What happened to Mtsyri at large. Essay “Three days in the freedom of Mtsyri

Composition

On the loose with new strength Mtsyri's love for his homeland was revealed. The “vague longing” for her that he experienced in the monastery turned into a passionate dream of “going to his native country.” View Caucasus mountains vividly reminded him of his native village and those who lived there. It is interesting that in Mtsyri’s memories of his homeland, the image of an armed highlander, ready to fight, inevitably appears. He remembers “the shine of long daggers set in scabbards,” “the ring of chain mail and the shine of a gun.” For the young man, love for his homeland merged with the desire for freedom. And if in the monastery Mtsyri only languished with the desire for freedom, then in freedom he learned the “bliss of freedom” and became stronger in his thirst for earthly happiness. He says to the monk:

* … for a few minutes
* Between steep and dark rocks,
* Where I played as a child,
* I exchanged paradise and eternity...

These words of Mtsyri may seem ordinary. But what courage, what a challenge to church morality with its hypocritical “heavenly happiness” sounded in these words in those years when the poem was written! After being free for three days, Mtsyri learned that he was brave and fearless. The thunderstorm inspires him not with horror, but with pleasure; fear does not grip his soul when he sees a snake and hears the cry of a jackal; he's not afraid to fall off a cliff because -

* ... free youth is strong,
* And death seemed not scary!

Fearlessness, contempt for death and passionate love to life, the thirst for struggle and readiness for it are especially clearly revealed in the battle with the leopard. In this battle, Mtsyri forgets about everything, obeying only one desire - to survive, to win! Mortal danger gives rise not to fear, but to courage, and he “blazes” and revels in the struggle. There is a lot of conditionality in the description of Mtsyri’s fight with the leopard, which can partly be explained by the connection of the episode with the traditions of Khevsur and Georgian folklore used by Lermontov, and partly by the romantic nature of the poem. Conventional, “romantic” the leopard is “an eternal guest of the desert.” All the signs drawn in it can be common to any other predator. They do not give rise to ideas about a single image, but evoke in the imagination bright image a predator in general, with a “bloody gaze”, “mad leap”, “menacingly” shining pupils. It is characteristic that all epithets describing the leopard are of an emotional nature. The battle with a formidable predator is also “romantic”: a man armed with a branch defeats a bloody beast, but it contains the true truth of art, and the reader believes in Mtsyri’s victory. The fiery character of the hero is revealed here in action, the thirst for struggle that burned him finds a way out, and we see that the young man, not only in his dreams, is ready for a life “full of anxiety.” The fight with the leopard gives Mtsyri the opportunity to make sure that he “could not have been one of the last daredevils in the land of his fathers.” Mtsyri is a brave fighter who wins in an open battle, he has no contempt for the enemy or gloating; on the contrary, the enemy’s courage evokes his respect, which gives rise to wonderful words about the leopard:

* But with a triumphant enemy
* He met death face to face,
* As a fighter should in battle!

Mtsyri’s “fiery passion” - love for his homeland - makes him purposeful and firm. He refuses the possible happiness of love, overcomes the suffering of hunger, desperate impulse tries to make his way through the forest for the sake of the goal - “to go to his native country.” The death of this dream gives rise to despair in him, but even in despair Mtsyri turns out to be not weak and defenseless, but a proud and courageous person, rejecting pity and compassion.

*. . . trust me, human help
* I didn't want...
* I was a stranger
* For them forever, like a beast of the steppe;
* And if only for a minute scream
* He cheated on me - I swear, old man,
* I would tear out my weak tongue.

Mtsyri is hardy. In the monastery, experiencing a painful illness, he did not utter a single groan. In his wanderings, where he had to experience a lot, this endurance manifested itself with renewed vigor. Tormented by the leopard, he forgets about his wounds and, “gathering the rest of his strength,” again tries to leave the forest.

