EGE Russian language. argument bank

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger de Saint-Exupéry(1900, Lyon, France - July 31, 1944) - famous French writer, poet and professional pilot.

A. de Saint-Exupéry “The Little Prince”. The Old Fox taught the Little Prince to comprehend the wisdom of human relationships. To understand a person, you need to learn to peer into him and forgive minor shortcomings. After all, the most important thing is always hidden inside, and you can’t see it right away.

This is the story of the accidental landing of the writer himself and his mechanic Prevost in the desert.
The symbol of life is water, it quenches the thirst of people lost in the sands, the source of everything that exists on earth, the food and flesh of everyone, the substance that makes rebirth possible.
The dehydrated desert is a symbol of a world devastated by war, chaos, destruction, human callousness, envy and selfishness. This is a world in which man dies of spiritual thirst.

A rose is a symbol of love, beauty, and femininity. The little prince did not immediately discern the true inner essence of beauty. But after a conversation with the Fox, the truth was revealed to him - beauty only becomes beautiful when it is filled with meaning and content.

“Loving does not mean looking at each other, it means looking in the same direction” - this thought determines the ideological concept of the fairy tale.

He examines the theme of Evil in two aspects: on the one hand, it is “micro-evil,” that is, evil within an individual person. This is the deadness and inner emptiness of the inhabitants of the planets, who personify all human vices. And it is no coincidence that the inhabitants of the planet Earth are characterized through the inhabitants of the planets seen by the Little Prince. By this, the author emphasizes how petty and dramatic the modern world is. He believes that humanity, like the Little Prince, will comprehend the mystery of existence, and each person will find his own guiding star, which will illuminate his path in life. The second aspect of the theme of evil can be conditionally called “macroevil”. Baobabs are a spiritualized image of evil in general. One interpretation of this metaphorical image is associated with fascism. Saint-Exupéry wanted people to carefully uproot the evil “baobab trees” that threatened to tear the planet apart. “Beware of the baobabs!” - the writer conjures.

Saint-Exupéry encourages us to treat everything beautiful as carefully as possible and try not to lose the beauty within ourselves on the difficult path of life - the beauty of the soul and heart.
The Little Prince learns the most important thing about beauty from the Fox. Outwardly beautiful, but empty inside, roses do not evoke any feelings in a child-contemplator. They are dead to him. The main character discovers the truth for himself, the author and the readers - only that which is filled with content and deep meaning is beautiful.

Misunderstanding and alienation of people is another important philosophical topic. The deadness of the human soul leads to loneliness. A person judges others only by their “outer shell”, without seeing the main thing in a person - his inner moral beauty: “When you tell adults: “I saw a beautiful house made of pink brick, there are geraniums in the windows, and pigeons on the roof,” they do not can't imagine this house. They must be told: “I saw a house for a hundred thousand francs,” and then they exclaim: “What a beauty!”
People must take care of the purity and beauty of their planet, together protect and decorate it, and prevent all living things from perishing. So, gradually, unobtrusively, another important theme arises in the fairy tale - environmental, which is very relevant for our time. The Little Prince's journey from star to star brings us closer to today's vision of cosmic distances, where the Earth, due to the carelessness of people, can disappear almost unnoticed.
Love And the Fox reveals one more secret to the baby: “Only the heart is vigilant. You can’t see the most important thing with your eyes... Your Rose is so dear to you because you gave her your whole soul... People have forgotten this truth, but don’t forget: you are forever responsible for everyone you have tamed.” To tame means to bind oneself to another creature with tenderness, love, and a sense of responsibility. To tame means to destroy facelessness and indifference towards all living things. To tame means to make the world significant and generous, because everything in it reminds of a beloved creature. The narrator comprehends this truth, and the stars come to life for him, and he hears the ringing of silver bells in the sky, reminiscent of the laughter of the Little Prince. The theme of “expansion of the soul” through love runs through the entire tale.

Only friendship can melt the ice of loneliness and alienation, since it is based on mutual understanding, mutual trust and mutual assistance.
“It's sad when friends are forgotten. Not everyone has a friend,” says the hero of the fairy tale. At the beginning of the fairy tale, the Little Prince leaves his only Rose, then he leaves his new friend Fox on Earth. “There is no perfection in the world,” the Fox will say. But there is harmony, there is humanity, there is a person’s responsibility for the work entrusted to him, for the person close to him, there is also responsibility for his planet, for everything that happens on it.
Exupery wants to say that each person has his own planet, his own island and his own guiding star, which a person should not forget about. “I would like to know why the stars glow,” said the Little Prince thoughtfully. “Probably so that sooner or later everyone can find theirs again.”

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy ---1828 --- 1910 Novel "War and Peace"

Pierre (Tolstoy's "V. and the World") was helped to survive in captivity by the wisdom of Platon Karataev, who taught him to live simply and appreciate what you have: the sun is shining, the rain is falling - all is good. There is no need to rush around in search of happiness - live and rejoice, be happy that you live. He found a common language with everyone, even the French.

