Analysis of the fatalist chapter from the novel Our Hero. Analysis of the story “Fatalist” from the point of view of “does fate exist?” (based on the novel “Hero of Our Time” by M

The final part of Lermontov’s work “A Hero of Our Time” is the story “Fatalist”. The events in this chapter take place near the Cossack village, where he stayed for two weeks. main character. Basically, what the officers did was play cards. But one day there was a disagreement between them.

One of the officers told everyone present an Islamic story that the fate of every person had long been decided and a person is not the master of his own destiny. Most agreed with this statement. However, there was also someone who disagreed. Ardent and brave Lieutenant Vulich. He called for trying reasoning about the destiny of man. The lieutenant said that if the die was cast, then a pistol shot would not kill him and offered a bet. Only one person agreed, it was Pechorin.

At the same moment, Vulich took the pistol, reloaded it and fired. But the weapon ricocheted. At the same moment, Pechorin notices death on his face and reports that he will die today. The next shot made a large hole in the hat hanging on the wall. Then Pechorin doubted his words. After some time, everyone disperses. When Pechorin heads home, he is still thinking about the words he said to the lieutenant and continues to believe in them. On the way, he sees the carcass of a chopped up pig, and people were looking for a drunken Cossack. In the morning, Pechorin is informed that Vulich was stabbed to death by that same Cossack.

By nature, Pechorin himself was a fatalist. So when such an opportunity presented itself, he himself decided to find out his fate. The lieutenant's killer locked himself in a house on the outskirts. When he was distracted, Pechorin climbed through the window. The Cossack began to defend himself and shoot, but Pechorin managed to escape unscathed. When he returned to the fortress, he immediately reported this story to Maxim Maksimovich. After listening to the story, he replied that this often happens with pistols, and then continued, apparently, this is the fate of Vulich.

In "Fatalist" a certain night picture in the hero’s thoughts about the comparability of stars and the destinies of people, it seems to turn into a “universal” one. Looming lyrical digression, which transmits philosophical meaning the image of Pechorin and the story “Fatalist” as an epilogue to the novel.

Option 2

In the chapter of the novel "Fatalist" everything characters unite around the main character. This chapter, Pechorin’s diary, helps to most accurately understand all his actions. Pechorin does not agree with society, he opposes it, but he cannot rebel against it.

Pechorin remains true to his principles, no matter what. At a time when his friends ask Vulich to put down the pistol, Pechorin suggests either putting down the pistol or shooting himself. After tragic events In the evening we observe interesting reflections of the main character of the novel. Yes, he admits his guilt, but from the words of his comrades. Reflecting further, he comes to the conclusion that today's generation of youth is just pitiful descendants, unable to think, feel, or act. It’s as if they are wandering the earth with the thought of an inevitable end. He seemed to reproach the younger generation for their inaction. But he himself is entirely under the power of fate.

During Pechorin’s time, many people, due to the impossibility of explaining this or that event, were fatalists and believed in the inevitability of fate. In view of which all public life seemed useless and meaningless. Lermontov in the novel, but mainly in the chapter “Fatalist,” wanted to emphasize that in addition to fate, there is also the will of man. This is how he tried to portray Pechorin. He tests his fate, rushing towards death, and defeats it. It is simply necessary to fight and resist. He acted, but as if according to a planned plan of events, for verification or comparison. Going on a trip, Pechorin dropped the phrase: “Perhaps I’ll die somewhere!” Knowingly preparing yourself for the inevitable, and no matter under what circumstances. After all, physically Pechorin is absolutely healthy, but his soul was terminally ill.

Pechorin hates everyone around him. Causes pain just like that, without reason, even to the closest people. The hero's selfish nature brings only tears and death. He is able to live in his individualism, such a society is a burden to him. He never sacrifices his principles, his views, while he easily sacrifices those around him. Such actions of his are committed not out of spiritual malice, but because of the struggle within himself. We see him tormented by his own ego. It is very difficult for Pechorin himself to live with such views that tear him apart. But at the same time, he is not ready to sacrifice his personal principles.

Lermontov showed us not an egoist fatalist, but raised him deeply philosophical theme about the purpose of man on earth.

Analysis 3

The place of the individual in society has always worried writers and poets different eras. Many works are devoted to this topic. Examples of searching for an answer to the question posed can be traced in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov. The novel “A Hero of Our Time” is no exception.

The main character of the novel, Pechorin, is looking for the meaning of life, he constantly tests fate and cannot decide on his place in society. The novel consists of five parts, the last of which, The Fatalist, sums up the entire narrative. All chapters of the novel represent a separate storyline they can be considered as independent works. What unites them all is the main character.

