Vita Vasilyeva and Igor Belokon with the Ave Maria program. A method of combating short-range and short-range unmanned aerial vehicles using electromagnetic radiation in the decimeter wavelength range Igor Belokon
The invention relates to a technique for protecting a protected area from unauthorized entry using EHF radiation (electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter wavelength range), the energy flux density of which is selected in such a way that the impact of the radiation causes unbearable pain in the intruder. The technical result is a reduction in the weight and size characteristics and energy consumption of the millimeter wave generator compared to the previously announced method of protecting objects using EHF radiation. The essence of the invention is that the flow of EHF radiation is converted into a focused wave beam, a characteristic feature of which is the presence of an area of increased radiation energy flux density, therefore, the intruder located in the center of this area experiences unbearable pain sensations at a lower power of the EHF radiation generator . The formation of such a beam is carried out using a Cassegrain antenna, in which, based on a command coming from the control unit, the focus of the counter-reflector moves away from the focus of the reflector to a distance corresponding to the creation of an area of increased energy flux density of EHF radiation near the location of the intruder. 2 n.p. f-ly, 1 ill.
Drawings for RF patent 2506643
The invention relates to a technique for protecting a protected area from unauthorized entry by an intruder and can be used at particularly important military and government facilities, warehouses with nuclear materials, precious metals storage facilities, banks and offices of commercial firms.
There are known methods for protecting objects (French application No. 2654239, RF patent No. 2211427), which involve exposing the offender to electric current. However, these methods are passive in nature, because the impact on the intruder occurs only when he touches the protective fence of the object, which makes it possible to overcome the protection with the help of materials that insulate from electric current.
There is a known method and system for protecting a protected area by influencing an intruder with step voltage (RF patent No. 2226001). The disadvantage of this method is that the conductive elements are located in the earth's soil, therefore, due to corrosion of these elements, the service life of the system is significantly reduced.
There is a known method and system for protecting a protected area by passing a high-voltage current pulse to an intruder, for which an electrically conductive zone is first created (RF patent No. 2210115). The disadvantage of this method is that the electrically conductive zone is obtained by spraying a conductive aerosol, so it is problematic to ensure a greater range of exposure. In addition, a gust of wind can carry the aerosol away from the location of the intruder, as a result of which the likelihood of his being hit will be significantly reduced.
There is a known method of protecting a protected area using a flow of electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter wavelength range (EHF radiation), which consists of detecting unauthorized entry of an intruder, determining the location of the intruder at the time of the invasion, orienting the antenna in the direction of the intruder, generating a flow of EHF radiation with wavelengths in the windows transparency of the atmosphere and density of energy flow, causing unbearable pain in the violator. The device for implementing this method of protecting objects contains intrusion detection sensors, an EHF radiation generator, a radiating antenna and a control device that processes signals from the intrusion detection sensors and issues a command to orient the radiating antenna in the direction of the intruder (RF patent No. 2279137). This method and device were chosen as a prototype.
The disadvantage of this method is the large weight and size characteristics and energy consumption of the EHF radiation generator, due to the high requirements for its power to ensure the required levels of impact on the intruder.
The technical problem being solved is to develop a method for protecting an object from unauthorized entry using EHF radiation with lower power requirements for the generator of this radiation.
The technical result consists in reducing the weight and size characteristics and energy consumption of the EHF radiation generator.
The achievement of a technical result is ensured by the fact that in the inventive method of protecting an object from unauthorized entry, a Cassegrain antenna is used to convert a flow of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation into a focused beam of EHF radiation, while an area of increased radiation energy flux density is created near the location of the intruder.
The flow of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a conventional antenna expands due to the diffraction effect, and at a distance r from the antenna the characteristic radius of the flow is greater than the antenna radius a:
,
where is the wavelength of EHF radiation [Vinogradova M.B., Rudenko O.V., Sukhorukov A.P. Wave theory. - M.: Nauka, 1990, p. 257]. From here, for the radiation energy flux density I(r) at the location of the intruder, we find:
where r is the distance from the antenna to the intruder, I is the initial energy flux density, which is determined by the power of the EHF radiation generator P and the antenna radius a: I=P/ a2.
Let Ic be the characteristic radiation energy flux density necessary to cause intolerable pain in the offender. It is obvious that in order to defeat an intruder, the power of the EHF radiation generator must be chosen in such a way that I(r)=Ic. Expression (1) allows us to determine the radius of the antenna 
, which corresponds to the minimum possible power of the EHF radiation generator required to fulfill the above condition, and the value of this power itself: Pm=2 rIc.
