Chatsky grief from mind. Chatsky's grief in Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit"

), belongs to the best part of the then Russian younger generation. Many literary critics claimed that Chatsky is a reasoner. This is completely false! One can call him a reasoner only insofar as the author expresses his thoughts and experiences through his lips; but Chatsky is a living, real face; he, like every person, has his own qualities and shortcomings. (See also Image of Chatsky.)

We know that Chatsky in his youth often visited Famusov’s house and, together with Sophia, studied with foreign teachers. But such an education could not satisfy him, and he went abroad to travel. His journey lasted 3 years, and now we see Chatsky again in his homeland, Moscow, where he spent his childhood. Like any person who has returned home after a long absence, everything here is nice to him, everything excites him Nice memories, related to childhood; he takes pleasure in reminiscing about acquaintances in whom, by his nature, he sharp mind, certainly sees funny, caricatured features, but he does it at first without any malice or bile, and so, for laughter, to embellish the memories: “a Frenchman, knocked down by the wind ...”, and “this ... dark one, on crane legs ... »

Woe from the mind. Maly Theater performance, 1977

Going through the typical, sometimes caricatured aspects of Moscow life, Chatsky passionately says that when

“...you wander, you return home,
And the smoke of the fatherland is sweet and pleasant to us!”

In this, Chatsky is completely different from those young people who, returning from abroad to Russia, treated everything Russian with contempt and praised only everything that they saw in foreign countries. It was precisely thanks to this external comparison of native Russian with foreign language that the language developed in that era to a very strong extent. gallomania, which so outrages Chatsky. His separation from his homeland, the comparison of Russian life with European life, only aroused an even stronger, deeper love for Russia, for the Russian people. That is why, having found himself again after a three-year absence among Moscow society, under a fresh impression he sees all the exaggeration, all the funny sides of this gallomania.

But Chatsky, who is hot by nature, no longer laughs, he is deeply indignant at the sight of how the “Frenchman from Bordeaux” reigns among Moscow society only because he is a foreigner; is indignant at the fact that everything Russian and national causes ridicule in society:

“How to put the European in parallel
Something strange about the national one!” –

someone says, causing general laughter of approval. Reaching the point of exaggeration, Chatsky, in contrast to the general opinion, says with indignation:

“At least we could borrow a few from the Chinese
Their ignorance of foreigners is wise.”
………………………
“Will we ever be resurrected from the foreign power of fashion,
So that our smart, kind people
Although he didn’t consider us Germans based on our language?” –

meaning by “Germans” foreigners and hinting that in society in that era everyone spoke foreign languages ​​to each other; Chatsky suffers, realizing what an abyss separates millions of the Russian people from the ruling class of nobles.

WITH early years children were given a foreign upbringing, which gradually alienated secular youth from everything native and national. Chatsky casually sneers at these “regiments” of foreign teachers, “more in number, at a cheaper price,” who were entrusted with the education of noble youth. Hence the ignorance of one’s people, hence the misunderstanding plight, in which the Russian people were located, thanks serfdom. Through the mouth of Chatsky, Griboedov expresses the thoughts and feelings of the best part of the nobility of that time, who were outraged by the injustices that entailed serfdom, who fought against the tyranny of avid serf owners. Chatsky (monologue “Who are the judges?..”) bright colors depicts pictures of such tyranny, recalling one master, “Nestor of the noble scoundrels,” who exchanged several of his faithful servants for three greyhounds; another, a theater lover, who

“I drove to the serf ballet on many wagons
From mothers and fathers of rejected children"; –

he made “all of Moscow marvel at their beauty.” But then, in order to pay off creditors, he sold off these children, who portrayed “cupids and zephyrs” on stage, one by one, separating them forever from their parents...

Chatsky cannot calmly talk about this, his soul is indignant, his heart aches for the Russian people, for Russia, which he loves dearly, which he would like to serve. But how to serve?

“I would be glad to serve, but being served is sickening,”

he says, hinting that among the many government officials he sees only the Molchalins or such nobles as Famusov’s uncle Maxim Petrovich.

I don't go here anymore.
I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where is there a corner for an offended feeling!
Give me a carriage, a carriage!”

In this stormy outburst of despair, Chatsky’s entire ardent, unbalanced, noble soul is visible.