Using the example of Pierre Bezukhov and Platon Karataev L. N. Tolstoy showed two completely different types of Russian characters, two different social heroes.
The first of them is the count, who was captured by the French as an “arsonist” and, miraculously, escaped execution. The second is a simple, experienced, patient soldier. Nevertheless, the soldier Platon Karataev managed to play an extremely important role in the life of Pierre Bezukhov.
After the execution of the “arsonists,” of which Pierre became an eyewitness, “it was as if the spring on which everything was held was pulled out in his soul, and everything fell into a heap of meaningless rubbish. Faith in the improvement of the world, and in the human soul, and in God."
A meeting in a booth with Platon Karataev helped Pierre’s spiritual revival: “He felt that the previously destroyed world was now being erected in his soul with new beauty, on some new and unshakable foundations.” Karataev made a huge impression on Pierre with his behavior, common sense, expediency of actions, and ability to “do everything not very well, but not badly either.” For Pierre, he became “an incomprehensible, round and eternal personification of the spirit of simplicity and truth.”
Bezukhov, having endured severe suffering and fear of death, finds himself in another world. He sees how Karataev carefully arranged all his “household” in the corner, how a little dog ran up to him and began to caress him. The soldier started talking about something very simple, began muttering prayers. All these everyday words and actions in those conditions seemed to Pierre a miracle, a great discovery of the truth of life. Pierre felt the new beauty of the recently destroyed world, received “peace and contentment with himself”: “And he, without thinking about it, received this peace and this agreement with himself only through the horror of death, through deprivation and through what he understood in Karataev."
Karataev feels like a part of the people: ordinary soldiers, the peasantry. His wisdom is contained in numerous proverbs and sayings, each of which reveals an episode of Plato’s life. For example, “where there is justice, there is untruth.” He suffered from an unfair trial and was forced to serve in the army. However, Plato takes any twists of fate calmly; he is ready to sacrifice himself for the well-being of his family. Karataev loves every person, every living creature: he is affectionate with an ordinary stray dog, helps other prisoners, sews shirts for the French and sincerely admires his work.
Platon Karataev becomes for Pierre an example of the perception of another world, where simplicity and truth, love for humanity reign.
The relationship between Platon Karataev and Pierre Bezukhov developed very briefly in the novel. Due to the worsening illness, Karataev was shot by the French.
The soldier passed away unnoticed, and Pierre took Karataev’s death calmly, as a matter of course.
Plato appeared next to Pierre, like a savior, at the most difficult moment of his life and left casually. But, despite this, his personality is so extraordinary and his influence on Pierre’s fate is so great that Karataev cannot simply be counted among the episodic heroes of the novel.
It was not for nothing that years later Pierre often remembered him, thought about what Plato would say about this or that event, “would he approve or not approve.” The meeting of these two heroes largely determined the future fate of Count Pierre Bezukhov and showed the greatest wisdom of the Russian people, embodied in the guise of the soldier Platon Karataev

A topic such as “Dreams and Reality” can be revealed on the basis of Goncharov’s work “Oblomov”.

Since childhood, the main character of this work dreamed of achieving a lot in life: starting a family, doing something significant in life.

However, over time, Oblomov betrayed his dreams; the reality turned out to be that he prefers to lie on the couch all day and hope that someone else will make progress.

I was also unlucky with my family. It would seem that Oblomov has met the woman of his dreams, but he is too lazy and reluctant to change anything in his life. He is content with what he has.

Thus, the main character was unable to make his dreams come true.

The essay is written based on arguments from fiction: Goncharov’s “Oblomov” and Chekhov’s story “The Man in a Case.”

You can contrast the main characters of these two works. Belikov from “The Case” and Ilya Oblomov are two completely different personalities, but these heroes have one common quality - they are looking for a reason to escape from real life. Belikov is pedantic, everything goes according to plan, he has a negative attitude towards outsiders interfering in his affairs. He is not capable of dreaming, he is a realist to the core. His only aspiration is exemplary order in every point of life. This is unrealistic.

Oblomov is lazy and lives entirely in his dreams and dreams. His dream is about a calm, measured life, where you don’t have to do anything, you can lie on the couch and indulge in dreams. Such a life is hopeless. To achieve your dreams you need real actions.

When writing an essay on the topic “Dream and Reality,” Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” can serve as an argument.

The main character of the work in his youth has a dream to change this world, to improve himself, but over time, his priorities change.

He dreams of an ideal, loving wife, of family comfort, and Olga Ilyinskaya could give this to the hero, but he is afraid of change. His love for Olga Ilyinskaya is no stronger than his fear, fear of change, and he breaks up with her.

After this, nothing motivates him anymore to lead an active life, self-improvement, and he enjoys his couch life.

His dream is now banal and simple, to lie on the sofa in the comfort and coziness that Agafya Pshenitsyna gives to the hero.

And so the hero’s life ended, he died alone, without a family, although his soul, apparently, died even earlier.

Another argument for writing an essay on this topic could be “The Man in the Case.”

The main character, Belikov, lives in his own world, he does not recognize anything new, he is an Old Believer. Everything new is rejected by him as something shameful and unworthy. The author of the work even dressed him in a case, his attire is a warm coat. He invariably walks around in it, as if hiding from reality in it.

Belikov does not know how to dream, he is deprived of this ability. His life is boring and measured, he knows only work and his books. And even having fallen in love with Varenka, he remains true to himself and his beliefs. He is unable to dream, change himself and change the world around him. That is why, when Varenka laughed at him, he could not accept reality, experiencing shock, he fell ill and soon died.

It is not for nothing that the main characters of the works “Oblomov” and the work of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov “The Man in a Case” were chosen in this issue. Both main characters are quite similar, they live in their own world, and are constantly running away from the world in which society lives. The main difference between Ilya Oblomov and Belikov is that Ilya is a lazy person, loves to sleep and does practically nothing, but Belikov, on the contrary, is a hardworking person, constantly doing something, he has willpower.

Ilya Oblomov has a dream, but he does nothing to realize it. He is living his dream. Maybe Oblomov began to do something, but since childhood he was accustomed to doing nothing, he has been lazy since childhood.

Belikov has his own code of rules that he lives by, and he really doesn’t like it when he breaks it.

Dream and reality, these two concepts are always close, because often our dreams turn into reality, but it also happens the other way around.