The poem helps to understand Mtsyri as a courageous, fearless, strong and proud hero. The form of the poem and its verse are subordinated to the creation of such an image. It is written in iambic tetrameter, which has a unique sound. Its rhythmic structure from beginning to end (except for the “Song of the Fish”) is equally energetic, slightly abrupt. The verse turns out to be elastic, firstly, due to the rare omission of stress in the verse; lines and, secondly, because of the male rhymes. The method of rhyming in “Mtsyri” does not obey a strict system, the number of poetic lines in stanzas is not stable, but nevertheless the poem seems surprisingly harmonious and whole precisely thanks to the same rhythm and masculine rhyming. Such unity of the verse structure well conveys the concentration and passion in the character of the hero, animated by one aspiration. V. G. Belinsky in the article “Poems of M. Lermontov” wrote: “This iambic tetrameter with only masculine endings ... sounds and abruptly falls, like the blow of a sword striking its victim. Its elasticity, energy and sonorous, monotonous fall are in amazing harmony with the concentrated feeling, the indestructible strength of a powerful nature and the tragic situation of the hero of the poem.

Courageous, bold, proud, inspired by one dream, Mtsyri does not seem a stern man or a fanatic of his passion. For all the ardor and strength of his dream, it is deeply human, and the character of the young man is not shrouded in severity or “savagery,” as they wrote in pre-revolutionary methodological manuals, but poetry. What is poetic, first of all, is the hero’s perception of the world as something infinitely beautiful, giving a person a feeling of happiness. Mtsyri is akin to the nature around him, he merges with it both when he admires the purity of the firmament (“... I drowned in it with my eyes and soul”), and when he experiences the frenzy of struggle (“... as if I myself was born into a family of leopards and wolves,” says the young man). The feelings of delight and joy he experiences are poetic. His attitude towards the Georgian woman is poetic. This is a dreamy, vague premonition of love, giving rise to sweet melancholy and sadness. Mtsyri understands the uniqueness and charm of this feeling; it is no coincidence that he says:

* Memories of those minutes
* In me, with me, let them die.

Thus, as a result of the conversation and generalizations of the teacher, everyone comes to the conclusion that Mtsyri is a powerful, fiery nature. The main thing in him is the passion and ardor of the desire for happiness, which is impossible for him without freedom and homeland, irreconcilability to life in captivity, fearlessness, courage, bravery and courage. Mtsyri is poetic, youthfully tender, pure and whole in his aspirations.

Other works on this work

Hero poem of the same name M. Lermontov. While still a very small child, he was locked in a monastery, where he spent all his conscious years of life, never seeing big world and real life. But before he was tonsured, the young man decided to escape, and a huge world. For three days in freedom, Mtsyri gets to know this world, trying to make up for everything previously missed, and the truth is that he learns more during this time than others do in their entire lives.

What does Mtsyri see in freedom? The first thing he feels is joy and admiration from the nature he sees, which seems incredibly beautiful to the young man. Indeed, he has something to admire, because in front of him are magnificent Caucasian landscapes. “Lush fields”, a “fresh crowd” of trees, “bizarre, dream-like” mountain ranges, a “white caravan” of cloud birds - everything attracts Mtsyri’s curious gaze. His heart becomes “light, I don’t know why,” and the most precious memories awaken in him, which he was deprived of in captivity. Pictures of childhood and native village, close and familiar people pass before the hero’s inner gaze.
Here the sensitive and poetic nature of Mtsyri is revealed, who sincerely responds to the call of nature and opens up to meet it. It becomes clear to the reader watching the hero that he belongs to those natural people who prefer communication with nature to rotation in society, and their soul has not yet been spoiled by the falsehood of this society. The portrayal of Mtsyri in this way was especially important for Lermontov for two reasons. First of all, classic romantic hero should have been characterized in this way, as a person close wildlife. And, secondly, the poet contrasts his hero with his environment, the so-called generation of the 1830s, most of whom were empty and unprincipled young people. For Mtsyri, three days of freedom became whole life, full of events and inner experiences - Lermontov’s acquaintances complained of boredom and wasted their lives in salons and at balls.