A feature of a focused wave beam is the presence of a so-called “waist” region, the position of the center of which is determined by the curvature of the phase front R:
In the center of the waist region, the characteristic radius of the wave beam a(r) has a minimum value, which is less than the antenna radius a:
,
therefore, here the radiation energy flux density will be greater than its initial value I:
those. the beam waist region is a region of increased radiation energy flux density [Vinogradova M.B., Rudenko O.V., Sukhorukov A.P. Wave theory. - M.: Nauka, 1990, p. 260].
In particular, for the antenna radius from expression (2) we obtain that r=16R/17; in this case, as follows from expression (3), the condition I(r)=Ic is satisfied at the generator power P=0.125Pm. This means that when using a focused beam, the occurrence of intolerable pain in the offender can be achieved with a noticeably lower power of the EHF radiation generator.
To obtain a focused beam of electromagnetic waves, it is necessary to create a curved phase front on the aperture of the emitting antenna [Vinogradova M.B., Rudenko O.V., Sukhorukov A.P. Wave theory. - M.: Nauka, 1990, p. 259]. To solve this problem, it is convenient to use a Cassegrain antenna. Usually in this antenna the focus of the counter-reflector coincides with the focus of the reflector, which ensures the formation of a flat phase front [Kocherzhevsky G.N. Antenna-feeder devices. - M.: Radio and communication, 1981, p. 192]. If the focus of the counter-reflector is further than the focus of the reflector, then the phase front will have the necessary curvature, and the flow of electromagnetic radiation will be converted into a focused wave beam [Naumov N.D. On focusing a wave beam using a parabolic reflector // Applied Physics, 2011, No. 5, pp. 48-51].
The position of the beam waist region is uniquely determined by the distance between the foci of the reflector and counter-reflector. The computational and experimental studies carried out allowed us to establish the following relationship:
where s is the distance between the foci of the reflector and counter-reflector, F is the focal length of the reflector, r is the distance from the antenna to the intruder.
The above technical result is achieved by a system that implements the claimed method and contains sensors for detecting intruder penetration, a range finder for determining the distance from the antenna to the intruder, a generator of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths in the atmospheric transparency windows and an energy flux density that causes intolerable pain in the intruder, a radiating antenna made in the form of a Cassegrain antenna, a control device that processes data from intrusion detection sensors and a range finder and issues commands to orient the antenna in the direction of the intruder and shift the counter-reflector from the reflector to a distance corresponding to the formation of an area of increased radiation energy flux density near the location of the intruder, as well as a device for moving the counter-reflector.
To confirm the criterion of “industrial applicability”, let us consider an example of the implementation of the proposed method.
Figure 1 shows a system for protecting a protected object from unauthorized entry using a focused beam of EHF radiation.
In Figure 1:
1 - detection sensors;
2 - intruder;
3 - EHF radiation generator;
4 - Cassegrain antenna;
5 - control device;
6 - shiftable counter-reflector;
7 - reflector;
8 - range finder;
9 - device for moving the counter-reflector.
Detection sensor 1, for example, vibration, or capacitive, or infrared, or another operating principle, is triggered when an intruder 2 enters the protected area without permission. The signal from the sensor enters the control device 5, which turns on the range finder 8. After processing the data from the sensors and the range finder, the control device 5 sends commands to orient the reflector 7 of the Cassegrain antenna 4 in the direction of the intruder 2 and to shift the counter-reflector 6 using device 9, which can be implemented in the form of a precision servo drive. Then the control device 5 turns on the EHF radiation generator 3 and the intruder 2 is exposed to a focused beam of EHF radiation. Subsequently, the control device 5 processes the data from the range finder 8 and issues a command to move the counter-reflector 6 in accordance with the distance to the intruder 2.
Thus, the proposed method and system for protecting objects from unauthorized entry provides an effective impact on the intruder with less power of the EHF radiation generator compared to the previously stated prototype method.
CLAIM
1. A method of protecting objects from unauthorized entry using a focused beam of EHF radiation, which consists of detecting unauthorized entry of an intruder, determining the location of the intruder, orienting the antenna in the direction of the intruder, generating a flow of electromagnetic radiation in the millimeter range with wavelengths in the windows of atmospheric transparency and flux density energy that causes unbearable pain in the offender, characterized in that a Cassegrain antenna is used to convert a flow of millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation into a focused beam of EHF radiation, while an area of increased radiation energy flux density is created near the location of the offender.
2. A device for protecting objects from unauthorized penetration using a focused beam of EHF radiation, containing sensors for detecting intruder penetration, a millimeter-wave electromagnetic radiation flux generator with wavelengths in atmospheric transparency windows and an energy flux density that causes intolerable pain in the intruder, a radiating antenna and a control device that processes signals from intrusion detection sensors and issues a command to orient the radiating antenna in the direction of the intruder, characterized in that the radiating antenna is made in the form of a Cassegrain antenna, and the control device issues an additional command to shift the counter-reflector from the reflector to a distance corresponding to the formation of the area increased energy flux density of EHF radiation near the location of the intruder; in addition, a range finder was additionally introduced to determine the distance from the antenna to the intruder and a device for moving the counter-reflector.
