Fiery spring sunset with lush clouds. Summer residents

With a different organization of the text, fully presented verbal means make it possible to completely dispense with punctuation marks (which can be considered as a special literary device):

huge orange ball

attracts with the power of its fire

hot and cold celestial bodies

doesn't let them fall on top of each other

and fly away

Of all the planets, only one is rebellious

and this is the cost of a whirlwind life

it accumulates more and more burning and smoke

to block out the sunshine

but from the point of view of the universe it is temporary

the smoke clears and the light remains

(V. Kupriyanov).

Individuality in the use of punctuation marks can manifest itself both in expanding the boundaries of their use and in enhancing their functional properties. A combination of signs or a deliberate repetition of one of the signs can also be purely the author’s and sometimes represent an individual technique found by the writer to convey the special state of the lyrical hero. If punctuation is included in the system of literary techniques that help reveal the essence of poetic thought and the image created with its help, it becomes a powerful stylistic tool.

So, individuality in the use of punctuation marks does not lie in violating the punctuation system, nor in neglecting the traditional meanings of signs, but in enhancing their significance as additional means of conveying thoughts and feelings in a written text, in expanding the boundaries of their use. Individualized punctuation carries a charge of expression, it is stylistically significant and helps the writer and poet in creating artistic expressiveness. And this, in turn, increases the degree of development and flexibility of the punctuation system of the language. Thus, creative individuality, taking advantage of the expressive and figurative capabilities of punctuation, simultaneously enriches it.

Exercise 78. Analyze the effect of the semantic principle of punctuation marks. Identify the functions of the word one in different contexts. Explain the use of signs with this word or with the phrases in which it is included.

1. Away, alone, among people

I will always imagine

You, shadows of coastal willows,

You, peace and sleep of the Trigorsk fields,

And the bank of Soroga is sloping (P.).

2. But about their roots are outdated

(Where once everything was empty, bare)

Now the young grove has grown,

Green Family; the bushes are crowding

Under their canopy they are like children. And in the distance

One of their sullen comrades stands,

Like an old bachelor, and around him

Everything is still empty (P.).

3. Alone, immersed in calculations,

Armed with a blunt cue,

He's playing billiards with two balls

Plays since the morning (P.).

4. So he stood alone - without anxiety.

I looked at the mountains in the distance.

And there - on a steep road -

It was already swirling in red dust (Bl.).

5. The light in the window was shaking,

In the twilight - alone -

Whispered at the entrance

With darkness harlequin (Bl.).

6. Not believing admiration:

With darkness - alone -

At the brooding door

The harlequin laughed (Bl.).

7. My tragedy is over; I reread it aloud, alone, and beat my hands and shouted, hey Pushkin, hey son of a bitch! My little fool is very funny<...>The others are also very nice; except for Captain Margeret... (P.). 8. Go and finish what you started, you in whom genius has settled! Elevate Russian poetry to that level between the poetry of all nations, to which Peter the Great elevated Russia among the powers. Do one that he did alone; and our business is gratitude and surprise (Bar.). 9. Life is arranged in such a way that he lives in his big manor alone, she lives alone in a remote village, but for some reason even the thought that he and she could be close and equal seems impossible, absurd (Ch.). 10. This Khanov, a man of about forty, with a shabby face and a sluggish expression, was already beginning to noticeably age, but was still handsome and liked women. He lived in his large estate, alone, and did not serve anywhere (Ch.). 11. Oh, how the crippled heavens mocked the fact that I was one of those ignoramuses who overthrew the flesh, which is more royal than sorrow (Past.).

Exercise 79. Conduct an analysis of the individual author's use of punctuation marks. Identify the conditions for using signs and evaluate them from the point of view of appropriateness or inappropriateness.

1. Thunder struck from the heavens, although there were no clouds on them (M.G.). 2. But the knife broke - it was as if they hit a stone with it (M. G.). 3. The atlas is like a deck of cards: shuffled to perfection! (Color). 4. Complete and strange freedom of a mask: a mask: a face that is not one’s own. Complete irresponsibility and complete defenselessness (Color).

5. When the foliage is damp and rusty

The bunch of rowan trees will turn red, -

When the executioner's hand is bony

Drives the last nail into the palm, -

When above the ripples of leaden rivers,

In the damp and gray heights,

Before the face of the harsh homeland

I'll swing on the cross

Then it’s spacious and far away

I look through the blood of dying tears

And I see: along the wide river

Christ is sailing towards me in a boat (Bl.).

6. What stars, what thought and sadness are above, but below they know nothing (Nab.). 7. To the left, in swift and clean handwriting, without a single extra line: “Please note that when they talk to you -” - then, alas, it was erased (Nab.). 8. One said in a loud voice: “Citizens, there is between us -” - then a terrible, almost forgotten word, - and the wind blew on the acacias, - and Cincinnatus did not find anything better than to get up and leave, absentmindedly picking leaves from the roadside bushes (Eb.).

Exercise 80. Analyze the punctuation of the text. Pay special attention to the dash and paragraph functions. Establish patterns in the use of these signs. Assess the appropriateness of such individualization of punctuation in the text, linking it with the features of the author’s style.

But I loved the keys: for their blackness and whiteness (slightly yellow!), for their blackness, so obvious, for their whiteness (slightly yellow!), so secretly sad, for the fact that some are wide and others are narrow (offended!) , for the fact that you can climb them, without moving, like climbing a ladder, and that this ladder can be done from under your hands! - and that from this staircase there are immediately icy streams - icy staircases of streams along the back - and heat in the eyes - the same heat in the valley of Dagestan...

