The main characters of the story are signal garshin. Lesson summary “analytical reading of a story in

In the story “The Signal” (1887) no love story, but the noted motive manifests itself even more sharply in it. The heroes of the story do not paint pictures, do not discuss philosophical problems and cannot determine the fate of humanity. They are small people who live by small interests: a patch of cabbage, a salary, oppression from their superiors - their interests do not go further. But in their conversations about these subjects, Semyon and Vasily pose the same question as Gelfreich, who created his painting about Ilya Muromets.
In his youth, Semyon was at war, served as an orderly and could not perform any remarkable feats that could determine the outcome of the battle due to his position. But for Garshin, Semyon is a man of great soul, and his feat lies in the fact that he did not become embittered towards life and people, although he had every reason for this.
True, passivity and fatalism are clearly noticeable in his attitude to life. These are the traits that irritate his interlocutor Vasily. “It’s not talent-fate,” Vasily objects to Semyon, “that is eating away at you and me forever, but people. There is no beast in the world more predatory and meaner than a man" Vasily’s position is that of a person who does not want to submit to fate and therefore enters into a struggle with people and circumstances. But for Garshin, the laws of struggle have their own harsh dialectics: an embittered person who has lost faith in people, even in his just anger against the perpetrators of evil, can cause the death of innocent people. Here Semyon and Vasily change places. Semyon actively takes part in the fight against evil, saving a train with people unaware of the danger that threatens them, and Vasily recognizes his rightness and the unrighteousness of the path he has taken. But Semyon’s activity is of a special kind. It is based on self-sacrifice, and if he raises a red flag, then this flag is soaked in his own blood.
For Garshin, morality has always been simple, but the question of why this simple morality cannot be realized in people’s lives was endlessly complex. In each of his stories, Garshin posed with painful acuteness the question of truth and untruth, about the various manifestations and forms of modern evil, and therefore his small stories were filled with large and deep content.
Gleb Uspensky rightly wrote: “...in his small stories and fairy tales, sometimes several pages long, the entire content of our life, under the conditions in which both Garshin and all his readers had to live, was positively exhausted.
When I say “the entire content of our life,” I am not using some pompous and thoughtless phrase here, no, precisely everything that our life gave the most important to his mind and heart (ours does not mean only Russian, but the life of people of our time in general), everything down to the last detail was experienced, felt by him with the most burning feeling, and that is why it could only be expressed in two, and even such small, books.” The same idea was expressed by another contemporary of Garshin, P.F. Yakubovich.
Both a revolutionary poet and greatest prose writer- the essayist-sociologist essentially recognized a fact that was unusual both for the literature of the 80s and for previous Russian literature. Short stories reflected the main content of the era.
Later, thanks to Korolenko, Chekhov, Bunin, this idea will no longer be perceived as a paradox. Garshin managed to open up new possibilities for the small genre. He combined the strict objectivity of the narrative with lyrical emotion and a clearly formulated author's point of view.

Ivanov Semyon Ivanovich - main character story "Signal" by Garshin. He is a former soldier, orderly. Semyon Ivanovich becomes a “watchman on railway" He lives, “a sick and broken man,” together with his wife Arina, in a booth that has “about half a tenth of arable land.” Semyon’s worldview combines the eternal peasant attraction to the land with an awareness of the responsibility of his new “iron” position. His philosophy: “to whomever the Lord gives what talent-destiny, so it is.”

Another of his distance neighbors is “a young man,” “thin and wiry,” Vasily Stepanovich Spiridov. He is convinced: “It’s not talent-fate that is boring you and me forever, but people.<...>If you blame all bad things on God, but sit and endure it yourself, then, brother, that’s not being a man, but being a beast.”

Having quarreled with his superiors, Vasily leaves the service and goes to Moscow to seek “control for himself.” Apparently to no avail: a few days later he returns and unscrews the rail just before the arrival of a passenger train. Semyon notices this and tries to prevent the crash: he wets a handkerchief with his own blood and with such a red flag goes out to meet the train. He loses consciousness from severe bleeding, and then the flag is picked up by Vasily, who was watching what was happening from afar. The train has stopped. The last phrase of the story is the words of Vasily: “Tie me up, I turned away the rail.”

