Summary of a lesson on literature “Genius and villainy are two incompatible things” (based on A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”). From the history of the creation of “Little Tragedies”

Goals:

Methodical techniques: mini-lecture, conversation, student messages, working with the text of a work of art, viewing slides on the topic of the lesson.

Organizational forms: frontal (teacher lecture, conversation, viewing slides), group (text analysis), individual ( problematic issue, testing).

Materials for the lesson: text of the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”, slide presentation on the topic of the lesson, lesson work cards ( Annex 1), task cards for group work ( appendix 2), tests to control knowledge on the topic of the lesson ( Appendix 3).

During the classes

I. Org. moment

(soundbite)

II. Topic and purpose of the lesson

lesson topic message; problematic issue; goal setting (discussion in groups, filling out a work card).

III. Explanation of new material

1. From the history of the creation of “Little Tragedies”

(teacher’s lecture with elements of conversation is accompanied by a slide presentation)

In 1830, in Boldino, Pushkin wrote four plays: “ Stingy Knight", "Mozart and Salieri", "The Stone Guest", "Feast during the Plague".

In the letter, Pushkin said that he had brought “several dramatic scenes or small tragedies.”

The plays began to be called “Little Tragedies.” They are really small in volume and have a small number of scenes and characters. “Dramatic Scenes”, “Dramatic Essays”, “Dramatic Studies” - these were the names I wanted to give to my plays, emphasizing their difference from traditional ones.

“Little tragedies” are characterized by fast development action, acute dramatic conflict, the depth of penetration into the psychology of the characters covered strong passion, true picture characters distinguished by their versatility, individual and typical traits.

“Little Tragedies” shows the all-consuming passions or vices of a person:

pride that despises everyone; greed that does not allow a person to think even a minute about the spiritual; envy leading to crime; gluttony, not knowing any fasting, combined with passionate attachment to various amusements; anger causing terrible destructive actions.

The Miserly Knight reflects the Middle Ages Western Europe, the life and customs of a knight's castle, shows the power of gold over the human soul.

In “The Stone Guest,” the old Spanish legend about Don Juan, who lives only for himself and does not take into account moral standards, is developed in a new way; courage, dexterity, wit - he directed all these qualities to satisfy his desires in the pursuit of pleasure.

"Feast in Time of Plague" - philosophical reflection about human behavior in the face of danger of death.

2. Theme of the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”

– What theme is revealed in the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”? (In “Mozart and Salieri” the destructive power of envy was revealed.)

Subject - artistic creativity and envy as an all-consuming passion for a person’s soul, leading him to villainy. Preserved original title tragedy "Envy", which largely determines its theme.

3. Legend and facts of the life of Mozart and Salieri.

(student messages)

The heroes of the tragedy are real people: Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) and Italian composer, conductor, teacher Antonio Salieri (1750-1825).

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music from the age of five. At fourteen he became a court musician in Salzburg. Then he lived and worked in Vienna. He visited Italy and was elected a member of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna. In 1787, the first performance of his opera Don Giovanni took place in Prague. IN next year it was staged in Vienna, Salieri was present here.

The high harmony, grace, nobility, and humanistic orientation of Mozart’s works were noted by his contemporaries. Critics wrote that his music “is full of light, peace and spiritual clarity, as if earthly suffering awakened only one Divine side of this man, and if at times the shadow of sorrow flashes, then in it one can see the peace of mind arising from complete submission to Providence.” Mozart's music is distinctive and original. He created 628 works, including 17 operas: “The Marriage of Figaro”, “Don Giovanni”, “The Magic Flute”, etc.

"Requiem" - a work that Mozart was working on before his death, remained unfinished.

Requiem - funeral vocal or vocal-instrumental musical composition. (Soundbite)

With premature early death Mozart is associated with the legend of his poisoning by Salieri, who since 1766 lived and worked in Vienna, was a court chamber conductor and composer of Italian opera in Vienna. Then he went to Paris, where he became close to the composer Gluck and became his student and follower. Returning to Vienna, he took up the position of court conductor. Salieri's students were L. van Beethoven, F. Liszt, F. Schubert. Salieri wrote 39 operas: “Tarar”, “Falstaff” ( comic opera) and etc.

The version that Salieri allegedly poisoned Mozart has no exact confirmation and remains a legend. It is based on a statement circulated in the German press that Salieri confessed on his deathbed to the sin of murdering Mozart.

– Why did you become interested in the legend of Mozart’s poisoning? (The legend of Mozart’s poisoning interested Pushkin because it allowed him to reveal psychological reasons the birth of envy in a person’s soul, leading him to irreconcilable conflict and crime. Historical figures, documentary facts acquired an artistic generalization from life.)