And because the whites, when pressed, are clearly cheerful, and the blacks are immediately sad, true - sad, so true that if I press, it’s as if I press on my eyes, I immediately squeeze tears out of my eyes.

And for the very pressure: for the opportunity, just by pressing, to immediately begin to drown, and, until you let go, to drown without end, without a bottom - and even when you let go!

Because it looks like a smooth surface, but under the surface there is depth, like in water, like in the Oka, but smoother and deeper than the Oka, because there is an abyss at hand, because this abyss is from under your hands, because the fact that, without leaving your place, you fall forever.

For the treachery of this keyboard surface, ready to resound at the first touch - and absorb.

For passion - press, for fear - press: press, wake up - that's it. (Every soldier in the estate felt the same in 1918.)

And because this is mourning: my mother’s striped blouse from that end of summer, when, following the telegram: “Grandfather died quietly,” she herself appeared, tearful and yet smiling, with the first word to me: “Musya, Grandfather loved you very much.”

(M. Tsvetaeva)

Repeat exercises on spelling and punctuation

Exercise 1

Levinson sighed and straightened up, and something rang painfully and sweetly within him. Suddenly he pulled out a saber and also leaned forward with shining eyes; “For a breakthrough, huh?” - he asked Baklanov hoarsely, suddenly raising his saber above his head so that it all shone in the sun. And every partisan, seeing her, also shuddered and stretched out in his stirrups.

Baklanov, looking ferociously at the saber, turned sharply to the squad and shouted something piercing and sharp, which Levinson could no longer hear, because at that moment, caught up in the inner force that controlled Baklanov and that forced him to raise the saber, he rushed along the road, feeling that the whole squad should now rush after him...

When he looked back a few minutes later, the people were really rushing after him, bending over their saddles, sticking out their swift chins, and in their eyes there was that intense and passionate expression that he had seen in Baklanov.

This was the last coherent impression that Levinson retained, because at that very second something dazzlingly rumbling fell on him, hit him, spun him, crushed him - and he, no longer conscious of himself, but feeling that he was still alive, flew over some kind of orange, boiling abyss.

(A Fadeev)

Exercise 2. Write the text from dictation and compare what you write with what is printed.

How sad is the evening earth! How mysterious are the fogs over the swamps! Those who wandered in these mists, those who suffered a lot before death, those who flew over this earth, carrying an unbearable load, know this. The tired one knows this. And without regret he leaves the mists of the earth, its swamps and rivers, he surrenders with a light heart into the hands of death, knowing that only she will calm him down.

The magical black horses were tired and carried their riders slowly, and the inevitable night began to catch up with them. Sensing her behind him, even the restless Hippopotamus became quiet and, clutching the saddle with his claws, flew silent and serious, his tail fluffed. The night began to cover the forests and meadows with a black scarf, the night lit sad little lights somewhere far below, now uninteresting and unnecessary to either Margarita or the master, alien lights. Night overtook the cavalcade, fell on top of it and threw out white specks of stars here and there in the sad sky.

The night thickened, flew nearby, grabbed those jumping by the cloaks and, tearing them off their shoulders, exposed the deceptions. And when Margarita, blown by the cool wind, opened her eyes, she saw how the appearance of everyone flying towards their goal was changing. When the crimson and full moon began to emerge from the edge of the forest to meet them, all the deceptions disappeared, fell into the swamp, and the unstable witchcraft clothes drowned in the mists.

(M. Bulgakov)

Exercise 3. Write the text from dictation and compare what you write with what is printed.

Winter is over. At the beginning of April there were warm days and frosty nights, winter was not giving way, but one warm day finally overpowered it, and the streams flowed and the birds began to sing. The entire meadow and bushes near the river drowned in the spring waters, and between Zhukov and the other side the entire space was completely occupied by a huge bay, on which flocks of wild ducks fluttered here and there. The spring sunset, fiery, with lush clouds, every evening gave something extraordinary, new, incredible, exactly the same thing that you don’t believe later when you see the same colors and the same clouds in the picture.

The cranes flew quickly and quickly and screamed sadly, as if they were calling them to come with them. Standing on the edge of the cliff, Olga looked for a long time at the flood, at the sun, at the bright, as if rejuvenated church, and tears flowed from her, and her breath was taken away because she passionately wanted to go somewhere where her eyes were looking, even to the ends of the world. And it was already decided that she would go back to Moscow, to become a maid, and Kiryak would go with her to work as a janitor or something. Oh, I wish I could leave soon!

When it dried out and became warm, we got ready to set off. Olga and Sasha, with knapsacks on their backs, both in bast shoes, came out at dawn: Marya also came out to see them off. Kiryak was unwell and stayed at home for another week.

(A. Chekhov)

Exercise 4. Write the text from dictation and compare what you write with what is printed.

And old Taras loved to see how both of his sons were among the first. Ostap, it seemed, was destined for the path of battle and the difficult knowledge of carrying out military affairs. Never at a loss or embarrassed by any incident, with a composure almost unnatural for a twenty-two-year-old, in an instant he could measure all the danger and the entire state of affairs, and could immediately find ways to evade it, but evade it in order to then it’s better to overcome it. The already experienced confidence now began to signify movements, and the inclinations of the future leader could not help but be noticeable in them. His body breathed with strength, and knightly qualities had already acquired the broad strength of a lion...