In the work “The Man in a Case,” the main character Belikov is simply unable to dream. Everything must be in order and correct for him; he is not able to enjoy life. Moreover, Belikov and others reproach that they do not correspond to his ideas about life. Belikov was never able to become happy, and all because he was too strict and used to living according to instructions.

In the work “Oblomov”, the hero is a big dreamer, but he is used to living in his dreams, but he did nothing to make his dreams come true. It was easy for Oblomov to do something; he preferred to dream.

Any completed business first begins with a Dream, which turns into plans, which in turn are implemented in practice and the result is the fact of implementation. But this is ideal. In life, there are always options for the development of this scenario.

So, for example, when applied to these works, we see only the initial link of this logical chain - just a dream.

Things don’t go further than this, for various reasons. For example, Oblomov is not able to implement his plans, due to the fact that he simply does not know how to do anything, does not know how to work, although his plans are quite correct. But the reality is not only projects, the reality is that you put your own obstacles in the way of fulfilling your dreams, which must be overcome. And this is where worldly wisdom, perseverance and hard work come into play - which Oblomov does not have. His growing up was far from work, and his character has no core.

The man in the case is not lazy, but he has the other extreme, he is extremely radical in his assessment of others, and evaluates their behavior according to his scale of an ideal (as it seems to him) model of behavior.

Both of these main characters, each in their own way, do not connect their lives with reality. They both live in their dreams and do not understand that for a person it is simply necessary to integrate his thoughts and actions into the picture of social life, because man is a social being.

Arguments for the direction “Revenge and Reality” based on the work of I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" can be written as follows.

Oblomov’s dream was from childhood, or rather, a representation of the fairy tale that he heard about in childhood. He lives contrary to Stolz’s words that it is necessary to live in order to work.

According to Oblomov, life should be a joy. Ilya Ilyich had a dream, but he did nothing to make it come true. One can even say that he is not capable of doing anything, Oblomov cannot translate his ideal into reality, but only dreams about it.

In the work “The Man in the Case” he creates his own reality and even tries to reproach others if they did something not the way he thinks it should be. Belikov is not capable of dreams, he is a realist. But as soon as something changed that did not fit into his little world and did not correspond to his reality (mockery at him), he immediately fell ill and died.

In both works we see dreamers as the main characters. Oblomov is not a poor man (although not very rich), he has property, he has a good friend who could help him, but Oblomov indulges in completely empty dreams day after day, and in reality it is even difficult for him to get up from the couch. Not a bad person, but completely without willpower, who lacks activity and determination. He wasn’t used to not only working, he wasn’t used to doing anything at all, the roots of this way of life go back to his childhood, as is often the case. In his adult life he is uncomfortable, so he retreats into dreams, running away from reality, to which he feels discomfort at the mere thought that he needs to do something.

Belikov is also not comfortable among the people around him. In his story, Chekhov denounces and laughs not only at Belikov, who is trying to hide from society in a case, but also at this society, which is far from perfect. The whole city is afraid of Belikov, and Belikov himself is afraid of everyone and everything. He runs away from society, but at the same time, public opinion is very important to him, and when he finds himself in a situation in which everyone laughs at him, he worries so much that he gets sick and dies. You can't run away from reality - you can draw this conclusion from Chekhov's story.

Interestingly, in the image of Olya Oblomov and the gymnasium teacher Belikov, different types of departure and escape from real life are shown. Does Oblomov have a dream: yes, he does. And this is the dream of a very lazy person to live a measured life, calmly, not thinking about anything, only dreaming of a good lunch and dinner. This illusion cannot lead to anything good: reality requires living and energetic people who are inspired by life and do not build rosy dreams. Unlike Oblomov, Chekhov's main character Belikov sees life only through the glasses of a “wise minnow,” he is afraid of everything, his dream is exemplary order in everything, subject to universal strict instructions. But such a dream cannot exist for long, and after Belikov’s unsuccessful love, which ended in a fight with the bride’s brother, Belikov dies in order to say goodbye to reality forever and lie down in his grave case...

Original text

Most often, a person is looking for his dream, but it also happens that a dream finds a person. Like a disease, like the flu virus. It seems that Kolka Velin never looked at the sky with bated breath, and the voices of birds soaring in the blue heights did not make his heart tremble. He was an ordinary student, moderately diligent and diligent, went to school without much enthusiasm, was quieter than water in class, loved to fish...

Everything changed in one day. He suddenly decided that he would become a pilot.

In a remote, remote village, where the nearest station is more than a hundred kilometers away, where any trip becomes a whole journey, this very thought seemed madness. The life path of every person here was smooth and straight: after school, boys received a license to drive a tractor and became machine operators, and the bravest ones completed driving courses and worked as drivers in the village. Traveling on the ground is the destiny of man. And then fly on an airplane! They looked at Kolka as an eccentric, and the father hoped that the absurd idea would somehow disappear from his son’s head by itself. You never know what we want in our youth! Life is a cruel thing, it will put everything in its place and indifferently, like a painter, will paint over with gray paint our ardent dreams drawn in our youth. But Kolka did not give up. He dreamed of silver wings carrying him over the wet snow of clouds, and thick elastic air, clean and cold, like spring water, filled his lungs.

After the graduation party, he went to the station, bought a ticket to Orenburg and took the night train to enter the flight school. Kolka woke up early in the morning from horror. Horror, like a boa constrictor, squeezed his numb body with cold rings and dug its toothy mouth into his very chest. Kolka went down from the top shelf, looked out the window, and he became even more scared. Trees protruding from the semi-darkness stretched crooked hands to the glass, narrow lanes, like gray steppe vipers, crawled through the bushes, and from the sky, filled to the brim with shreds of tattered clouds, darkness flowed down to the ground in purple-black paint. Where am I going? What will I do there alone? Kolka imagined that he would now be dropped off and he would find himself in the boundless emptiness of an uninhabited planet...