4. Heroes of tragedy

(work in groups)

Mozart is a composer who enjoys fame and glory. As a person, he considers the Divine world order reasonable and fair. He accepts earthly life with its joys and sufferings, comprehends high ideals coming from God. Mozart is a genius, he was chosen by heaven to convey to people in the harmony of music goodness and beauty as enduring, eternal values.

Salieri recognizes Mozart's genius.

Salieri

What depth!
What courage and what harmony!
You, Mozart, are a god, and you don’t know it yourself;
I know I am.

Mozart himself understands that there are few servants of beauty on earth, if everyone were given the gift of creativity,

then I couldn't
And the world to exist; no one would
Take care of the needs of low life;
Everyone would indulge in free art.

Realizing his gift, Mozart feels like an ordinary mortal. To Salieri, who called him god, he jokingly replies:

Bah! right? May be...
But my deity got hungry.

Cheerful, carefree from the immensity of his talent, deeply humane Mozart creates his works easily, as if they arise by themselves. This is not the result of hard work and knowledge of technical techniques, but Divine gift- genius. At the same time, he does not hide the fact that his works are the fruits of “insomnia, light inspirations”:

Salieri

What did you bring me?

Mozart

No - yes; trifle. The other night
My insomnia tormented me.
And two or three thoughts came to my mind.
Today I sketched them. I wanted
I need to hear your opinion...

Life and art for Mozart are a single whole. A true artist, he creates not for personal gain, “despicable benefit,” but for the sake of art itself. A true artist gives himself to art without demanding fame in return - this is Mozart’s point of view. His music is popular, this is evidenced by its performance by a blind violinist from a tavern; he cannot see the notes and memorized both it and other works of the composer by ear. In the tavern, the violinist performed Cherubino’s aria from the opera The Marriage of Figaro, and at Salieri’s, an aria from the opera Don Giovanni. The inaccurate performance makes Mozart laugh; he does not feel contempt for the old man, but thanks him for his work.

Mozart is troubled by a gloomy premonition; his black man is the personification of death. He does not connect his anxiety with Salieri, whom he considers his friend and a brilliant composer. And this is quite understandable: Mozart does not know envy and is not capable of villainy. He is convinced that “the chosen one of heaven - a genius who demonstrates in his art examples of perfection, high ideals - cannot commit a crime:

Mozart

He's a genius.
Like you and me. And genius and villainy -
Two things are incompatible. Isn't it true?

“Note: Mozart not only does not reject the title of genius offered to him by others, but he himself calls himself a genius, at the same time calling Salieri a genius. This shows amazing good nature and carelessness: for Mozart the word “genius” doesn’t matter; tell him that he is a genius, he will agree with it; start proving to him that he is not a genius at all, he will agree with this, and in both cases equally sincerely. In the person of Mozart, Pushkin presented a type of spontaneous genius that manifests itself without effort, without counting on success, without at all suspecting its own greatness. It cannot be said that all geniuses are like this; but such people are especially unbearable for talents like Salieri,” he wrote in the eleventh article “On the Work of Pushkin.”

Salieri also belongs to the world of art, he too famous composer. But his attitude to the Divine world order is different from that of Mozart:

Everyone says: there is no truth on earth.
But there is no truth – and beyond. For me
So it's clear, like a simple scale.

With these words of Salieri the tragedy begins. They express his opposition to the Divine world order, his conflict with life. Serving art, Salieri set the goal of achieving fame, he loves art and does not like life, he isolated himself from it, began to study only music:

Salieri

I rejected idle amusements early;
Sciences alien to music were
Forgive me; stubborn and arrogant
I renounced them and surrendered
One music.<...>
Craft
I set the foundation for art...

In his music, “harmony” was verified by “algebra”; mortified music was dissected like a corpse. In other words, it was created on the basis of ownership technical methods. Salieri did not understand what was genuine piece of art It is impossible to construct it purely technically; it is always the fruit of inspiration given from above. He became a follower of Gluck and through hard work finally achieved recognition and glory, therefore he considers serving art his feat and treats the uninitiated with contempt, rising above them, considering them artisans.

Why is an irreconcilable envy of Mozart born in Salieri’s soul, as he himself says about it? Salieri realized that Mozart was endowed with God's gift, and could not accept that this gift was given to an ordinary person, “an idle reveler,” and not him, a tireless worker. He envies his friend's genius. Some researchers believe that his words comparing the envious person to a snake reflect the understanding of envy as a demonic obsession, for the snake is one of the forms of Satan. This is how Salieri’s irreconcilable conflicts with the world order and with Mozart are connected. Salieri takes upon himself the right to correct, as it seems to him, the injustice of heaven.