Garshin’s story “The Signal” became a textbook reading for teenagers, but its interpretation by Soviet literary scholars was rather simplified. To the routine and meaningless phrase that in “Signal” Garshin calls for “heroism, for self-sacrifice for the good of the people,” was added the consideration that “Semyon is shown as a supporter of meek humility and is opposed to a person who passionately hates his masters modern life. At the same time, the supporter of struggle comes to crime, and the preacher of humility - to the feat of self-sacrifice.” Garshin is accused of following the “reactionary Tolstoy “theory” of “non-resistance to evil through violence.”

However, the content of the story indicates slightly different goals of the author: Vasily’s conflicts with his superiors are often caused by his character, his rather free attitude towards his own responsibilities. And his crime is not commensurate with the insult inflicted on him. It seems that here Garshin follows not so much the “Tolstoyism” not loved by the ideologists of Bolshevism and their associates, but expresses a conviction generally characteristic of Russian writers of the 2nd half of the 19th century c: any radicalism is destructive, it brings only evil and has no moral justification.

It is for the sake of affirming this idea that Garshin gives such a symbolic, largely literary ending in “Signal” (was it really necessary for Semyon to wet the handkerchief with blood?! Is it really that a person on the rails, waving any object, is not an alarm signal for the driver?!) . Where there is radicalism, there are crimes, there is the blood of innocent victims, says the writer. Decades later, the flag, red with Semyon’s blood, in Vasily’s hand fatally began to express the meaning of the bloody radicalism of the 20th century. - Bolshevism, and Semyon’s feat itself revealed its heavy similarity with the usual “feat” Soviet era: as a rule, this is the self-sacrifice of some because of the criminality of others (and not opposition to the elements, etc.).

The railway watchman Semyon saw the rails damaged by his envious neighbor Vasily, and an approaching train in the distance. Semyon decided to warn the driver. Self-inflicted deep wound, moistened a rag with blood and raised the flag. However, from loss of blood, Semyon fell and lost consciousness. The train driver, seeing a red signal ahead, stopped the train. The people who got off the train were amazed: a bloody Semyon was lying on the rails, and Vasily was holding a red rag next to him and repeating his confession of guilt.

Detailed retelling

Ivanov Semyon worked as a security guard on the railway. After returning from the war against the Turks, Semyon could not find work for a long time. The only son died. He and his wife had to move to new lands and look for a good life. During his wanderings, Semyon met an officer with whom he served together. The officer was in charge of the railway station, and he assigned Semyon to his job as a watchman. They allocated Ivanov a trailer, and he and his wife began to settle in. They planted a vegetable garden and organized the farm. Semyon liked this work; his section of the route was always in perfect order.

Ivanov became friends with his neighbor, his name was Vasily. He constantly blamed all his bosses for his misfortunes and believed that they were profiting from his labors. Vasily was overwhelmed with feelings of hatred towards people. Semyon endured all the hardships steadfastly and courageously, believing that everything was God’s will. Semyon was the complete opposite of his neighbor.

Vasily had disagreements with the local road foreman. Vasily planted a vegetable garden on his property without permission or relevant documents. The master did not like this, he ordered the garden to be destroyed. The men got into a fight. Vasily complained to the chief about the foreman, but he scolded the watchman and refused the complaint. An inspection arrived at the station. Semyon was fine at the station, but Vasily received a reprimand. Then Vasily decided to go to the capital, seek advice from the local leadership, from higher authorities. He returned from Moscow a few days later, having achieved nothing. Vasily became even more embittered.

One day Semyon went into the forest to trim some willow branches. He made pipes from them, and then sold them at the local market, at least some extra penny for the house. On way back he heard a metallic grinding sound at the station, the watchman thought that someone was plundering the road, coming closer, Semyon saw Vasily destroying the railway tracks with a crowbar. The neighbor moved the rail, and, noticing Semyon, disappeared into the forest.

