Can well-meaning Grishas be called happy? Name meaning and prototypes

Grisha Dobrosklonov is a key figure in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.” Let me tell you a little about him. Grisha was born into the family of a poor clerk, a lazy and untalented man. The mother was a type of the same female image, drawn by the author in the chapter “Peasant Woman”. Grisha determined his place in life at the age of 15. It’s not surprising, because a hungry childhood, hard work, given by his father; a strong character, broad soul, inherited from mother; a sense of collectivism, resilience, incredible perseverance, brought up in the family and the seminary, ultimately resulted in a feeling of deep patriotism, moreover, responsibility for the fate of an entire people! I hope I clearly explained the origins of Grisha’s character?

Now let's look at the real-biographical factor of Grisha's appearance. You may already know that the prototype was Dobrolyubov. Like him, Grisha, a fighter for all the humiliated and insulted, stood for peasant interests. He did not feel the desire to satisfy prestigious needs (if anyone remembers lectures on social science), i.e. His primary concern is not about personal well-being.

Now we know something about Dobrosklonov. Let's reveal some of it personal qualities, in order to find out the degree of significance of Grisha as a key figure. To do this, we simply need to select from the above words the words that characterize it. Here they are: the ability to compassion, strong convictions, an iron will, unpretentiousness, high efficiency, education, a magnificent mind. Here we, unbeknownst to ourselves, have come to the meaning of the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov. Look: these qualities are quite enough to reflect the dominant idea of ​​the poem. Hence the conclusion is as prosaic as it is laconic: Grisha reflects one of the main ideas of the poem. This is the idea: living in Rus' is good only for such fighters for the happiness of the oppressed people. Explaining why I’m unlikely to succeed is a philosophical question and requires knowledge of psychology. Still, I’ll try to give an example: when you save someone’s life, you get the feeling that you are strong and kind, a servant to the king, a father to the soldiers,...right? And here you save a whole people...

But these are only consequences, and we still have to find out where it began. Let's think about it, we know that from childhood Grisha lived among unhappy, helpless, despised people. What brought him to such a height, what forced him to sacrifice himself for the sake of the common people, because, frankly speaking, before a literate and educated, talented young man, limitless possibilities. By the way, this feeling, quality or sensation, call it what you want, fueled Nekrasov’s creativity, and it was from his suggestion that the main idea poems, patriotism and a sense of responsibility take their origins from him. This is the capacity for compassion. A quality that Nekrasov himself possessed and endowed with it on the key figure of his poem. It is quite natural that this is followed by the patriotism inherent in a person from the people, and a sense of responsibility to the people.

It is very important to determine the era in which the hero appeared. The era is the rise of a social movement, millions of people are rising to fight. Look:

“...An innumerable army is rising -

the strength in her is indestructible..."

The text directly proves that people's happiness is possible only as a result of a nationwide struggle against the oppressors. The main hope of the revolutionary democrats, to whom Nekrasov belonged, was the peasant revolution. And who starts revolutions? - revolutionaries, fighters for the people. For Nekrasov it was Grisha Dobrosklonov. From here follows the second idea of ​​the poem, or rather, it has already flowed; we just have to isolate it from the general flow of thoughts. The people, as a result of the direction of the reforms of Alexander II, remain unhappy and oppressed, but (!) the forces for protest are ripening. The reforms prompted his desire for better life. Did you notice the words:

"…Enough! Finished with past settlement,

The payment has been completed, sir!

The Russian people are gathering strength

And learns to be a citizen!..."

The form of transmission was songs performed by Grisha. The words precisely reflected the feelings with which the hero is endowed. We can say that the songs were the crown of the poem because they reflected everything that I was talking about. And in general, they inspire hope that the Motherland will not perish, despite the suffering and troubles that overwhelmed it, and the comprehensive revival of Russia, and most importantly, the changes in the consciousness of the ordinary Russian people.

The great Russian poet N.A. Nekrasov began work on the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” soon after the abolition of serfdom. His main goal was to show that nothing had changed in the lives of the peasants. They remained as dependent on the landowners as they were. To become free, it was necessary to pay the owner a large compensation money, but where could the poor peasant get it? So the men and women continued to go to corvée and pay exorbitant rent.

It was painful for Nikolai Alekseevich to look at the humiliated position of the poor. Therefore, in his poem he introduces the image of the people's intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov.