He realizes that Mozart's music is immortal and, trying to find an excuse for his crime, more and more reveals his evil nature as a person and mediocrity as a composer. He talks about his “dumb” glory, about the fact that he belongs to the “children of the dust.” For many years he carries poison, which was a “gift of love,” and sends it into the “cup of friendship.”

Salieri, having poisoned Mozart, listens to him play and cries. But it is not the harmony of music, as Mozart thinks, that touches the killer: now there will be no friend and he will feel like a genius. The crime has been accomplished, but there is no peace in Salieri’s soul:

You'll fall asleep
Long live, Mozart! But is he right?
And I'm not a genius? Genius and villainy
Two things are incompatible.

IV. Lesson summary.

answer to a problematic question (individually)

Mozart was convinced of this eternal, enduring truth; he is a genius. Salieri, who committed the murder, is a villain. This is how it reveals itself ideological meaning tragedy.

filling out a work card

V. Homework

1. How can you fight such a feeling as envy? (write your recipes)

2 . ABOUTanswer to the question “What life lessons does studying the classics give us? (using the example of the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”)

List of used literature and materials:

1. "Mozart and Salieri"

2. Pushkin at school. A manual for teachers, students, and high school students. Comp. . – M.: ROST, 1999

3. – Study of the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”. Materials for the lesson. X grade // Literature lessons, 2005. - No. 6. – P.7

Subject: Russian literature class 6 7 lessons: 19-20

Topic: A.S. Pushkin. "Mozart and Salieri." The moral idea of tragedy.

RR: Analysis dramatic works

Goals:

creating conditions for a problematic analysis of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin “Mozart and Salieri”, improving skills in working with the text of a work of art;

development of mental activity, analytical skills and abilities;

formation of positive moral orientations.

Methodical techniques: mini-lecture, conversation, student messages, working with the text of a work of art, viewing slides on the topic of the lesson.

Organizational forms:frontal (teacher lecture, conversation, viewing slides), group (text analysis), individual (problem question, testing).

Materials for the lesson:text of the tragedy by A.S. Pushkin “Mozart and Salieri”, , lesson work cards ( ), task cards for group work ( ), tests to control knowledge on the topic of the lesson ( ).

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

(soundbite)

II. Topic and purpose of the lesson

lesson topic message;

problematic issue;

goal setting (discussion in groups, filling out a work card).

III. Explanation of new material

1. From the history of the creation of “Little Tragedies”

(teacher’s lecture with elements of conversation is accompanied by a slide presentation)

In 1830, in Boldino, Pushkin wrote four plays: “The Miserly Knight”, “Mozart and Salieri”, “The Stone Guest”, “A Feast during the Plague”.

In a letter to P.A. Pushkin reported to Pletnev that he had brought “several dramatic scenes or small tragedies.”

The plays began to be called “Little Tragedies.” They are really small in volume and have a small number of scenes and characters. “Dramatic scenes”, “Dramatic essays”, “Dramatic studies” - these are the names A.S. wanted to give his plays. Pushkin, emphasizing their difference from traditional ones.

“Little Tragedies” is characterized by rapid development of action, acute dramatic conflict, depth of penetration into the psychology of heroes gripped by strong passion, and a truthful portrayal of characters distinguished by their versatility, individual and typical traits.

“Little Tragedies” shows the all-consuming passions or vices of a person:

pride that despises everyone;

greed that does not allow a person to think even a minute about the spiritual;

envy leading to crime;

gluttony, not knowing any fasting, combined with passionate attachment to various amusements;

anger causing terrible destructive actions.

“The Miserly Knight” reflects the Middle Ages of Western Europe, the life and customs of a knight’s castle, and shows the power of gold over the human soul.

“A Feast in Time of Plague” is a philosophical reflection on human behavior in the face of the danger of death.

2. Theme of the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”

– What theme is revealed in the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”? (In “Mozart and Salieri” the destructive power of envy was revealed.)

The theme is artistic creativity and envy as an all-consuming passion for a person’s soul, leading him to villainy. The original name of the tragedy “Envy” has been preserved, which largely determines its theme.

3. Legend and facts of the life of Mozart and Salieri.

(student messages)

The heroes of the tragedy are real people: the Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) and the Italian composer, conductor, teacher Antonio Salieri (1750-1825).

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music from the age of five. At fourteen he became a court musician in Salzburg. Then he lived and worked in Vienna. He visited Italy and was elected a member of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna. In 1787, the first performance of his opera Don Giovanni took place in Prague. The following year it was staged in Vienna, with Salieri present.

"Requiem" - a work that Mozart was working on before his death, remained unfinished.