Owners of patent RU 2551821:
The invention is intended to combat unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).
The armies of foreign countries pay close attention to the development and use of UAVs in combat. More than 300 types of UAVs have been developed and produced, of which about 80 types are in service, amounting to more than one hundred thousand units. According to various estimates, during large-scale combat operations one can expect the use of up to 50 thousand UAVs [Savenkov Yu.A., Somkov N.I., Travkin A.A. Anti-aircraft missile and gun complex "Pantsir" // Military Thought. 2012. No. 6. p. 39-43].
Today, up to 70% of all unmanned aerial vehicles are tactical UAVs (with a range of up to 200 km) [Raspopov V.Ya. Microsystem avionics: textbook. - Tula: “Grif and K”, 2010].
Tactical UAVs are divided into short-range (10-200 km) and short-range (no more than 10 km) devices. Short-range unmanned aerial vehicles are characterized by a mass of up to 50 kg and a payload of about 7-10 kg. Short-range tactical UAVs are represented by miniature or mini-UAVs (weighing up to 15 kg, payload 2-3 kg) and microminiature or micro-UAVs (characteristic geometric dimensions no more than 15 cm, take-off weight no more than 100 g).
The small mass of a tactical UAV imposes a number of restrictions both on the design of the aircraft itself and on the design of its on-board control system, power plant, payload and power sources. At the same time, composite materials are widely used to reduce weight and increase the strength of aircraft. The use of such materials makes it possible to reduce the weight of an aircraft airframe by 30-40% [Senyushkin N.S., Yamaliev R.R., Yalchibaeva L.R. The use of composite materials in the design of UAVs // Young scientist, 2011. No. 4. T. 1. P. 59-61]. The small size and weight of tactical UAVs allows them to be equipped with low-power engines.
The development of UAVs necessitates the development of means to combat them.
The use of traditional means of combating an air enemy (anti-aircraft missiles and anti-aircraft artillery systems, fighter and army aircraft, small arms) to counter UAVs may be ineffective. The main problem of combating tactical UAVs with air defense means is their small effective dispersion surface (ESR), which is explained by their small overall dimensions and the widespread use of composite materials [Aminov S. Air defense in the fight against UAVs // Unmanned Aviation: special issue of MAX. 2011. P. 34-36]. The small overall dimensions of UAVs do not allow them to be effectively hit by anti-aircraft artillery systems and small arms. Small EPR makes it difficult to hit them with guided missiles with radar homing heads (GOS). The use of guided missiles with infrared (IR) seekers against tactical UAVs is also ineffective due to the fact that the IR radiation of low-power UAV engines is almost equal to background values.
It is possible to use manned aircraft and helicopters against tactical UAVs, but in this case their constant presence in the airspace in the area of possible appearance of enemy UAVs is required, which will lead to the diversion of aviation from performing its main tasks.
A device for combating UAVs using a trap net is known (RU 72753 U1, 04/27/2008; RU 72754 U1, 04/27/2008). After detecting the UAV, the network is delivered to the desired point in space in a container and fired towards the aircraft. To increase the efficiency of the task of destroying UAVs, metallized threads are used in the mesh cells and sinkers with containers with parachute properties adjustable in flight. In this case, the size of the network determines the amount of compensation for pointing errors. The disadvantage of this approach is the need for accurate and timely delivery of the container with the net to a strictly defined point in space, as well as dependence on weather conditions (for example, wind direction and speed).
An aviation anti-UAV weapon is known (RU 94690 U1, 05/27/2010), which is a mini-UAV equipped with directed or non-directional ammunition and a detonation control system. Its main disadvantage is the need to ensure that mini-UAVs remain in the air at all times, regardless of the presence of enemy unmanned aerial vehicles there. In addition, aiming a guided aircraft missile at an enemy UAV will be fraught with the difficulties described above (small effective dispersion surface and weak IR radiation from the engines). The use of non-directional ammunition will lead to damage (or destruction) of the fighter UAV, which will exclude the possibility of its repeated use.
There is a known method of remotely influencing a dangerous object of this type with wave signals and a device for its implementation (RU 2500035 C2, November 27, 2013). The method consists of detecting a dangerous object, which, in particular, may be an aircraft, and exposing it to a signal of a certain power and duration. In this case, to disable enemy electronic equipment, radiation is used at frequencies of 3-15 GHz, which corresponds to wavelengths from 2 to 10 cm (centimeter range).
This method was chosen as a prototype.
The main disadvantage of this method is that it does not take into account the selective sensitivity of a dangerous object to radiation with different wavelengths.