We first meet Dobrosklonov in the chapter “Good times - good songs.” This is a young man who “at about fifteen years old... already knew firmly that he would live for the happiness of his murdered and dark native corner.” Even the name of this hero speaks for itself: a penchant for good.

By creating this image, the poet strives to show in it public figure with progressive views. Grigory Dobrosklonov is close to the common people because he also experienced hunger and need, injustice and humiliation.

One of the songs that Grisha sings talks about two ways to rebuild society. One road, “the spacious, slave of passions,” is chosen “to temptation by a greedy crowd,” the other, “the narrow, honest road,” is chosen only by “strong, loving souls, ready to defend the oppressed.” Here is a call to all progressive people:

Go to the downtrodden

Go to the offended -

Be the first there.

But the second way is very difficult.

It is chosen by people with strong character and stubborn will. This is Gregory:

Fate had in store for him

The path is glorious, the name is loud

People's Defender,

Consumption and Siberia.

Despite everything, the young man believes in a bright future for Russia. Through songs, he tries to influence the intelligentsia so that they wake up and begin to protect the common people.

And in the song “Rus” lyrical hero appeals to all ordinary people with the hope that in the near future they will choose a more effective path to eradicate enslavers and oppressors:

You're miserable too

You are also abundant

You're downtrodden

You are omnipotent

Mother Rus'!

Gregory himself calls this song a noble hymn, which embodies “people's happiness.” The people are powerful and great.

When he wakes up, the country will turn into a mighty power. It is in the people that the author sees the power that can change the established state of affairs:

The army is rising -

Uncountable,

The strength in her will affect

Indestructible!

Consequently, with the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author shows the ways to achieve happiness. He believes that only those who fight for the interests of the entire people can be happy. Nekrasov also creates a program of action for those who have chosen the path of people's intercessors.

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Updated: 2018-01-16

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Nekrasov, the great Russian writer, created many works in which he sought to reveal something new to the world. The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is no exception. The most important hero for revealing the theme is Grisha Dobrosklonov, a simple peasant with complex desires and thoughts.

Prototype

The last to be mentioned, but the first most important image of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is Grisha Dobrosklonov. According to the poet’s sister Butkevich A.A., the artist Dobrolyubov became the hero. Butkevich said this for a reason. Firstly, such statements were made by Nekrasov himself, and secondly, this is confirmed by the consonance of surnames, the character of the hero and the attitude of the prototype towards selfless and purposeful fighters acting on the side of the people.

Tverdokhlebov I. Yu. believes that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is a kind of cast of the features of such famous figures, like Belinsky, Dobrolyubov and Chernyshevsky, who together create the ideal of a hero of the revolution. It should also be noted that Nekrasov did not ignore new type a public figure - a populist, who combined the features of both a revolutionary and a religious activist.

Common features

The image of Grigory Dobrosklonov demonstrates that this bright representative propagandist of the revolution who seeks to prepare masses to the struggle against capitalist foundations. The features of this hero embodied the most romantic traits revolutionary youth.

When considering this hero, we must also take into account that Nekrasov began to create him in 1876, i.e., at a time when “going to the people” was already complicated by many factors. Some scenes of the work confirm that Grisha was preceded by “wandering” propagandists.

As for Nekrasov’s attitude towards ordinary working people, here he expressed his special attitude. He is a revolutionary who lived and grew up in Vakhlachin. People's Defender Grisha Dobrosklonov is a hero who knows his people well, understands all the troubles and sorrows that have befallen them. He is one of them, therefore he does not raise doubts or suspicions among an ordinary man. Grisha is the poet's hope, his bet on representatives of the revolutionary peasantry.

Composite image

The poet himself notes that in the image of Grisha he captured the features that were characteristic of the revolutionary-minded youth of the 1860-1870s, the French communards and progressive representatives of the peasantry. Researchers claim that the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is somewhat schematic. But this is easily explained by the fact that Nekrasov was creating a new historical type hero and could not fully portray everything I wanted in him. This was influenced by the conditions accompanying the creation of the new type, and historical features time.

Nekrasov reveals his vision of a public figure, specifying deep historical roots the struggle of the people, depicting the spiritual and political connection of the hero with the fate and hopes of the people, systematizing them in the images of specific individuals and individual characteristics biographies.

Characteristics of the hero

The image of the people's defender Grisha Dobrosklonov describes a simple guy from the people who wants to fight with the established social strata. He stands on the same level as ordinary peasants and is no different from them. Already at the very beginning of its life path he learned what need, hunger and poverty are, and realized that these phenomena must be resisted. For him, the order that reigned in the seminary was the result of an unjust social structure. Already during his studies, he realized all the hardships of seminary life and was able to comprehend them.

