Actually a Kyshtym dwarf. Kyshtym dwarf, its history and secret
Why did Stalin deport the Chechens and Ingush in 1944? There are two widespread myths about this today. According to the first of them, launched back in the days of Khrushchev and happily taken up by today's liberals, there were no objective reasons for the eviction at all. The Chechens and Ingush fought bravely at the front and worked hard in the rear, but as a result they became innocent victims of Stalin’s tyranny: “Stalin hoped to bully the small nations in order to finally break their desire for independence and strengthen his empire.”
The second myth, nationalist, was put into circulation by Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, a professor at the Institute of Language and Literature. This scientist, when German troops approached the borders of Chechnya, went over to the enemy’s side, organized a detachment to fight the partisans, and after the end of the war he lived in Germany and worked at a radio station “ Freedom". Avtorkhanov’s version of events boils down to the following. On the one hand, the scale of the Chechen “resistance” to Soviet power is being inflated in every possible way, to suppress which entire divisions were allegedly sent along with aircraft that bombed “liberated areas” controlled by the rebels. On the other hand, the cooperation of the Chechens with the Germans is completely denied:
“... being even right at the borders of the Chechen-Ingush Republic, the Germans did not transfer a single rifle or cartridge to Checheno-Ingushetia. Only individual spies and a large number of leaflets were transferred. But this was done wherever the front passed. But the main thing is that Israilov’s uprising began in the winter of 1940, i.e. even when Stalin was in alliance with Hitler."
This myth is adhered to, first of all, by the current Chechen “independence fighters”, since it pleases their national pride. However, many who approve of deportation are also inclined to believe it, since it seems justified. And completely in vain. Yes, during the war years, the Chechens and Ingush committed crimes, much more serious than the story of the notorious white horse, allegedly given by the Chechen elders to Hitler. However, one should not create a false heroic aura around this. The reality is much more prosaic and uglier.
Mass desertion
The first charge that should be brought against the Chechens and Ingush is mass desertion. This is what was said about this in a memo addressed to People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Lavrentiy Beria “On the situation in the regions of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”, compiled by Deputy People's Commissar of State Security, Commissar of State Security 2nd Rank Bogdan Kobulov based on the results of his trip to Checheno-Ingushetia in October 1943 and dated November 9, 1943:
“The attitude of the Chechens and Ingush towards Soviet power was clearly expressed in desertion and evasion of conscription into the Red Army.
During the first mobilization in August 1941, out of 8,000 people subject to conscription, 719 people deserted.
In October 1941, out of 4,733 people, 362 evaded conscription.
In January 1942, when recruiting the national division, it was possible to call up only 50 percent of the personnel.
In March 1942, out of 14,576 people, 13,560 deserted and evaded service, went underground, went to the mountains and joined gangs.
In 1943, out of 3,000 volunteers, the number of deserters was 1,870.”
In total, during the three years of the war, 49,362 Chechens and Ingush deserted from the ranks of the Red Army, another 13,389 brave sons of the mountains evaded conscription, which makes a total of 62,751 people.
How many Chechens and Ingush fought at the front? Defenders of “repressed peoples” invent various fables on this score. For example, Doctor of Historical Sciences Hadji-Murat Ibragimbayli states: “More than 30 thousand Chechens and Ingush fought on the fronts. In the first weeks of the war, more than 12 thousand communists and Komsomol members - Chechens and Ingush - joined the army, most of whom died in battle.”
The reality looks much more modest. While in the ranks of the Red Army, 2.3 thousand Chechens and Ingush died or went missing. Is it a lot or a little? The Buryat people, half the size of the people, who were not threatened by the German occupation, lost 13 thousand people at the front, one and a half times less than the Chechens and Ingush Ossetians - 10.7 thousand.
As of March 1949, among the special settlers there were 4,248 Chechens and 946 Ingush who had previously served in the Red Army. Contrary to popular belief, a number of Chechens and Ingush were exempted from being sent to settlements for their military merits. As a result, we get that no more than 10 thousand Chechens and Ingush served in the ranks of the Red Army, while over 60 thousand of their relatives evaded mobilization or deserted.
Let's say a few words about the notorious 114th Chechen-Ingush Cavalry Division, the exploits of which pro-Chechen authors love to talk about. Due to the stubborn reluctance of the indigenous inhabitants of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to go to the front, its formation was never completed, and the personnel who were able to be drafted were sent to reserve and training units in March 1942.
Banditry
The next charge is banditry. From July 1941 to 1944, only in the territory of the Chi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which was later transformed into the Grozny region, state security agencies destroyed 197 gangs. At the same time, the total irretrievable losses of the bandits amounted to 4,532 people: 657 killed, 2,762 captured, 1,113 turned themselves in. Thus, in the ranks of the gangs that fought against the Red Army, almost twice as many Chechens and Ingush died or were captured as at the front. And this is not counting the losses of the Vainakhs who fought on the side of the Wehrmacht in the so-called “eastern battalions”! And since banditry is impossible in these conditions without the complicity of the local population, many “peaceful Chechens” can also, with a clear conscience, be classified as traitors.
By that time, the old “cadres” of abreks and local religious authorities, through the efforts of the OGPU and then the NKVD, had been largely driven out. They were replaced by young gangsters - Komsomol members and communists raised by the Soviet regime, who studied in Soviet universities, who clearly demonstrated the truth of the proverb “No matter how much you feed the wolf, he keeps looking into the forest.”