In my comedy there are 25 fools for every sane person. And sometimes a person, of course, is in conflict with the society around him, no one understands him, no one wants to forgive him, why is he a little higher than others.
A.S. Griboyedov
In 1824 Griboyedov created immortal comedy“Woe from Wit.” The main character of this comedy is Chatsky.
Chatsky is a young educated nobleman who returned from a three-year journey. He is not rich, although he belongs to the “ famous surname" He spent his childhood in Moscow, in the house of Famusov, a friend of his late father; here he grew up and became friends with Sofia. We do not know where and what kind of education Chatsky received, but we see that he is an enlightened person.
Chatsky returned to Moscow to Famusov’s house because he loves Sofia. “At first light,” without stopping home, he quickly appears at Famusov’s house and expresses his ardent love to Sofia. This already characterizes him as an ardent, passionate person. Neither separation nor travel cooled his feelings, which he expresses poetically and passionately. Chatsky’s speech is emotional, it often contains exclamations and questions:
Oh my god! Am I really here again?
In Moscow!..
Chatsky is smart, eloquent, his speech is witty and apt. Sofia says about him:
Sharp, smart, eloquent.
Famusov recommends Chatsky:
...he's a little guy with a head
And he writes and translates nicely...
A number of aphorisms testify to Chatsky’s sharp and subtle mind: “Blessed is he who believes, he is warm in the world,” “The mind is not in harmony with the heart.” Chatsky stands for true enlightenment. He passionately proclaims:
Now let one of us
Of the young people, there are- enemy of quest,
Without demanding either places or promotion,
He will focus his mind, hungry for knowledge, on science...
The image of Chatsky is new, fresh, bringing changes to the life of society. He despises hypocrisy and inhumane treatment of the people. For him, love is sacred. He “knows no deception and believes in his chosen dream.” And that is why he experiences with such pain the disappointment that befell him when he found out that Sofia loved someone else, that is, Molchalin. Chatsky is alone in Famusov’s house. Everyone turned away from him, calling him crazy. The reason for his madness Famusov society sees in enlightenment:
Study- that's the plague, learning- that's the reason
What is worse now than then,
There were crazy people, deeds, and opinions.
Chatsky was forced to leave Famusov's house. He was defeated because the forces were unequal. But in turn, he gave a good rebuff to the “past” century.
Chatsky also speaks indignantly about serfdom. In the monologue “Who are the judges?..” he angrily speaks out against the oppressors:
Where, show us, are the fathers of the fatherland,
Which ones should we take as models?
Aren't these rich in robbery?
They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,
Magnificent building chambers,
Where they spill out in feasts and extravagance,
And where foreign clients will not be resurrected
The meanest features of the past life.
Chatsky believes that it is necessary to serve not individuals, but a cause. He sees a person's value in his personal merits.
The image of Chatsky showed us what it should be like real man. He is the one people should emulate.
This comedy is undoubtedly - best work great playwright.

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The image of Alexander Chatsky successfully combined the features of a Byronic hero and extra person. He is a herald of new orders, a man ahead of his time. That is why his personality is clearly contrasted in the comedy with all the other characters, and he is, in fact, lonely and misunderstood by his society.

Family, childhood and youth of the hero

Alexander Andreevich Chatsky is a hereditary nobleman, an aristocrat by birth. He was born in Moscow and from childhood was included in the world of high society so desired by many. Chatsky's parents died early, leaving their son a significant estate as an inheritance.

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Alexander Andreevich has no brothers and sisters - he only child in family. Most likely, Chatsky had no other relatives (even distant ones), since after the death of his parents, Chatsky was taken in by his father’s friend, Pavel Famusov, an official and a noble person in the circles of the aristocracy and Moscow circles in particular.

Chatsky lives in Pavel Afanasyevich’s house for some time. Having matured, he sets off on an independent voyage. Apparently, Famusov was a good teacher, since Chatsky has pleasant memories of him. Alexander Andreevich arrives at Famusov’s house full of positive thoughts and with friendly intentions.

Chatsky is a member of the English Club - a gentlemen's club for aristocrats. The English Club provided for a varied expression of social and political life. However, in general it boiled down to card games and lunch. Apparently, Alexander Andreevich was not his frequent guest. At first, this was due to his age; later, Chatsky goes abroad, which a priori makes it impossible to visit this club. At the end of the three-year period, Chatsky returns to his homeland, where the main events of Griboedov’s comedy take place.

