Lagoon Nebula, which lies 5,000 light-years in the direction of the constellation Sagittarius.

24
Gravity lenses in Abell 2218

This rich galaxy cluster consists of thousands of individual galaxies and is located about 2.1 billion light-years from Earth in the Northern constellation Draco. Astronomers use gravitational lenses to powerfully magnify distant galaxies. Strong gravitational forces not only magnify images of hidden galaxies, but also distort them into long, thin arcs.

25
Hubble's farthest position

Each object in this image is an individual galaxy made up of billions of stars. This view of nearly 10,000 galaxies is the deepest image of the cosmos yet. Called Hubble's “Far Farthest Field” (or Hubble's Ultra-Deep Field), this image presents a “deep” core sample of the universe shrinking across billions of light years. The image includes galaxies of various ages, sizes, shapes and colors. The smallest, reddest galaxies may be among the most distant, existing since the universe was just 800 million years old. The closest galaxies—larger, brighter, well-defined spirals and ellipticals—thrived about 1 billion years ago, when the cosmos was 13 billion years old. In stark contrast, along with the many classic spiral and elliptical galaxies, there is a zoo of oddball galaxies littering the area. Some look like toothpicks; others are like a link on a bracelet.
In ground-based photographs, the area of ​​the sky where the galaxies reside (merely one-tenth the diameter of a full moon) is mostly empty. The image required 800 exposures, taken over 400 Hubble orbits around the Earth. The total dwell time was 11.3 days spent between September 24, 2003 and January 16, 2004.