Its typical representative was Khasan Israilov, mentioned by Avtorkhanov, also known under the pseudonym “Terloev,” which he took from the name of his teip. He was born in 1910 in the village of Nachkhoy, Galanchozh district. In 1929 he joined the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), and in the same year he entered the Komvuz in Rostov-on-Don. In 1933, to continue his studies, Israilov was sent to Moscow to the Communist University of the Toilers of the East named after. I.V. Stalin. In 1935 he was arrested under Art. 58–10 part 2 and 95 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR and was sentenced to 5 years in forced labor camps, but was released in 1937. Returning to his homeland, he worked as a lawyer in the Shatoevsky district.
Uprising of 1941
After the start of the Great Patriotic War Khasan Israilov, together with his brother Hussein, went underground, developing vigorous activity to prepare a general uprising. For this purpose, he held 41 meetings in various villages, created combat groups in the Galanchozh and Itum-Kalinsky regions, as well as in Borzoi, Kharsinoy, Dagi-Borzoi, Achekhne and other settlements. Representatives were also sent to the neighboring Caucasian republics.
Initially, the uprising was scheduled for the fall of 1941 in order to coincide with the approach of German troops. However, as the blitzkrieg schedule began to come apart at the seams, its deadline was postponed to January 10, 1942. But it was too late: due to low discipline and the lack of clear communication between the rebel cells, it was not possible to postpone the uprising. The situation got out of control. A single coordinated action did not take place, resulting in scattered premature actions of individual groups.
So, on October 21, 1941, residents of the Khilokhoy village of the Nachkhoevsky village council of the Galanchozhsky district plundered the collective farm and offered armed resistance to the task force trying to restore order. An operational detachment of 40 people was sent to the area to arrest the instigators. Underestimating the seriousness of the situation, his commander divided his men into two groups, heading to the villages of Khaibakhai and Khilokhoy. This turned out to be a fatal mistake. The first of the groups was surrounded by rebels. Having lost four people killed and six wounded in the shootout, as a result of the cowardice of the group leader, she was disarmed and, with the exception of four operatives, shot. The second, hearing the firefight, began to retreat and, being surrounded in the village of Galanchozh, was also disarmed. As a result, the uprising was suppressed only after the deployment of large forces.
A week later, on October 29, police officers detained Naizulu Dzhangireev in the village of Borzoi, Shatoevsky district, who was evading labor service and inciting the population to do so. His brother, Guchik Dzhangireev, called his fellow villagers for help. After Guchik’s statement: “There is no Soviet power, we can act,” the gathered crowd disarmed the police officers, destroyed the village council and plundered the collective farm’s livestock. Together with rebels from the surrounding villages who joined, the Borzoevites offered armed resistance to the NKVD task force, however, unable to withstand the retaliatory strike, they scattered through the forests and gorges, like the participants in a similar performance that took place a little later in the Bavloevsky village council of the Itum-Kalinsky district.
However, it was not in vain that Israilov studied at the Communist University! Remembering Lenin’s statement “Give us an organization of revolutionaries, and we will turn Russia over,” he actively took up party building. Israilov built his organization on the principle of armed detachments, covering with their activities a certain area or group of settlements. The main link was the village committees or threes and fives, which carried out anti-Soviet and rebel work on the ground.
Already on January 28, 1942, Israilov held an illegal meeting in Ordzhonikidze (now Vladikavkaz), at which the “Special Party of Caucasian Brothers” (OPKB) was established. As befits a self-respecting party, the OPKB had its own charter, a program providing for “the creation in the Caucasus of a free fraternal Federal Republic of the states of the fraternal peoples of the Caucasus under the mandate of the German Empire,” as well as symbols:
“The coat of arms of the OPKB means:
A) the eagle’s head is surrounded by an image of the sun with eleven golden rays;
B) on its front wing there is a bunch of scythe, sickle, hammer and handle;
C) a poisonous snake is drawn in the claws of his right foot in a captured form;
D) a pig is drawn in the claws of his left foot in a captured form;
D) on the back between the wings two armed people in Caucasian uniform are drawn, one of them is shooting at a snake, and the other is cutting a pig with a saber...
The explanation of the COAT OF ARMS is as follows:
I. Eagle in general means the Caucasus.
II. The sun signifies Freedom.
III. Eleven sun rays represent the eleven fraternal peoples of the Caucasus.
IV. Kosa denotes a pastoralist-peasant;
Sickle - farmer-peasant;
Hammer - a worker from the Caucasian brothers;
The pen is science and study for the brothers of the Caucasus.
V. Poisonous snake - denotes a Bolshevik who has suffered defeat.
VI. Pig - denotes a Russian barbarian who has suffered defeat.
VII. Armed people - denotes the brothers of the OPKB, leading the fight against Bolshevik barbarism and Russian despotism."
Later, in order to better suit the tastes of future German masters, Israilov renamed his organization the National Socialist Party of the Caucasian Brothers (NSPKB). Its number, according to the NKVD, soon reached 5,000 people. This is quite similar to the truth, considering that in February 1944, the NKVD task force captured lists of members of the NSPKB in 20 villages of the Itum-Kalinsky, Galanchozhsky, Shatoevsky and Prigorodny districts of the Chi ASSR with a total number of 540 people, despite the fact that only in Chechnya ( excluding Ingushetia) then there were about 250 villages.