Abroad, Alexander Andreevich gets the opportunity not only to be impressed by the features of architecture and cultural heritage Europe, but also to learn about the peculiarities of relationships between people, their social and public position.

Personality characteristics

Like any other aristocrat, Chatsky received a basic education, which included basic concept about the arrangement of the world and economics, was trained foreign languages(in particular, French, as the most widespread of all foreign languages). In addition, Alexander Andreevich was trained in dance and music - this was commonplace for the aristocracy. Chatsky’s education did not end there, but moved into the form of self-development. Alexander Andreevich actively explores the world and is engaged in self-study and deepening your knowledge in one category or another. An active and inquisitive personality type and an inquisitive mind allowed Chatsky to accumulate a significant amount of knowledge, thanks to which he became a philosopher without reaching his gray hairs.

Chatsky was previously a member of military service, but he soon became disillusioned with military career and resigned. Alexander Andreevich did not start civil service. She was of little interest to him.

My later life he plans to devote himself to the affairs of his estate. However, in the eyes of the public, such an act looks like an unthinkable action - those around them believe that an adequate person cannot do this, because it is thanks to these two types of activities that a young man can make a name for himself and earn authority in society - other types of activities, even if they are beneficial and do not contradict the rules and principles of morality, are not accepted by others and are considered absurd.

Chatsky does not consider it a disadvantage to freely express his position - he thinks that this should be the norm in an educated society.

His speech is often sarcastic and ironic. Apparently, this is due to his outright opposition to other representatives of society. He is a sincere person, Chatsky believes that it is necessary to tell people the truth - he does not accept deceit and lies. Alexander Andreevich has a sensitive and sincere disposition. He is a passionate person, so it is difficult for him to control his emotions.

Chatsky recognizes the need for science and art in human life. People who neglect their education and development disgust Chatsky.

He sincerely loves his homeland and is filled with desire to improve the lives of his people, not only at the level of the aristocracy, but also at the level ordinary people.

Chatsky’s life position and his conflict with the Famusov society

Chatsky actively opposes the so-called Famus society - a group of aristocrats united by the personality of his teacher, important official- Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov. In fact, based on this group of aristocrats, a typical situation in aristocratic circles is shown. It is not unique individuals who speak through the mouths of representatives of Famus society, but typical individuals characteristic of high society. And their position is not exclusively theirs, but an everyday occurrence.

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First of all, the difference between Chatsky and his vision from Famusov and his hangers-on lies in his attitude to business management and the peculiarities of promotion career ladder– in the world of aristocracy, everything is decided by bribes and mutual responsibility – honor and pride have long been forgotten high society. They are ready to admire people who serve and are ready to please their boss in every possible way - no one appreciates people who do their job well, who are professionals in their field, and this is very upsetting young man. To the particular amazement of Alexander Andreevich, not only their own people take bribes, but also foreigners, for whom this is an unacceptable business.

The next stumbling block was the attitude towards activities, as well as science and art. In the vision of aristocrats, only civil service or military service is worthy of attention and honor - they consider other types of activities to be second-rate and shameful for a person noble birth. They subject servants of science and muses to special hatred and persecution. This position lies, first of all, in an absolute disregard for education. Almost all representatives of Famus society think that science and education do not bring any benefit, but only take away energy and time from people. They have approximately the same opinion about art. They consider people who are ready to engage in science or art to be abnormal and are ready to ridicule them in every possible way.

Chatsky also gives an unsatisfactory characterization of landowners, having analyzed their attitude towards serfs - very often serfs are nothing to the nobles - they can be a commodity or a living toy in the hands of the aristocracy. This applies not only to people who unscrupulously performed their duties, but also to those who diligently served their landowner. Nobles can sell their serfs and even exchange them for dogs. In general, Griboyedov, neither personally nor with the help of his heroes, never campaigned or criticized serfdom as a whole, nor was he a supporter of it. His criticism is directed not at the building of relationships itself, but at specific cases of cruelty and injustice on the part of landowners towards their serfs.