Requiem is a mournful vocal or vocal-instrumental musical work. (Soundbite)

The legend of his poisoning by Salieri, who lived and worked in Vienna since 1766, was a court chamber conductor and composer of Italian opera in Vienna, is connected with Mozart’s premature, early death. Then he went to Paris, where he became close to the composer Gluck and became his student and follower. Returning to Vienna, he took up the position of court conductor. Salieri's students were L. van Beethoven, F. Liszt, F. Schubert. Salieri wrote 39 operas: “Tarar”, “Falstaff” (comic opera), etc.

– Why A.S. Was Pushkin interested in the legend of Mozart's poisoning? (The legend of Mozart’s poisoning interested Pushkin because it made it possible to reveal the psychological reasons for the birth of envy in a person’s soul, leading him to irreconcilable conflict and crime. Historical figures and documentary facts from life acquired an artistic generalization.)

4. Heroes of tragedy

(WORK IN GROUPS)

MOZART IS A COMPOSER OF FAMOUS AND GLORY. As a person, he considers the Divine world order reasonable and fair. He accepts earthly life with its joys and sufferings, comprehends high ideals coming from God. Mozart is a genius, he was chosen by heaven to convey to people in the harmony of music goodness and beauty as enduring, eternal values.

Salieri recognizes Mozart's genius.

Salieri

What depth!
What courage and what harmony!
You, Mozart, are a god, and you don’t know it yourself;
I know I am.

Mozart himself understands that there are few servants of beauty on earth, if everyone were given the gift of creativity,

then I couldn't
And the world to exist; no one would
Take care of the needs of low life;
Everyone would indulge in free art.

Realizing his gift, Mozart feels like an ordinary mortal. To Salieri, who called him god, he jokingly replies:

Bah! right? May be...
But my deity got hungry.

Cheerful, carefree from the immensity of his talent, deeply humane Mozart creates his works easily, as if they arise by themselves. This is not the result of hard work and knowledge of technical techniques, but a Divine gift - genius. At the same time, he does not hide the fact that his works are the fruits of “insomnia, light inspirations”:

Salieri

What did you bring me?

Mozart

No - yes; trifle. The other night
My insomnia tormented me.
And two or three thoughts came to my mind.
Today I sketched them. I wanted
I need to hear your opinion...

Mozart

He's a genius.
Like you and me. And genius and villainy -
Two things are incompatible. Isn't it true?

“Note: Mozart not only does not reject the title of genius offered to him by others, but he himself calls himself a genius, at the same time calling Salieri a genius. This shows amazing good nature and carelessness: for Mozart the word “genius” doesn’t matter; tell him that he is a genius, he will agree with it; start proving to him that he is not a genius at all, he will agree with this, and in both cases equally sincerely. In the person of Mozart, Pushkin presented a type of spontaneous genius that manifests itself without effort, without counting on success, without at all suspecting its own greatness. It cannot be said that all geniuses are like this; but such people are especially unbearable for talents like Salieri,” wrote V.G. Belinsky in the eleventh article “On the Work of Pushkin”.

Salieri also belongs to the world of art, he is also a famous composer. But his attitude to the Divine world order is different from that of Mozart:

Everyone says: there is no truth on earth.
But there is no truth – and beyond. For me
So it's clear, like a simple scale.

Salieri

I rejected idle amusements early;
Sciences alien to music were
Forgive me; stubborn and arrogant
I renounced them and surrendered
One music.<...>
Craft
I set the foundation for art...

In his music, “harmony” was verified by “algebra”; mortified music was dissected like a corpse. In other words, it was created on the basis of mastery of technical techniques. Salieri did not understand that a true work of art cannot be constructed purely technically; it is always the fruit of inspiration given from above. He became a follower of Gluck and through hard work finally achieved recognition and glory, therefore he considers serving art his feat and treats the uninitiated with contempt, rising above them, considering them artisans.

Why is an irreconcilable envy of Mozart born in Salieri’s soul, as he himself says about it? Salieri realized that Mozart was endowed with God's gift, and could not accept that this gift was given to an ordinary person, an “idle reveler,” and not to him, a tireless worker. He envies his friend's genius. Some researchers believe that his words comparing the envious person to a snake reflect the understanding of envy as a demonic obsession, for the snake is one of the forms of Satan. This is how Salieri’s irreconcilable conflicts with the world order and with Mozart are connected. Salieri takes upon himself the right to correct, as it seems to him, the injustice of heaven.

You'll fall asleep
Long live, Mozart! But is he right?
And I'm not a genius? Genius and villainy
Two things are incompatible.