Uprisings of 1942
Another large anti-Soviet group on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia was the so-called “Checheno-Mountain National Socialist Underground Organization” created in November 1941. Its leader, Mairbek Sheripov, like Israilov, was a representative of the new generation. The son of a tsarist officer and the younger brother of the famous commander of the so-called “Chechen Red Army” Aslanbek Sheripov, who was killed in September 1919 in a battle with Denikin’s troops, was born in 1905. Just like Israilov, he joined the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), was also arrested for anti-Soviet propaganda - in 1938, and in 1939 was released due to lack of proof of guilt. However, unlike Israilov, Sheripov had a higher social status, being the chairman of the Forest Industry Council of the Chi ASSR.
Having gone illegal in the fall of 1941, Mairbek Sheripov united around himself gang leaders, deserters, fugitive criminals hiding in the Shatoevsky, Cheberloyevsky and part of the Itum-Kalinsky districts, and also established connections with religious and teip authorities of the villages, trying with their help to persuade population to an armed uprising against Soviet power. Sheripov’s main base, where he hid and recruited like-minded people, was in the Shatoevsky district. There he had extensive family connections.
Sheripov repeatedly changed the name of his organization: “Society for the Rescue of Mountain People”, “Union of Liberated Mountain People”, “Checheno-Ingush Union of Mountain Nationalists” and, finally, as a logical result, “Checheno-Mountain National Socialist Underground Organization”. In the first half of 1942, he wrote a program for the organization, in which he outlined its ideological platform, goals and objectives.
After the front approached the borders of the republic, in August 1942, Sheripov managed to establish contact with the inspirer of a number of past uprisings, the mullah and associate of Imam Gotsinsky, Dzhavotkhan Murtazaliev, who had been in an illegal situation with his entire family since 1925. Taking advantage of his authority, he managed to raise a major uprising in the Itum-Kalinsky and Shatoevsky regions.
The uprising began in the village of Dzumskaya, Itum-Kalinsky district. Having defeated the village council and the board of the collective farm, Sheripov led the bandits who had rallied around him to the regional center of the Shatoevsky district - the village of Khimoi. On August 17, Himoy was taken, the rebels destroyed party and Soviet institutions, and the local population plundered and stole the property stored there. The capture of the regional center was successful thanks to the betrayal of the head of the department for combating banditry of the NKVD CHI ASSR, Ingush Idris Aliyev, who maintained contact with Sheripov. A day before the attack, he prudently recalled an operational group and a military unit from Khimoy, which were specifically intended to guard the regional center in the event of a raid.
After this, about 150 participants in the rebellion, led by Sheripov, set out to capture the regional center of Itum-Kale of the district of the same name, joining rebels and criminals along the way. Itum-Kale was surrounded by one and a half thousand rebels on August 20. However, they were unable to take the village. The small garrison located there repulsed all attacks, and the two companies that approached put the rebels to flight. The defeated Sheripov tried to unite with Israilov, but the state security agencies were finally able to organize a special operation, as a result of which the leader of the Shatoev bandits was killed on November 7, 1942.
The next uprising was organized in October of the same year by the German non-commissioned officer Reckert, who was sent to Chechnya in August at the head of a sabotage group. Having established contact with Rasul Sakhabov’s gang, he, with the assistance of religious authorities, recruited up to 400 people and, supplying them with German weapons dropped from airplanes, managed to raise a number of villages in the Vedensky and Cheberloevsky districts. However, thanks to the operational and military measures taken, this armed uprising was liquidated, Reckert was killed, and the commander of another sabotage group, Dzugaev, who had joined him, was arrested. The actives of the rebel formation created by Reckert and Rasul Sahabov, numbering 32 people, were also arrested, and Sahabov himself was killed in October 1943 by his bloodline Ramazan Magomadov, who was promised forgiveness for bandit activities for this.
Harboring saboteurs
After the front line approached the borders of the republic, the Germans began to send scouts and saboteurs into the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia. These sabotage groups were received extremely favorably by the local population. The abandoned agents were given the following tasks: to create and maximally strengthen bandit-rebel formations and thereby divert parts of the active Red Army to themselves; carry out a series of sabotages; block the most important roads for the Red Army; commit terrorist acts, etc.
Reckert's group achieved the greatest success, as described above. The largest reconnaissance and sabotage group of 30 paratroopers was deployed on August 25, 1942 to the territory of the Ataginsky district near the village of Cheshki. Chief Lieutenant Lange, who headed it, intended to raise a massive armed uprising in the mountainous regions of Chechnya. To do this, he established contact with Khasan Israilov, as well as with the traitor Elmurzaev, who, being the head of the Staro-Yurt regional department of the NKVD, in August 1942 went into hiding together with the district commissioner of the procurement office Gaitiev and four policemen, taking 8 rifles and several million rubles money.
However, Lange failed in this endeavor. Having failed to complete what was planned and pursued by security service units, the chief lieutenant with the remnants of his group (6 people, all Germans) managed, with the help of Chechen guides led by Khamchiev and Beltoev, to cross the front line back to the Germans. Israilov also did not live up to expectations, whom Lange described as a dreamer, and called the “Caucasian brothers” program he wrote stupid.