Arriving at the station, he bought a return ticket that same day and returned home two days later. Everyone reacted calmly to his return, without mockery, but also without sympathy. I feel a little sorry for the money spent on tickets, but I went, looked, checked myself, calmed down, and will now throw all nonsense out of my head and become a normal person. These are the laws of life: everything that flies up sooner or later returns to the ground. A stone, a bird, a dream—everything comes back...

Kolka got a job at the forestry enterprise, got married, is now raising two daughters, and goes fishing on weekends. Sitting on the bank of a muddy river, he looks at jet planes flying silently in the sky and immediately determines: here is a MiG, and there is a Su. His heart groans from aching pain, he wants to jump higher and at least once take a sip of that freshness that the sky generously feeds the birds. But there are fishermen sitting nearby, and he timidly hides his excited gaze, puts the worm on the hook, and then waits patiently for it to start biting.

(According to S. Mizerov)

Composition

In this text, S. Mizerov talks about how the choice of life path is born.

Does the environment influence a person's choice of life path? What prevents him from staying true to his dream?

S. Mizerov believes that the influence of everyday traditions and habits often forces a person to change his dream and does not allow him to fully realize his abilities. The hero of the story, Kolka Velin, could not overcome the feeling of fear of the new, he betrayed his dream and became like everyone else.

It is difficult to disagree with the author of the text. Often a person gets lost in the face of difficulties. And he, in my opinion, should not just want something, but strive to realize his dream. And then the realized dream will make his life fuller, more interesting.

The hero of the story by B. Polevoy, pilot Alexey Meresyev (aka Alexey Maresyev in life), left without legs, dreamed of flying. How much he had to suffer to get back at the helm of the plane!

Maria from V. Zakrutkin’s story “Mother of Man”, in incredibly difficult conditions, dreaming of surviving and preserving an unborn child as a memory of the past, was able to overcome her fear and give life to a new person.

You don’t need to give up, lose your composure, but you need to believe in your strength, in your dream, and then your heart won’t groan from “aching pain.”

The final essay is the most important test on the road to the Unified State Exam. If you don’t pass it, you don’t even have to think about passing the unified state exam. That’s why it’s so important to start preparing diligently now! Not much time, a couple of months. But together we will overcome everything. Joint? Yes! Write in the comments which piece was missing, and we will make an argument about it!

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov described the gap between dreams and reality in his novel The Master and Margarita. The main character dreamed of publishing a book - the achievement of his whole life. For the sake of writing it, he quit his job and spent a lot of the money he won on purchasing various works that helped him in his creativity. But in the end, he himself regretted that he had so zealously sought the fulfillment of his dream. Critics immediately descended on the published excerpt like a flock of ravens on a corpse. Insults began in the press, persecution of such an “anti-Soviet” writer began. And the basement on Arbat, which the Master paid for with winning the lottery, did not bring happiness: he was set up and evicted by Magarych, who pretended to be a friend. The hero ends up in a madhouse, and he completely burnt his novel. It turns out that a person should be afraid of his desires, because he cannot even imagine how they will turn out in reality.
M. A. Bulgakov talks about the insignificance of some of our desires in the novel “The Master and Margarita.” Woland, at his performance in Variety, ironizes about the dreams of Muscovites: they are all obsessed with the “housing issue.” The magician satisfies their pettiness and vanity by throwing wads of money into the air, dressing women in luxurious outfits. But the author of the novel showed the vanity and insignificance of such aspirations literally: all the money and clothes melted away or turned into empty pieces of paper. Thus, the dreams of all these narrow-minded and stingy people turned out to be worthless illusions, and Satan taught them a good lesson.
The heroine of M. A. Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita” went through a lot to realize her cherished dream. The woman passionately wanted to return her loved one, who had disappeared. She tried everything possible, but never learned anything about his fate. And then one day she met a stranger who made a frightening offer: take the cream, smear it all over your body and wait for his call. After this, there should be a meeting with a foreigner who knows about the Master what Margarita so wants to know. The woman was very scared, but decided to take this step. She forever left her husband and her entire former life in contentment and idleness. She had to meet the devil and become the hostess at his ball. She endured both pain and fear for the sake of love. As a result, the heroine was able to rescue the Master, but the fulfillment of her dream came at a high price. Thus, in order to get what you want, you need to make an effort, because dreams don’t just come true.

F. M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment”

F. M. Dostoevsky in his work “Crime and Punishment” described a very dangerous dreamer who should beware of his desires. Rodion Raskolnikov sought to restore trampled social justice and distribute the surplus of rich people to the poor. To do this, he chose the first victim - the moneylender Alena Ivanovna. This old woman shrouded dozens of honest but poor families in debt networks. The hero kills her, and at the same time takes the life of her pregnant sister, who witnessed the massacre. But the fulfillment of his dream turns into the collapse of all his bright hopes. The stolen money did not help anyone, but only destroyed the peace of mind of the murderer and thief. Thus, some desires really should be feared, since in reality they can only be embodied in ugliness and sinfulness.
Reality is sometimes unable to desecrate a dream, as the author of the book “Crime and Punishment”, F. M. Dostoevsky, proves to us. Sonya Marmeladova dreamed of converting Rodion to the Christian faith and directing him on the righteous path of atonement for sin. Therefore, the girl undertakes a moral feat: she goes to hard labor after her beloved. The harsh realities of prison life did not break the sublime soul. The heroine adapted to the cruel order and supported many prisoners with her care. Everyone loved her. Even the cold heart of proud Rodion melted. As a result, Sonya's wish came true: her chosen one renounced the inhuman theories. In the epilogue we see how he enthusiastically reads the Bible, imbued with wisdom and mercy. Thus, even the most seemingly unrealizable dream can break into reality and not be defiled by it if a person passionately believes in what he is doing.