It is known that the on-board equipment of domestic and foreign UAVs necessarily includes a control system (autopilot), a satellite navigation system module, flight parameter sensors, an emergency landing system, aileron and engine throttle servos, an electric motor control system, a payload unit and a command radio link unit and telemetry [Chistyakov N.V. Analysis of the architecture of the RPV "Pchela", http://dpla.ru/, 2008; UAV "Orlan-3": main characteristics, 2009; On-board navigation and control complex for UAVs, http://www.teknol.ru/, 2009].
Of the above systems, the critical ones are the on-board control system, engine control system and flight sensors. The on-board control system is a central unit that coordinates the work of all peripheral devices; a failure in its operation will inevitably lead to failure of the combat mission and the crash of the vehicle.
Calculation of the emitter power required to ensure the required energy flux density is carried out according to the formula [D.V. Sivukhin. General physics course. Optics. M.: Nauka, 1980]:
P iz =P about θR 2, where,
P ob - energy flux density at the facility, W/m2;
R - distance to the object of influence, m;
θ is the value of the solid angle within which 98% of the energy of the emitter is distributed, st. glad.
The value of θ in the far zone of the antenna is determined by the formula:
θ=1.17(λ D ) 2, where,
λ - wavelength corresponding to the maximum spectral radiation density, m;
D- diameter of the emitting aperture, m.
It should be emphasized the fundamental difference between the proposed method and the prototype method. The prototype method uses electromagnetic radiation with a frequency of 3-15 GHz to destroy electronic equipment of a dangerous object (in particular, an aircraft), which corresponds to wavelengths from 2 to 10 cm (centimeter range), and a power density of 30-50000 W/cm 2 . The proposed method uses electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths from 10 to 20 cm (decimeter range), which makes it possible to defeat UAVs with lower energy costs (required power density 0.007-40 W/cm2).
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Went to the classical music concert Ave Maria performed by a soprano Vita Vasilyeva and organ Igor Belokon to the very center of Moscow in Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul.
I've never heard the organ live. Traveling around Europe, probably everyone has encountered invitations to organ concerts in Gothic churches. I also wanted to go all the time, but somehow it didn’t work out. Here we were finally lucky enough to attend an organ concert and hear the magnificent soprano of Vita Vasilyeva.
The building of the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul is located in the very center of Moscow. The tall spire of the church can be seen from afar. I have never been to the cathedral, so it was doubly interesting to visit the cathedral. Before the concert I had time to walk around the cathedral a little, but more on that later.
The 19th century organ is installed opposite the altar.
Our soloists: soprano Vita Vasilyeva and organ Igor Belokon.
The concert program was very interesting. In no way do I even consider myself a lover of classical music. Although it seems to me that almost every work of Bach is associated with an organ. And of course the most famous work, “Toccata and Fugue in D Minor,” was performed first. The sound of a live organ and the power of Bach's work is an incredible feeling. The music literally sounds inside you, completely absorbing you. It may not be for nothing that classical music is believed to improve your health. You immediately forget about everything around you.
I really liked the organ music, now I want to hear other works by Bach and Verdi
The concert was hosted by Natalia Surnina, a music historian.
The program included three versions of the most famous spiritual work “Ave Maria” and Natalia spoke about them very interestingly.
For example, “Ave Maria” by G. Caccini was actually created by the Russian composer and musician Vladimir Vavilov and was first included on the record in 1970 and signed by G. Caccini. But it is “Ave Maria” that is considered Caccini’s most famous work.
Before the concert, I decided that Vita Vasilyeva would perform for us. It turned out that the soloist should be next to the organ. It was very strange to sit with your back to the performers and just admire the decoration of the cathedral. True, this also has its advantages. The music seemed to surround us, float past us, only touching our ears.
The grateful audience gave the performers a standing ovation. Surprisingly there were a lot of children. Next time I will definitely take my son and husband with me, I think my men will like it.
After the concert, fans expected Vita Vasilyeva with flowers.
Misha tushinetc I took a short interview with Vita Vasilyeva.
Vita said that it was her first time performing with an organ in the cathedral and for her it was a new and rather difficult project. First of all, according to Vita, the voice flies forward and you can’t hear yourself. There is no eye contact with the audience and it is very hot on the lectern next to the organ.
We will be able to hear Vita Vasilyeva live in Moscow on November 1 at a concert together with her husband Georgy Vasilyev, soloist of the Novaya Opera and guest soloist of the Bolshoi Theater; a love duet awaits us.
On July 3, we celebrated the day of Saints Peter and Paul, in whose honor the cathedral is named, and it is also the birthday of the Lutheran community in Moscow. Therefore, the spectators were quickly asked to leave the cathedral. The communication between fans and Vita Vasilyeva continued on the street, and then I went home. The concert charged me with incredible energy and seemed to clear me of unnecessary thoughts. A perfect end to a sweltering week in Moscow.