Nevertheless, making his way to the front line through the villages of Chechnya and Ingushetia, Lange continued to work on creating gangster cells, which he called “Abwehr groups.” He organized groups: in the village of Surkhakhi, Nazran district, numbering 10 people, led by Raad Dakuev, in the village of Yandyrka, Sunzhensky district, numbering 13 people, in the village of Srednie Achaluki, Achaluk district, numbering 13 people, in the village of Psedakh of the same district - 5 people. In the village of Goyty, a cell of 5 people was created by a member of the Lange group, non-commissioned officer Keller.
Simultaneously with Lange’s detachment, on August 25, 1942, Osman Gube’s group was also thrown into the territory of the Galanchozh region. Its commander Osman Saidnurov (he took the pseudonym Gube while in exile), an Avar by nationality, was born in 1892 in the village of Erpeli, now Buinaksky district of the Dagestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, into the family of a textile merchant. In 1915 he voluntarily joined the Russian army. During civil war served with Denikin with the rank of lieutenant and commanded a squadron. In October 1919 he deserted, lived in Tbilisi, and from 1921, after the liberation of Georgia by the Reds, in Turkey, from where he was expelled in 1938 for anti-Soviet activities. After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, Osman Gube underwent training at a German intelligence school and was placed at the disposal of naval intelligence.
The Germans pinned special hopes on Osman Gube, planning to make him their governor in the North Caucasus. To increase his authority in the eyes of the local population, he was even allowed to pose as a German colonel. However, these plans were not destined to come true - at the beginning of January 1943, Osman Gube and his group were arrested by state security agencies. During the interrogation, the failed Caucasian Gauleiter made an eloquent confession:
“Among the Chechens and Ingush, I easily found the right people who were ready to betray, go over to the side of the Germans and serve them.
I was surprised: what are these people unhappy with? Chechens and Ingush under Soviet rule lived prosperously, in abundance, much better than in pre-revolutionary time, which I personally became convinced of after more than 4 months of being on the territory of Checheno-Ingushetia.
The Chechens and Ingush, I repeat, do not need anything, which caught my eye when I recalled the difficult conditions and constant hardships that the mountain emigration found in Turkey and Germany. I did not find any other explanation except that these people from the Chechens and Ingush, with treasonous sentiments towards their Motherland, were guided by selfish considerations, the desire under the Germans to preserve at least the remnants of their well-being, to provide a service in compensation for which the occupiers would leave them at least part of what they had livestock and products, land and housing."
Contrary to Avtorkhanov’s assurances, the Germans also widely practiced parachuting weapons for Chechen bandits. Moreover, in order to impress the local population, they once even dropped small changeable silver coins of royal mintage.
The district committee is closed - everyone has joined the gang
A reasonable question arises: where have the local internal affairs bodies been looking all this time? The NKVD of Checheno-Ingushetia was then headed by state security captain Sultan Albogachiev, an Ingush by nationality, who had previously worked as an investigator in Moscow. In this capacity he was particularly cruel. This was especially evident during the investigation into the case of Academician Nikolai Vavilov. It was he, together with the former executive secretary of Moskovsky Komsomolets Lev Shvartsman, who, according to Vavilov’s son, tortured the academician for 7–8 hours straight.
Albogachiev’s zeal did not go unnoticed - having received a promotion, on the eve of the Great Patriotic War he returned to his native republic. However, it soon became clear that the newly appointed People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of Checheno-Ingushetia was by no means eager to fulfill his direct responsibilities in eradicating banditry. This is evidenced by numerous minutes of meetings of the Bureau of the Chechen-Ingush Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks:
- July 15, 1941: “People's Commissar Comrade. Albogachiev did not strengthen the People’s Commissariat organizationally, did not unite workers and did not organize an active fight against banditry and desertion.”
- beginning of August 1941: “Albogachiev, heading the NKVD, dissociates himself in every way from participating in the fight against terrorists.”
- November 9, 1941: “The People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs (People's Commissar Comrade Albogachiev) did not comply with the resolution of the Bureau of the Chechen-Ingush Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated July 25, 1941, the fight against banditry until recently was built on passive methods, resulting in banditry not only was it not liquidated, but on the contrary, it intensified its actions.”
What was the reason for such passivity? During one of the security and military operations, servicemen of the 263rd regiment of the Tbilisi division of the NKVD troops, Lieutenant Anekeyev and Sergeant Major Netsikov, discovered Israilov-Terloev’s duffel bag with his diary and correspondence. These documents also contained a letter from Albogachiev with the following content:
“Dear Terloev! Hello to you! I am very upset that your highlanders started an uprising ahead of schedule (Meaning the uprising of October 1941 - I.P.). I'm afraid that if you don't listen to me, we, the workers of the republic, will be exposed... See, for the sake of Allah, keep your oath. Don't tell us to anyone.
You exposed yourself. You act while in deep underground. Don't let yourself be arrested. Know that you will be shot. Keep in touch with me only through my trusted collaborators.
You write me a hostile letter, threatening me with the possibility, and I will also begin to persecute you. I will burn down your house, arrest some of your relatives, and march against you anywhere and everywhere. By this you and I must prove that we are irreconcilable enemies and are persecuting each other.
You don’t know those Ordzhonikidze GESTAPO agents through whom, I told you, we need to send all the information about our anti-Soviet work.