A. P. Chekhov, “Ionych”

In A.P. Chekhov’s story “Ionych” the hero dreams of his realization in his profession. He wants to make a big contribution to the development of medicine, wants to help people and bring good to this world. But Dmitry finds himself in a remote province, where his sincere impulses towards the light are drowned out by the impenetrable darkness of philistinism and vulgarity. The entire environment of the young doctor drags him into a swamp of monotony and boredom. Here no one strives for anything, no one craves anything. Everything is going as usual. And Startsev also betrays his dream, becoming an ordinary, fat, middle-aged man. He is rude and grumbling, serving annoying patients, whom he views solely as a source of income. Now he just wants to sit in the club and gamble. Using his example, we understand that betrayal of one’s ideals and dreams promises complete spiritual degradation.
Not all dreams are destined to come true, and this is the norm. This thesis is proven by A.P. Chekhov in the book “Ionych”. Katerina dreams of becoming a virtuoso pianist, but can she do it? Hardly. Not all people are given true talent. But the heroine does not understand this, boasting of her ability to drum on the keys. She even rejects Dmitry's proposal, leaves her father's house and spends several years in the capital, trying to learn to be a pianist. So what's the end result? Youth fades, beauty fades, and dreams turn into painful stings of ambition. The girl returns home with nothing, vaguely aware of her own mediocrity. Was it worth it to be so arrogant and reject the young man? No. But the past cannot be returned, and Katerina tries in vain to remind Dmitry of her old feelings. Thus, not all dreams can be realized by a person, and he must accept this fact courageously and calmly, directing his efforts in another, more suitable direction.

A. S. Pushkin, “The Captain's Daughter”

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in his historical novel “The Captain's Daughter” describes devotion to a dream, which culminated in the realization of desire. Marya Mironova fell in love with Peter and dreamed of marrying him. But fate kept putting a spoke in their wheels: first, Shvabrin informed Grinev’s father that the dowry was eager to lure the rich heir into a trap. The elderly nobleman, naturally, forbade this marriage. Then Marya became Alexei's captive, and he forced her to marry him. It would seem that the poor orphan should have accepted the offer; nothing better could have been expected, but the girl stubbornly waited for her beloved. When the liberation took place, she had to lose Peter again. He was convicted for imaginary help to Pugachev. And then the heroine was not afraid to go to the empress herself. Such fidelity to her dream finally led Marya to the fulfillment of her desire: she became the wife of her loved one.
Sometimes people are ready to do any abomination to make their dream come true. This example is described by A. S. Pushkin in the novel “The Captain's Daughter.” Alexey wanted to marry Marya, but she rejected him. The beauty also fell in love with the new officer of the garrison, Peter. Then Shvabrin decided to achieve his goal through intrigue and even betrayal. He denigrated the reputation of Mironova and her family in the eyes of Grinev. Then the brave young man appointed a duel to the gossip, defending the honor of his beloved girl. And Shvabrin again showed meanness, taking advantage of a dishonest method. And when the fortress was captured by the rebels, the hero did not bat an eyebrow, betraying his patronymic name. It was then that he decided to take his wife by force and coercion, stopping at nothing. Grinev stopped him in time, and yet Alexey was ready to step over all moral prohibitions, just to achieve his dream. Because of such unscrupulousness, it did not come true, because in any endeavor it is important to maintain dignity, otherwise you will only move away from your dream, because you will become unworthy of it.

A. N. Ostrovsky, “Thunderstorm”

In A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm,” the main character dreams of a happy and free life. But the marriage did not live up to her hopes: the husband found himself under the iron heel of his mother, who reproached every day of the young family’s existence. If the son could still escape for a while to a tavern or on business, then his wife took upon herself the full burden of the relationship with her mother-in-law. Reality cruelly deceived the expectations of a sublime and romantic girl. She thought that all families, like her parents, lived in harmony and understanding. But her dream of love is not destined to come true even outside of Kabanikha’s scrap. Boris was another disappointment. His love did not extend beyond his uncle's ban. As a result, from the collision of reality with the world of dreams, the heroine loses the strength to live and kills herself. Thus, the conflict between reality and dreams can lead to tragedy.
Dreams come true, but not by themselves. Something needs to be done for this. But often people do not understand simple truths, and A. N. Ostrovsky described such an example in the drama “The Thunderstorm.” Tikhon loves his wife and dreams of living with her in the warmth and harmony of the family hearth, but the hero’s mother constantly pesters the young people with her eternal desire to control everything. It would seem that this problem can be corrected, but Tikhon is a weak-willed and apathetic person to whom any task seems an unbearable burden. He is afraid of his mother, although he has already become a grown man. As a result, he drags along the burden of a difficult life, not trying to realize his desires. This was enough to drive unfortunate Katerina to suicide. In the finale, the hero mourns his wife and reproaches his mother for the collapse of all his hopes. But he alone is to blame.