Mtsyri continues on his way, and other pictures open up before him. Nature reveals itself in all its formidable power: lightning, rain, the “threatening abyss” of the gorge and the noise of the stream, similar to “angry hundreds of voices.” But there is no fear in the fugitive’s heart; such nature is even closer to Mtsyri: “I, like a brother, would be glad to embrace the storm!” For this, a reward awaits him: the voices of heaven and earth, “shy birds,” grass and stones - everything surrounding the hero becomes clear to him. Mtsyri is ready to experience amazing moments of communication with living nature, dreams and hopes in the midday heat under an unspeakably clear - such that one could even see an angel - sky. So he again feels life and its joy in himself.

Against the backdrop of beautiful mountain landscapes His love, a young Georgian girl, also appears before Mtsyri.
Her beauty is harmonious and combines all the best natural colors: the mysterious blackness of the nights and the gold of the day. Mtsyri, living in a monastery, dreamed of his homeland, and that is why he does not succumb to the temptation of love. The hero goes forward, and then nature turns to him with its second face.

Night is coming, the cold and impenetrable night of the Caucasus. Only the light of a lonely saklya glows faintly somewhere in the distance. Mtsyri recognizes hunger and feels loneliness, the same one that tormented him in the monastery. And the forest stretches on and on, surrounds Mtsyri with an “impenetrable wall,” and he realizes that he is lost. Nature, so friendly to him during the day, suddenly turns into a terrible enemy, ready to lead the fugitive astray and laugh cruelly at him. Moreover, she, in the guise of a leopard, directly stands in Mtsyri’s path, and he has to fight with an equal creature for the right to continue his journey. But thanks to this, the hero learns a hitherto unknown joy, the joy of honest competition and the happiness of a worthy victory.

It is not difficult to guess why such metamorphoses occur, and Lermontov puts the explanation into the mouth of Mtsyri himself. “That heat is powerless and empty, / A game of dreams, a disease of the mind” - this is how the hero responds about his dream of returning home to the Caucasus. Yes, for Mtsyri his homeland means everything, but he, who grew up in prison, will no longer be able to find his way to it. Even a horse that has thrown its rider returns home,” Mtsyri exclaims bitterly. But he himself, grown in captivity, like a weak flower, lost that natural instinct that unmistakably suggested the path, and got lost. Mtsyri is delighted with nature, but he is no longer her child, and she rejects him, like a flock of weak and sick animals rejects him. The heat scorches the dying Mtsyri, a snake rustles past him, a symbol of sin and death, it rushes and jumps “like a blade,” and the hero can only watch this game...

“Do you want to know what I saw / When I was free?” - this is how Mtsyri, the hero of M. Lermontov’s poem of the same name, begins his confession. As a very young child, he was locked in a monastery, where he spent all his conscious years of his life, never seeing the big world and real life. But before his tonsure, the young man decides to escape, and a huge world opens up before him. For three days in freedom, Mtsyri gets to know this world, trying to make up for everything previously missed, and the truth is that he learns more during this time than others do in their entire lives.

What does Mtsyri see in freedom? The first thing he feels is joy and admiration from the nature he sees, which seems incredibly beautiful to the young man. Indeed, he has something to admire, because in front of him are magnificent Caucasian landscapes. “Lush fields”, a “fresh crowd” of trees, “bizarre, dream-like” mountain ranges, a “white caravan” of cloud birds - everything attracts Mtsyri’s curious gaze. His heart becomes “light, I don’t know why,” and the most precious memories awaken in him, which he was deprived of in captivity. Pictures of childhood and native village, close and familiar people pass before the hero’s inner gaze. Here the sensitive and poetic nature of Mtsyri is revealed, who sincerely responds to the call of nature and opens up to meet it. It becomes clear to the reader watching the hero that he belongs to those natural people who prefer communication with nature to rotation in society, and their soul has not yet been spoiled by the falsehood of this society. The portrayal of Mtsyri in this way was especially important for Lermontov for two reasons. Firstly, the classic romantic hero should have been characterized in this way, as a person close to wild nature. And, secondly, the poet contrasts his hero with his environment, the so-called generation of the 1830s, most of whom were empty and unprincipled young people. For Mtsyri, three days of freedom became a whole life, full of events and internal experiences, while Lermontov’s acquaintances complained of boredom and wasted their lives in salons and at balls.