Semyon knew that a passenger train was about to leave. I tried to return the rail to its place with my bare hands, but it didn’t work, I needed a tool. You won't have time to run far to the station, the train will derail. He shouted to his neighbor Vasily, but he didn’t come. The whistle of an approaching train sounded. Semyon was afraid there would be an accident. It would be necessary to signal the driver to brake, but there is nothing to do. Then Semyon took off his hat, took out a white handkerchief, wounded his hand with the tip of a knife, soaked the handkerchief in blood and waved at the train. The watchman asks God to help him with this. The man feels sick, he loses consciousness, but he thinks about one thing, if only the driver sees the signal. Semyon fell, and someone’s hand grabbed his handkerchief and waved it. The driver saw the signal and stopped the train. People came running, a man was lying on the tracks covered in blood, and Vasily was standing next to him with a handkerchief. Arrest me, Vasily said, it was I who caused the accident.

This is a work about great courage common man, he was not afraid to sacrifice his health, to risk his life, so that other people could live. The story teaches decency and courage.

Picture or drawing Signal

Other retellings for the reader's diary

• Summary of Chekhov The Cherry Orchard briefly and by action

  The events of the play take place in the spring of 1904. Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya with her daughter, maid and footman return to their homeland

Semyon Ivanov served as a watchman on the railway. From his booth it was twelve miles to one station, ten miles to another. A large spinning mill was opened about four versts away last year; Because of the forest, its tall chimney turned black, and closer, except for the neighboring booths, there was no housing.

Semyon Ivanov was a sick and broken man. Nine years ago he went to war: he served as an orderly for an officer and did a whole campaign with him. He was hungry, and cold, and roasted in the sun, and made marches of forty and fifty miles in heat and cold; It happened that I was under bullets, but, thank God, none of them hit me. Once the regiment stood in the first line; For a whole week there was a shootout with the Turks: our chain lay, and across the hollow there was a Turkish one, and they were shooting from morning to evening. Semyonov’s officer was also in chains; Every day three times Semyon brought him from the regimental kitchens, from the ravine, a hot samovar and lunch. He walks with a samovar through an open place, bullets whistle and click into stones; Semyon is scared, he cries, but he walks away. The gentlemen officers were very pleased with him: they always had hot tea. He returned from the hike intact, only his arms and legs began to ache. Since then he has had to experience a lot of grief. He came home - his old father had died; little son was fourth year- He also died, he had a sore throat; Semyon and his wife remained as friends. They were not successful in farming either, and it was difficult to plow the land with chubby arms and legs. They had a hard time in their village; Let's go to new places to look for happiness. Semyon and his wife visited the Line, and in Kherson, and in the Donshchina; I couldn’t find happiness anywhere. His wife became a servant, but Semyon still wanders around. He had to drive around in the car once; At one station he sees that the boss seems to be an acquaintance. Semyon looks at him, and the boss also peers into Semyon’s face. They recognized each other: he was an officer of his regiment.

-Are you Ivanov? - speaks.
“That’s right, your honor, that’s exactly what I am.”
- How did you get here?
Semyon told him: so, so, so.
-Where are you going now?
- I can’t know, your honor.
- How come, you fool, you can’t know?
“That’s right, your honor, that’s why there’s nowhere to go.” What kind of work, your honor, should you look for?

The station chief looked at him, thought and said:
- That's it, brother, stay at the station for now. You seem to be married? Where is your wife?
- That's right, your honor, married; his wife is in the city of Kursk, in the service of a merchant.
- Well, then write to your wife to go. I'll get a free ticket. Here our traffic booth will be cleared; I’ll ask the head of the course for you.
“Thank you a lot, your honor,” answered Semyon.

He remained at the station. I helped the boss in the kitchen, chopped wood, chalked the yard, chalked the platform. Two weeks later his wife arrived, and Semyon rode in a handcart to his hut. The booth is new, warm, as much wood as you want; a small vegetable garden remained from the previous caretakers, and there was about half a tenth of arable land on the sides of the canvas. Semyon was delighted; I began to think about how he would start his own farm, buy a cow, a horse.

They gave him all the necessary supplies: a green flag, a red flag, lanterns, a horn, a hammer, a key to tighten the nuts, a crowbar, a shovel, brooms, bolts, crutches; They gave us two books with rules and a train schedule. At first, Semyon did not sleep at night, repeating the entire schedule; the train will leave in another two hours, and he will go around his section, sit on a bench at the booth and keep looking and listening to see if the rails are shaking, if the train is making noise. He memorized the rules; Even though I didn’t read it well, it was wordy, but I still got it right.