IV. Lesson summary.

answer to a problematic question (individually)

Mozart was convinced of this eternal, enduring truth; he is a genius. Salieri, who committed the murder, is a villain. This is how the ideological meaning of A.S.’s tragedy is revealed. Pushkin.

filling out a work card

V. Homework

1. How can you fight such a feeling as envy? (write your recipes)

2 . ABOUT The answer to the question “What life lessons does studying the classics teach us?” (using the example of A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”)

List of used literature and materials:

A.S. Pushkin “Mozart and Salieri”

Pushkin at school. A manual for teachers, students, and high school students. Comp. V.Ya.Korovina. – M.: ROST, 1999

Kalganova T.A. – Study of A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri.” Materials for the lesson. X grade // Literature lessons, 2005. - No. 6. – P.7

Department of Education of the Makeevka City Administration

Makeevka secondary schoolІ – ІІІ steps No. 60

Literature lesson in 9th grade

“Genius and villainy are two incompatible things”

(based on A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”)

Prepared

Bakaeva Galina Nikolaevna,

literature teacher

Makeevka

2015 – 2016 academic year

Subject: “Genius and villainy are two incompatible things”

The purpose of the lesson: get acquainted with the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin "Mozart and Salieri"

Tasks:

creating conditions for a problematic analysis of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin “Mozart and Salieri”, improving skills in working with the text of a work of art;

development of mental activity, analytical skills and abilities;

formation of positive moral orientations.

Lesson type: A lesson in mastering new knowledge with elements of comparative analysis.

Equipment:

Reproduction of a portrait of A.S. Pushkin

Power point presentation

Forms for monitoring the assimilation of knowledge by students with low level knowledge

Video fragment from the film “Amadeus” by Milos Forman

Video clips from the rock opera “Mozart” by Dov Attiyah and Albert Baron Cohen

Audio recording of Mozart’s compositions “Requiem” and “Sonata No. 6”

Audio recording of Salieri’s composition “Armonia per in templo della notte”

During the classes

I. Organizational moment:

1. Greeting;

2. Distributing forms to students who have not prepared for the lesson (Appendix 1) (fill out the form during the lesson).

II. Announcing the topic and objectives of the lesson

III. Motivation educational activities:

Teacher's word:

Mozart and Pushkin – 2 geniuses: Mozart is a genius musical art, and Pushkin - artistic.

“The sun of Russian poetry,” Belinsky wrote about Pushkin. “Eternal sunshine,” Rubinstein called Mozart.

IV. Stage of assimilation of new knowledge:

1. From the history of the creation of “Little Tragedies”

(teacher’s lecture with elements of conversation is accompanied by a presentation - Appendix 2)

In 1830, in Boldino, Pushkin wrote four plays: “The Miserly Knight”, “Mozart and Salieri”, “The Stone Guest”, “A Feast in the Time of Plague”, which formed a separate cycle “Little Tragedies”.

Entry in notebooks: A cycle is a genre formation consisting of works united general features(by composition, plot, system of images, ideological and thematic characteristics: the goal of each tragedy is to debunk some negative human quality).

“Little Tragedies” shows the all-consuming passions or vices of a person:

pride;

greed;

envy;

gluttony;

anger.

“The Miserly Knight” reflects the Middle Ages of Western Europe, the life and customs of a knight’s castle, and shows the power of gold over the human soul.

“A Feast in Time of Plague” is a philosophical reflection on human behavior in the face of the danger of death.

2. Determining the theme of the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”

– What theme is revealed in the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”? (The destructive power of envy was revealed in “Mozart and Salieri”).

3. The history of creation and the basis of the plot of the tragedy

The tragedy was written in 1830, but the idea dates back to 1826. First printed in 1831.

Pushkin based the plot on widely known rumors at the time that the famous Salieri poisoned the brilliant Mozart out of envy.

Mozart's death is shrouded in mystery. Mozart died in 1791, at the age of thirty-five, and many contemporaries were sure that he was poisoned. Salieri lived to a ripe old age, last years suffered mental disorders and more than once repented of poisoning Mozart. Despite the fact that some acquaintances of both composers and biographers of Mozart denied the possibility of this crime, the issue still remains unresolved. Gaushkin considered the fact of Mozart’s poisoning best friend Salieri established and psychologically substantiated. Antonio Salieri was at one time a famous composer who wrote quite a lot of works, and there is historical evidence that he was quite jealous of the brilliant Mozart. But it has NOT been PROVEN that Salieri poisoned Mozart, or at least that he had such an intention. What is known for certain is that Mozart died from some strange disease that caused complications on the brain, before his death he was delusional a lot and kept repeating “The Black Man” (the man who approached him on the street and ordered the “Requiem”). The main argument is Salieri’s own admission in the fall of 1823 that he poisoned Mozart, after which Salieri tried to cut his own throat with a razor. However, Salieri's confessions can also be interpreted as evidence of his innocence. According to many, Salieri was mentally ill and made his confession while delirious. If he had been in his right mind, why would he have made the fatal confession? Conscience tormented? Why did she speak to him thirty years later? extra years? And the suicide attempt itself testifies to the darkened state of mind of the composer. However, some researchers argue that the idea of suicide had matured in him for a long time, and he, of course, did not have “cloudness of mind,” as the newspapers tried to assure the public.