Chatsky and Sonya Famusova

Alexander Chatsky and Sonya Famusova were longtime acquaintances - they had known each other since childhood. After the death of Chatsky’s parents, the girl actually replaced his sister - their relationship was always friendly and positive. As they grew older, they began to change, and childhood affection and friendship was replaced by love. However, the novel was prevented from fully developing by Chatsky’s trip and the fact that he left Famusov, which Sonya perceived not as an everyday occurrence associated with Chatsky’s achievement of a new stage in life - independent formation, but as disappointment. In her opinion, Chatsky left their house because he was bored with life there.

On his trip, Chatsky took with him not only warm memories of his teacher, but also his love for his daughter, Sonya. Upon returning home, he hoped to renew their relationship and develop it. Alexander Andreevich saw his future wife in the image of Sonya. However, immediately after his arrival, he was sharply opposed in his intentions to marry the girl by her father, who believed that only a rich man who was ready to pursue his career could apply for the position of his son-in-law. Chatsky did not fit the criteria - he was wealthy, but not rich enough, and he completely abandoned his career, which was perceived extremely negatively by Famusov. From that time on, Famusov’s childhood admiration gradually began to melt away.

Alexander Andreevich hopes that the girl’s feelings towards him are sincere, and they will be able to convince their father of the need for marriage. Sonya reciprocates Chatsky's feelings, however, over time it turns out that his beloved is no better than her father. Her gratitude and reciprocity are just a game for the public, but in fact the girl loves another person, and she was just fooling Chatsky.

The annoyed Chatsky accuses the girl of unworthy behavior and is sincerely glad that he did not become her husband, for this would have been a real punishment.

Thus, Alexander Chatsky’s image is generally humane and full of desire to change the lives of the people around him for the better. He sincerely believes in the benefits of science and art, and people who pay attention to their development arouse his interest and admiration. According to Chatsky, lies and self-interest should fade into the background, and goodness and humanity should take their place. People, in his understanding, should live guided by the laws of morality, and not by personal gain.

The image of Chatsky in the comedy “Woe from Wit” by Griboedov: the character and life of the hero (Alexander Andreevich Chatsky)

Chatsky - young free man; one might say, a traveler, a seeker of new things. He’s not rich, doesn’t have any rank, and he doesn’t need him for anything: “I’d be glad to serve, it’s sickening to be served,” he says to Famusov when he calls on Chatsky to serve if he wants to marry Sophia. Chatsky is smart, witty, says only what’s in his heart - and that’s his distinguishing feature. I would even dare to compare him with Khlestakov: “What’s on the mind is on the tongue.”

Chatsky is a man of new times, progressive views, a man of a different kind:

“I scolded your age mercilessly!” –

He exposes present century, the time in which he lives and, most importantly, is not afraid to do it. In this regard, the question arises: “Who else if not him?” “Alone in the field is not a warrior” says folk wisdom. But in this case, a warrior is a warrior if he is Chatsky!

This is true; he is a healer, a healer of freedom. He is trying to make himself understood - he does not accept the current system, as I already said. But the fact is that no one understands him, and cannot understand, and they take him for a madman. Chatsky himself says to Famusov and Skalozub:

“The houses are new, but the prejudices are old;
Rejoice, they won’t destroy you
Neither their years, nor fashion, nor fires" -

That's the problem! But does Chatsky himself understand that all his calls, all his exhortations, all his strength, all that caustic intelligence that he put into his words - does he understand that all this... seems to be in vain? He knows that it is not in vain, for it is not the present age, not these people, who will understand him, but others will certainly understand him.

In the comedy, Chatsky is the most significant character in terms of his function, because without him nothing would have happened: Famusov’s society would have remained Famusov’s, or would have changed slightly in connection with new trends, as is usually the case.

Throughout the comedy, Chatsky earned many characteristics about himself. Here are some of them.

I. Lisa about Chatsky:

1) “Who is so sensitive, and cheerful, and sharp,
Like Alexander Andreich Chatsky!”

II. Sofya Pavlovna about Chatsky:

1) (D. I, Z. 5)

"...He's nice
He knows how to make everyone laugh;
He chats, jokes, it’s funny to me;
Laughter can be shared with everyone.”

2) (Also D., also me.)

“Austere, smart, eloquent.
I’m especially happy with friends.”

3) (Also D., I 6) Sophia, angry with Chatsky’s words about Molchalin:

“Not a man, a snake!”