Andriy was completely immersed in the charming music of bullets and swords. He did not know what it meant to think about, or calculate, or measure in advance his own and others’ strengths. He saw frantic bliss and rapture in battle: he saw something feasting in those moments when a man’s head is on fire, everything flashes and gets in the way in his eyes, heads fly, horses fall to the ground with thunder, and he rushes like a drunken man the whistle of bullets, in the gleam of sabers, and strikes everyone, and does not hear the ones inflicted. More than once, Andriy’s father was also amazed, seeing how, driven only by passionate passion, he rushed to do things that a cool-headed and reasonable person would never have dared to do, and with one frantic onslaught produced such miracles that the old ones in battle could not help but be amazed. ..

(N. Gogol)

Exercise 5. Write the text from dictation and compare what you write with what is printed.

In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses, the population of which would increase by a whole county town, lay in bed in the morning, in his apartment, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

He was a man about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, any concentration in the facial features. The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glowed throughout the face. From the face, carelessness passed into the poses of the whole body, even into the folds of the dressing gown.

Sometimes his gaze darkened with an expression as if of fatigue or boredom; but neither fatigue nor boredom could for a moment drive away the softness from the face, which was the dominant and fundamental expression not only of the face, but of the whole soul; and the soul shone so openly and clearly in the eyes, in the smile, in every movement of the head and hand. And superficially observant, cold-tempered man, glancing in passing at Oblomov, he would say: “He must be a good man, simplicity!” A deeper and prettier man, having peered into his face for a long time, would have walked away in pleasant thought, with a smile.

Ilya Ilyich’s complexion was neither ruddy, nor dark, nor positively pale, but indifferent or seemed so, perhaps because Oblomov was somehow flabby beyond his years: perhaps from lack of exercise or air, or maybe that and another. In general, his body, judging by its matte finish, is too white color neck, small plump arms, soft shoulders, it seemed too pampered for a man.

(I. Goncharov)

Exercise 6. Write the text from dictation and compare what you write with what is printed.

Together with all Muscovites, I rejoice when I see the architectural values ​​of the capital being restored before our eyes. I am annoyed about the mistakes made in the past and, unfortunately, already irreparable, reluctantly trying to come to terms with the inevitable losses. Old Muscovites really regret the greenery that once decorated Garden Ring road. This grace that surrounded big center I didn’t have time to see the city, but how beautiful these gardens must have been in bloom and in the fall, how beautiful they always were!

And old Muscovites, including the most convinced atheists, will certainly, during a conversation close to ours, remember with pain the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, demolished without any particular reason in the thirties. Of course, the Palace of Soviets then being designed could have been built in another place, even best place, and the grandiose structure in memory of the victory over Napoleon, erected with funds collected from the people by subscription, would still have to be preserved for posterity, adapting it, for that matter, as a planetarium, atheistic or historical Museum or simply leave it as an architectural and cultural monument, which was done with the Leningrad St. Isaac's Cathedral.

For the sake of truth, it should be added that contemporaries were by no means delighted with the architecture of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Nicholas I, as you know, did not have any special artistic taste and approved the project of Academician A.K. Ton, who lacked the talent to fulfill the main condition - to embody in this building the ancient Russian architectural style. The pre-revolutionary guide to Moscow wrote: “Coldness blows from the high, deliberately smooth walls. The poverty of the plan is not brightened up by the bas-reliefs surrounding the building...”

Still, it’s a pity for this monument! It had beautiful malachite colonnades, magnificent iconostases, and giant bas-reliefs of Italian marble decorated the wall niches. It's a pity, whatever you say!

(V. Chivilikhin)

Exercise 7. Write the text from dictation and compare what you write with what is printed.

The next day she began to carry out her plan. Lisa tried on the new look and admitted in front of the mirror that she had never seemed so cute to herself. She repeated her role, bowed low as she walked and then shook her head several times, like clay cats, spoke in a peasant dialect, laughed, covering herself with her sleeve, and earned Nastya’s approval. One thing made it difficult for her: she tried to walk across the yard barefoot, but the turf pricked her feet, and the sand and pebbles seemed unbearable to her. Nastya helped her here too: she took the measurement of Liza’s leg, ran to the field to see Trofim the shepherd and ordered him a pair of bast shoes according to that measurement. The next day, before dawn, Lisa had already woken up. The whole house was still asleep. Nastya was waiting for the shepherd outside the gate. The horn began to play, and the village herd pulled past the manor's yard. Trofim, passing in front of Nastya, gave her small colorful bast shoes and received half a ruble from her as a reward. Liza quietly dressed up as a peasant woman, gave Nastya her instructions in a whisper regarding Miss Jackson, went out onto the back porch and ran through the garden into the field.

The dawn shone in the east, and the golden rows of clouds seemed to be waiting for the sun, like courtiers waiting for a sovereign; clear sky, the morning freshness, dew, breeze and birdsong filled Lisa’s heart with infantile gaiety; afraid of some familiar meeting, she seemed not to walk, but to fly. Approaching the grove standing on the border of her father's property, Lisa walked more quietly. Here she was supposed to wait for Alexei. Her heart beat faster, without knowing why; but the fear that accompanies our young pranks is also their main charm. Lisa entered the darkness of the grove. A dull, rolling noise greeted the girl. Her gaiety died down. Little by little she indulged in sweet reverie.