Salieri did not go to Mozart's funeral. And Mozart’s wife was not there either - at that moment she was very sick and could not get up. Salieri's accusers point out that Mozart was buried according to the “third category” - in a common grave with vagabonds and criminals; None of the composer's relatives or acquaintances were present at the burial of the body. This was done allegedly so that later it would be impossible to find Mozart’s graves if someone decided to carry out an exhumation. There are also objections to these arguments. Forensic toxicology as a science actually arose only in mid-19th century, and in the time of Mozart, it never occurred to the poisoners (if there were any) to fear exhumation. Well, the reason is that the participants funeral procession turned back half way, perhaps the reason is that they did not want to be present at the shameful burial of a genius. Let us note by the way that the residents of Vienna were informed about Mozart’s death only after the funeral. Now the location of Mozart's grave is unknown, and the mystery of his death will most likely never be revealed.

4. Statement of a problematic question:

- What caused the controversy about Mozart’s death?

To find out the answer to this question, you should analyze the images of composers and compare them with historical prototypes.

5. Message from a trained student about A. Salieri

Salieri was a student of the great K.V. Gluck, who even commissioned him to write in his place the opera “The Danaids” (1784) for the Paris Academy.

In total, Salieri created over 40 operas, including “Tarar” with a libretto by P. Beaumarchais, staged in Paris in 1787. Salieri’s fame as a composer grew and spread throughout Europe. Louis XVIII awarded him the Legion of Honor. In addition to operas, he wrote five masses, a requiem, a symphony, an organ concerto and two piano concertos, as well as oratorios, cantatas and motets.

In addition, Salieri gained fame as a brilliant teacher. He trained more than 60 students, including L. van Beethoven, F. Schubert, F. Liszt. In 1817, the musician became the first director of the Vienna Conservatory. Died May 7, 1825 in Vienna.

Unfortunately, Salieri's contribution to for a long time undeservedly forgotten because of the legend about his poisoning of W. A. Mozart, used by A. S. Pushkin in “Little Tragedies”.

6. Historical reference:

1) Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais is a famous French playwright and publicist.

Marie-Madeleine Franke, a 30-year-old beauty, the wife of a decrepit accounting controller in the kitchen of the French king, became infatuated with a young watchmaker. As a result, the controller gave up his position to Pierre Caron. Old man Franke dies and young Caron marries his widow. From now on, the watchmaker's son receives noble title and increases his surname with the addition he glorified - Beaumarchais. Less than a year after the wedding, on September 29, 1757, the wife dies. Enemies claim that Beaumarchais poisoned her. However, this is unlikely to be the case, since all the property goes to relatives, and Beaumarchais is again almost destitute.

2) Michelangelo Buonarroti, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico di Leonardo di Buonarroti Simoni - Italian sculptor, artist, architect, poet, thinker. One of the greatest masters of the Renaissance.

Salieri's words about Michelangelo Buonarotti remind us of quite famous legend, according to which Michelangelo, while painting one of the Vatican Cathedrals, killed the sitter in order to more believably depict the torment of the dying Christ.

7. Checking the data: quotation plan-characteristic of the image of Salieri

8. Message from a trained student about W.A. Mozart

The heroes of the tragedy are real people: the Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) and the Italian composer, conductor, teacher Antonio Salieri (1750-1825).

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music from the age of five. At fourteen he became a court musician in Salzburg. Then he lived and worked in Vienna. He visited Italy and was elected a member of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna. In 1787, the first performance of his opera Don Giovanni took place in Prague. The following year it was staged in Vienna, with Salieri present.

9. Checking the data: quotation plan-characteristic of the image of Mozart

10. Compilation comparative table"Mozart - Salieri"

11. Viewing and analyzing a video fragment:

- I bring to your attention a fragment from the film “Amadeus” by Czech-American film director Milos Forman. Your task is to answer the question: “What is the main difference between the heroes of the film and the characters of the tragedy?” (Mozart, the hero of the film, mocks Salieri, which cannot be said about the character of the tragedy).

So, A.S. Pushkin gives his heroes respect for each other, excludes ridicule and irony, which means they are not unambiguous.