4) (D. II, I. 8)

“Deadly with their coldness!
I don’t have the strength to look at you or listen to you.”

5) (Also D., also Y.)

“What do you need me for?
Yes, it’s true, it’s not your troubles – it’s fun for you,
Kill your own father - it’s all the same.”

6) (Also D., I. 9)

“Ah, Alexander Andreich, here,
You appear to be quite generous:
It’s your neighbor’s misfortune that you are so partial.”

7) (Also D., I. 11)

“...I’m afraid that I won’t be able to withstand the pretense.
Why did God bring Chatsky here!”

8) Chatsky receives a thorough characterization from Sophia in III D., 1st phenomenon:

“Your gaiety is not modest,
You've got a joke ready right away,
And you yourself..."

“...a menacing look and a harsh tone,
And there are an abyss of these features in you,
And a thunderstorm above itself is far from useless” -

With this, Sophia reproaches Chatsky for being too frank. She, perhaps, believes that Chatsky himself does not see these “peculiarities of the abyss” - these, in Sophia’s opinion, are the strongest shortcomings. She calls on Chatsky to fight them. But are these disadvantages? Only in the opinion of the Famus society, but not in the opinion of Chatsky.

“It’s noticeable that you are ready to pour out bile on everyone;
And so as not to interfere, I’ll avoid here.”

“Why should there be, I’ll tell you straight,
So I will not restrain my tongue,
In contempt for people so openly,
That there is no mercy even for the humblest!.. What?
If anyone happens to name him:
A hail of your barbs and jokes will break out.
Tell jokes! and joke forever! How will you care about this!”

Hinting at Chatsky:

“Of course, he doesn’t have this mind
What a genius is to some, and a plague to others,
Which is fast, brilliant and will soon become disgusting,
Which the world scolds on the spot,
So that the world can at least say something about him,
Will such a mind make a family happy?

9) (D. III, I. 14)

"Oh, this man always
Causing me terrible distress!
I am glad to humiliate, to stab; envious, proud and angry!

"He has a screw loose"

"Not really..."

"A! Chatsky, you like to dress everyone up as jesters,
Would you like to try it on yourself?”

III. Chatsky about himself:

1) (D. I, I. 7)

“Listen, are my words really all caustic words?
And tend to harm someone?
But if so, the mind and heart are not in harmony.
I'm eccentric to another miracle
Once I laugh, then I’ll forget..."

2) (Also D., Ya. 9)

"Oh! no, I’m not spoiled enough by hopes.”

"I'm not a dream teller"

"I believe my own eyes"

3) (D. II, I. 7)

“It’s not my desire to continue arguing...”

4) (D. III, I. 1)

“Me myself? Isn’t it funny?”

“I’m strange, but who isn’t strange?
The one who is like all fools..."

“But is there in him *(in Molchalin)* that passion,
That feeling, that ardor,
So that he has the whole world besides you
Did it seem like dust and vanity?
So that every beat of the heart
Has love accelerated towards you?
So that all his thoughts and all his deeds are
Soul - you, do you please?..”

"Oh! My God! Am I really one of those people?
For whom the goal of life is laughter?
I have fun when I meet funny people
And more often than not I miss them.”

5) (D. IV, I. ​​10)

“Am I really going crazy?”

6) (Also D., Y. 14)

“Blind man! In whom I sought the reward of all my labors!”

IV. Famusov about Chatsky

1) (D. I, Z. 10)

“...this dandy friend;
He is a notorious spendthrift, a tomboy;
What's the commission, creator?
To be a father to an adult daughter!”

2) (D. II, I. 2)

“That’s it, you are all proud!
Would you ask what the fathers did?
We would learn by looking at our elders..."

"Oh! My God! he’s a carbonari!”

"A dangerous person!"

“What does he say? and speaks as he writes!

“He wants to preach freedom!”

“He doesn’t recognize the authorities!”

“And I don’t want to know you, I don’t tolerate debauchery.”

“Here they are scouring the world, beating their thumbs,
They come back, expect order from them.”

3) (D. II, I. 3)

"They're going to kill you
On trial, they’ll give you something to drink.”

4) (D. II, I. 4)

“... Andrei Ilyich’s late son:
It does not serve, that is, he does not find any benefit in it,
It's a pity, it's a pity, he's small in head,
And he writes and translates beautifully.”

5) (D. III, I. 21)

“I’ve been wondering for a long time how no one will tie him up!
Try talking about the authorities, and you won’t know what they’ll tell you!
Bow a little low, bend like a ring,
Even in front of a monk's face,
So he’ll call you a scoundrel!..”

“I followed my mother, Anna Aleksevna:
The deceased went crazy eight times.”

6) (D. IV, I. ​​15)

"Insane! What kind of nonsense is he talking about here!
The sycophant! father-in-law! and about Moscow so menacingly!”

V. Other persons about Chatsky:

1) (D. III, I. 10), Khlestova:

“...What is he happy about? What kind of laughter is there?
It’s a sin to laugh at old age..."
“I pulled his ears, but not enough.”

2) (D. III, I. 15 and 16), G. N. and G. D.:

"Crazy!"

3) (D. III, I. 16), Zagoretsky:

“... His uncle, the rogue, hid him in the insane...
They grabbed me, took me to the yellow house, and put me on a chain.
So they let him off the chain,”

"He's crazy"

Countess granddaughter:

“Imagine, I noticed it myself;
And even if you bet, you’re on the same page with me.”

(I. 19) Zagoretsky:

“In the mountains he was wounded in the forehead, went crazy from the wound.”

(I. 20) Countess grandmother:

“Yes!.. he’s in Pusurmans!
Oh! damned Voltairean!”

(Ya. 21) Khlestova:

“I was drinking glasses of champagne.”

Famusov:

“Learning is the plague, learning is the reason...”

4) (D. IV, I. ​​7), Princess:

“... it’s dangerous to talk to them,
It's time to ban it long ago...
…
I think he's just a Jacobin..."

According to Famusov, and, I think, in the opinion of the entire Famusov society, Chatsky is a perverted nature; and his perversity is expressed in this: in speech, in actions - in everything, and he is perverted in that he sees all the injustice, unrighteousness, precisely the very perversity of Famus society. What dares, moreover, to express his opinion. "He's a carbonari!" – exclaims Famusov. “He’s a Jacobin,” says the princess. And no matter how they call Chatsky, everyone comes to the conclusion... more precisely, Sophia came to the conclusion, and then as a joke, in revenge, and the rest of society agreed with this conclusion - in general, Chatsky has gone crazy. But this is not so - and we know this very well. He was simply smarter than his time, he was ahead of it and fought with the old order, sophisticatedly and cunningly exposing them... He opposed himself to the whole society; he fought with him... in the end, he comes to the conclusion that only time will change these people. Then he leaves to wander - again:

“Get out of Moscow! I don't go here anymore.
I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where is there a corner for an offended feeling!
Give me a carriage, a carriage!”

But what did Chatsky leave behind, what did he change? After all, Famus society remained Famus society! Or has he planted a seed, a seed of freedom that will soon bear fruit?
Chatsky, being sensitive and, moreover, witty person, said all sorts of “barbs”, accused Famus society for not being able to understand him, for not wanting to change, and for making fun of him. He tried on himself special role- the role of a judge, an exposer of vices, of all this injustice that is piling up and surrounding this entire society. So has anything changed? It is impossible to answer this question, just as it is impossible to answer the question: “Will this person be a talented poet? - and the person has not yet been born; He hasn’t grown up yet - he’s still just in embryo...

/A.A. Grigoriev. Regarding the new edition of an old thing. "Woe from Wit." St. Petersburg 1862/

So I now turn to my second position - to the fact that Chatsky is still the only heroic the face of our literature.<...>

Chatsky first of all - honest And active nature, and also the nature of a fighter, that is, the nature of highest degree passionate.

They usually say that a secular person in secular society, firstly, he will not allow himself to say what Chatsky says, and secondly, he will not fight windmills, preach to the Famusovs, the Silents and others.<...>

In Chatsky there is only a truthful nature, which will not allow any lies - that’s all; and he will allow himself everything that his truthful nature allows himself. And that there are and were truthful natures in life, here is the evidence: old man Grinev 1, old Bagrov 2, old Dubrovsky 3. Alexander Andreevich Chatsky must have inherited the same nature, if not from his father, then from his grandfather or great-grandfather.

Another question is whether Chatsky would talk to people he despises.