(A. Pushkin)

Exercise 8. Write the text from dictation and compare what you write with what is printed.

The darkness that came from Mediterranean Sea, covered the city hated by the procurator. The hanging bridges connecting the temple with the terrible Anthony Tower disappeared, an abyss descended from the sky and flooded the winged gods over the hippodrome, the Hasmonean palace with loopholes, bazaars, caravanserais, alleys, ponds... Yershalaim disappeared - great city as if he did not exist in the world. Everything was devoured by darkness, frightening every living thing in Yershalaim and its environs. A strange cloud arrived from the sea towards the end of the day, the fourteenth day of the spring month of Nisan.

She had already leaned with her belly on the Bald Skull, where the executioners hastily stabbed the executed, she fell on the temple in Yershalaim, slid down the hill in smoky streams and flooded Lower City. It poured into the windows and drove people from the crooked streets into their houses. She was in no hurry to give up her moisture and gave only light. As soon as the smoky black brew was ripped open by the fire, a great block of the temple with a sparkling scaly cover flew up from the pitch darkness. But it faded away in an instant, and the temple plunged into a dark abyss. Several times he jumped out of it and fell through again, and each time this failure was accompanied by the roar of a catastrophe.

Other trembling flickers called forth from the abyss the palace of Herod the Great, opposite the temple on the western hill, and terrible headless golden statues flew up to the black sky, stretching out their arms to it. But again the heavenly fire hid, and heavy thunderclaps drove the golden idols into darkness.

The rain poured unexpectedly, and then the thunderstorm turned into a hurricane. In the very place where, around noon, near a marble bench in the garden, the procurator and the high priest were talking, a cypress tree was broken with a blow similar to a cannon, like a cane. Along with water dust and hail, plucked roses, magnolia leaves, small branches and sand were carried onto the balcony under the columns. A hurricane tormented the garden.

(M. Bulgakov)