Write information about the results of the present uprising and send it to me, I can immediately send it to an address in Germany. You tear up my note in front of my messenger. These are dangerous times, I'm afraid.
November 10, 1941"
His subordinates also matched Albogachiev (whose request for a hostile letter Israilov fulfilled in good faith). I have already mentioned the betrayal of the head of the department for combating banditry of the NKVD CHI ASSR Idris Aliyev. At the district level, there was also a whole galaxy of traitors in the internal affairs bodies of the republic. These are the heads of the regional departments of the NKVD: Staro-Yurtovsky - Elmurzaev, Sharoevsky - Pashaev, Itum-Kalinsky - Mezhiev, Shatoevsky - Isaev, the heads of the regional police departments: Itum-Kalinsky - Khasaev, Cheberloevsky - Isaev, the commander of the extermination battalion of the Suburban regional department of the NKVD Ortskhanov and many others.
What can we say about ordinary employees of the “authorities”? The documents are replete with phrases like: “Saidulaev Akhmad, worked as an investigator of the Shatoevsky RO NKVD, in 1942 he joined a gang”, “Inalov Anzor, a native of the village. Gukhoy of the Itum-Kalinsky district, a former policeman of the Itum-Kalinsky district branch of the NKVD, freed his brothers from the prison cell, arrested for desertion, and disappeared, seizing weapons,” etc.
Local party leaders did not lag behind the security officers. As was said on this score in Kobulov’s already quoted note:
“When the front line approached in August-September 1942, 80 members of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks quit their jobs and fled, incl. 16 heads of district committees of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, 8 senior officials of district executive committees and 14 chairmen of collective farms."
For reference: at this time the CHI ASSR included 24 districts and the city of Grozny. Thus, exactly two-thirds of the 1st secretaries of the district committees deserted from their posts. It can be assumed that those who remained were mainly “Russian-speaking”, such as the secretary of the Nozhai-Yurt RK of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Kurolesov.
The party organization of the Itum-Kalinsky district especially “distinguished itself”, where the 1st secretary of the district committee Tangiev, the 2nd secretary Sadykov and other party workers went into hiding. It was time to put up a notice on the doors of the local party committee: “The district committee is closed - everyone has joined the gang.”
In the Galashkinsky district, after receiving summonses to appear at the republican military registration and enlistment office, the 3rd secretary of the district committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Kharsiev, the district committee instructor and deputy of the Supreme Council of the Chi ASSR Sultanov, deputy. chairman of the district executive committee Evloev, secretary of the district committee of the Komsomol Tsichoev and a number of other senior officials. Other employees of the district, such as the head of the organizational and instructional department of the district committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Vishagurov, the chairman of the district executive committee Albakov, the district prosecutor Aushev, while remaining in their places, entered into a criminal connection with the already mentioned head of the reconnaissance and sabotage group Osman Gube and were him recruited to prepare an armed uprising in the rear of the Red Army.
The local intelligentsia behaved equally treacherously. Editorial staff member of the newspaper Lenin's way“Elsbek Timurkaev, together with Avtorkhanov, went to the Germans, People's Commissar of Education Chantaeva and People's Commissar of Social Security Dakaeva were connected with Avtorkhanov and Sheripov, knew about their criminal intentions and provided them with assistance.
Often, traitors did not even try to hide behind lofty words about the struggle for freedom and openly flaunted their selfish interests. Thus, Mairbek Sheripov, going illegal in the fall of 1941, cynically explained to his followers: “My brother, Sheripov Aslanbek, in 1917 foresaw the overthrow of the tsar, so he began to fight on the side of the Bolsheviks, I also know that Soviet power had come to an end, so I want to meet Germany halfway.”
Similar examples can be given endlessly, but it seems that what has been stated is more than enough to convince us of the massive betrayal of the Chechens and Ingush during the Great Patriotic War. These peoples fully deserved their eviction. Nevertheless, despite the facts, the current guardians of the “repressed peoples” continue to repeat how inhumane it was to punish the entire nation for the crimes of its “individual representatives.” One of the favorite arguments of this public is the reference to the illegality of such collective punishment.
Humane lawlessness
Strictly speaking, this is true: no Soviet laws provided for the mass eviction of Chechens and Ingush. However, let's see what would have happened if the authorities had decided to act according to the law in 1944.
As we have already found out, the majority of Chechens and Ingush of military age evaded military service or deserted. What is the punishment for desertion in wartime conditions? Execution or penal company. Did these measures apply to deserters of other nationalities? Yes, they were used. Banditry, organizing uprisings, and collaborating with the enemy during the war were also punished to the fullest extent. As well as less serious crimes, such as membership in an anti-Soviet underground organization or possession of weapons. Complicity in committing crimes, harboring criminals, and, finally, failure to report were also punishable by the Criminal Code. And almost all adult Chechens and Ingush were involved in this.
It turns out that the denouncers of Stalin's tyranny, in fact, regret that several tens of thousands of Chechen men were not legally put against the wall! However, most likely, they simply believe that the law is written only for Russians and other “lower class” citizens, and it does not apply to the proud inhabitants of the Caucasus. Judging by the current amnesties for Chechen militants, as well as calls heard with enviable regularity to “solve the problem of Chechnya at the negotiating table” with bandit leaders, this is so.