And you forget with this question that Famusov, on whom he pours out “all the bile and all the annoyance,” is not just such and such a person for him, but a living memory of his childhood, when he was taken “to bow” to his master, which

He drove away on many trucks from the mothers and fathers of rejected children.<...>

<...>Chatsky believes in the benefit of his sermon less than you yourself, but bile has boiled in him, his sense of truth is offended. And besides, he's in love...

Do you know how such people love?

Not this one and not worthy of a man love, which absorbs all existence into the thought of a beloved object and sacrifices everything to this thought, even the idea of ​​moral improvement: Chatsky loves passionately, madly and tells the truth to Sophia that

I breathed you, lived, was constantly busy...

But this only means that the thought of her merged for him with every noble thought or deed of honor and goodness. He speaks the truth when asking her about Molchalin:

But does he have that passion, that feeling, that ardor, so that, except for you, the whole world seems like dust and vanity to him?

But underneath this truth lies the dream of his Sophia, as capable of understanding that “the whole world” is “dust and vanity” before the idea of ​​truth and goodness, or, at least, capable of appreciating this belief in the person she loves, capable of loving for it person. He loves only such an ideal Sophia; he does not need another: he will reject the other and broken hearted will do

Search the world, Where there is a corner for the offended feeling.

Look with what deep psychological fidelity the entire conversation between Chatsky and Sophia in Act III is visible. Chatsky keeps asking why he is silent higher And better; he even enters into conversation with him, trying to find in him

A quick mind, a mature genius, -

and yet she cannot, is unable to understand that Sophia loves Molchalin precisely for properties that are opposite to the properties of him, Chatsky, for petty and vulgar properties (she does not yet see Molchalin’s vile traits). Only after being convinced of this, he leaves his dream, but leaves as a husband - irrevocably, he already sees the truth clearly and fearlessly. Then he tells her:

You will make peace with him after mature reflection. Destroy yourself!.. and for what? You can scold him, and swaddle him, and send him to work.

Meanwhile, there is a reason why Chatsky passionately loved this apparently so insignificant and petty nature. What was it about him? Not just childhood memories, but more important reasons, at least physiological. Moreover, this fact is not at all the only one in that strange, ironic cycle that is called life. People like Chatsky often love such petty and insignificant women as Sophia. You could even say that for the most part they like it that way. This is not a paradox. They sometimes meet women who are completely honest, who are quite capable of understanding them, sharing their aspirations, and are not satisfied with them. Sophia is something fatal, inevitable in their life, so fatal and inevitable that for the sake of this they neglect honest and warm-hearted women...

<...>You, gentlemen, who consider Chatsky to be Don Quixote, are especially emphasizing the monologue that ends the third act. But, firstly, the poet himself put his hero here in a comic position and, remaining faithful to the high psychological task, showed what comic outcome untimely energy can take; and secondly, again, you probably haven’t thought about how people with the inclinations of even some kind of moral energy love. Everything he says in this monologue, he says for Sophia; he gathers all the strength of his soul, wants to reveal himself with all his nature, wants to convey everything to her at once.<...>This shows Chatsky’s last faith in Sophia’s nature...; here for Chatsky the question is about the life or death of an entire half of his moral existence. That this personal question merged with a public question is again true to the nature of the hero, who is the only type of moral and manly struggle in the sphere of life that the poet has chosen.<...>

Yes, Chatsky is - I repeat again - our only hero, that is, the only one who is positively fighting in the environment where fate and passion have thrown him.<...>

Chatsky, in addition to his general heroic significance, also has significance historical. He is a product of the first quarter of Russian XIX century, direct son and heir of the Novikovs 7 and Radishchevs 8, comrade of people

Eternal memory of the twelfth year,

powerful, still deeply believing in itself and therefore a stubborn force, ready to die in a collision with the environment, to die if only because it would leave behind a “page in history”... He does not care that the environment with which he is struggling, positively unable not only to understand him, but even to take him seriously.

But Griboyedov, as a great poet, cares about this. No wonder he called his drama a comedy.

Read also other articles by critics about the comedy "Woe from Wit":

A.A. Grigoriev. Regarding the new edition of an old thing. "Woe from Wit"

• Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" - a representation of secular life
• Characteristics of Chatsky

I.A. Goncharov

V. Belinsky. "Woe from Wit." Comedy in 4 acts, in verse. Essay by A.S. Griboedova