Conditional abbreviations

Abr. - F. Abramov

Av.- L. Avilova

Aitm. - Ch. Aitmatov

Ax. - S. Aksakov

A.K.T. - A.K. Tolstoy

Alex. - A. Aleksin

Alig. - M. Aliger

Am. - N. Amosov

Ard. - V. Ardamatsky

Ars. - V. Arsenyev

Ast. - V. Astafiev

A.T. - A.N. Tolstoy

Ahmm. - A. Akhmatova

Bagr. - E. Bagritsky

Bar. - B. Baratshsky

Bian. - V. Bianchi

Bel. - V. Belov

Bl. - A. Blok

Bean. - P. Boborykin

Bond. - Yu. Bondarev

B.P. - B. Polevoy

Bruce. - V. Bryusov

Bulg. - M. Bulgakov

Boone. - I. Bunin

You. - B. Vasiliev

V. Bock. - V. Bokarev

Veres. - V. Veresaev

Water - M. Vodopyaninov

Vol. - M. Voloshin

Wolf. - A. Volkov

Thief. - S. Voronin

V. Sh. - V. Shukshin

V. Bel. - V. Belinsky

Vozn. - A. Voznesensky

G. - N. Gogol

gas. - newspaper

Guide. - A. Gaidar

Garsh. - V. Garshin

Geich. - S. Geichenko

Gil. - V. Gilyarovsky

Gonch. - I. Goncharov

Hump. - B. Gorbatov

Gr. - A. Griboyedov

Green - A. Green

Grosh. - E. Grosheva

D. G. - D. Granin

Dm. - Yu. Dmitriev

Dolm. - E. Dolmatovsky

Good - N. Dobrolyubov

House. - A. Domashnev

Ven. - F. Dostoevsky

Evd. - V. Evdokimov

Evt. - E. Yevtushenko

E. P. - E. Popov

EU. - S. Yesenin

magazine - magazine

Sick - N. Zabolotsky

Hall. - S. Zalygin

Closed - V. Zakrutkin

Zl. - A. Zlobin

Iv. - A. Ivanov

Ign. - A. Ignatov

Inb. - V. Inber

I. P. - I. Pavlov

Is. - M. Isakovsky

Isb. - A. Isbach

Kav. - V. Kaverin

Kaz. - E. Kazakevich

Cat. - V. Kataev

Kettle. - V. Ketlinskaya

Kiss. - E. Kiseleva

Key. - V. Klyuchevsky

Ring - M. Koltsov

Copt. - A. Koptyaeva

Cor. - V. Korolenko

Kr. - L. Krutikova

Cool. - S. Krutilin

Wing. - I. Krylov

Kostylev - V. Kostylev

Kulyab. - V. Kulibanov

Kupr.- A. Kuprin

L. - M. Lermontov

Lansch. - A. Lanshchikov

Leon. - L. Leonov

Lesk. - N. Leskov

Lip. - V. Lipatov

Los. - O. Losoto

L. T. - L. Tolstoy

M. - V. Mayakovsky

Poppy. - A. Makarenko

Map. - E. Marinichev

Mark. - G. Markov

March. - L. Martynov

March. - S. Marshak

Matus. - M. Matusovsky

M. G. - M. Gorky

Mich. - N. Mikhailov

M.-S. - D. Mamin-Sibiryak

M.U. - M. Urnov

N. - N. Nekrasov

Embankment - V. Nabokov

Nag. - Yu. Nagibin

Nad.- N. Nadezhdina

Nar. - S. Narovchatov

Nedog. - A. Nedogonov

Nick. - G. Nikolaeva

N.-Prib. - A. Novikov-Priboy

N. Ostr. - N. Ostrovsky

Nose. - N. Nosov

O. B. - O. Berggolts

Arr. - S. Obraztsov

Oz. - L. Ozerov

OK. - B. Okudzhava

Eagle - V. Orlov

P. - A. Pushkin

Pan. - V. Panova

Paste. - B. Pasternak

Paust. - K. Paustovsky

P. Germ. - P. Herman

Peak. - V. Pikul

Pis. - A. Pisemsky

Pl. - A. Platonov

linear - proverb

last - proverb

Priest. - A. Pristavkin

Prishv. - M. Prishvin

Disp. - V. Rasputin

Pep. - H. Roerich

Manual - B. Ruchiev

Pisces. - A. Rybakov

S.Alex. - S. Alekseev

Sayan. - V. Sayanov

Sem. - G. Semenikhin

Ser. - A. Serafimovich

Sim. - K. Simonov

Sweet - N. Sweet

Slutsk - B. Slutsky

S.-Mick. - I. Sokolov-Mikitov

Dare. - Ya. Smelyakov

Sn. - I. Snegova

Snow. - Yu.Snegirev

Sob. - L. Sobolev

Sol. - V. Soloukhin

Solog. - F. Sologub

Art. - K. Stanyukovich

S.-C. - S. Sergeev-Tsensky

S.-Sch. - M. Saltykov-Shchedrin

T. - I. Turgenev

TV - A. Tvardovsky

Tend. - V. Tendryakov

Quiet. - N. Tikhonov

Trif. - Yu. Trifonov

F. - A. Fadeev

Fed. - K. Fedin

Furm. - D. Furmanov

Color - M. Tsvetaeva

Ch. - A. Chekhov

Chuck. - A. Chakovsky

Cherk. - N. Cherkasov

Chiv. - V. Chivilikhin

Chuk. - K. Chukovsky

Sh. - M. Sholokhov

Chefn. - V. Shefner

Tweezer. - S. Shchipachev

Eid. - N. Eidelman

Er. - I. Ehrenburg

Blinov G.I. Methodology for studying punctuation rules. M. 1972.

Blinov G.I. On assessing punctuation literacy // Rus. language At school. 1973. No. 6.

Bylinsky K.I., Nikolsky N.N. Handbook of spelling and punctuation for print workers. M., 1970.

Valgina N.S. Russian punctuation: principles and purpose. M., 1979.

Valgina N.S. Difficult punctuation issues. M., 1983.

Valgina N.S., Svetlysheva V.N. Spelling and punctuation: Directory. M., 1996.

Gosteeva S.A. On the relationship between intonation and punctuation // Rus. language At school. 1974. No. 4.

Gosteeva S.A. Modern Russian punctuation: A manual for practical classes. Voronezh, 1995.

Ivanova V.F. History and principles of Russian punctuation. L., 1962.

Ivanova V.F. Modern Russian spelling. M., 1991.

Lomizov A.F. Difficult questions of punctuation techniques. M., 1975.

Naumovich A.N. Modern Russian punctuation: Workshop. Minsk, 1988.

Peshkovsky A.M. Role expressive reading in teaching punctuation marks. M., 1959.

Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation. M., 1956.

A manual on the Russian language for applicants to universities: Spelling and punctuation / Ed. V.N. Svetlysheva. M., 1997.

Exercise 1. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

Levinson sighed and straightened up, and something rang painfully and sweetly within him. Suddenly he pulled out a saber and also leaned forward with shining eyes; “For a breakthrough, huh?” - he asked Baklanov hoarsely, suddenly raising his saber above his head so that it all shone in the sun.

And every partisan, seeing her, also shuddered and stretched out in his stirrups.

Baklanov, casting a fierce sidelong glance at the saber, turned sharply to the squad and shouted something shrill and sharp, which Levinson could no longer hear, because at that moment, picked up by that inner strength, that controlled Baklanov and that forced him to raise his saber, he rushed along the road, feeling that the entire detachment should now rush after him...

When he looked back a few minutes later, the people were really rushing after him, bending over their saddles, sticking out their swift chins, and in their eyes there was that intense and passionate expression that he had seen in Baklanov.

This was the last coherent impression that Levinson retained, because at that very second something dazzlingly rumbling fell on him, hit him, spun him, crushed him - and he, no longer conscious of himself, but feeling that he was still alive, flew over some kind of orange, boiling abyss.

(A Fadeev)

Exercise 2. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

How sad is the evening earth! How mysterious are the fogs over the swamps! Those who wandered in these mists, those who suffered a lot before death, those who flew over this earth, carrying an unbearable load, know this. The tired one knows this. And without regret he leaves the mists of the earth, its swamps and rivers, he surrenders with a light heart into the hands of death, knowing that only she will calm him down.

The magical black horses were tired and carried their riders slowly, and the inevitable night began to catch up with them. Sensing her behind him, even the restless Hippopotamus became quiet and, clutching the saddle with his claws, flew silent and serious, his tail fluffed. The night began to cover the forests and meadows with a black scarf, the night lit sad little lights somewhere far below, now uninteresting and unnecessary to either Margarita or the master, alien lights. Night overtook the cavalcade, fell on top of it and threw out white specks of stars here and there in the sad sky.