So, from the point of view of formal legality, the punishment that befell the Chechens and Ingush in 1944 was much milder than what was due to them according to the Criminal Code. Because in this case, almost the entire adult population should have been shot or sent to camps. After which, for humanitarian reasons, children would also have to be taken out of the republic.
And from a moral point of view? Maybe it was worth “forgiving” the traitor nations? But what would millions of families of dead soldiers think, looking at the Chechens and Ingush sitting behind the lines? After all, while Russian families left without breadwinners were starving, the “valiant” mountaineers traded in the markets, without a twinge of conscience, speculating in agricultural products. According to intelligence reports, on the eve of the deportation, many Chechen and Ingush families had accumulated large sums of money, some - 2-3 million rubles.
However, even at that time the Chechens had “intercessors”. For example, Deputy Head of the Department for Combating Banditry of the NKVD of the USSR R.A. Rudenko. Having gone on a business trip to Checheno-Ingushetia on June 20, 1943, upon his return he submitted a report to his immediate superior V.A. Drozdov on August 15, which said, in particular, the following:
“The growth of banditry must be attributed to such reasons as insufficient party mass and explanatory work among the population, especially in high mountainous areas, where many auls and villages are located far from regional centers, lack of agents, lack of work with legalized bandit groups... allowed excesses in the conduct of security and military operations, expressed in mass arrests and murders of persons who were not previously on the operational register and do not have incriminating material. Thus, from January to June 1943, 213 people were killed, of which only 22 people were operationally registered...”
Thus, according to Rudenko, you can only shoot at those bandits who are registered, and with others you can conduct party-mass work. If you think about it, the report leads to the exact opposite conclusion - the real number of Chechen and Ingush bandits was ten times greater than the number on the operational register: as you know, the core of the gangs were professional abreks, who were joined by the local population to participate in specific operations .
In contrast to Rudenko, who complained about the “insufficient implementation of party-mass and explanatory work,” Stalin and Beria, who were born and raised in the Caucasus, completely correctly understood the psychology of the mountaineers with its principles of mutual responsibility and collective responsibility of the entire clan for a crime committed by its member. That is why they decided to liquidate the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. A decision whose validity and fairness were fully understood by the deportees themselves. Here are the rumors circulating among the local population at that time:
“The Soviet government will not forgive us. We don’t serve in the army, we don’t work on collective farms, we don’t help the front, we don’t pay taxes, banditry is all around. The Karachais were evicted for this - and we will be evicted.”
Operation Lentil
So, the decision to evict the Chechens and Ingush was made. Preparations began for the operation, codenamed “Lentil”. State Security Commissioner of the 2nd Rank I.A. Serov was appointed responsible for its implementation, and his assistants were State Security Commissioners of the 2nd Rank B.Z. Kobulov, S.N. Kruglov and Colonel General A.N. Apollonov, each of which he headed one of the four operational sectors into which the territory of the republic was divided. L.P. Beria personally controlled the progress of the operation. As a pretext for the deployment of troops, it was announced that exercises would be held in mountainous conditions. The concentration of troops at their initial positions began approximately a month before the start of the active phase of the operation.
First of all, it was necessary to carry out an accurate census of the population. On December 2, 1943, Kobulov and Serov reported from Vladikavkaz that the operational security groups created for this purpose had begun work. It turned out that over the previous two months, about 1,300 bandits hiding in forests and mountains were legalized in the republic, including the “veteran” of the bandit movement, Dzhavotkhan Murtazaliev, the inspirer of a number of past anti-Soviet protests, including the uprising in August 1942. At the same time, during the legalization process, the bandits handed over only a small part of their weapons, and hid the rest until better times.
"17.II–44 years
Comrade Stalin
Preparations for the operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush are coming to an end. After clarification, 459,486 people were registered as being subject to resettlement, including those living in the regions of Dagestan bordering Checheno-Ingushetia and in the city of Vladikavkaz. On the spot, I check the status of preparations for resettlement and take the necessary measures.
Taking into account the scale of the operation and the peculiarity of mountainous areas, it was decided to carry out the eviction (including boarding people in trains) within 8 days, within which in the first 3 days the operation will be completed in all lowland and foothill areas and partially in some settlements in mountainous areas, covering more than 300 thousand people. In the remaining 4 days, evictions will be carried out in all mountainous regions, covering the remaining 150 thousand people.
During the operation in low-lying areas, i.e. in the first 3 days, all settlements in the mountainous regions, where the eviction will begin 3 days later, will be blocked by military teams led by security officers who have already been introduced there in advance.
There are many statements among the Chechens and Ingush, especially related to the appearance of troops. Part of the population reacts to the appearance of troops in accordance with the official version, according to which training maneuvers of Red Army units are allegedly being carried out in mountainous conditions. Another part of the population suggests the eviction of Chechens and Ingush. Some believe that they will evict bandits, German collaborators and other anti-Soviet elements.
There were a large number of statements about the need to resist the eviction. We have taken all this into account in the planned operational security measures.
All necessary measures have been taken to ensure that the eviction is carried out in an orderly manner, within the time limits specified above and without serious incidents. In particular, 6–7 thousand Dagestanis and 3 thousand Ossetians from the collective farm and rural activists of the regions of Dagestan and North Ossetia adjacent to Checheno-Ingushetia, as well as rural activists from among the Russians in those areas where there is a Russian population, will be involved in the eviction. Russians, Dagestanis and Ossetians will also be partially used to protect the livestock, housing and farms of those evicted. In the coming days, preparations for the operation will be fully completed, and the eviction is scheduled to begin on February 22 or 23.