12. Cross-discussion technique:

Students are divided into two groups: 1 – finds positive and negative traits Mozart, 2 – Salieri.

13. Summing up the subtotal:

- What is the difference between talent and genius?(Talent– outstanding abilities; Genius- highest creativity, inspiration)

- Which image is the embodiment of talent, and which – genius?(Salieri is talent, Mozart is genius)

14. Problematic question:

- Why is his path to perfection so difficult?

15. Listening and analyzing compositions:

1) Listening to an audio recording of Salieri’s composition “Armonia per in templo della notte”;

2) Word drawing;

3) Listening to an audio recording of Mozart’s composition “Sonata No. 6”:

- Numerous studies by scientists, doctors and psychologists around the world have proven that the music of the Austrian composer Mozart has a strong healing effect on people: it increases mental abilities, increases concentration, and beneficial influence for the treatment of a number of serious diseases, even epilepsy, helps to get rid of mental problems, improves speech and hearing. There is a known case when music gave life to the dying 78-year-old Marshal Richelieu Louis Francois de Vignerault, who, having listened to his favorite concert on his deathbed, recovered and lived for another 14 years.

4) Verbal drawing.

5) Conversation ( comparative analysis compositions).

- What sowed envy in Salieri’s soul?

16. Drawing up analytical diagrams:

1) “The Path of Salieri the Composer”;

2) “The Path of Mozart the Composer”;

3) Summing up

(Mozart was gifted from birth, but Salieri had to work hard to achieve fame)

17. Viewing and analysis of a video fragment of the rock opera “Mozart”:

1) Teacher's word:

It is a French musical produced by Dov Attiyah and Albert Baron Cohen. dedicated to history life of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. It is considered one of the most commercially successful projects among those released in 2009-2010, with more than 800,000 tickets sold. This performance was watched not only in France, but also in Belgium, Switzerland, Ukraine, Russia, Japan and Korea.

2) Comparative analysis of the characters of tragedy and rock opera:

- What they look like modern composers, according to the directors?

- Does this change the essence of the conflict between them?

3) Problematic question:

- Why is the history of the relationship between Mozart and Salieri still relevant?

V. Summing up the lesson:

1. Control of filling out forms;

2. Answer to the problematic question of the lesson:

- “Genius and villainy are two incompatible things”?

3. “Microphone” technique:

- What has the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin taught us today? (No need to envy, no need to be afraid of difficulties, need to be brave, act like a human being)

4. Assessment of student activities;

5. D/z: write an essay “What life lessons does studying the classics teach us?” (using the example of A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”).

6. Final word from the teacher:

- I would like to end our lesson in the same way as A.S. Pushkin ended his tragedy: with Mozart’s composition “Requiem.”

Requiem - 1. funeral service for Catholics; 2. a polyphonic musical work of a mourning nature for a choir and orchestra for such a service.

(Audio recording sounds).

“Mozart and Salieri” is a kind of requiem to a society that is mired in envy, gossip, and the desire for material wealth.

“There is no truth on earth...” is a verdict on a “terrible age” and “terrible hearts.” The truth will only come when humanity eradicates these vices in itself. Let's strive for the ideal. Thanks for the work!

Goals:

creating conditions for a problematic analysis of the tragedy of A.S. Pushkin “Mozart and Salieri”, improving skills in working with the text of a work of art;
development of mental activity, analytical skills and abilities;
formation of positive moral orientations.

Methodical techniques: mini-lecture, conversation, student messages, work with the text of a work of art.

Organizational forms: frontal (teacher lecture, conversation), group (text analysis), individual (problem question, testing).

During the classes

I.Organizational moment

(registration of work cards)

(soundbite)

II. Topic and purpose of the lesson

lesson topic message;
problematic issue;
goal setting (discussion in groups, filling out a work card).

III. Explanation of new material

1. From the history of the creation of “Little Tragedies”

(teacher’s lecture with elements of conversation is accompanied by a slide presentation)

In 1830, in Boldino, Pushkin wrote four plays: “The Miserly Knight”, “Mozart and Salieri”, “The Stone Guest”, “A Feast during the Plague”.

In a letter to P.A. Pushkin reported to Pletnev that he had brought “several dramatic scenes or small tragedies.”

“Little Tragedies” shows the all-consuming passions or vices of a person:

pride that despises everyone;
greed that does not allow a person to think even a minute about the spiritual;
envy leading to crime;
gluttony, not knowing any fasting, combined with passionate attachment to various amusements;
anger causing terrible destructive actions.

“The Miserly Knight” reflects the Middle Ages of Western Europe, the life and customs of a knight’s castle, and shows the power of gold over the human soul.

“A Feast in Time of Plague” is a philosophical reflection on human behavior in the face of the danger of death.