In the 60s of the 19th century, seminarians grew up reading the works of freedom-loving Russian authors. Many writers emerged from among clerical students, for example, Pomyalovsky, Levitov, Chernyshevsky and others. Revolutionary tempering, closeness to the people and natural abilities make the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov a symbol of the people's leader. The character of the young seminarian contains characteristic youthful traits, such as spontaneity and shyness, combined with dedication and strong will.

Hero's feelings

Grisha Dobrosklonov is full of love, which he pours out on his suffering mother, on his homeland and people. The poem even contains a specific reflection of his love for ordinary people, whom he helps “to the best of his ability.” He reaps, mows, sows and celebrates holidays together with ordinary peasants. He loves spending time with other kids, wandering through the forest and picking mushrooms.

He sees his personal, personal happiness in the happiness of others, in peasant joy. It is not so easy to protect the humiliated, but Grisha Dobrosklonov does everything to ease the fate of the disadvantaged.

Revealing the image

Grisha reveals his feelings through songs, and through them he points the way to the happiness of a simple man. The first song is addressed to the intelligentsia, whom the hero seeks to encourage to protect the common people - this is what Grisha Dobrosklonov is all about. The characteristics of the next song can be explained simply: he motivates the people to fight, strives to teach the peasants “to be citizens.” After all, this is precisely the goal of his life - he longs to improve the life of the poor class.

The image of Grisha Dobrosklonov is revealed not only in songs, but also in his noble, radiant anthem. The seminarian devotes himself to chanting the time when revolution will become possible in Rus'. To explain whether there will be a revolution in the future or whether it has already sprouted its first shoots, Nekrasov used the image of the “third year,” which is mentioned four times in the poem. Is not historical detail, the city burned to the ground is a symbol of the overthrow of the fortress foundations.

Conclusion

The awareness of wandering men who are trying to figure out who is living well in Rus', how they can use their powers to improve the lives of the people, is the result of the poem. They realized that the only way to make people happy is to eradicate the “fortress”, to make everyone free - Grisha Dobrosklonov pushes them to such an idea. The characteristics of his image emphasize the existence of two main problem lines: who is “happier” and who is “more sinful” - which are resolved as a result. The happiest for Grisha are the fighters for the people's happiness, and the most sinful are the traitors of the people. Grigory Dobrosklonov is a new revolutionary hero, the engine of historical force that will consolidate freedom.

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” already in its title contains a question, the answer to which worried any enlightened person in Nekrasov’s time. And although the heroes of the work do not find someone who lives well, the author still makes it clear to the reader who he considers happy. The answer to this question is hidden in the image of Grisha Dobrosklonov, a hero who appears in the last part of the poem, but is far from the last in ideological terms.

For the first time, readers meet Grisha in the chapter “Good times - good songs”, during a feast, thanks to which the image of Grisha in “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is initially associated with the concept of national happiness. His father, the parish clerk, is loved by the people - it is not for nothing that he is invited to the peasant holiday. In turn, the clerk and sons are characterized as “ simple guys, kind ones,” just like the men, they mow and “drink vodka on holidays.” So from the very beginning of creating the image, Nekrasov makes it clear that Grisha shares his entire life with the people.

Then the life of Grisha Dobrosklonov is described in more detail. Despite his origins from the clergy, Grisha was familiar with poverty from childhood. His father, Tryphon, lived “poorer than the last shabby peasant.” Even the cat and dog chose to run away from the family, unable to bear the hunger. All this is due to the fact that the sexton has an “easy disposition”: he is always hungry and always looking for somewhere to drink. At the beginning of the chapter, his sons lead him, drunk, home. He boasts about his children, but he forgot to think about whether they were full.

Things are no easier for Grisha in the seminary, where the already meager food is taken away by the “economy grabber.” That is why Grisha has an “emaciated” face - sometimes from hunger he cannot sleep until the morning, he is still waiting for breakfast. Nekrasov several times focuses the reader’s attention on precisely this feature of Grisha’s appearance - he is thin and pale, although in another life he could have been a fine fellow: he has a wide bone and red hair. This appearance of the hero partly symbolizes all of Rus', which has the prerequisites for free and happy life, but for now living in a completely different way.