Considering the seriousness of the operation, I ask that you allow me to remain in place until the operation is completed, at least mainly, i.e. until February 26–27.
NKVD USSR Beria".
An indicative point: Dagestanis and Ossetians are brought in to help with the eviction. Previously, detachments of Tushins and Khevsurs were brought in to fight Chechen gangs in neighboring regions of Georgia. It seems that the bandit inhabitants of Checheno-Ingushetia managed to annoy all the surrounding nationalities so much that they were gladly ready to help send their restless neighbors somewhere far away.
Finally everything was ready:
“22.II.1944
Comrade Stalin
To successfully carry out the operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush, following your instructions, in addition to the security and military measures, the following was done:
1. I called the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars Mollaev, to whom I informed the government's decision about the Chechens and Ingush and the motives that formed the basis of this decision. Mollaev shed tears after my message, but pulled himself together and promised to complete all the tasks that would be given to him in connection with the eviction. (According to the NKVD, the day before the wife of this “crying Bolshevik” bought a gold bracelet worth 30 thousand rubles - I.P.) Then, in Grozny, 9 leading officials from Chechens and Ingush were identified and convened with him, to whom the progress of the eviction of the Chechens was announced and Ingush and the reasons for their eviction. They were asked to accept Active participation in informing the population of the government’s decision on eviction, the procedure for eviction, the conditions for arrangement in places of new resettlement, and the following tasks were set:
In order to avoid excesses, urge the population to strictly comply with the orders of the workers leading the eviction.
The workers present expressed their readiness to put in their efforts to implement the proposed measures and have already practically begun work. We assigned 40 republican party and Soviet workers from Chechens and Ingush to 24 districts with the task of selecting 2-3 people from the local activists for each locality, who will have to give an appropriate explanation on the day of eviction before the start of the operation at gatherings of men specially assembled by our workers government eviction decisions.
In addition, I had a conversation with the most influential senior clergy in Checheno-Ingushetia: Arsanov Baudin, Yandarov Abdul-Hamid and Gaisumov Abbas, who were also informed of the government’s decision and, after appropriate processing, were asked to carry out the necessary work among the population through their associated mullahs and other local “authorities”.
The listed clerics, accompanied by our workers, have already begun working with mullahs and murids, obliging them to call on the population to obey the orders of the authorities. Both party-Soviet workers and clergy employed by us were promised some resettlement benefits (the norm of things allowed for export will be slightly increased). The troops, operatives and transport necessary for the eviction are pulled directly to the operation sites, the command and operational personnel are accordingly instructed and ready to carry out the operation. We begin eviction at dawn on February 23rd. From two o'clock in the morning on February 23, all populated areas will be cordoned off, pre-designated ambush and patrol sites will be occupied by task forces with the task of preventing the population from leaving the territory of populated areas. At dawn, the men will be called by our detectives to meetings, where they will native language the government's decision to evict the Chechens and Ingush will be announced. In high mountain areas, meetings will not be convened due to the large scattering of settlements.
After these gatherings, it will be proposed to allocate 10–15 people to announce to the families of those gathered about the collection of things, and the rest of the gathering will be disarmed and taken to the places of loading into trains. The confiscation of anti-Soviet elements scheduled for arrest has largely been completed. I believe that the operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush will be successful.
Each operational group, consisting of one operative and two soldiers of the NKVD troops, had to carry out the eviction four families. The task force's technology of action was as follows. Upon arrival at the house of those being evicted, a search was carried out, during which firearms and bladed weapons, currency, and anti-Soviet literature were confiscated. The head of the family was asked to hand over members of the detachments created by the Germans and persons who helped the Nazis. The reason for the eviction was also announced here: “During the period of the Nazi offensive in the North Caucasus, the Chechens and Ingush in the rear of the Red Army showed themselves to be anti-Soviet, created bandit groups, killed Red Army soldiers and honest Soviet citizens, and sheltered German paratroopers.” Then property and people - primarily women with infants - were loaded onto vehicles and, under guard, headed to the collection point. You were allowed to take food, small household and agricultural equipment with you at the rate of 100 kg per person, but no more than half a ton per family. Money and household jewelry were not subject to seizure. For each family, two copies of registration cards were compiled, where all household members, including absent ones, and things discovered and seized during the search were noted. A receipt was issued for agricultural equipment, fodder, and cattle to restore the farm at a new place of residence. The remaining movable and immovable property was registered by representatives of the selection committee. All suspicious persons were arrested. In case of resistance or attempts to escape, the perpetrators were shot on the spot without any shouting or warning shots.
“23.II.1944
Comrade Stalin
Today, February 23, at dawn, an operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush began. The eviction is going well. There are no noteworthy incidents. There were 6 cases of attempts at resistance by individuals, which were stopped by arrest or use of weapons. Of those targeted for seizure in connection with the operation, 842 people were arrested. As of 11 a.m., 94,741 people were removed from populated areas, i.e. over 20% of those subject to eviction were loaded onto railway trains, of this number 20,023 people.