It was summer; The work is not hard, there is no need to shovel snow, and there are rarely trains on that road. Semyon will walk around his mile twice a day, try to tighten some nuts here and there, straighten the gravel, look at the water pipes, and go home to set up his household. In the household, he was the only one who had a problem: whatever he decided to do, ask the road foreman about everything, and he would report to the head of the distance; By the time the request returns, time has passed. Semyon and his wife even began to feel bored.

About two months passed; Semyon began to get acquainted with the neighboring watchmen. One was an ancient old man; Everyone was going to replace him: he could barely get out of the booth. His wife did his rounds for him. The other guard, who was closer to the station, was a young man, thin and wiry. They met Semyon for the first time on the canvas, in the middle between the booths, on the round; Semyon took off his hat and bowed.
“Good day,” he says, “health, neighbor.” The neighbor looked at him from the side.
“Hello,” he says.

He turned and walked away. The women met each other afterwards. Arina Semenova greeted her neighbor; She also didn’t talk much and left. Semyon saw her once.
“What is it,” he says, “you, young lady, have a taciturn husband?” The woman was silent for a while, then said:
- What should he talk to you about? Everyone has their own...Go with God.

However, about a month passed before we met. Semyon and Vasily will meet on the canvas, sit on the edge, smoke pipes and talk about their lives. Vasily kept silent more and more, but Semyon talked about his village and the campaign.
“I have suffered a lot,” he says, “in my lifetime, but God knows how many in my lifetime.” God did not give me happiness. The Lord will give what kind of talent-destiny to whomever, that’s how it is. That's it, brother, Vasily Stepanych.

And Vasily Stepanych knocked his pipe out on the rail, stood up and said:
“It’s not talent-fate that plagues you and me forever, but people.” There is no beast in the world more predatory and evil than man. A wolf does not eat a wolf, but a man eats a man alive.
- Well, brother, the wolf eats the wolf, don’t say that.
- By the way, I had to, and I said it. Still, there is no creature more cruel. If it weren’t for human anger and greed, it would be possible to live. Everyone tries to grab you alive, bite you off, and devour you.

Semyon thought.
“I don’t know,” he says, “brother.” Maybe it is so, and if it is so, then there is a provision from God for that.
“If that’s the case,” says Vasily, “there’s no point in talking to you.” If you blame every bad thing on God, but sit and endure it yourself, then, brother, that is not to be a man, but to be a beast. Here's my story for you.

He turned and walked away without saying goodbye. Semyon also stood up.
“Neighbor,” he shouts, “why are you fighting?”

The neighbor didn’t turn around and walked away. Semyon looked at him for a long time, until at the notch at the turn Vasily was no longer visible. He returned home and said to his wife:
- Well, Arina, our neighbor is a potion, not a person. However, they did not quarrel; We met again and started talking as before, and all about the same things.
“Eh, brother, if it weren’t for people... you and I wouldn’t be sitting in these booths,” says Vasily.
- Well, in the booth... it’s okay, you can live.
- You can live, you can live... Oh, you! He lived a lot, made a little money, looked a lot, saw a little.

For a poor person, in a booth there or wherever, what a life! These flayers are eating you. They squeeze out all the juice, and when you get old, they throw it away like some kind of cake to feed the pigs. How much salary do you receive?
- Yes, not enough, Vasily Stepanovich. Twelve rubles.
- And I’m thirteen and a half. Let me ask you why? According to the rule, everyone is entitled to one thing from the board: fifteen rubles a month, heating, lighting. Who decided that you and I are twelve or thirteen and a half? Whose belly is for the lard, in whose pocket are the remaining three rubles or one and a half going? Let me ask you?.. And you say, you can live! You understand, we are not talking about one and a half or three rubles. If only all fifteen paid. I was at the station last month; the director was passing by, so I saw him. I had such an honor. He travels in a separate carriage; He walked out onto the platform, stood there, with a golden chain loosened over his stomach, his cheeks red, as if they were full... He drank our blood. Oh, if only there was strength and power!.. May I not stay here long; I'll go wherever my eyes lead me.
“Where are you going, Stepanych?” They do not seek good from good. Here you have a home, warmth, and a little land. Your wife is a worker...
- Earthlings! You should look at my little land. There is not a rod on it. I planted cabbages in the spring, and then the road foreman came. “This, he says, what is it? Why no report? Why without permission? Dig it up so it won’t even exist.” He was drunk. Another time I wouldn’t have said anything, but then it got in my head... “Three rubles fine!..”