Mtsyri continues on his way, and other pictures open up before him. Nature reveals itself in all its formidable power: lightning, rain, the “threatening abyss” of the gorge and the noise of the stream, similar to “angry hundreds of voices.” But there is no fear in the fugitive’s heart; such nature is even closer to Mtsyri: “I, like a brother, would be glad to embrace the storm!” For this, a reward awaits him: the voices of heaven and earth, “shy birds,” grass and stones - everything surrounding the hero becomes clear to him. Mtsyri is ready to experience amazing moments of communication with living nature, dreams and hopes in the midday heat under an unspeakably clear - such that one could even see an angel - sky. So he again feels life and its joy in himself.

Against the backdrop of beautiful mountain landscapes, his love, a young Georgian girl, appears before Mtsyri. Its beauty is harmonious and combines all the best natural colors: the mysterious blackness of the nights and the gold of the day. Mtsyri, living in a monastery, dreamed of his homeland, and that is why he does not succumb to the temptation of love. The hero goes forward, and then nature turns to him with its second face.

Night is coming, the cold and impenetrable night of the Caucasus. Only the light of a lonely saklya glows faintly somewhere in the distance. Mtsyri recognizes hunger and feels loneliness, the same one that tormented him in the monastery. And the forest stretches on and on, surrounds Mtsyri with an “impenetrable wall,” and he realizes that he is lost. Nature, so friendly to him during the day, suddenly turns into a terrible enemy, ready to lead the fugitive astray and laugh cruelly at him. Moreover, she, in the guise of a leopard, directly stands in Mtsyri’s path, and he has to fight with an equal creature for the right to continue his journey. But thanks to this, the hero learns a hitherto unknown joy, the joy of honest competition and the happiness of a worthy victory.

It is not difficult to guess why such metamorphoses occur, and Lermontov puts the explanation into the mouth of Mtsyri himself. “That heat is powerless and empty, / A game of dreams, a disease of the mind” - this is how the hero responds about his dream of returning home to the Caucasus. Yes, for Mtsyri his homeland means everything, but he, who grew up in prison, will no longer be able to find his way to it. Even a horse that has thrown its rider returns home,” Mtsyri exclaims bitterly. But he himself, grown in captivity, like a weak flower, lost that natural instinct that unmistakably suggested the path, and got lost. Mtsyri is delighted with nature, but he is no longer her child, and she rejects him, like a flock of weak and sick animals rejects him. The heat scorches the dying Mtsyri, a snake rustles past him, a symbol of sin and death, it rushes and jumps “like a blade,” and the hero can only watch this game...

Mtsyri was free for only a few days, and he had to pay for them with death. And yet they were not fruitless, the hero learned the beauty of the world, love, and the joy of battle. That’s why these three days are more valuable for Mtsyri than the rest of his existence:

You want to know what I did
Free? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and gloomier...

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Mtsyri's personality and character are reflected in what pictures attract him and how he talks about them. He is struck by the richness of nature, contrasting with the monotony of monastic existence. And in the close attention with which the hero looks at the world, one can feel his love for life, for everything beautiful in it, sympathy for all living things.
What did Mtsyri learn when he found himself free?
In freedom, Mtsyri’s love for his homeland was revealed with renewed vigor, which for the young man merged with the desire for freedom. In freedom, he learned the “bliss of freedom” and became stronger in his thirst for earthly happiness. After living in freedom for three days, Mtsyri learned that he was brave and fearless.
Mtsyri’s feeling of happiness was caused not only by what he saw, but also by what he managed to accomplish. Fleeing from the monastery during a thunderstorm gave me the pleasure of feeling friendship “between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm”; communication with nature brought joy (“it was fun for him to sigh... the night freshness of those forests”); in the battle with the leopard he knew the happiness of struggle and the delight of victory; the meeting with the Georgian woman caused “sweet melancholy.” Mtsyri unites all these experiences with one word - life!
What does it mean for a hero to live?
To be in constant search, anxiety, fight and win, and most importantly - to experience the bliss of “holy freedom” - in these experiences the fiery character of Mtsyri is very clearly revealed. Only real life tests a person, revealing his essence.
Did Mtsyri find answers to the questions “is the earth beautiful”? Why does man live on earth?
Mtsyri saw nature in its diversity, felt its life, and experienced the joy of communicating with it. Yes, the world is beautiful! - this is the meaning of Mtsyri’s story about what he saw. His monologue is a hymn to this world. And the fact that the world is beautiful, full of colors and sounds, full of joy, gives Mtsyri the answer to the second question: why was man created, why does he live. Man was born for freedom, not for prison.
Why did Mtsyri die? Why, despite the death of the hero, do we not perceive the poem as a gloomy work, full of despair and hopelessness?
The origins of Mtsyri's tragedy lie in the conditions that surrounded the hero from childhood. The circumstances in which he found himself since childhood deprived him of contact with people, practical experience, knowledge of life, and left their mark on him, making him a “prison flower.”
The death of Mtsyri cannot be called reconciliation with fate and defeat. Such a defeat is at the same time a victory: life doomed Mtsyri to slavery, humility, loneliness, but he managed to know freedom, experience the happiness of struggle and the joy of merging with the world. Therefore, his death, despite all the tragedy, evokes pride in Mtsyri and hatred of the conditions that deprive him of happiness.

1. The idea of ​​freedom in earlier poems.
2. Confession of Mtsyri.
3. The fight with the leopard is the culmination of the poem.
4. The futility of trying to break free.

Alas! - for a few minutes
Between steep and dark rocks,
Where did I play as a child?
I would trade heaven and eternity.
M. Yu. Lermontov

The poem "Mtsyri" is the last romantic poem, written by M. Yu. Lermontov. The poet nurtured her idea (“to write the notes of a young monk of 17 years old”) for ten years. But attempts to embody the idea of ​​an individual striving for freedom from “stuffy cells” were made by the writer in earlier poems.

Back in 1830, at the age of sixteen, he wrote a short poem, “Confession.” A young monk, sentenced to death for “criminal” love, confides to the old man his dreams of unfulfilled happiness and life in freedom. The hero of the later poem “Boyar Orsha” is a slave who also passionately dreams of freedom. Moreover, he dares to love the daughter of his master, for which he also appears before the court of the monks. Lermontov subsequently included lines from these two poems in the poem “Mtsyri”.

In the spring of 1837, exiled to the Caucasus, the poet passed by the Mtskheta station, near Tiflis. There once existed a monastery, of which only ruins remain. Among these ruins, the poet met an old highlander monk. He told him how in his youth he was a novice in this monastery and was terribly homesick, dreaming of returning home. But gradually I got used to it, got involved in the everyday life of the monastery and took monastic vows. The old monk's story overlapped with the writer's own thoughts. Perhaps this meeting suggested to Lermontov the name of the poem - “Mtsyri”, which in Georgian means “novice”, “stranger”, “stranger”. It is known that initially he wanted to call the poem “Beri” - in Georgian it means monk. But, apparently, the name “Mtsyri” seemed to the author more consistent with the plan.

Only the first two chapters of the poem tell about the hero’s life from the moment he was brought to the monastery as a child until he found himself there again after an unsuccessful escape. The rest of the poem is Mtsyri’s confession, which reveals him to us inner world, his experiences during the three days that he lived in freedom. It is these three days that he counts real life, for which he would gladly give two lives spent in captivity:

I lived little and lived in captivity.
Such two lives in one,
But only full of anxiety,
I would trade it if I could...
You want to know what I did
Free? Lived - and my life
Without these three blissful days
It would be sadder and gloomier
Your powerless old age.

Having grown up “in the dark walls,” the young man retained memories of his former life in his homeland. Memories flash before him like a dream: his father appears in his mind’s eye - a brave and proud warrior. He hears the ringing of his father's chain mail, the voices and songs of his young sisters. The young man admits that he had the idea of ​​escaping for a long time:

A long time ago I thought
Look at the distant fields
Find out if the earth is beautiful
Find out for freedom or prison
We are born into this world.

And then at night, during a thunderstorm, “at a terrible hour,” when the monks, trembling with fear, lie prostrate before the altar and pray to God for protection, the young man runs away. He is not afraid of thunderstorms. He is intoxicated with freedom and feels his kinship with the forces of nature. He ran for a long time, not knowing where, until he was exhausted. Then he lay down in the tall grass and lay silently, listening to the voices of the animals. But their screams did not cause fear in him. He himself feels like an animal hiding from people.

In the morning, the hero woke up on the edge of a seething abyss and for a moment experienced fear. But this is only a momentary feeling. He is amazed by the beauty of nature, which he saw as if for the first time:

God's garden was blooming all around me;
Plants rainbow outfit
Kept traces of heavenly tears,
And the curls of the vines
Weaving, showing off between the trees...

Thirsty, the young man goes down to the stream. And here his meeting with a Georgian woman takes place - one of the culminating scenes of the poem. Throwing away her veil, confident that no one will see her among the mountains, the girl glides along the mountain path. This meeting excited and confused the young man so much that he came to his senses only when the girl had already gone far away. While she walks to the sakla, he looks after her and admires the slenderness of her figure and the lightness of her step:

She was already far away;
And she walked at least more quietly, but easily,
Slender under her burden,
Like a poplar, the king of her fields!

After a day's rest, the young man rushes towards his cherished goal - “to go to his native country” and for this he overcomes the difficulty of the road and the pangs of hunger. But it seemed that nature itself, of which the traveler feels himself a part, was standing in his way. Entering the forest, he loses sight of the mountains and goes astray. And now this young man, from whose eyes even in childhood neither despair nor physical suffering could squeeze out a single tear, falls to the ground and sobs frantically.

And then suddenly the hero has an enemy - a mighty leopard comes into the clearing. And a thirst for fight is ignited in his heart. Clutching a horned branch, he waits for an attack, and although the wild leap of the beast threatens him terrible death, he warns him with a sure blow, cutting the beast’s forehead:

And the first mad leap
I was threatened with a terrible death...
But I warned him.
My blow was true and quick.
My reliable bitch is like an axe,
His broad forehead was cut...

But a wounded animal is even more dangerous, and the battle begins to boil again. The leopard rushes at the hero:

And we, intertwined like a pair of snakes,
Hugging tighter than two friends,
They fell at once and in the darkness
The battle continued on the ground.

And the young man himself feels like a beast, just as angry and wild, seemingly having forgotten human speech.

I was on fire and screaming like him;
As if I myself was born
In the family of leopards and wolves
Under the fresh forest canopy.

And the hero emerges victorious from this battle. But, as befits a warrior, he pays tribute to the defeated enemy:

But with a triumphant enemy
He faced death face to face
As a fighter should in battle!

But this victory last minutes his celebrations. Coming out of the forest, the young man soon realizes that he has returned to his prison again, understands the futility of all his hopes and dreams. He still doesn’t want to believe it, doesn’t agree to admit that all his aspirations were in vain:

I thought it was a bad dream...

Suddenly a distant bell rings
It rang out again in the silence -
And then everything became clear to me...
And then I vaguely realized
What traces do I have to my homeland?
Will never pave it.

Thus, we see the evolution of the hero’s experiences - from bright hopes and rapture of freedom to the realization of the impossibility of finding the way to his homeland. He understands that “a flower raised in prison” is not capable of living in blooming garden. The first ray of sun will burn him. This realization completely deprives the hero of his strength. He falls and languishes in delirium. In this state he is found and brought to the monastery. They bring you to die. And it’s not that he’s physically exhausted. The leopard's claws struck him deep wounds. He dies because he does not want and cannot live further, after the collapse of all his hopes. Doesn't want to live in captivity again. He asks his teacher to take him to the garden, where he hopes to receive farewell greetings from his distant homeland.

The image of Mtsyri is contradictory and tragic. The hero irresistibly strives for freedom, but, having grown up in prison, he is not adapted to life in freedom and will never find his way to his homeland.