I. A. Goncharov, “Oblomov”

In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov,” the hero gets bogged down in fantasies all his life, hiding from reality in a warm robe on his favorite sofa. He practically never leaves the house, but he often thinks about going out and doing something. Ilya Ilyich only brushes aside all the demands of reality (theft in Oblomovka, the need to leave the apartment, etc.), trying at any cost to transfer worries about business to someone else. Therefore, Oblomov is always surrounded by scammers who benefit from their friend’s continuous escape from reality, where they shamelessly rob him. Ilya Ilyich's daydreaming leads him to a dead end. Living his days in illusions, he has forgotten how to do anything, so he loses his beloved Olga, squanders the rest of his inheritance and leaves his son an orphan without a fortune. Oblomov dies in the prime of his life from his way of life, although no, from his way of thinking, because it is he who brings a man to complete physical and spiritual degradation. Thus, excessive daydreaming threatens a person with irreparable and serious consequences.
Our dreams do not always lead us down the right path. Sometimes they entangle us in the depths of labyrinths, from where it is difficult to get back. Therefore, it is necessary in time to distinguish our true desires from false and imposed ideas about what we want. In I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” there is just such an example. Olga Ilyinskaya imagined herself to be the savior of Ilya Ilyich and began to stubbornly remake him. She did not spare his habits, did not take his opinion into account, and did not love him as he was in real life. She saw in front of her only an illusion that she dreamed of making. Therefore, their relationship did not work out, and the heroine herself found herself in a stupid position. She, young and beautiful, almost herself proposed to the lazy fat man, who in every possible way slowed down the process. Then the woman realized that she had been living in illusions and had invented love for herself. Olga, fortunately, found a more suitable husband and said goodbye to false desires that could have made her unhappy if they had come true. Thus, not all dreams lead us to a happy future.

A. Green, “Scarlet Sails”

In Green’s work “Scarlet Sails,” the heroine proved by her example that even the wildest dreams come true if a person believes in them with all his heart. Once upon a time, a little girl received a prediction that a prince would come for her on a magic ship with scarlet sails. Assol believed in destiny and began to wait for that mysterious stranger, although everyone around laughed at her naivety. Society took out its negative attitude towards her father on her, and the girl grew up as an outcast. In addition, she was considered crazy, because who in their right mind would believe in stories about fairy-tale ships and handsome princes? But the heroine stubbornly believed in her lucky star, and for good reason. The brave sailor learned about her dream and fulfilled it, deciding to support the beauty. As a result, Assol waited for her wish to come true, despite the fact that no one believed in her. Thus, in order to realize your dreams, you must be a courageous and independent person, devoted to your ideal.
To fulfill his dream, a person sometimes has to sacrifice a lot. For example, Arthur Gray from the story “Scarlet Sails” was forced to leave his home and sever ties with his family in order to become a sailor. His parents were famous aristocrats, representatives of an ancient dynasty. Their only son was destined for the fate of a diplomat, because his father was an important government official. However, the boy wanted to live differently. The gloomy and pompous atmosphere of the mansion depressed him. He wanted freedom and variety of travel. But the family did not approve of his intentions. Then the 15-year-old boy ran away from home. It was undoubtedly difficult for him to take this step, but he was able to step out of his comfort zone. This is the price of fulfilling dreams.

N.V. Gogol, “Dead Souls”

The difference between a dream and a desire becomes obvious when we find out what a person wants from life. The main character of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” wanted one thing: enrichment. For this purpose, he traveled around Russia in search of landowners who could transfer to him those peasants who had already died. Thus, the swindler intended to fraudulently obtain a loan by mortgaging dozens of serfs who actually did not exist. It is obvious that Chichikov did not disdain the lowest means in implementing his plans. He was not afraid to put his honor, even his freedom, on the line, because such machinations could lead to prosecution. But is the result worth the risk? Is a person really ready to sacrifice everything he has for the sake of money? This is a very petty reason. For a dream, a simple desire for profit is not enough. This is just a consumer desire that is easy to satisfy. Most people have it, there is nothing in it that could inspire a person. A real dream is an ideal, a barely achievable miracle to which a person strives. And what is so prosaic and banal is called only a momentary whim - desire.
One of the heroes of N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls” was particularly dreamy. Manilov lived in dreams, so in words he seemed like an ideal landowner. He dreamed of building a stone bridge across the pond, setting up tents and stalls there for merchants, in short, organizing innovative trading platforms. However, all the regulars of the house knew that the owner had been telling this story for several years. He also gave the impression of being a well-read and cultured person, but the book on his desk had been open at page fourteen for two years. The nobleman cared very much about the farm, but did not understand anything about it, so the manager robbed him. Manilov lived by illusions that fed his imagination. He had enough of these phantoms; he was not going to do anything to realize them. Therefore, none of his grandiose plans will ever cease to be a plan.

A. P. Chekhov, “Gooseberry”

A dream is a beautiful and inspiring extravaganza that leads us through life to the future we want. But if dreams turn into a fanatical desire, close to obsession, then they can drive a person crazy. An example was described by A.P. Chekhov in the story “Gooseberry”. The main character wanted more than anything to buy his own estate. There he intended to grow his favorite garden berries and live in complete peace. For the sake of acquiring this piece of paradise, he decided to waste all of himself. The man married for convenience, killed his wife with economy and stinginess, and he himself was undernourished, just to save money for the coveted purchase. All hobbies, feelings, knowledge were forgotten. Nikolai Ivanovich lived only by a dream. As a result, he achieved his goal, became a master with his own estate and a saucer of sour gooseberries. But he lived alone and in complete idleness, having neither family, nor love, nor the work of his whole life. The hero became spiritually poor, scared all his friends, even his brother felt uneasy in his presence. Extremes do not lead to good, even if they appear in dreams. Fanaticism destroys a person's inner world.
In A.P. Chekhov’s story “Gooseberry,” the main character proved by his own example that one cannot dream only about material values, otherwise the dreamer’s personality will degrade. Nikolai Ivanovich all his life sought only to acquire an estate, which his father lost due to debts. The son reacted very painfully to this incident from the family chronicle, and, apparently, this event influenced his worldview. He was ready to sacrifice everything just to acquire an estate with a plot suitable for growing gooseberries. Nikolai Ivanovich took as his wife a rich, but middle-aged and ugly widow, and soon brought her to death with his stinginess. This behavior alienated all his acquaintances and friends. He was left alone, but with gooseberries, because he bought a house and land. After the purchase, his brother noted that the newly-made master had sunk and degraded. A petty and selfish dream led him to a philistine existence, which cannot be called a full life. His well-fed satisfaction has nothing to do with happiness. That is why it cannot be said that all dreams are equally sublime and beautiful.