The night thickened, flew nearby, grabbed those jumping by the cloaks and, tearing them off their shoulders, exposed the deceptions. And when Margarita, blown by the cool wind, opened her eyes, she saw how the appearance of everyone flying towards their goal was changing. When the crimson and full moon began to emerge from the edge of the forest to meet them, all the deceptions disappeared, fell into the swamp, and the unstable witchcraft clothes drowned in the mists.

(M. Bulgakov)

Exercise 3. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

Winter is over. At the beginning of April there were warm days and frosty nights, winter was not giving way, but one warm day finally overpowered it, and the streams flowed and the birds began to sing. The entire meadow and bushes near the river drowned in the spring waters, and between Zhukov and the other side the entire space was completely occupied by a huge bay, on which flocks of wild ducks fluttered here and there. The spring sunset, fiery, with lush clouds, every evening gave something extraordinary, new, incredible, exactly the same thing that you don’t believe later when you see the same colors and the same clouds in the picture.

The cranes flew quickly and quickly and screamed sadly, as if they were calling them to come with them. Standing on the edge of the cliff, Olga looked for a long time at the flood, at the sun, at the bright, as if rejuvenated church, and tears flowed from her, and her breath was taken away because she passionately wanted to go somewhere where her eyes were looking, even to the ends of the world. And it was already decided that she would go back to Moscow, to become a maid, and Kiryak would go with her to work as a janitor or something. Oh, I wish I could leave soon!

When it dried out and became warm, we got ready to set off. Olga and Sasha, with knapsacks on their backs, both in bast shoes, came out at dawn: Marya also came out to see them off. Kiryak was unwell and stayed at home for another week.

(A. Chekhov)

Exercise 4. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

And old Taras loved to see how both of his sons were among the first. Ostap, it seemed, was destined for the path of battle and the difficult knowledge of carrying out military affairs. Never at a loss or embarrassed by any incident, with a composure almost unnatural for a twenty-two-year-old, in an instant he could measure all the danger and the entire state of affairs, and could immediately find ways to evade it, but evade it in order to then it’s better to overcome it. The already experienced confidence now began to signify movements, and the inclinations of the future leader could not help but be noticeable in them. His body breathed with strength, and knightly qualities had already acquired the broad strength of a lion...

Andriy was completely immersed in the charming music of bullets and swords. He did not know what it meant to think about, or calculate, or measure in advance his own and others’ strengths. He saw frantic bliss and rapture in battle: he saw something feasting in those moments when a man’s head is on fire, everything flashes and gets in the way in his eyes, heads fly, horses fall to the ground with thunder, and he rushes like a drunken man the whistle of bullets, in the gleam of sabers, and strikes everyone, and does not hear the ones inflicted. More than once, Andriy’s father was also amazed, seeing how, driven only by passionate passion, he rushed to do things that a cool-headed and reasonable person would never have dared to do, and with one frantic onslaught produced such miracles that the old ones in battle could not help but be amazed. ..

(N. Gogol)

Exercise 5. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

In Gorokhovaya Street, in one of the large houses, the population of which would be equal to the entire county town, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was lying in bed in his apartment in the morning.

He was a man of about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, any concentration in his facial features. The thought walked like a free bird across the face, fluttered in the eyes, sat on half-open lips, hid in the folds of the forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glowed throughout the face. From the face, carelessness passed into the poses of the whole body, even into the folds of the dressing gown.

Sometimes his gaze darkened with an expression as if of fatigue or boredom; but neither fatigue nor boredom could for a moment drive away the softness from the face, which was the dominant and fundamental expression not only of the face, but of the whole soul; and the soul shone so openly and clearly in the eyes, in the smile, in every movement of the head and hand.

And a superficially observant, cold person, glancing in passing at Oblomov, would say: “He must be a good man, simplicity!” A deeper and prettier man, having peered into his face for a long time, would have walked away in pleasant thought, with a smile.

Ilya Ilyich’s complexion was neither ruddy, nor dark, nor positively pale, but indifferent or seemed so, perhaps because Oblomov was somehow flabby beyond his years: perhaps from lack of exercise or air, or maybe that and another. In general, his body, judging by the matte, too white color of his neck, small plump arms, soft shoulders, seemed too pampered for a man.

(I. Goncharov)

Exercise 6. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

Together with all Muscovites, I rejoice when I see the architectural values ​​of the capital being restored before our eyes. I am annoyed about the mistakes made in the past and, unfortunately, already irreparable, reluctantly trying to come to terms with the inevitable losses. Old Muscovites really regret the greenery that once adorned the Garden Ring. I did not have time to see this grace surrounding the large center of the city, but how beautiful these gardens must have been in bloom and in the fall, how beautiful they always were!

And old Muscovites, including the most convinced atheists, will certainly, during a conversation close to ours, remember with pain the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, demolished without any particular reason in the thirties. Of course, the Palace of Soviets that was being designed at that time could have been founded in another, even better place, and the grandiose structure in memory of the victory over Napoleon, erected with funds raised by the people by subscription, would still have to be preserved for posterity, adapting it, if then it went, for a planetarium, an atheistic or historical museum, or simply left as a monument of architecture and culture, which was done with the Leningrad St. Isaac's Cathedral.

For the sake of truth, it should be added that contemporaries were by no means delighted with the architecture of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Nicholas I, as you know, was not particularly distinguished artistic taste and approved the project of Academician A.K. Ton, who lacked the talent to fulfill the main condition - to embody the ancient Russian architectural style in this building. The pre-revolutionary guide to Moscow wrote: “Coldness blows from the high, deliberately smooth walls. The poverty of the plan is not brightened up by the bas-reliefs surrounding the building...”