Lermontov consistently leads the reader to the final part of the novel through previous chapters, which provide an opportunity to understand the character and moral image of the hero. Logical conclusion The narrative became Pechorin's philosophical and moral reasoning about the meaning of life and the justification of his actions. At first sight clever man, the hero completely relies on fate. He believes that the life path a person’s life is dictated by fate and cannot be changed.

The chapter consists classically of an exposition, a main part and a finale. It begins with a dispute between officers about the pattern of fate. Conventionally, the dispute sets the author the task of showing whether a person’s hour of death is predetermined by fate, whether the hero is responsible for his reckless actions, playing with death. Vulich tries to prove to Grigory about the real existence of fate; on a dare, he grabs the first pistol he comes across and shoots himself in the head. The gun misfired, which, in his opinion, clearly proves the existence of fate. Pechorin saw Vulich’s approaching death in the shot, but he shot again, thereby showing the hero’s vain warnings.

When Pechorin learns about the death of an officer at the hands of a drunken Cossack, he reaffirms his belief about the existence of signs of fate, regardless of a person’s behavior and his actions. The difference between the main character and dead friend– this is not without his whole game with death.

The main part of the chapter “Fatalist” is the main character testing his fate. He, being on the brink of death, was able to neutralize the criminal under targeted shots from his friend’s killer. Here again fortune turned its face to Gregory, who began to think about whether it was worth risking his life for no reason and whether everything depended on fate.

Final part novel-reflection the hero about his life, which passed without a goal and wasted on trifles. Pechorin turned out to be extra person for the society of that time, he understands this, his soul is empty.

An interesting ring device is used by M.Yu. Lermontov in the ideological plot line of the work. The novel ends where it began in the fortress. The author seems to emphasize the possibility of a repeat development of the event.

The chapter “Fatalist” is a dedication to the new generation. In it, Lermontov shows his attitude towards the hero, masterfully building the plot and leading him to philosophical theory Pechorina. The reader's attitude towards the main character may be ambiguous, but one thing is clear: Lermontov is a psychologist of the human soul.

Beauty is a dual concept, if we take into account human beauty. After all, outwardly a person can be beautiful, that is, attractive in appearance.

Pechorin lives in a Cossack village for two weeks. The officers had a tradition of meeting every evening and playing cards. One day after the game, they began to discuss one of the Muslim beliefs, which says that all events that happen to a person are destined in heaven.

One major began to claim that this was nonsense, because no one had seen the list with the fates of all the people.

At this moment, one of the officers, Lieutenant Vulich, stood up and approached the table. He was known as a man who loved excitement, but was also very secretive.

Vulich told officers that he agreed with this belief, and if he was truly destined to die today, he would die. He took a gun from the major’s room and offered everyone a bet. He brought it to his temple and pulled the trigger, but nothing happened. Then he shot at the major's cap and smoke filled the room. But Pechorin tells Vulich that the mark of death is on his face. Soon everyone goes home.

The next day, the officers learn of the tragic news: Vulich was killed by a rebellious Cossack who fled from the village.

When capturing the Cossack, Pechorin also decided to try his luck: he went to the window of the house where the fugitive Cossack was hiding and soon captured him without any casualties. By this he confirmed that what was written in his family will happen to a person.

Read a detailed summary of the chapter Fatalist

The action takes place in the village where Grigory Pechorin arrived for two weeks. Often the officers played Boston, talked and drank. One day, the officers were visiting the old major, discussing the topic of predestination and fate in people's lives, telling incidents from life that confirmed or denied the existence of something unearthly that is capable of guiding people.

One of the major’s guests was officer Vulich, whose appearance coincided with his character: he was brave and secretive, cold and calm, and did not like to confide his feelings and thoughts to people. He had a passion for excitement, for the game, although he often suffered failures: once he almost died during an expedition, when the shelling began, he did not leave the place of the game, he was so interested in it. And so, the fearless Vulich proposed a dispute: to test the existence of fate on him himself, to find out whether there is a fatal moment that can be predicted. The dispute began on the fact that Vulich should shoot himself in the head, and if everything is predetermined, then he will not die. Pechorin agreed to the bet, saying that there is no predestination.

To test the hypothesis, the officer removed the pistol from the wall, pulled the trigger, and... the shot did not fire, but, nevertheless, Pechorin discovered the mark of death on the young face. Grigory informed him about this, saying that he would certainly die today, but Vulich took the chervonets and grinned smugly. Everyone began to go home, reproaching Pechorin for his selfishness.