A. I. Kuprin, “Olesya”

In A. Kuprin’s story “Olesya,” the heroine had a dreamy nature, so she imagined that she could deceive fate. She had magical powers, and with the help of cards she made a prediction that foreshadowed her pain from her relationship with her lover. But the young witch was too fascinated by Ivan, and therefore allowed the dream of their love to become a reality. Their romance really continued easily and rapidly, the young people were crazy about each other. Apparently, because of this eclipse of consciousness, the girl succumbed to destructive illusions - she believed that she needed to go to church and lead the lifestyle that her chosen one liked. But reality turned out to be a cruel refutation of this sweet self-deception: Olesya was severely beaten by fanatical parishioners. She realized that dreams of an alliance with Ivan were not destined to break through the misunderstanding and prejudices of society. And the dream of conquering fate also did not come true: inexorable fate followed on the heels of the victim. It is obvious that reality destroys our fantasies when we are under the intoxicating spell of love and allow ourselves to dream about what simply cannot come true.

I. A. Bunin, “Mr. from San Francisco”

In Ivan Bunin's story "Mr. from San Francisco", the hero's dream never comes true, because he kept pushing back the deadline for its implementation and, in the end, died. He worked all his life, made capital, built his own business, and therefore devoted little time to family and leisure. So, from a man he turned into a gentleman without a name or individual features. The hero became an ordinary businessman, in whom it was possible to discern only the presence of money. But he dreamed of something else - about a happy life with loved ones, about travel and new sensations. But the man realized too late what was really dear to him. Having never reached the cherished goal of the journey, he died at the first stop. All his dreams were shattered due to his inability to sort out his priorities. He put off important things for later, and as a result, nothing came true.

N.V. Gogol, “Nevsky Prospekt”

Not all dreams are equally useful for a person. Some of them are really worth fearing. For example, the artist from Gogol’s book “Nevsky Prospekt” saw a beautiful stranger on the main street of the city. He immediately fell in love and followed her in the hope of meeting her. The imagination of a creative person endowed the girl with some kind of magical charm. He followed her, and even seemed to see signs of attention from her side, but it turned out that the sweet young lady was leading him to a brothel. Seeing the hot spot, the hero was taken aback and ran away. At home, he desperately missed the young woman, or rather, his vision from Nevsky Prospekt. He endowed him with an extraterrestrial beauty with a hypnotic attraction. He immediately decided to save his ideal, to snatch it from the clutches of vice. But a repeated visit to the brothel showed that the desire was unrealistic. The girl laughed contemptuously in response to the artist’s sermons. All his illusions collapsed with a crash. He couldn't survive it. The conclusion can be drawn as follows: impressionable people should not pursue dubious ideals. They need to be afraid of their wild imagination.

The collapse of hopes for a dream come true can hurt a person and deprive him of his incentive to live. For example, the hero of Gogol’s story “Nevsky Prospekt” is disappointed in his dream of saving a beautiful stranger. The young brunette he saw on the street turns out to be a worker from a brothel. Piskarev is very worried about this, but decides to rescue the girl from captivity of vice. Opium greatly inflamed his imagination, and in a state of drug intoxication, the man could no longer adequately perceive reality. Arriving at the brothel, he began to preach the rejection of an immoral lifestyle. Naturally, the heroine only laughed at the guest. She wasn't going to change anything. But Piskarev could not stand the collapse of his hopes and committed suicide. The unfortunate man simply could not live anymore, having lost his crazy dream, which is why the consequences of the destruction of dreams were so tragic.

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Arguments in the direction of “Dream and Reality”:

