The role of nature in the play by Ostrovsky Groz. Essay “The role of nature in the experiences of characters

Theme "M. Bitter. Chronological table of life and creativity” occupies an important place in the school literature course. The writer is one of the most prominent representatives new romantic movement at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he was the founder of Soviet literature. His biography is no less interesting than his works: it is full of hardships, labor, struggles that the author went through during his difficult life.

Childhood and youth

One of the most prominent Russian and Soviet writers is Gorky. A chronological table dedicated to his biography should include the main, most important stages his life, the first of which are his childhood and teenage years. Future famous writer was born in Nizhny Novgorod in 1868. He was orphaned early and was raised by a strict grandfather. Due to constant need, the boy was unable to graduate from the local school. He was forced to work constantly to earn his bread. In the 1880s, he lived in Kazan, where he unsuccessfully tried to enter the university; here he became close to the populists and was even arrested.

Video: Zinovy ​​Peshkov (documentary, biography, 2015)

The beginning of creativity

Bitter, chronological table whose biography is the subject of this review, experienced many difficulties and hardships before he became famous as a writer. The 1890s became a new stage in his life. It was during this decade that he traveled around the country, visited the south, and began working for a clerk. But the most important thing is that his first literary experience: he writes his own stories, is published not only in newspapers hometown, but also in neighboring areas. He meets Tolstoy and Chekhov, and readers and critics pay attention to his works.

Dramaturgy

Gorky was a prominent playwright of the early 20th century. A chronological table of his life should include this new stage in his work. In the 1900s, he tried his hand at writing plays, which brought him not only all-Russian, but also European fame (“Bourgeois”, “At the Lower Depths”). These works are staged in leading theaters, and the young and talented playwright is being talked about as a new outstanding author of our time.

The table below summarizes the main milestones in M. Gorky's life.

Emigration

From 1906 to 1913 the writer lived in exile. However, he showed a keen interest in the events taking place in the country, and even before leaving he became a member of the workers' party. Abroad, he writes a novel, which marked the beginning socialist realism in literature. He was especially famous for his autobiographical works Maksim Gorky. The chronological table should also reflect this new stage in his work. The author writes a trilogy about his childhood, youth and mature age, reproducing in artistic form everything that he had to endure during the years of wandering, hardship and struggle against poverty.

Return

The writer perceived the October revolution ambiguously. On the one hand, he was an ally of the Bolsheviks, but was critical of their policies towards the intelligentsia. He got busy social activities and thanks to his efforts and efforts, many scientists and writers escaped poverty and starvation. Maxim Gorky, whose chronological table of life is presented in the article, went abroad in the 1920s under the pretext of treatment, but in fact because ideological differences with the party. He lived in different cities Europe, until the Soviet government invited him to return to the country.

last years of life

A chronological table of Gorky's life should include The final stage his creativity. In the 1930s, he returned to the USSR, began to work actively, and contributed to the consolidation of socialist writers. On his initiative, their first congress was held, at which this new thing was proclaimed dominant and the only correct one. The writer died in 1936. This event completes the chronological table. Gorky's life and work are reflected in it in brief for ease of remembering.

In A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm,” a significant place is given to nature. The very name of the drama means bright and strong a natural phenomenon. With the title of his work, Ostrovsky seems to emphasize that nature has a strong influence on human life.
Also, a huge role in the play belongs to the description of nature. Ostrovsky’s landscape is not only the background against which all events unfold, it seems to appear as a living actor, participating in the events taking place along with the other characters.
In the play “The Thunderstorm,” the reader is presented with magnificent pictures of nature. The city of Kalinov is located on the great Russian river Volga. The image of a freedom-loving and beautiful river is contrasted with the suffocating atmosphere of the city, in which there is nothing living, everything is outdated, gloomy, ossified. The beauty of nature affects a person, fascinates him with its strength and beauty. And how insignificant a person begins to feel compared to the strong river, mighty and virgin nature!
The beauty of nature exists regardless of a person’s desire, but it influences his consciousness in every possible way and reminds him of the eternal. Observing the beauty and life of nature, a person understands that his everyday, such small and insignificant problems seem completely insignificant in comparison with this proud and silent splendor. Next to nature, the human heart seems to come to life, it begins to feel joy and grief, love and hatred, hopes and joys more keenly.
Katerina is a dreamy person. Her entire bright, cheerful childhood was connected with nature. When a girl talks about her childhood, she first of all remembers her beloved mother, who doted on her, and caring for her favorite flowers, of which Katerina had “many, many.” Katerina also loved walks in the garden. The garden is Live nature in miniature. Katerina remembers her childhood, looking at beautiful landscape. Natural beauty the surrounding world is harmoniously intertwined with the girl’s speech itself, with lively, figurative, emotional speech. In the work, the image of Katerina itself is closely connected with the surrounding nature.
But not all of Ostrovsky’s heroes pay attention to this beauty. For example, Kuligin says that he cannot look at her enough throughout his life. Katerina also admires the beauty of nature with great pleasure. She grew up on the Volga and since childhood loves everything connected with this river and the nature around it.
But for most of the characters in the play, nature is completely unimportant. For example, Kabanikha and Dikoy, throughout the entire drama, never once expressed admiration for the beauty of the world around them. On the background surrounding nature both Dikoya and Kabanikha look especially pitiful. It is no coincidence that they are afraid of nature and its manifestations; for example, they perceive a thunderstorm as a punishment from above. In fact, a thunderstorm is a blessing for small town, mired in vulgarity, servility and cruelty. Thunderstorm as a natural and as social phenomenon washes away the veil of hypocrisy and hypocrisy with which the townspeople have hitherto covered themselves.
The feeling of love is inextricably linked with the beauty of the vibrant nature around. Very often the meeting of lovers takes place against the background beautiful landscape. The meeting of Katerina and her lover takes place on a wonderful summer night. The nature around lives and rejoices, and it seems that it does not care about human life.
Katerina admits to committed crime, that is, in his love, when the thunderstorm broke out. Natural phenomenon amazingly harmonizes with the feelings of a scolded and humiliated woman. During the confession, Katerina is in a dilapidated church. Of all the frescoes, only the picture of hell has survived.
Katerina feels deeply unhappy, a sinner who has committed a crime, she already hates herself and her action. At this time, it began to rain, as if it were trying to wash away all the dirt from human relationships so that they would appear in their pristine purity.
Katerina decides to commit suicide. The Volga River, her favorite since childhood, helps her in this. The girl throws herself into the waves of the river to get rid of human cruelty, hatred and hypocrisy forever. She cannot live among people, but nature remains on her side.