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Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, famous Russian writer and playwright, was born on January 29, 1860. in Taganrog in a large family merchant family. As a child, he sang in the church choir, read a lot, and from the age of 13 he became addicted to the theater. He graduated from high school, then from the Faculty of Medicine at Moscow University, and upon graduation received the specialty of a district doctor. He began writing while still in high school and published his first collection of stories in 1884.
Chekhov loved to travel, in 1890. traveled to Sakhalin, and a little later visited Japan, China, Turkey, Austria, Italy, France. Upon his return, he acquired an estate in Melikhovo near Moscow, where he lived for almost 10 years, was actively involved in charity work and wrote his most famous works. The writer spent the last years of his life in Yalta, where he was forced to move due to worsening tuberculosis.
In 1904, Chekhov, accompanied by his wife O.L. Knepper, an actress at the Moscow Art Theater, goes for treatment to Badenweiler (Germany) and dies there on July 15 at the age of 44. He was buried in Russia in a cemetery Novodevichy Convent, and in 1933 his remains were reburied. His literary heritage amounted to more than 350 works, many of which were later translated into more than 100 foreign languages.
More biography of Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is a famous Russian writer, playwright, outstanding figure, and also a doctor by training.
The writer was born in the city of Taganrog on January 17 (29), 1860. Close relatives of Anton Pavlovich professed the Christian faith, so Chekhov often visited church holidays sang in the parish church. Received elementary education partly at home, partly at school-gymnasium. Then he studied at Moscow University at the Faculty of Medicine. As a result, he worked as a doctor in various medical institutions.
The beginning literary path It is worth considering 1884, when his first collection “Tales of Melpomene” was published. In the 90s of the 19th century, Chekhov made a trip to Sakhalin, where he was sent because local residents needed medical care and a census. The works written there, “Ward No. 6”, “Sakhalin Island”, “In Exile”, reflect the experiences and feelings of the author experienced during the trip. The works of A.P. Chekhov were influenced big influence creativity of L. Tolstoy. Chekhov signed his first works with pseudonyms such as: “The Man Without a Spleen,” “Antosha Chekhonte,” etc. It is believed that he did this because he was afraid of criticism from readers. IN later years In his life, Anton Pavlovich writes mainly plays and plays: “ The Cherry Orchard", "The Seagull", "Three Sisters". All his works always had one goal. The writer wanted to open the readers' eyes to the world of that time and ridicule the vices of many high-ranking people who were considered ideal. Many of Chekhov's works are still staged in the most famous theaters peace. It is interesting that Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is one of the most famous authors, whose plays were staged greatest number times all over the world.
A little later, Chekhov decides to go to St. Petersburg, where he meets Suvorin. They go on a joint trip to Europe. In just a couple of months, Anton Pavlovich visits Venice, Rome, Naples, Vienna, Paris, Nice.
But Chekhov was not only a writer and playwright. In 1892 - 1899 the writer bought a house on the Melikhovo estate, where he was active in charitable and social activities. Here he opens a school for peasant children, donates money for the construction of roads, plants trees, and receives many guests. He builds his own library, which he himself sponsors and replenishes with new copies. interesting books, is engaged in the construction of a new research observatory, and financially helps kindergartens and schools.
Due to illness, Chekhov moved to Yalta. There he is visited by close friends and acquaintances A. Kuprin, L. Tolstoy, I. Bunin, M. Gorky, I. Levitan.
The writer went to Germany in 1904 to undergo treatment, but due to an exacerbation of the disease, he died on July 2.
Monuments to the great playwright and humorist of the 19th century have been erected throughout Russia. Also, there is a house museum of Chekhov, where he spent his recent years life. Interestingly, a crater on Mercury and an asteroid in the asteroid belt are named after Chekhov.
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Anton Chekhov (1860-1904) is a world-famous Russian prose writer and playwright, a classic of world literature. His works have been translated into many languages of the world, and his famous dramatic plays“Three Sisters”, “The Cherry Orchard” and “The Seagull” have been successfully performed on the stage of theaters around the world for many years.
The future genius of Russian literature and drama was born in 1860, birthplace - Taganrog. Father, Pavel Chekhov, is a merchant of the third guild and the owner of a shop selling “tea, sugar, coffee and other colonial products,” mother is Evgenia Chekhov. In addition to him, there were five more children in the family (four boys and one girl). As a child, little Anton spent a lot of time participating in various church events or at family name days; in his free time from school, he and his brothers guarded the shop where their father traded, and attended the church choir every morning.
After school, Chekhov entered the preparatory class of the men's gymnasium in Taganrog, where his formation as a person began, and his first lines were written here. There he received his own, which later became his creative pseudonym, nickname Chekhonte, thanks to the teacher of the Law of God Fyodor Pokrovsky, who was one of the first to recognize a unique literary and humorous gift in young Chekhov. The books he read at that time and theatrical performances, which he regularly visited from the age of 13, being an ardent fan of dramatic art.
While studying at the gymnasium, Chekhov published the magazine “Bunny”, wrote the comedies “No wonder the hen sang”, “I found a scythe on a stone”, and the drama “Fatherlessness”. After his family was forced to move to the capital (the reason was bankruptcy family business, 1876), Anton has to stay in Taganrog until the end of his studies. During that difficult period, 16-year-old Chekhov had to suddenly become an adult and earn his own bread, he gives private lessons, supports not only himself, but also helps his family as best he can. After passing his final exams, Chekhov goes to the capital, where he becomes a student at the Faculty of Medicine at Moscow University. At the same time, he begins to work in various literary magazines and publish his works there, and for an impoverished family these small literary fees become the only means of livelihood.
His first satirical parodies were published on the pages of the magazine “Dragonfly”, then using the pseudonyms Chekhonte, My Brother’s Brother, Man Without a Spleen, published in various magazines of a humorous nature: “Oskolki”, “Spectator”, “Alarm Clock”, these were various comic aphorisms and statements, small anecdotal stories, etc. In 1882-1883 its first comic stories“Thick and Thin”, “Daughter of Albion”, “Death of an Official”. In these small humorous stories Chekhov raised the genre, which was not previously taken seriously by critics, to new heights, mainly artistic features his works are considered short and simple names(“Burbot”, “In the Bath”), unique “talking” surnames (actor Porcupine, Master Khryukin, General Zapupyrin), funny and eccentric spoken dialogues of the characters. Over time, the humor in the stories of the period 1883-1886 becomes from mocking and caustic, more lyrical and sad, this is noticeable in such works as “Art”, “Melancholy”, “The Huntsman”.
After graduating from the university in 1884, Chekhov conducted medical practice in Zvenigorod and Voskresensk, while simultaneously working in the Moscow magazine “Oskolki”. Over four years of productive work, about 350 stories were created with humorous, psychological and socio-philosophical content, which were later published in such collections as “Motley Stories” (1886), “Innocent Speeches”, “At Twilight” ( Pushkin Prize, 1887), “Stories” (1887), “Gloomy People” (1890). In 1887, the comedies “Ivanov” were created, the vaudevilles “Anniversary”, “Wedding”, “Bear” were created, later staged on the stage of theaters.
In 1890, Chekhov decides to go to Sakhalin, there he communicates with the inhabitants of the island (including convicts), records their fates, and gains mass literary material to write his new book, which was published in 1895 under the title “Sakhalin Island”. Upon returning to the mainland, Chekhov lives in Moscow, writes stories “Ward No. 6”, “The Jumper”, “Duel”, meets with literary friends, famous actors and artists.
The first appeared in 1896 dramatic play by Chekhov, “The Seagull,” which turned out to be a failure and two years later created a real sensation among viewers and critics. In 1899, the play “Uncle Vanya” was created, which enjoyed great success, in 1901 - “Three Sisters”, and in 1903 - “The Cherry Orchard”. In these works, which made Chekhov famous throughout the world, his talent as a playwright, who knew how to penetrate the most hidden corners of the human soul, was fully revealed.
Until 1899, Chekhov lived in Melikhovo (an estate in the Moscow region), engaged in healing the population and charity, and later traveled around European countries and, in the end, buys a plot of land in Yalta, builds a small house and garden there. Here, due to the exacerbation of a long-standing illness (tuberculosis), Chekhov lives, sometimes visiting his wife, actress Olga Knipper, in Moscow, with whom he married in 1901. In 1904, Chekhov decided to go to Germany for the general health of his body, but upon arriving at the Badenweiler resort, he felt sharp deterioration health conditions, and died on the night of July 2, 1904 in the arms of his wife. The body of the great writer and playwright was brought to Russia and buried in Moscow (Novodevichy Cemetery).