M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"
F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"
A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”
A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"
A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"
A. Green “Scarlet Sails”
M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”
- Danko dreams of freedom for the people of his tribe, for the sake of this he does not spare his own life, tearing out the heart from his chest so that with its bright fire it will illuminate the path along which the tribe is trying to get out of the impenetrable forest and stinking swamps. The hero does this, despite the fact that people are angry with him and want him dead, not believing that he can fulfill his promise and lead them to freedom. Danko loves and pities people, that’s why his dream is connected with them, with a better life for them, that’s why he sacrifices himself without regret.
N.M. Karamzin “Poor Liza”
- In the story by N.M. Karamzin’s “Poor Liza” poses the problem of dreams and reality very acutely. Let's start with the fact that the writer himself, in his dreams, wanted to unite a poor peasant woman with a representative of an aristocratic society. The world of dreams and the world of reality collide in the space of the story. Erast dreams of idyllic love, sincerely wanting to forget class conventions. But reality destroys these intentions. Political, psychological, financial, social - what kind of circumstances do not interfere with the relationship of lovers! Even one of them would be enough for Erast’s dreams to crumble like a house of cards, so unsteady and fragile are his moral foundations. Lisa's fate was predetermined from the very moment when she believed that the fairy tale about Cinderella could become a reality in her and Erast's case. Until this moment, she tried to look at the situation soberly, but the desire to become a wife for her beloved made her vulnerable. Following her dream, she lost her head, and it ended in tragedy.
A.S. Pushkin "Blizzard"
- In the story “Blizzard” by A.S. Pushkin reflects on dreams and reality using the example of the main character, Marya Gavrilovna. She dreams of marrying a poor neighbor on the estate. Parents are categorically against such an unfavorable match, but Marya goes to any lengths in her pursuit of her dream. She and Vladimir decided to get married secretly. Their intentions are destroyed by the intervention of the elements. On the day of their wedding, a terrible snowstorm raged. As a result of this intervention, Marya got married to a stranger, and Vladimir, who did not have time to arrive at the wedding site on time, leaves in terrible confusion for the war and soon dies in the Battle of Borodino. After the death of her father, Marya remains a rich heiress, she has no end to suitors, but she cannot get married. And so she meets Burmin, who turned out to be her “accidental” husband. The heroes are happy. In this work, Pushkin wanted to express the idea that dreams can be dangerous, but reality must be accepted and reconciled, only this can be the key to a happy life.
L.N. Tolstoy "After the Ball"
- In the story “After the Ball” L.N. Tolstoy talks about how dreams are destroyed when faced with cruel reality. Ivan Vasilyevich, the narrator of the work, recalls the days of his youth, when he was young and full of happy hopes. He was in love and danced with his chosen one at the governor's ball all night. He lost only one dance to another - Varenka's father, for whom he felt the same enthusiastic feeling of love as for his daughter. The whole world seemed joyful and happy to the lover. Until the morning came after the ball. The narrator could not fall asleep and went for a walk, during which he saw a monstrous action - an inhuman execution of a fugitive Tatar, which was led by Varenka’s father. So reality destroyed dreams of happiness - the young man could not marry a girl whose father was capable of participating in such a monstrous business. The voluntary renunciation of a dream is explained by the fact that one cannot enjoy happiness when at the same time someone is being tortured and tormented.
A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"
- In the play by A.N. Ostrovsky's "The Thunderstorm" the main character dreams of a happy and free life. But the marriage did not live up to her hopes: the husband found himself under the iron heel of his mother, who reproached every day of the young family’s existence. If the son could still escape for a while to a tavern or on business, then his wife took upon herself the full burden of the relationship with her mother-in-law. Reality cruelly deceived the expectations of a sublime and romantic girl. She thought that all families, like her parents, lived in harmony and understanding. But her dream of love is not destined to come true even outside of Kabanikha’s scrap. Boris was another disappointment. His love did not extend beyond his uncle's ban. As a result, from the collision of reality with the world of dreams, the heroine loses the strength to live and kills herself. Thus, the conflict between reality and dreams can lead to tragedy.
- Dreams come true, but not by themselves. Something needs to be done for this. But often people do not understand simple truths, and A.N. Ostrovsky described such an example in the drama “The Thunderstorm”. Tikhon loves his wife and dreams of living with her in the warmth and harmony of the family hearth, but the hero’s mother constantly pesters the young people with her eternal desire to control everything. It would seem that this problem can be corrected, but Tikhon is a weak-willed and apathetic person to whom any task seems an unbearable burden. He is afraid of his mother, although he has already become a grown man. As a result, he drags along the burden of a difficult life, not trying to realize his desires. This was enough to drive unfortunate Katerina to suicide. In the finale, the hero mourns his wife and reproaches his mother for the collapse of all his hopes. But he alone is to blame.
I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov"
- In the novel by I.A. Goncharov’s “Oblomov” the hero gets bogged down in fantasies all his life, hiding from reality in a warm robe on his favorite sofa. He practically never leaves the house, but he often thinks about going out and doing something. Ilya Ilyich only brushes aside all the demands of reality (theft in Oblomovka, the need to leave the apartment, etc.), trying at any cost to transfer worries about business to someone else. Therefore, Oblomov is always surrounded by scammers who benefit from their friend’s continuous escape from reality, where they shamelessly rob him. Ilya Ilyich's daydreaming leads him to a dead end. Living his days in illusions, he has forgotten how to do anything, so he loses his beloved Olga, squanders the rest of his inheritance and leaves his son an orphan without a fortune. Oblomov dies in the prime of his life from his way of life, although no, from his way of thinking, because it is he who brings a man to complete physical and spiritual degradation. Thus, excessive daydreaming threatens a person with irreparable and serious consequences.
- Our dreams do not always lead us down the right path. Sometimes they entangle us in the depths of labyrinths, from where it is difficult to get back. Therefore, it is necessary in time to distinguish our true desires from false and imposed ideas about what we want. In the novel by I.A. Goncharov’s “Oblomov” is just such an example. Olga Ilyinskaya imagined herself to be the savior of Ilya Ilyich and began to stubbornly remake him. She did not spare his habits, did not take his opinion into account, and did not love him as he was in real life. She saw in front of her only an illusion that she dreamed of making. Therefore, their relationship did not work out, and the heroine herself found herself in a stupid position. She, young and beautiful, almost herself proposed to the lazy fat man, who in every possible way slowed down the process. Then the woman realized that she had been living in illusions and had invented love for herself. Olga, fortunately, found a more suitable husband and said goodbye to false desires that could have made her unhappy if they had come true. Thus, not all dreams lead us to a happy future.

EGE Russian language. argument bank

F. M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment”

A. P. Chekhov, “Ionych”

A. S. Pushkin, “The Captain's Daughter”

A. N. Ostrovsky, “Thunderstorm”

I. A. Goncharov, “Oblomov”

A. Green, “Scarlet Sails”

N.V. Gogol, “Dead Souls”

A. P. Chekhov, “Gooseberry”

A. I. Kuprin, “Olesya”

I. A. Bunin, “Mr. from San Francisco”

N.V. Gogol, “Nevsky Prospekt”

Arguments in the direction of “Dream and Reality”:

M.A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita"

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”

A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

A. Green “Scarlet Sails”

M. Gorky “Old Woman Izergil”

N.M. Karamzin “Poor Liza”

A.S. Pushkin "Blizzard"

L.N. Tolstoy "After the Ball"

A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov"