Essay on the topic “Bazarov and his opponents (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)

The image of Bazarov occupies central place in Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. In only two of the twenty-eight chapters is this person not the main character actor. All other characters described by the author are grouped around Bazarov, help to see certain traits of his character more clearly, and also reveal themselves. Bazarov is radically different from the people around him: he is smart, has enormous spiritual strength, but among the representatives of the county aristocracy he experiences loneliness. This is a commoner who adheres to democratic views, opposed to the serfdom, a materialist who went through a difficult school of hardship and labor. The image of Bazarov attracts attention with its independence and ability to think independently and freely.

The clash of free consciousness and the old orders

The plot of Turgenev's novel is based on Bazarov's clash with aristocratic world that time. The author reveals the character and life position hero in his conflict with the “damned barchuks”. In the work, the writer actively uses contrasts: Bazarov is contrasted with Pavel Petrovich. One of them is a staunch democrat, and the other is typical representative aristocratic class. Bazarov is consistent, purposeful, possessive. In turn, Pavel Petrovich is soft-bodied, in a state of some kind of “doubleness”. His beliefs are random, he has no idea of ​​his goal.

As already mentioned, the image of Bazarov is most fully revealed in the hero’s disputes with other characters. Talking with Pavel Petrovich, he demonstrates to us the maturity of the mind, the ability to look at the root, contempt and hatred of the lordly-slave order. The relationship between Bazarov and Arkady reveals the personality of the first from a new side: he acts as an educator, teacher and friend, shows the ability to attract young people to his side, intransigence and honesty in friendship. And his relationship with Odintsova shows that, among other things, Bazarov is capable of deep true love. This is an integral nature, having willpower and possessing

Origin of Bazarov

Evgeny Bazarov, whose image is the topic of our discussion today, comes from a simple family. His grandfather was a peasant, and his father was a county doctor. Bazarov speaks with undisguised pride about the fact that his grandfather plowed the land. He is proud that he studied for “copper money”, and that he achieved everything he has on his own. Work for this person is a real moral need. Even when relaxing in the village, he is not able to sit with his hands folded. Bazarov communicates with people simply, guided by sincere interest. And this is in Once again is confirmed by the fact that after he visits Arkady, the yard boys “ran after the doctor like little dogs,” and during Motya’s illness he gladly helps Fenya. Bazarov behaves simply and confidently in any company, he does not seek to impress others and under any circumstances remains himself.

Denial as the basis of the hero’s worldview

The image of Bazarov is the image of a supporter of “merciless and complete denial.” What does this strong and extraordinary person? He himself gives the answer to this question: “Everything.” Bazarov denies literally all aspects of the socio-political structure of Russia in those years.

The main character of the novel does not succumb to the influence of others, but knows how to win other people over to his side. His strong influence on Arkady is obvious, and in disputes with Nikolai Petrovich he is so convincing that he makes him doubt his views. The aristocrat Odintsova also could not resist the charm of Bazarov’s personality. However, in fairness, it should be noted that not all of the hero’s judgments are true. After all, Bazarov denied the beauty of the living nature around him, and art, and the boundless sphere of human emotions and experiences. However, apparently, his love for Odintsova forced him to rethink these views and rise one step higher.

Conclusion

Turgenev portrays a man who is one step ahead of his time in his creation. The image of Bazarov is alien to the world and the era in which he lives. However, at the same time with the inexhaustible spiritual strength of the character, the author shows us “ reverse side medals” - his ideological, political and even psychological loneliness in an environment of nobles alien to him. Demonstrating Bazarov's readiness to change the world for the better, to “clear” it for those who will build a new state with new orders, Turgenev, however, does not give his hero the opportunity to act. After all, in his opinion, Russia does not need such destructive actions.

Essay on the topic “Bazarov and his opponents (Based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”)” 5.00 /5 (100.00%) 1 vote

Collision different generations always interested Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. In the title of the novel “Fathers and Sons” we see the opposition and clash of two sides, Bazarov is the main opponent of the “fathers,” the older generation, represented in the novel by the elder Bazarovs and the Kirsanov brothers.
At the beginning of the novel we note unusual appearance Evgenia Bazarova, his robe and sideburns, swagger. As soon as he appears, he arouses the Kirsanovs’ distrust, then it turns out that, to top it all off, he is also a nihilist. This alarms everyone around us even more. What is “nihilism” in the understanding of the heroes of the novel? Nikolai Petrovich Kirsanov understands it in an exact translation from Latin: “This word means a person who does not recognize anything.” Pavel Petrovich corrects his brother: “Say: who doesn’t respect anything.” Arkady notes: “Who approaches everything from a critical point of view.”

Bazarov and his imaginary like-minded people(Based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”).
The novel “Fathers and Sons” is the pinnacle artistic creativity Turgenev. He was one of the first Russian writers who realized “the need for consciously heroic natures in order for things to move forward,” and artistically recreated these natures in the image of the commoner - democrat Yevgeny Bazarov. This, a man strong in mind and character, forms the center of the entire novel. Turgenev endowed Bazarov with outwardly not very attractive features: “long and thin face With wide forehead“, his dark-blond hair, long and thick, did not hide the large protuberances of his spacious skull,” the author wrote with admiration that “his whole appearance shone with intelligence and spiritual strength.”
Bazarov was distinguished by a remarkable mind, he has a strong analytical and critical mind, somewhat dry and cold, not alien to irony and skepticism. If not in all spheres, then at least in the field of ideas, ideals, social aspirations, such a mind will always protect a person from narrowness, one-sidedness, fanaticism, and will not allow him to become a slave to an idea, a monomaniac.
In Bazarov's relationship with to the common people One must notice first of all the absence of any pretentiousness and any sweetness. The people like it, and therefore the servants love Bazarov, the children love him, despite the fact that he does not make almonds with them and does not cajole them with money or gingerbread. The men have a heart for Bazarov, because they see him as simple and smart person, but at the same time this person is a stranger to them, because he does not know their way of life, their needs, their hopes and fears, their concepts, beliefs and prejudices.
Bazarov is an internally free person, and it is this internal freedom that he so jealously guards, and for the sake of it he so rebels against his feelings for Odintsova. But, however, Bazarov - as we see him throughout the novel - these actions, all his words, serious or playful, are equally a true expression of his personality.
Bazarov is a nihilist, denier, destroyer. He stops at nothing in his denial. But what has been verified by experience, the practice of life, Bazarov does not deny. Thus, he is firmly convinced that work is the basis of life and a person’s calling, that chemistry is a useful science, that the main thing in a person’s worldview is a natural-scientific approach to everything. Bazarov does not at all intend to limit his life to pure empiricism, not inspired by any goal. He says that he is preparing himself to do “a lot of things,” but what kind of things these are and what specific Bazarov is striving for remains unclear. He doesn’t even think about it, the time hasn’t come. “At the present time, the most useful thing is to deny - we deny,” says Bazarov.
The main character alone expresses new social forces, the rest of the characters are either his enemies or unworthy imitators. The “imaginary” followers of Bazarov include Sitnikov and Kukshina. These individuals represent a superbly executed caricature of a “brainless progressive and a Russian-style emancipated woman.” To call Sitnikov and Kukshina creatures of time would be high degree ridiculous. Both of them borrowed only the upper drapery from their era, and this drapery is still better than the rest of their mental property. Sitnikov and Kukshina will always remain funny personalities. Bazarov treats Sitnikov with disdainful irony; his merchant's rollickingness is just as disgusting to him as the sloppiness of the "emancipe" Kukshina.
Bazarov, at Sitnikov’s invitation, comes to Kukshina to see people, has breakfast, drinks champagne, does not pay any attention to Sitnikov’s efforts to show off his boldness of thought and to Kukshina’s efforts to provoke him into an intelligent conversation, and finally leaves without even saying goodbye to the hostess.
“Sitnikov jumped up after them.
- Well, so what? - he asked, obsequiously running first to the right, then to the left. – After all, I told you: a wonderful person. We wish we had more women! She's kind of high moral phenomenon!
- - Is this establishment of your father also a moral phenomenon? - said Bazarov, pointing his finger at the tavern, past which they were passing at that moment.
- Sitnikov laughed again with a squeal. He was very ashamed of his origin and did not know whether to feel flattered or offended by Bazarov’s unexpected ticking!
There are countless people like Sitnikov, who can easily and profitably pick up other people’s phrases, distort someone else’s thought and dress up as a progressive. There are few true progressives, that is, truly smart, educated and conscientious people; there are even fewer decent and developed women, but there are many sycophants who meddle with progressive people, amuse themselves with progressive phrases, like a fashionable thing, or drape themselves in them to cover up your sneaky deeds.
Against the background of Sitnikov and Kukshina, certain traits of Bazarov’s personality are more sharply and vividly pushed aside, his superiority, intelligence, mental strength, which indicate his loneliness among the district aristocrats. He differs from them in his heroism, self-confidence, in his rightness of “nihilism,” the power of analysis and social temperament, and the indomitability of protest. Bazarov's end is tragic; he dies alone, leaving no followers.

Kirsanov and Bazarov.

These heroes differed from each other in everything: age, social status, beliefs, appearance. Here is a portrait of Bazarov: “... tall, in a long robe with tassels, a long and thin face, with a wide forehead, a pointed nose, large greenish eyes, it was enlivened by a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence.” And here is a portrait of Bazarov’s main opponent: “He looked about forty-five years old; his short hair White hair shone with a dark sheen; his face, bilious, but without wrinkles, unusually regular and clean, as if drawn by a thin and light chisel, showed traces of remarkable beauty.”

Pavel Petrovich is about twenty years old older than Bazarov, but perhaps even in to a greater extent, than he, retains signs of youth in his appearance.

The elder Kirsanov is a man who is extremely concerned about his appearance. He strives to look as young as possible for his age. So befits a socialite, an old heartthrob. Bazarov, on the contrary, appearance doesn't care. In the portrait of Pavel Petrovich, the author highlights the correct features, the sophistication of the costume and the desire for light, unearthly materials. This hero will defend the order of Bazarov’s transformative pathos in the dispute. And everything in his appearance indicates adherence to the norm. Social status The heroes are also different. P. P. Kirsanov is richer than Bazarov, but for Pavel Petrovich money matters more important role in life than for Bazarov. He is able to get by on little, but Pavel Petrovich, judging by his lifestyle and manner of dressing, is not. But it still seems to me that the main problem is the different beliefs of the characters. And it is precisely this problem that is discussed in the disputes between P.P. Kirsanov and Bazarov. Bazarov claims that “nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” He is deeply convinced that achievements modern natural science in the future they will solve all the problems public life. He denies beauty - art, poetry - in love he sees only the physiological, but does not see spiritual origin. Bazarov “treats everything from a critical point of view” and “does not accept a single principle on faith, no matter how respectful this principle may be.” Pavel Petrovich proclaims “aristocratism is a principle, and in our time only immoral or empty people can live without principles.” However, the impression of an inspired ode to principles noticeably weakens under the influence of the circumstances that Bazarov’s opponent puts in first place the “principle” of aristocracy that is closest to himself: Pavel Petrovich, brought up in an environment comfortable existence and accustomed to St. Petersburg secular society, it is no coincidence that poetry, music, and love come first. Bazarov, the son of a poor military doctor, accustomed from childhood to work and not to idleness, interested in natural sciences, has very little in his short life dealt with poetry or music.

I think that Bazarov is a realist, and Pavel Petrovich is a romantic, focused on cultural values first romanticism thirds of the XIX century, on the cult of beauty. And he is offended by Bazarov’s statements that “a decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet” or that “Raphael is not worth a penny.” It seems to me that here Turgenev certainly disagrees with Bazarov’s point of view. However, he does not give victory to Pavel Petrovich at this point in the dispute. His discussions of art and poetry, as well as of society, are empty and trivial, often comical. Turgenev's plan was fully consistent with Bazarov's victory over Kirsanov's aristocracy. But I believe that Bazarov’s complete victory over Kirsanov is impossible, because to some extent both sides are right.

Thus, in the depiction of liberals close to him political views, Turgenev nevertheless overcame his class sympathies and painted mainly true picture life.

I. S. Turgenev’s “Fathers and Sons,” written in 1861, is rightfully considered one of famous works great novelist. Turgenev was always distinguished by his amazing ability to see, recognize the hero of the era, and feel the mood of society. The novel "Fathers and Sons" was no exception. At the time when it was created, a persistent socio-political struggle was going on in the country between common democrats and liberal nobles. Both of them understood the need for reforms, but had different attitudes towards their implementation. Democratic-minded youth advocated for fundamental changes in Russia, liberals preferred the path of gradual reforms. As a result, a split occurred in Russian society: on one side there were revolutionary democrats, on the other - liberals.

The writer correctly noticed this process and reflected it in his work. He decided to turn to the beginnings of the confrontation - the end of the 50s. It is no coincidence that the novel takes place in 1859. Just at this time, enmity began between the foreign liberal “Bell” of Herzen and the democratic “Contemporary* of Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov, or between the “fathers” and “children”.

The only representative of the “children” in the novel is Bazarov. Arkady Kirsanov, who considers himself his student, does not see at all that Bazarov’s ideas are alien to him. Sitnikov and Kukshina, also convinced of their progressive ideas, are, in fact, an evil parody of nihilists. The image of Bazarov is far from clear. He is undoubtedly outstanding personality, who has, first of all, broad knowledge in the natural sciences. He is used to working and cannot imagine his life without work, which gives him autonomy and independence. His behavior and speech sometimes develop into “immense pride” and pride. “When I meet a person who would not give up in front of me, then I will change my opinion about myself.” Bazarov places himself very highly. “We need the Sitnikovs. I,... I need boobies like that. It’s not for the gods... to burn pots!..” Bazarov, like many advanced people late 50s - early 60s, was a materialist. Philosophy, religion, noble culture he called it “romanticism, nonsense, rot.” For him, the relationship between a man and a woman comes down to physiology, art - to “the art of making money or no more hemorrhoids.” He laughs at the "mysterious" look between a man and a woman, explaining it by the anatomy of the eye. The world of beauty is completely alien to him; he believes only in what has been tested by experience.

From such an attitude towards life, Bazarov’s bold philosophy originates, which consists in the total denial of any foundations and principles on which it is based. human life. In other words, life philosophy the hero is nihilism. “A nihilist is a person who does not bow to any authority, who does not take on faith a single principle, no matter how respectful this principle may be,” declares Arkady, clearly from Bazarov’s words.

Bazarov’s views were most clearly and fully reflected in disputes with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, a convinced liberal and fierce opponent of nihilism. On the question of the nature of transformations in Russia, Bazarov stands for a decisive break in the existing system. He offers nothing in return. However, he doesn’t even think about it. “It’s no longer our business... we need to clear the place first.” In his opinion, the nobility, the “aristocrats” have already played their role, their time has passed, like the time of any “principles”.

Art, religion, nature, the world of beauty - all this is alien to Bazarov. “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop.” “Raphael is not worth a penny.” He treats a person as a biological organism: “All people are similar to each other both in body and soul.” He is confident that “moral illnesses,” like “physical illnesses,” are completely treatable, since they are caused by the “ugly state of society”: “Correct society, and there will be no illnesses.”

The hero has a special relationship with the Russian people. On the one hand, he proudly says that he knows how to talk to him, and his “grandfather plowed the land.” On the other hand, it expresses deep contempt for patriarchy and ignorance of the people. Bazarov is as far from the people as Pavel Petrovich. The hero's ideological positions are revealed in disputes with his opponent Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov in chapters 4, 6 and 7, 9; in Chapter 10, the main dispute unfolds - the fight between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, of all the disputes the first emerges as the winner.