Vasily paused, pulled the pipes and said quietly:
- A little more, I would have beaten him to death.
- Well, neighbor, you are hot, I’ll tell you.
“I’m not hot, but I speak and reflect in the truth.” Yes, he will wait for me, red face! I will complain to the head of the distance himself. Let's see!

And he definitely complained.

Once the head of the course passed by to inspect the path. Three days after that, important gentlemen from St. Petersburg were supposed to pass along the road: they were doing an inspection, so before their passage everything had to be put in order. Ballast was added, leveled, sleepers were revised, crutches were pinned, nuts were tightened, poles were tinted, and yellow sand was ordered to be added at crossings. The neighbor's watchman and her old man took her out to pick the grass. Semyon worked for a whole week; He got everything in order and repaired his caftan, cleaned it, and polished the copper plaque with a brick until it shined. Vasily also worked. The head of the course arrived on a handcar; four workers turn the handle; the gears whir; The cart rushes twenty miles an hour, only the wheels howl. He flew up to the Semyon booth; Semyon jumped up and reported like a soldier. Everything turned out to be in good order.

- How long have you been here? - asks the boss.
- From the second of May, your honor.
- OK. Thank you. Who's in issue one hundred and sixty-four?
The road foreman (who was riding with him on the handcar) replied:
— Vasily Spiridov.
- Spiridov, Spiridov... Oh, is this the same one that you noticed last year?
- He is the one, sir.
- Well, okay, let's see Vasily Spiridov. Touch it. The workers leaned on the handles; the trolley began to move. Semyon looks at her and thinks: “Well, he and his neighbor will have a game.”

About two hours later he went around. He sees someone walking along the canvas from the recess, with something white visible on his head. Semyon began to take a closer look - Vasily; there is a stick in his hand, a small bundle behind his shoulders, a scarf tied on his cheek.
- Neighbor, where are you going? - Semyon shouts. Vasily came very close: there was no face on him,
white as chalk, wild eyes; started to speak - the voice breaks off.
“To the city,” he says, “to Moscow... to the board.”
- To the board... That's it! So, are you going to complain? Come on, Vasily Stepanych, forget it...
- No, brother, I won’t forget. It's too late to forget. You see, he hit me in the face and made me bleed. As long as I’m alive, I won’t forget, I won’t leave it like that. We need to teach them, bloodsuckers...
Semyon took him by the hand:
“Leave it, Stepanych, I’m telling you right: you can’t do better.”
- What's better there! I know myself that I won’t do better; You spoke the truth about talent-fate. I won’t do anything better for myself, but you have to stand for the truth, brother.
- Tell me, where did it all start?
- Why... I looked around, got off the trolley, and looked into the booth. I already knew that I would ask strictly; everything was fixed properly. I really wanted to go, but I complained. He's screaming now. “Here,” he says, “there is a government audit, this and that, and you file complaints about the garden!” Here, he says, are the Privy Councilors, and you are meddling with the cabbage!” I couldn’t stand it, I said a word, not really, but it seemed so offensive to him. How will he give me... Our damned patience! It should be here... but I stand there as if this is how it should be. They left, I came to my senses, so I washed my face and went.
- What about the booth?
- My wife stayed. Doesn't miss; Yes, well, they are absolutely and with their dear ones!
Vasily stood up and got ready.
- Goodbye, Ivanovich. I don’t know if I’ll find control for myself.
- Are you really going to go on foot?
“I’ll ask for freight at the station: I’ll be in Moscow tomorrow.”