Pechorin himself, returning home, walked and tirelessly thought how insignificant, arrogant and pitiful a person is in such a situation. big world, it was interesting and funny for him to remember what people said about fate and celestial bodies. Having accidentally stumbled upon a pig cut by a saber, Pechorin wandered on, but then he heard the voices of two Cossacks. They told Gregory that their Cossack friend, who was clearly drunk, was chasing a pig. Waking up the next morning, people bring him terrible news: Lieutenant Vulich was cut “from shoulder to heart” by that same drunken Cossack. Being in his death throes, the lieutenant said only two words, “He’s right!”, and only Pechorin understood what they meant: he predicted the fate of the young Serb.

The killer, Cossack Efimych, sat at home and tried to remember what he had done yesterday. A crowd of people gathered near his hut, the screaming crowd asked him to leave the house and submit. His mother's expressive eyes expressed deep despair and sadness. Pechorin, deciding to try his luck, ordered the esauls to take their places and began to watch the killer. The second one started shooting and almost hit Pechorin, but Grigory grabbed the criminal, and Efimych was taken away under escort. Everyone dispersed, congratulating Pechorin, and he thought deeply about how not to become a fatalist in such situations, and came to the conclusion that one must always act wisely and decisively. Returning to the fortress, Grigory told the story to Maxim Maksimych. He just grinned and threw out a phrase about the ordinariness of the incident with a pistol, and, saying that it was evident in poor Vulich’s family that it was written like that.

The title of the story “Fatalist” refers to Maxim Maksimych, who believed in predestination and did not understand Pechorin’s thoughts. Maxim Maksimych, being very narrow-minded and incapable of thinking broadly, did not understand what Grigory Alexandrovich wanted to convey to him with his story. The phrase “he does not like metaphysical debates” means that the old staff captain does not know and does not understand the basis of the dispute about fate and predestination: he sees only one side, he is “for” the existence of predestination, not seeing other reasons for the origin of the world. That is why Pechorin finds it difficult and boring to talk to him, much less argue about metaphysics.

Picture or drawing Fatalist

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Lermontov worked on his novel throughout 1838. The novel was published only two years later. In “Hero of Our Time,” the poet continues to develop the same idea that formed the basis of the “Duma” poems, namely: why people with enormous life potential and energy, do not find worthy use for it? By describing the life of Pechorin, the main character of the novel, Lermontov tries to illuminate this issue.

“The Fatalist” is the fifth part of the novel “A Hero of Our Time”, at the same time, like the other four parts, it is quite like independent work. The image of the main character is the unifying link of these parts. All the characters are united around him.

If in the first two parts - “Bela”, “Maksim Maksimych” - Maksim Maksimych and the author himself talk about the hero, then the next three parts, including “Fatalist”, are Pechorin’s diary. As such, they help to understand the reasons for the hero’s actions. If in four parts the author shows social environment as a sculptor of character and moral character Pechorin, then in “Fatalist” Lermontov is interested in whether he can critically thinking man, well aware of the flaws of his society, rebel against them. From the point of view of fatalists, this is useless, because it is impossible to avoid what is destined to be, because the world is ruled by fate, or fate.

Initially, the hero also thought so, especially after the death of Vulich. He recklessly strives to try his luck, believing that what is written in his family cannot be avoided. But every time, emerging victorious from the most dangerous situations thanks to my mind, sober calculation and fearlessness, he began to doubt whether it was fate? Or maybe it doesn’t exist at all? Since Pechorin’s nature is characterized by skepticism, pushing him to doubt everything, he cannot come to a final conclusion on this matter. But he is sure of only one thing: whether destiny exists or not, a person in all situations must show willpower and determination.

The author, at every opportunity, focuses on how Pechorin is always disdainful secular society and is alienated from it, he is bored there. He is an active nature, and in the society to which he belongs, all activity is aimed at petty intrigues and idle talk, external pomposity. In this society there is no real selfless love, no friendship, no normal relationships between people. But is he ready to rebel against such a society? Apparently not, otherwise he wouldn’t have run away from him. His struggle is petty, as it manifests itself when meeting individual representatives of the world, and therefore has no future. Later, the hero himself understands this, admitting that in this struggle he exhausted all his mental strength necessary for real life. By real life he means a life spent in noble service to society.

Pechorin is a representative younger generation 30s of the XIX century. Through him, Lermontov condemns this generation for their inability to serve high goals.

Gregory foresaw his death and was surprised when, shooting from a loaded pistol, he remained alive. Was it really a mistake? How could this happen, because he clearly saw the stamp of death on his face. Pechorin returned home in deep thought. Near the house, the reflections were interrupted by officers who suddenly appeared and reported the news of Vulich’s death. This is predestination. He knew that Vulich was not a tenant and was now convinced that he was right.

Deciding to try own destiny, Pechorin goes to the killer’s house, relying on cold calculation, courage and clear consistent actions, which saved him more than once difficult situations. Grigory immediately assessed the situation. Noticed the slightest nuances further development events. Seeing the Cossack killer, he noted his unhealthy appearance, madness in his gaze, panic at the sight of blood. He is a madman ready to die, but not surrender to the police. Then he decides to capture the killer alone. A great opportunity to play roulette with fate.

He managed to capture the killer and remain unharmed. He was lucky again. He remains alive again. So is there destiny or does it all depend on the person. Returning to the fortress, he shares his thoughts with Maxim Maksimych. Another in his place would definitely have become a fatalist, but not Pechorin. After reflecting on this topic, Gregory came to the final conclusion that man

“always moves forward more boldly when he does not know what awaits him.”

This chapter is Pechorin’s thoughts about himself and his actions. His character requires him to take decisive actions and fight, but he is not ready to rebel against reality. There is nothing real in the society to which he belongs. His fight against him has no meaning and no future. In this fight he wasted all his mental strength. Morally devastated, he realizes that he has no strength left for real life.

In his notes, Pechorin admits:

“Why did I live? For what purpose was I born? And it’s true that it existed, and it’s true that I had a high purpose, because I feel immense strength in my soul; but I did not guess this purpose. I was carried away by the lures of empty and ungrateful passions; I came out of their crucible, hard and cold as iron, but I lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations for a better color of life...”

Restless, aimlessly existing, spiritually devastated, he became superfluous in this society and at this time.

"(the first four: "Bela", "Maksim Maksimych", "Taman", "Princess Mary").

At an officer's party, where Pechorin was present, there was a conversation about the Muslim belief that a person's fate is written in heaven (this is fatalism - the belief in the unshakable predestination of fate, that you cannot escape fate). Serb lieutenant Vulich, known for his strange, silent character, suddenly offered to bet on money, promising that he would now try on himself whether a person can arbitrarily dispose of his life, or whether a fateful moment is assigned to everyone in advance.

Pechorin accepted the bet, pouring two dozen ducats onto the table. Nobody knew exactly how Vulich was going to arrange his unusual experience. Looking around, the Serb took one of the pistols hanging from the wall from the wall. Not knowing whether there was a bullet in the pistol, he poured gunpowder into it.

Everyone froze. Watching Vulich’s hypnotizing, mysterious gaze, Pechorin involuntarily said: “You will die today!” Among the old warriors there was a prevailing belief that often on the face of a man who was to die in a few hours there was the imprint of an inevitable fate. Pechorin thought he noticed it at Vulich’s place.

But he calmly put the pistol to his temple, telling Pechorin: “Throw one of the cards up.” Pechorin tossed the ace of hearts. At the moment when the ace fell on the table, Vulich pulled the trigger - and there was a misfire!

Illustration for the story “Fatalist” by M. Yu. Lermontov. Artist V. Polyakov

Everyone breathed a sigh of relief. To check whether the pistol was still loaded, the Serb fired it again - at the cap hanging above the window. A shot rang out and the cap was pierced through. There was a bullet in the gun! Those present were numb.

Having won the bet, Vulich took Pechorin’s money. “Still, it seemed to me that you must certainly die today,” he said again, and for some reason Vulich became embarrassed by these words.

The officers dispersed. Pechorin wandered thoughtfully in the dark towards the house - and suddenly came across a pig cut in half. Two Cossacks immediately ran up, saying: one of their comrades, known for his violent temper, got drunk and just ran out into the street, waving a saber. Apparently he killed the pig. The Cossacks went on to look for the brawler.

Arriving home, Pechorin went to bed, but was soon awakened by a knock on the window. Three officers stood at the porch, shouting: “Vulich is killed!” He was walking down the street, met that same Cossack with a saber, stopped and asked who he was looking for. "You!" - the Cossack answered and cut Vulich from the shoulder almost to the heart. Before his death, the Serb managed to say: “He’s right!” Pechorin realized that these words applied to him.

The killer locked himself in an empty house. She was surrounded, but he did not want to give up and threatened to chop and shoot anyone who tried to enter him. The Cossacks thought to shoot at the window of the hut, but Pechorin suggested: “I’ll try to take him alive.”

Lermontov. Fatalist. Audiobook

They began to distract the killer with persuasion through the door. At this time, Pechorin quickly tore off the shutter and jumped into the hut upside down. The criminal's bullet whistled past his ear, but once on the floor, he managed to grab the killer by the arms. The Cossacks who knocked down the door tied him up.

“After all this, how can one not become a fatalist? But how often do we mistake for a belief a deception of the senses or an error of reason!..”

Pechorin told Maxim Maksimych about everything. In response, the simple old man just shook his head: “These Asian triggers often misfire if they are poorly lubricated or if you don’t press it firmly with your finger... But it’s a pity for the poor guy... The devil pulled him to talk to a drunk at night!..”