Since childhood, Grisha has been familiar first-hand with the main problems of the peasantry: overwork, hunger and drunkenness. But all this does not embitter, but rather strengthens the hero. From the age of fifteen, a firm conviction matures in him: he must live solely for the good of his people, no matter how poor and wretched they may be. In this decision, he is strengthened by the memory of his mother, the caring and hardworking Domnushka, who lived a short life because of her labors...

The image of Grisha’s mother is the image of a Russian peasant woman dearly loved by Nekrasov, resigned, unrequited, and at the same time carrying within herself a huge gift of love. Grisha, her “beloved son,” did not forget his mother after her death; moreover, her image merged for him with the image of the entire Vakhlachina. The last maternal gift is the song “Salty”, testifying to the depth mother's love- will accompany Grisha all his life. He hums it in the seminary, where it is “gloomy, strict, hungry.”

And longing for his mother leads him to a selfless decision to devote his life to others who are equally deprived.

Note that songs are very important for characterizing Grisha in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” by Nekrasov. They briefly and accurately reveal the essence of the hero’s ideas and aspirations, and his main life priorities are clearly visible.

The first of the songs sounding from Grisha’s lips conveys his attitude towards Rus'. It is clear that he perfectly understands all the problems that were tearing the country apart: slavery, ignorance and shame of the peasants - Grisha sees all this without embellishment. He easily selects words that can terrify the most insensitive listener, and this shows his pain for home country. And at the same time, the song sounds hope for future happiness, the belief that the desired will is already approaching: “But you will not die, I know!”...

Grisha's next song - about a barge hauler - enhances the impression of the first, depicting in detail the fate of an honest worker who spends "honestly acquired pennies" in a tavern. From private destinies the hero moves on to the depiction of “all mysterious Rus'” - this is how the song “Rus” is born. This is the anthem of his country, full of sincere love, in which one can hear faith in the future: “The army is rising - innumerable.” However, someone is needed to become the head of this army, and this fate is destined for Dobrosklonov.

There are two paths, Grisha believes, one of them is wide, rough, but along it is a crowd greedy for temptations. There is an eternal struggle for “mortal blessings”. It is along it, unfortunately, that the wanderers, the main characters of the poem, are initially directed. They see happiness in purely practical things: wealth, honor and power. Therefore, it is not surprising that they fail to meet Grisha, who has chosen a different path for himself, “tight but honest.” Only strong and loving souls follow this path, wanting to intercede for the offended. Among them is the future people’s intercessor Grisha Dobrosklonov, for whom fate is preparing “a glorious path, ... consumption and Siberia.” This road is not easy and does not bring personal happiness, and yet, according to Nekrasov, this is the only way - in unity with all the people - and one can become truly happy. The “great truth” expressed in Grisha Dobrosklonov’s song gives him such joy that he runs home, “jumping” with happiness and feeling “immense strength” within himself. At home, his delight is confirmed and shared by his brother, who speaks of Grisha’s song as “divine” - i.e. finally admitting that the truth is on his side.

Work test

Grisha Dobrosklonov: character story

“Who lives happily and freely in Rus'?” Russian schoolchildren are trying to find the answer to this question together with. The writer's poem about the wanderings of men around the world in search of happy person called an encyclopedia folk wisdom. The epic work “Who Lives Well in Rus'” contains many characters, and only at the end does he appear main character who turns out to be the lucky one is Grisha Dobrosklonov. The “People's Defender” dreams of the Motherland rising from its knees and the people gaining true freedom.

History of creation

The idea of ​​writing an epic in verse about the life of the Russian people, as a summing up of experience and observations revolutionary poet, came to Nikolai Nekrasov in the late 1850s. The writer took as a basis personal impressions of communicating with ordinary people, and also relied on some literary works.

So, the main source of inspiration was “Notes of a Hunter”. Here Nekrasov spied colorful images of characters and central messages. And only in 1863, when the country had already lived for two years without the shackles of serfdom, the writer sat down to work, eventually spending 14 years collecting and preparing the material.

As planned folk poem showed the unfolding destinies of various strata of society - from peasants to the ruler of the state. The main characters are looking for happy people on Russian soil, they had to travel from their native villages to St. Petersburg, where they would even meet with the Tsar. The journey lasted for a year, fitting into eight parts. However, the plan was not destined to come true - the seriously ill author managed to give the world only four chapters.

As parts were completed, they were published in the magazines Sovremennik and Domestic notes" Today the poem looks the same as it was published, because the author did not have time to clarify the “correct” composition:

• "Prologue";
• "Last One";
• "Peasant Woman";
• "A feast for the whole world."