The neighbors said goodbye; Vasily left and was gone for a long time. His wife worked for him, did not sleep day and night; I was completely exhausted, waiting for my husband. On the third day the inspection passed: a steam locomotive, a baggage car and two first class ones, but Vasily was still missing. On the fourth day, Semyon saw his owner: her face was plump from tears, her eyes were red.
- Has your husband returned? - asks.
The woman waved her hand, said nothing and walked in her direction.
————

Semyon once learned, when he was still a boy, to make pipes from wool. It will burn out the heart of a tall stick, drill holes where necessary, make a squeak at the end and set it up so nicely that you can play anything. In his spare time he made a lot of pipes and sent them to the city market with a freight conductor he knew; They gave him two kopecks a piece there. On the third day after the inspection, he left his wife at home to meet the evening six o’clock train, and he took a knife and went into the forest to cut some sticks for himself. He reached the end of his section - at this point the path turned sharply - he went down the embankment and walked downhill through the forest. Half a mile away there was a large swamp, and near it the most excellent bushes for his pipes grew. He cut a whole bunch of sticks and went home. Walking through the forest; the sun was already low; The silence is dead, you can only hear the birds chirping and the dead wood crunching under your feet. Semyon walked a little further, soon the canvas; and it seems to him that he can still hear something: as if somewhere iron is clanking on iron.

Semyon went quickly. There were no renovations on their site at that time. “What would that mean?” - thinks. He comes out to the edge of the forest - the railway embankment rises in front of him; at the top, on the canvas, a man is squatting, doing something; Semyon began to slowly rise towards him: he thought who had come to steal the nuts. He looked and the man stood up, holding a crowbar in his hands; He pryed the rail open with a crowbar as soon as he moved it to the side. Semyon's vision grew dark; wants to shout, but cannot. He sees Vasily, runs, and he with a crowbar and a key rolls head over heels from the other side of the embankment.

- Vasily Stepanych! Dear father, my dear, come back! Give me a crowbar! Let's install the rail, no one will know. Go back, save your soul from sin.

Vasily did not turn around and went into the forest.

Semyon is standing over the open rail, dropping his sticks. The train is not a freight train, it is a passenger train. And you can’t stop him with anything: there is no flag. You can't put the rail in place; You can't beat crutches with your bare hands. You have to run, definitely run to the hut for some supplies. God help me!

Semyon runs to his booth, gasping for breath. He runs and is about to fall. He ran out of the forest - to the booth, “no more than a few fathoms left, he heard a buzzer at the factory. Six o'clock. And at two minutes past seven the train will pass. God! Save innocent souls! So Semyon sees in front of him: the locomotive will hit the rail stub with its left wheel, it will tremble, tilt, start tearing the sleepers and smashing them to pieces, and then there is a curve, a curve, and an embankment, and it will fall down eleven fathoms, and there, in the third class, The place is jam-packed with people, small children... Now they all sit, not thinking about anything. Lord, give me some sense!.. No, you won’t be able to run to the booth and get back in time...

Semyon did not reach the booth, turned back, and ran faster than before. Runs almost without memory; he doesn’t know what else will happen. He reached the open rail: his sticks lay in a heap. He bent down, grabbed one, without understanding why, and ran on. It seems to him that the train is already coming. He hears a distant whistle, he hears, the rails began to tremble steadily and slowly. I have no strength to run further; He stopped a hundred yards from the terrible place: here it was as if light had illuminated his head. He took off his hat and took out a paper handkerchief; he pulled out a knife from his boot; crossed himself, God bless!

Stabbed himself with a knife left hand above the elbow, blood splashed, poured out in a hot stream; He soaked his handkerchief in it, straightened it, stretched it, tied it on a stick and displayed his red flag.

He stands there, waving his flag, and the train is already visible. The driver doesn’t see him, he’ll come close, but at a hundred fathoms he won’t be able to stop the heavy train!

And the blood keeps pouring and pouring; presses the wound to his side, wants to squeeze it, but the blood does not stop; Apparently, he deeply wounded his hand. His head was spinning, black flies were flying in his eyes; then it got completely dark; There is a ringing of bells in my ears. He doesn’t see the train and doesn’t hear the noise: one thought in his head: “I won’t stand, I’ll fall, I’ll drop the flag; a train will pass through me... God help me, let's go shift..."

And it became black in his eyes and empty in his soul, and he dropped the flag. But the bloody banner did not fall to the ground: someone’s hand caught it and raised it high towards the approaching train.

The driver saw him, closed the regulator and gave counter steam. The train stopped.

People jumped out of the carriages and gathered in a crowd. They see: a man lies covered in blood, without memory; another stands next to him with a bloody rag on a stick.

Vasily looked around everyone, lowered his head:

“Tie me up,” he says, “I turned away the rail.”

Lesson equipment: portrait of V. Garshin; writers' statements.

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

• provide brief biographical information about the writer;
• reveal the content of the problem of revenge and betrayal in the story.

Educational: cultivate a responsible attitude towards people.

Educational: develop the communicative and linguistic competence of students, the skills of selective work with literary text, and develop imaginative and creative thinking.

• "Betrayals are committedmost often not due to deliberate intention, but due to weakness of character.” Francois La Rochefoucauld
• "The sweetest revenge is forgiveness." Israel Friedman

During the classes

1. introduction teachers.

I invite you to a conversation about BETRAYAL and REVENGE, about heroism and its place in a person’s life. These are very serious questions. Let's try to understand them using the example of Vsevolod Garshin's story "Signal".

2. Setting lesson goals.

What goal will we set for ourselves?

What problems need to be solved?

3. Student’s message about V. Garshin.

Vsevolod Garshin - Russian writer. Very early I became interested in adult questions about the meaning of life. He was a thoughtful, inquisitive and lively person, very kind and fair to people (according to the recollections of his contemporaries). Vsevolod Garshin - a difficult person fate: participated in Russian-Turkish war(1877) as a private in an infantry regiment. At the end of the war he was promoted to officer. All his works are imbued with the idea of ​​the struggle for personal freedom and the destruction of inequality between people. He loved his homeland passionately. In the story "Signal" the writer raises issues of betrayal and revenge and talks about the feat of a common man.

4. Preparing students for work at the main stage.

Read the statements of famous writers (on the board).

How do you understand these words? Do you agree with the writers' opinions?

Are the concepts of BETRAYAL and REVENGE the same?

5. Distribution of tasks into groups.

Which life views visited Semyon and Vasily? Compare - present in the table.

What was Vasily dissatisfied with? Who is he angry with? (Prove with text)

CONFLICT - in the work between whom does it arise?

Reading an excerpt (Vasily went to complain to Moscow). What character traits of Vasily appear when he quarrels with his boss? Who is right in this debate?

Reading an excerpt (Vasily’s actions on railway tracks).

Was Vasily’s act despair, betrayal or revenge?

Did Vasily want people to suffer? What influenced Vasily’s return to the place of his action?

Each group draws up its reflections on sheets of paper in the form of a supporting summary.

6. Discussion important episodes story in revealing the main problems of the work.

Participants in each group (one at a time) present their thoughts on the proposed questions.

On the central board, a movement schedule is drawn up, the development of the main conflict in the work. The different participants in this conflict and their characteristics are shown.

The characters of the main characters of the story and their worldview are different.

Vasily is angry with people, hot-tempered (he almost beat his boss to death). He doesn’t want to put up with it and remain silent: “How can you live on such a salary? You need to look for the truth and complain about these bosses, don’t be silent!”

Semyon loves people, is patient with them: “We must endure what God sends, we will accept.”

But in the decisive climax(when Semyon, bleeding, held the rescue flag on the railway tracks, and the approaching train was getting closer and closer) Vasily decides to return, he helped Semyon hold the flag.

So, the heroes do the same! This is what we see in our chart.

What influenced Vasily’s return to the place of his action?

Did Vasily want people to suffer?

7. Conclusions:

We traced how the conflict between the boss and Vasily arose and how it developed. Any conflicts between people are dangerous because their development and consequences can affect not only the participants in the conflict, but also those who did not take part in them. Semyon is not a participant in the conflict, but suffered!

And in our life - do you know of cases when people who were not involved in the conflicts themselves suffered?

What is a feat?

Can Semyon's action be called a feat? And what about Vasily’s action?

What is the lesson from this story?

I would be glad if this lesson helps you take a different, more careful look at relationships with girlfriends and friends, and think about the true meaning of forgiveness in a person’s life.

8. Organizing homework.

Write creative work on the topic "Where does betrayal begin?"