History of the violin. Violin, history of origin, notes

Many nations have a prototype of the violin. The violin acquired its modern shape and size by the sixteenth century. At the same time, the famous Italian violin maker Nicolo Amati, as well as his students Andrea Guarneri and Antonio Stradivari, also worked. Their violin is still considered the best in the world. It is believed that the great Stradivarius created about one thousand one hundred and sixteen musical instruments and many of them were even given names. Names were given in honor famous musicians who played one violin or another at one time. After all, the violin is an individual instrument and many great violinists preferred to have one single instrument that was thoroughly known to them. Each musician put his soul into his violin, and it responded in kind, producing unique melodies, incomparable in their beauty.

Violin stimulates brain function

The great scientist Albert Einstein was known as an excellent violinist, and even performed at concerts as a child. When Einstein grew up, he still loved to play the violin, claiming that it helped him think. And the well-known Conan Doyle, the brilliant detective Sherlock Holmes, played the violin, pondering his next case.

How are the violin and the mysterious smile of Gioconda connected? According to legend, Leonardo da Vinci invited violinists every time the Mona Lisa came to sit for a portrait. And the pleasure of music was forever imprinted in the smile of Gioconda.

And the smallest violin was created by a violinist from the Chinese city of Guangzhou. Its length is only one centimeter, and it took seven whole years to create. It's a shame it's not playable.

The violin is rightfully considered an instrument because the sound it produces is very expressive and beautiful. The tonality of the violin has a gentle sound that can make any person with ear for music.

The violin has its origins in India, where the first instruments with a bow appeared. Although in Europe in the Middle Ages the bow was in use, and it was played on a variety of musical instruments that had strings.

In any symphony orchestra, thirty percent of the musicians play violins.

Irina Morozova
Thematic lesson on music “The History of a Little Violin”

« HISTORY OF THE LITTLE VIOLIN»

(Thematic lesson)

Goals and objectives:

Expand your horizons, tesarius, develop Creative skills, learn to distinguish sounds violins. To develop children's imagination when depicting various characters, to encourage them to search for expressive movements.

Material:

"Pipe and Drum" I. Chukash, "Children's Encyclopedia. Music from A to Z» E. Finkelstein, "Riddles about tools" P. Sinyavsky, violin and bow, video film "Making violins» , video recorder, props violin, grasshopper and bee costumes, song « Little grasshopper» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina, phonograms ( "Caprice" N. Paganini, "Winter" from the cycle "Seasons" A. Vivaldi)

Progress of the lesson.

Children enter the hall and take their seats.

Musical director(M.R.) Guess the riddle.

Smooth bow movements

The strings make you tremble.

The motive murmurs from afar,

Sings about a moonlit evening.

How clear the sounds are overflowing,

There is joy and a smile in them.

It sounds like a dreamy tune

His name...

Children Violin.

M.R. Today we will talk about violin. (Shows violin and bow) Look how beautiful she is violin. She has a beautiful "figure"- a body with a long graceful neck, which ends in a head with pegs and a curl. (Looking at the children violin) The top side of the body, called the top, is made of spruce, and the bottom side, the back, is made of maple. There are slots on the top deck, they are called f-holes, as they are made in the form Latin letter f. Between the f-holes there is a stand that supports the strings. If you look into the f-hole slots, you will see under the right side of the stand small stick, connecting both decks. That's what it is "soul" violins, that’s what she’s called – darling. What are these main parts for? violins? Pegs hold four strings: E string, A string, D string and G string. They are called that because they are tuned to these sounds. Turning the pegs violinist tuning strings. The strings are stretched over the fingerboard. Violinist presses them with the fingers of his left hand - this is how he changes the length of the string, obtaining either lower or higher sounds. Now you see how complex the design is violins endowed with a wonderful voice. Violin considered quite young musical instrument, but it took a lot of time to create it modern form. The bow with which violinist makes the strings sound, originally had an arched shape. Exactly like a bow, only the hair was not pulled tight. However, using such a bow was still not very convenient. AND violin The craftsmen had to work hard to create its modern design. The bow reed is made from Brazilian fernambuco wood. The hair, usually made from white horsehair, is stretched between the head and the block of the cane. The length of the bow is 75 cm, and the weight is approximately 60 g. The bow should be light in order to musician could handle it easily. We don't know the name of the first one violin maker, but I will tell you names famous schools violin makers. The most famous of them developed in northern Italy– in Bresci (Gaspar da Salo and Giovanni Magini, in Cremona (Amati, Stradivarius, Guarneri, Bergonzi). Now we'll see how they do it violin master.

Watching video material "Making violins»

M.R. If you pass the bow along the strings, you will immediately hear an extraordinary sound. Listen!

The phonogram sounds "CAPRIS" N. Paganini

M.R. Best of all violin played by Niccolo Paganini. He lived a very long time ago. This man had an unusually developed musical hearing and had unusually flexible fingers. He not only played violin, but also composed music for your favorite instrument. We heard it now. There were wonderful ones in our country too violinists are L. Kogan, D. Oistrakh. (Shows portraits violinists) . Ensembles are known all over the world violinists"Vivaldi", "Moscow Virtuosi". Now I want to invite you to listen to them perform an excerpt from violin concerto A. Vivaldi "Seasons"

The phonogram sounds "WINTER" A. Vivaldi ( "Seasons").

M.R. Now we will listen to a poem by E. Ognetsvet « Violin»

Baby Green Grasshopper

Plays on violin,

The butterflies listened

Birds and fish.

Let the first violin

They will give it to me too

Where is the ringing secret?

In every string.

I will start studying

And next summer

Together with the grasshopper

I'll play a duet.

Dramatizing a song « SMALL GRASSHOPPER» sl. S. Kozlova, music. M. Sutyagina (Appendix No. 2)

M.R. Finally, I want to ask you one more riddle.

Carved in the forest

Smoothly written out

Sings, bursts into song.

What is the name of?

Children Violin.

APPLICATION:

Small The grasshopper slept until noon.

From noon to evening played the violin.

An important bee flew in and sat down.

Started to listen to the little musician.

Golden circle of light and warmth

Over the green meadow the music floated.

The music sounded, and, forgetting things,

The important bee shook its head.

And the grasshopper the little one played the violin,

It was as if he was handing out a handful of happiness to everyone.

Didn't scream, didn't cry, didn't say a word,

On the green led the violin with a blade of grass.

Publications on the topic:

Scenario of the New Year's party for the preparatory group "New Year's story with a small Christmas tree" Scenario New Year's party For preparatory group Roles: Adults: Presenter, Baba Yaga, Ded Moro, Snow Maiden, Children: hedgehog, bunny,.

Name: Integrated directly educational activities By musical education V senior group kindergarten “7 flowers.

Integrated music lesson Musical director of MADOU Kindergarten No. 2 “Firefly” Manuilenko V.V. Educational area:.

The story of the little violin. The story of the little violin. Program task: To increase children's knowledge about the violin. (Where did its design come from); continue acquaintance.

Comprehensively – thematic planning“History of the Fatherland” was prepared by Kuznetsova Marina Rafailievna - music director, Egorova.

Of course, everyone knows the violin. The most refined and sophisticated among string instruments The violin is a way of transmitting the emotions of a skilled performer to the listener. While sometimes gloomy, unrestrained and even rude, she remains tender and vulnerable, beautiful and sensual.

We have prepared a few for you fascinating facts about this magical musical instrument. You will learn how a violin works, how many strings it has, and what works are written by composers for the violin.

How does a violin work?

Its structure is simple: body, neck and strings. Tool accessories vary widely in their purpose and importance. For example, one should not overlook the bow, thanks to which sound is extracted from the strings, or the chinrest and bridge, which allow the performer to place the instrument most comfortably on the left shoulder.

There are also accessories like a machine, which allows the violinist to correct the tuning that has changed for any reason without wasting time, in contrast to the use of string holders - pegs, which are much more difficult to work with.

There are only four strings themselves, always tuned to the same notes - E, A, D and G. violins? From different materials- they can be vein, silk or metal.

The first string on the right is tuned to E of the second octave and is the thinnest of all the strings presented. The second string, together with the third, “personify” the notes “A” and “D”, respectively. They have an average, almost identical thickness. Both notes are in the first octave. The last, thickest and bassiest string is the fourth string, tuned to the note “G” of the small octave.

Each string has its own timbre - from piercing (“E”) to thick (“Sol”). This is what allows the violinist to convey emotions so skillfully. The sound also depends on the bow - the reed itself and the hair stretched over it.

What types of violins are there?

The answer to this question may be confusing and varied, but we will answer quite simply: there are the most familiar wooden violins for us - the so-called acoustic ones, and there are also electric violins. The latter operate on electricity, and their sound is heard thanks to the so-called “speaker” with an amplifier - a combo. There is no doubt that these instruments are designed differently, although they may look the same in appearance. The technique of playing an acoustic and electronic violin is not significantly different, but the analog electronic instrument in its own way you have to get used to it.

What works are written for violin?

The works are a separate topic for reflection, because the violin shows itself magnificently both as a soloist and in music. That's why they write for the violin solo concerts, sonatas, partitas, caprices and plays of other genres, as well as parts for all kinds of duets, quartets and other ensembles.

The violin can participate in almost all types of music. Most often on this moment it is included in classical, folk and rock. You can even hear the violin in children's cartoons and their Japanese adaptations - anime. All this only contributes to the increasing popularity of the instrument and only confirms that the violin will never disappear.

Famous violin makers

Also, don't forget about the violin makers. Probably the most famous is Antonio Stradivari. All his instruments are very expensive, they were valued in the past. Stradivarius violins are the most famous. During his lifetime he made more than 1000 violins, but at the moment between 150 and 600 instruments have survived - information in various sources sometimes it amazes with its diversity.

Other families associated with violin making include the Amati family. Different generations This large Italian family improved bowed musical instruments, including improving the structure of the violin, achieving a strong and expressive sound from it.

Famous violinists: who are they?