The last chapter did not reach the reader during Nikolai Nekrasov’s lifetime. It was published three years after the death of the author, and then with serious censorship edits. Before his death, the writer changed his plan, trying to convey main idea, and made the ending open, where the most significant character– Grisha Dobrosklonov, who became the lucky man he was looking for.

There was no time left to develop the image, so readers saw only a hint of the intended outcome of the poem. Feeling the end of his life, Nikolai Alekseevich lamented:

“One thing I deeply regret is that I did not finish my poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

The writer tried to make the poem as accessible as possible to perception ordinary people, so I tried to bring rhythm to my work folk tales, added a scattering of songs, sayings and sayings, dialect words.

In the work there was a place for details from fairy tales: a self-assembled tablecloth, the number “seven” (so many wanderers went in search of happiness), a bird that can speak human voice, uncertainty of time and place (“in which land - guess” echoes the phrase from folklore “in some kingdom, in some state”).

Plot and image

One day, “on a pillared path,” seven peasants met, and a dispute ensued between them about who should live well in Rus'. Each voiced his own assumption: for sure, the lucky ones are among the priests, landowners, officials, merchants, and boyars. And finally, the king lives freely. It was not possible to come to a consensus, so the men went in search of a happy man to personally verify his existence.

The road leads travelers to the Volga, where the heroes meet peasants who are hiding the abolition of serfdom from the crazy old landowner. In exchange, the rich man’s relatives promise to give the peasants floodplain meadows after his death. However, they never keep their word.

A rumor that a “good-witted” and successful “governor” lives in a certain city leads wanderers to Matryona Timofeevna. However, she disappoints them, claiming that in Rus' there is no trace of female happiness. In the chapter “A Feast for the Whole World,” the peasants of a village on the Volga organize a celebration to mark the death of a landowner. Grisha Dobrosklonov, the 17-year-old son of a priest, appears among the initiators of the party.

The author created the image of the people's intercessor with complicated history life. The young man was born into the family of a lazy beggar sexton and a farm laborer from a remote village. Hungry childhood, seminary, where I also had a hard time... The support and generosity of neighboring peasants helped me not to die of hunger, so love for the common people with early years originated in the heart of the hero.

From the character’s description it is clear that Grisha Dobrosklonov sees happiness not in personal good, but in making life easier and simpler for the people. The meaning of his life path is contained in the phrase:

"...and about fifteen years
Gregory already knew for sure
What will live for happiness
Wretched and dark
Native corner."

Image analysis and public position Nekrasova answer the question why Dobrosklonov is happy. The hero stands apart from the scattering of characters in the poem; he is distinguished by his rebellious character and special perception of life. Other characters demonstrate submission to fate, become victims of circumstances. And Grisha is a fighter, the embodied fruit of the author’s thoughts on the paths that would lead Russian people to well-being.

According to critics, the character becomes a continuation of the image, the hero of Ivan Turgenev’s work “Fathers and Sons”, but unlike him, the young man from literary work Nekrasov is not alone; a revolutionary fire has already thoroughly flared up in the minds of people.

The poem contains a description of an intelligent democrat, born and raised in a poor outback, who seeks the truth in books and kills time thinking. Dobrosklonov is a poet who sings songs imbued with revolutionary optimism. The author’s attitude towards the hero is warm: Nikolai Nekrasov put into Grisha his own traits and thoughts about the triumph of democracy.

The artistic outline of the work is woven from chance encounters and conversations, individual destinies are intertwined in it, and all together creates a picture of poor, dirty and drunken Rus', standing on the threshold of change.

The work never came to the attention of the directors. Although in 1989 the namesake of the poem appeared - the film “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was released with, and starring. But the picture does not echo Nekrasov's poem: action takes place in post-war years 20th century.

Quotes

“He heard immense strength in his chest,
The sounds of grace delighted his ears,
The radiant sounds of the noble hymn -
He sang the embodiment of people's happiness!

“Fate had prepared for him
The path is glorious, the name is loud
People's Defender,
Consumption and Siberia."

“To feel sorry - to regret skillfully...”

“And I would be glad to go to heaven, but where is the door?”

“To be intolerant is an abyss! To endure is an abyss.”

“Oh mother! oh homeland!
We are not sad about ourselves, -
I feel sorry for you, dear.”

“Russian peasants are smart,
One thing is bad
That they drink until they are stupefied,
They fall into ditches, into ditches -
It’s a shame to see!”