2. Theme of the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”

– What theme is revealed in the tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”? (In “Mozart and Salieri” the destructive power of envy was revealed.)

(Soundbite)

3. Legend and facts of the life of Mozart and Salieri.

(student messages)

The heroes of the tragedy are real people: the Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) and the Italian composer, conductor, teacher Antonio Salieri (1750-1825).

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer. Mozart composed music from the age of five. At fourteen he became a court musician in Salzburg. Then he lived and worked in Vienna. He visited Italy and was elected a member of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna. In 1787, the first performance of his opera Don Giovanni took place in Prague. The following year it was staged in Vienna, with Salieri present.

"Requiem" - a work that Mozart was working on before his death, remained unfinished.

Requiem is a mournful vocal or vocal-instrumental musical work. (Soundbite)

4. Heroes of tragedy

(work in groups)

Salieri recognizes Mozart's genius.

Salieri

What depth!
What courage and what harmony!
You, Mozart, are a god, and you don’t know it yourself;
I know I am.

Mozart himself understands that there are few servants of beauty on earth, if everyone were given the gift of creativity,

then I couldn't
And the world to exist; no one would
Take care of the needs of low life;
Everyone would indulge in free art.

Realizing his gift, Mozart feels like an ordinary mortal. To Salieri, who called him god, he jokingly replies:

Bah! right? May be...
But my deity got hungry.

Cheerful, carefree from the immensity of his talent, deeply humane Mozart creates his works easily, as if they arise by themselves. This is not the result of hard work and knowledge of technical techniques, but a Divine gift - genius. At the same time, he does not hide the fact that his works are the fruits of “insomnia, light inspirations”:

Salieri

What did you bring me?

Mozart

No - yes; trifle. The other night
My insomnia tormented me.
And two or three thoughts came to my mind.
Today I sketched them. I wanted
I need to hear your opinion...

Mozart

He's a genius.
Like you and me. And genius and villainy -
Two things are incompatible. Isn't it true?

“Note: Mozart not only does not reject the title of genius offered to him by others, but he himself calls himself a genius, at the same time calling Salieri a genius. This shows amazing good nature and carelessness: for Mozart the word “genius” doesn’t matter; tell him that he is a genius, he will agree with it; start proving to him that he is not a genius at all, he will agree with this, and in both cases equally sincerely. In the person of Mozart, Pushkin presented a type of spontaneous genius that manifests itself without effort, without counting on success, without at all suspecting its own greatness. It cannot be said that all geniuses are like this; but such people are especially unbearable for talents like Salieri,” wrote V.G. Belinsky in the eleventh article “On the Work of Pushkin”.

Salieri also belongs to the world of art, he is also a famous composer. But his attitude to the Divine world order is different from that of Mozart:

Everyone says: there is no truth on earth.
But there is no truth – and beyond. For me
So it's clear, like a simple scale.

Salieri

I rejected idle amusements early;
Sciences alien to music were
Forgive me; stubborn and arrogant
I renounced them and surrendered
One music.<...>
Craft
I set the foundation for art...

Why is an irreconcilable envy of Mozart born in Salieri’s soul, as he himself says about it? Salieri realized that Mozart was endowed with God's gift, and could not accept that this gift was given to an ordinary person, an “idle reveler,” and not to him, a tireless worker. He envies his friend's genius. Some researchers believe that his words comparing the envious person to a snake reflect the understanding of envy as a demonic obsession, for the snake is one of the forms of Satan. This is how Salieri’s irreconcilable conflicts with the world order and with Mozart are connected. Salieri takes upon himself the right to correct, as it seems to him, the injustice of heaven.

You'll fall asleep
Long live, Mozart! But is he right?
And I'm not a genius? Genius and villainy
Two things are incompatible.

IV. Lesson summary.

answer to a problematic question (individually)

Mozart was convinced of this eternal, enduring truth; he is a genius. Salieri, who committed the murder, is a villain. This is how the ideological meaning of A.S.’s tragedy is revealed. Pushkin.

testing
filling out a work card

V. Homework

R: work on errors (based on tests)

TO: answer to the question “What life lessons does studying the classics teach us?” (using the example of A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri”)

P: miniature essay “Are “Little Tragedies” Contemporary” by A.S. Pushkin?

List of used literature and materials:

A.S. Pushkin “Mozart and Salieri”
Pushkin at school. A manual for teachers, students, and high school students. Comp. V.Ya.Korovina. – M.: ROST, 1999
Kalganova T.A. – Study of A.S. Pushkin’s tragedy “Mozart and Salieri.” Materials for the lesson. X grade // Literature lessons, 2005. - No. 6. – P.7