Still, it’s a pity for this monument! It had beautiful malachite colonnades, magnificent iconostases, and giant bas-reliefs of Italian marble decorated the wall niches. It's a pity, whatever you say!

(V. Chivilikhin)

Exercise 7. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

The next day she began to carry out her plan. Lisa tried on the new look and admitted in front of the mirror that she had never seemed so cute to herself. She repeated her role, bowed low as she walked and then shook her head several times, like clay cats, spoke in a peasant dialect, laughed, covering herself with her sleeve, and earned Nastya’s approval. One thing made it difficult for her: she tried to walk across the yard barefoot, but the turf pricked her feet, and the sand and pebbles seemed unbearable to her. Nastya helped her here too: she took the measurement of Liza’s leg, ran to the field to see Trofim the shepherd and ordered him a pair of bast shoes according to that measurement. The next day, before dawn, Lisa had already woken up. The whole house was still asleep. Nastya was waiting for the shepherd outside the gate. The horn began to play, and the village herd pulled past the manor's yard. Trofim, passing in front of Nastya, gave her small colorful bast shoes and received half a ruble from her as a reward. Liza quietly dressed up as a peasant woman, gave Nastya her instructions in a whisper regarding Miss Jackson, went out onto the back porch and ran through the garden into the field.

The dawn shone in the east, and the golden rows of clouds seemed to be waiting for the sun, like courtiers waiting for a sovereign; the clear sky, morning freshness, dew, breeze and birdsong filled Lisa's heart with infantile gaiety; afraid of some familiar meeting, she seemed not to walk, but to fly. Approaching the grove standing on the border of her father's property, Lisa walked more quietly. Here she was supposed to wait for Alexei. Her heart beat faster, without knowing why; but the fear that accompanies our young pranks is also their main charm. Lisa entered the darkness of the grove. A dull, rolling noise greeted the girl. Her gaiety died down. Little by little she indulged in sweet reverie.

(A. Pushkin)

Exercise 8. Write the text from dictation and check what you write with what is printed.

The darkness that came from the Mediterranean Sea covered the city hated by the procurator. The hanging bridges connecting the temple with the terrible Antony Tower disappeared, an abyss fell from the sky and flooded the winged gods over the hippodrome, the Hasmonean palace with loopholes, bazaars, caravanserais, alleys, ponds... Yershalaim disappeared - the great city, as if it did not exist on light. Everything was devoured by darkness, frightening every living thing in Yershalaim and its environs. A strange cloud came from the sea towards the end of the day, the fourteenth day spring month Nissan

She had already fallen with her belly on the Bald Skull, where the executioners hastily stabbed those being executed, she fell on the temple in Yershalaim, slid down its hill in smoky streams and flooded the Lower City. It poured into the windows and drove people from the crooked streets into their houses. She was in no hurry to give up her moisture and gave only light. As soon as the smoky black brew was ripped open by the fire, a great block of the temple with a sparkling scaly cover flew up from the pitch darkness. But it faded away in an instant, and the temple plunged into a dark abyss. Several times he jumped out of it and fell through again, and each time this failure was accompanied by the roar of a catastrophe.

Other trembling flickers called forth from the abyss the palace of Herod the Great, opposite the temple on the western hill, and terrible headless golden statues flew up to the black sky, stretching out their arms to it. But again the heavenly fire hid, and heavy thunderclaps drove the golden idols into darkness.

The rain poured unexpectedly, and then the thunderstorm turned into a hurricane. In the very place where, around noon, near a marble bench in the garden, the procurator and the high priest were talking, a cypress tree was broken with a blow similar to a cannon, like a cane. Along with water dust and hail, plucked roses, magnolia leaves, small branches and sand were carried onto the balcony under the columns. A hurricane tormented the garden.

“Oh, what a harsh, what a long winter!...But, be that as it may, the winter is over. At the beginning of April there were warm days and frosty nights, winter did not give way, but one warm day finally overcame it - and the streams flowed, the birds began to sing... The spring sunset gave, fiery, with lush clouds, gave something extraordinary, new, incredible... The cranes flew quickly and quickly and screamed sadly, as if they were calling with them... it took my breath away because I passionately wanted to go somewhere where my eyes were looking, even to the ends of the earth."

“When I woke up today, got up, washed my face, it suddenly began to seem to me that everything in this world had become clear to me, and I know how to live... A person must work, work by the sweat of his brow, no matter who he is, and in this alone lies the meaning and purpose of his life.”

“A man is skipping along the street of the capital. His movements are cheerful and lively; his eyes are shining, his lips are grinning, his tender face is pleasantly red... He is all contentment and joy. What happened to him? Did he get an inheritance? Has he been promoted? Is he in a hurry for a love date? Or did he just have a good breakfast?...No. He..." "...a worker who dumped the last cart of manure..., steamy, pleasantly smelling manure from the barnyard."

« Laborer. Why are you bothering us? What do you want? You are not ours...Go away!

Beloruchka. I am yours, brothers!

Laborer. No matter how it is! Our! What did you make up? Look at my hands. Do you see how dirty they are? And they smell like manure and tar - and your hands over there are white. And what do they smell like?” [ 5 ]

The village suffering is in full swing...

Share you! - Russian female share!

It couldn't be more difficult to find...

The heat is unbearable: the plain is treeless,

Fields, mowing and the expanse of heaven -

The sun is beating down mercilessly.

The poor woman is exhausted,

A column of insects sways above her,

It stings, tickles, buzzes![ 6 ]

“Of course, a random passer-by, looking at my rose, will say that it is exactly the same as you. But she alone is dearer to me than all of you. After all, it was her, not you, that I watered every day. He covered her, not you, with a glass cover. He blocked it with a screen, protecting it from the wind. I killed caterpillars for her.”[ 7 ]

“When I work for a long time, tirelessly, then my thoughts are lighter, and it seems as if I also know why I exist. And how many people, brother, are there in Russia who exist for no one knows why.”

“In the evening, when we were drinking tea, the cook brought a full plate of gooseberries to the table. These were not purchased, but my own gooseberries, collected for the first time since the bushes were planted. Nikolai Ivanovich laughed and looked at the gooseberries for a minute, silently, with tears - he could not speak from excitement - then he put one berry in his mouth... and said: “How delicious!”[ 9 ]

Autumn. Our whole poor garden is crumbling,
Yellowed leaves are flying in the wind;
They only show off in the distance, there at the bottom of the valleys,
Brushes of bright red withering rowan trees.

“Not a star in the sky, not a light on the earth... But suddenly somewhere in the distance a plaintive sound arose and, gradually intensifying and approaching, rang with a human voice and, lowering and dying, rushed past. "Goodbye! Goodbye! Goodbye!" – it seemed to me in his freezing. Oh! This is all my past, all my happiness, everything, everything, everything that I cherished and loved was forever and irrevocably said goodbye to me!” " Lopakhin. Until spring."

Ultimately, Chekhov had to remove one chapter, in which there was a conversation between men about religion and power, he wrote about this in 1900 to the critic Fyodor Batyushkov. This chapter was no longer included in the journal or in the subsequent collected works, and has never been found.

Anton Chekhov. Guys
(Excerpt)

...Since Christmas we didn’t have our own bread and bought flour. Kiryak, who now lived at home, made noise in the evenings, terrifying everyone, and in the mornings he suffered from headaches and shame, and it was a pity to look at him. In the barn, day and night, the mooing of a hungry cow could be heard, tearing the souls of the grandmother and Marya. And, as luck would have it, the frosts were bitter all the time, high snowdrifts piled up; and the winter dragged on: a real winter blizzard blew in on Annunciation, and snow fell on Holy Day.

But, be that as it may, winter is over. At the beginning of April there were warm days and frosty nights, winter was not giving way, but one warm day finally overcame it - and the streams flowed and the birds began to sing. The entire meadow and bushes near the river drowned in the spring waters, and between Zhukov and the other side the entire space was already completely occupied by a huge bay, on which wild ducks fluttered here and there in flocks. The spring sunset, fiery, with lush clouds, every evening gave something extraordinary, new, incredible, exactly the same thing that you don’t believe later when you see the same colors and the same clouds in the picture.

The cranes flew quickly and quickly and screamed sadly, as if they were calling them to come with them. Standing on the edge of the cliff, Olga looked for a long time at the flood, at the sun, at the bright, as if rejuvenated church, and tears flowed from her and her breath was taken away because she passionately wanted to go somewhere where her eyes were looking, even to the ends of the world. And it was already decided that she would go back to Moscow, to become a maid, and Kiryak would go with her to work as a janitor or something. Oh, I wish I could leave soon!

When it dried out and became warm, we got ready to set off. Olga and Sasha, with knapsacks on their backs, both in bast shoes, came out at first light; Marya also came out to see them off. Kiryak was unwell and stayed at home for another week. Olga prayed for the last time in church, thinking about her husband, and did not cry, only her face wrinkled and became ugly, like an old woman’s. Over the winter she lost weight, became dull, turned a little grey, and instead of her former prettiness and pleasant smile, she had on her face a submissive, sad expression of the grief she had experienced, and there was already something dull and motionless in her gaze, as if she had not heard. She was sorry to leave the village and the men. She recalled how they carried Nicholas and ordered a memorial service near each hut and how everyone cried, sympathizing with her grief. During the summer and winter there were hours and days when it seemed that these people lived worse than cattle, it was scary to live with them; they are rude, dishonest, dirty, drunk, do not live in harmony, constantly quarrel because they do not respect, fear and suspect each other. Who runs the tavern and gets people drunk? Man. Who wastes and drinks away worldly, school, and church money? Man. Who stole from a neighbor, set it on fire, and falsely testified in court for a bottle of vodka? Who is the first to speak out against the peasants in zemstvo and other meetings? Man. Yes, it was scary to live with them, but still they are people, they suffer and cry like people, and there is nothing in their lives that cannot be justified. Hard work, from which the whole body hurts at night, cruel winters, meager harvests, cramped conditions, but there is no help and nowhere to wait for it. Those who are richer and stronger than them cannot help, since they themselves are rude, dishonest, drunk and they themselves scold just as disgustingly; the smallest official or clerk treats the peasants like tramps, and even says “you” to elders and church elders and thinks that he has the right to do so. And can there be any help or a good example from selfish, greedy, depraved, lazy people who come to the village only to insult, rob, and scare? Olga remembered what a pitiful, humiliated look the old people had when in the winter they took Kiryak to punish him with rods... And now she felt sorry for all these people, it hurt, and while she walked, she kept looking back at the huts...