Once upon a time there was a violin folk instrument, but over time, the technique of playing it became complex and individual virtuoso craftsmen began to emerge from among the people, who delighted the public with their art. Italy has been famous for its violinists since the musical Renaissance. It is enough to name just a few names - Vivaldi, Corelli, Tartini. Niccolo Paganini also came from Italy, whose name is shrouded in legends and secrets.

Among the violinists who came from Russia are such great names as J. Heifetz, D. Oistrakh, L. Kogan. Modern listeners also know the names of current stars in this field of performing arts - these are, for example, V. Spivakov and Vanessa-Mae.

It is believed that in order to start learning to play this instrument, you must have at least a good, strong nerves and patience, which will help you overcome five to seven years of study. Of course, such a thing cannot do without disruptions and failures, however, as a rule, even these are only beneficial. The study time will be difficult, but the result is worth the pain.

Material dedicated to the violin cannot be left without music. Listen famous music Saint-Saens. You've probably heard it before, but do you know what kind of work it is?

C. Saint-Saens Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso

The violin is one of the most common stringed musical instruments. It has been popular for a long time - since the 16th century. Violinists play solo on it and accompany in ensembles. This instrument is called the queen of the orchestra.

The exact place and time of origin of the violin could not be established. Many assumptions have been made as to what the string instruments to the modern violin. It is assumed that the ancestors of the violin and viol were rebab, rota, fidel, which appeared in XIII-XV centuries. The viola arose before the violin. It varied in size. To perform any piece on the viol, the musician had to stand. When performing, the viola was held on the knees, and later on the shoulders, which led to the appearance of the violin.

Initially they did not play solos on the violin, because this instrument was considered common. It was used only among traveling musicians in beer establishments.

A significant transformation of the violin occurred in the 16th century, thanks to Italian masters who did musical instrument perfect shape and from the best materials. The author of the first modern violin is Gasparo Bertolotti. Members of the Amati family made a great contribution to the production of violins in Italy, who worked on the timbre of the instrument. They were the ones who made it deep and voluminous. According to their idea, the violin should convey feelings and emotions, its sound should resemble a human voice. The idea was a success.

The violin has a wide range and beautiful sound. This allows composers to create works of different genres for the violin. There are many masterpieces where the leading part belongs to the violin.

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Violin- one of the most popular and perfect bowed string instruments. It is impossible to overestimate the importance that this instrument had on music. An amazingly beautiful sound, a wealth of performing capabilities, a warm, flowing timbre allowed her to occupy symphony orchestras one of the leading places. It is widely used in folk, ethnic, and solo musical practice. It is not for nothing that this magnificent musical instrument has been awarded the epithets “queen of the orchestra”, “queen of music”.

Origin of the violin

The violin acquired its modern, familiar look to everyone at the beginning of the 16th century. It owes its appearance to a variety of ethnic instruments, each of which had some influence on it. The history of bowed strings goes back more than two thousand years. Scientists have not yet come to a common conclusion about where this instrument originated. It has been suggested that bowed strings first appeared in India and then spread to Arab countries.

The evolution of musical instruments gave rise to a large number of various bowed instruments. Two of them can be considered the predecessors of the viol and, accordingly, the violin: the Spanish fidel, as well as the rebec, which came from the east.

The rebeck had three strings and a round, pear-shaped body. Rebek came to Western Europe from Asia, where it became widespread in the 10th-12th centuries. The popularity of the rebec won him a place at fairs, palaces, and churches.
Fidel is a bowed instrument (in the form of a guitar) known in Western Europe from the 9th century. IN X-XV centuries it was widely used by minstrels. These instruments became the predecessors of the viol, which is constantly mentioned in ballads and poems of the Middle Ages. They played the viola while standing. The instrument was held on the knees, and later on the shoulders. This type of playing contributed to the emergence of the violin. Viola became popular in different strata of society. Although, with the advent of the violin, it began to be considered an instrument of the privileged classes. The violin became the instrument of the common people.

Modern violin

Now it is difficult to understand when the final formation of the instrument, which is now called the “violin,” took place. However, we can say with confidence that the talent of the great masters of Italy of the seventeenth century brought the structure of this musical instrument to perfection. Having achieved an ideal shape, made from the best materials, they achieved a deep, delicate, multifaceted sound. Forever left in history, famous masters Nicolo Amati and his students Giuseppe Guarneri and Antonio Stradivari created an instrument capable of conveying the fullness of human feelings.

During this period, the violin begins to lead the orchestra. She gets solo parts. Works created specifically for the violin and masters of virtuoso playing appear. The wide range and unique sound have become the source of many unsurpassed musical masterpieces. Greatest Composers created works in which the violin played a solo role. Excellent schools have appeared violin playing. Thanks to the virtuoso playing of great violinists, the violin took its place in the world of music.

The development of music does not stand still. With the emergence of new directions and styles, some musical instruments turned out to be less in demand. But not the violin. The violin did not become an accessory only classical music. Her beautiful sound has graced country, jazz and rock and roll. Many musicians, from pop stars to rock performers, use this magnificent instrument to create their compositions.

The history of this magic instrument dates back more than five hundred years. Throughout all these centuries, the unique, living “voice” of the violin has won the hearts of people. Undoubtedly, the sound of this wonderful instrument will continue to delight grateful listeners.