Despite the fact that preparations for the operation were carried out in the strictest secrecy, it was not possible to completely avoid information leakage. According to intelligence reports received by the NKVD on the eve of the eviction, the Chechens, accustomed to the sluggish and indecisive actions of the authorities, were very militant. Thus, legalized bandit Saidakhmed Ikhanov promised: “If someone tries to arrest me, I will not surrender alive, I will hold out as long as I can. The Germans are now retreating in such a way as to destroy the Red Army in the spring. We must hold on at all costs.” A resident of the village of Nizhny Lod, Jamoldinov Shatsa, stated: “We need to prepare the people to start an uprising on the very first day of the eviction.”
In today's publications, no, no, and there will flash an admiring story about how freedom-loving Chechens heroically resisted deportation:
“I talked with a good friend of mine, a former border guard officer who took part in the eviction of Chechens in 1943. From his story, among other things, I learned for the first time what losses this action cost “us,” what a courageous struggle the Chechen people waged, defending every house, every stone with arms in hand.”
In fact, these are just fairy tales designed to amuse the wounded pride of the “warlike highlanders.” As soon as the authorities demonstrated their strength and firmness, the proud horsemen obediently went to the assembly points, without even thinking about resistance. Those few who resisted were not treated on ceremony:
“In the Kuchaloi region, legalized bandits Basayev Abu Bakar and Nanagaev Khamid were killed while providing armed resistance. A rifle, a revolver and a machine gun were confiscated from the dead.”
“During the attack on the operational group in the Shali region, one Chechen was killed and one was seriously wounded. In the Urus-Mordanovsky region, four people were killed while trying to escape. In the Shatoevsky district, one Chechen was killed while attempting to attack sentries. Two of our employees were slightly wounded (with daggers).”
“When the train SK-241 departed from the station. Yany-Kurgash Tashkent railway special settler Kadyev tried to escape from the train. During his arrest, Kadyev tried to hit Red Army soldier Karbenko with a stone, as a result of which a weapon was used. Kadyev was wounded by the shot and died in the hospital.”
In general, during the deportation only 50 people were killed while resisting or attempting to escape.
A week later, the operation was largely completed:
"29.II.1944
Comrade Stalin
1. I report on the results of the operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush. Evictions began on February 23 in most areas, with the exception of high mountain settlements.
By February 29, 478,479 people were evicted and loaded onto railway trains, including 91,250 Ingush and 387,229 Chechens.
177 trains have been loaded, of which 159 trains have already been sent to the site of the new settlement.
Today we sent a train with former executives and religious authorities of Checheno-Ingushetia, who we used during the operation.
From some points of the high-mountainous Galanchozh region, 6 thousand Chechens remained unevacuated due to heavy snowfall and impassable roads, the removal and loading of which will be completed in 2 days. The operation was carried out in an orderly manner and without serious resistance or other incidents. Cases of attempts to escape and hide from eviction were isolated and were stopped without exception. A combing of forest areas is being carried out, where NKVD troops and an operational group of security officers are temporarily stationed to garrison. During the preparation and conduct of the operation, 2,016 people of the anti-Soviet element from among the Chechens and Ingush were arrested and seized firearms 20,072 units, including: 4868 rifles, 479 machine guns and machine guns.
The population bordering Checheno-Ingushetia reacted favorably to the eviction of Chechens and Ingush.
The leaders of the Soviet and party bodies of North Ossetia, Dagestan and Georgia have already begun work on the development of the areas transferred to these republics.
2. To ensure the preparation and successful conduct of the operation to evict the Balkars, all necessary measures have been taken. The preparatory work will be completed by March 10, and the eviction of Balkars will be carried out from March 10 to 15.
Today we finish work here and leave for one day to Kabardino-Balkaria and from there to Moscow.
L. Beria ".
Noteworthy is the number of weapons seized, which would be more than enough for an entire division. It is not difficult to guess that all these trunks were not intended to protect herds from wolves.
Battalion stuffed into a stable
Of course, regardless of the real guilt of the Chechens and Ingush, in the eyes of current advocates of democracy, their deportation looks like an unheard-of crime. Alas, the era of “perestroika” with its orgy of unbridled anti-Stalinism is irrevocably gone. Again, the “exploits” of the current fighters for “independent Ichkeria” do not at all add to their popularity. An increasing number of our fellow citizens are beginning to think that the eviction of that time was completely justified.
In an effort to prevent such a shift in public opinion at all costs, liberal propaganda resorts to writing all sorts of horror stories about the crimes of Stalin’s guardsmen. Thus, a heartbreaking story about the brutal extermination of the population of the Chechen village of Khaibakh is regularly published on the pages of newspapers:
“In 1944, 705 people were burned alive in a stable in the high-mountain village of Khaibakh.
Old people, women and children of the high-mountain village of Khaibakh could not come down from the mountains and thereby thwarted the deportation plans. The head of the Podvig search center of the International Union of War Veterans and Armed Forces, who headed the emergency commission to investigate the genocide in Khaibakh in 1990, Stepan Kashurko, tells us what happened to them later.”
Before racking our brains over the question of how the executioners from the NKVD managed to push an entire battalion of Chechens into a wooden stable in a small high-mountain village, let us remember the situation in which the “extraordinary commission” headed by Mr. Kashurko operated. 1990, the eve of the collapse of the Union, an unprecedented surge of nationalism... “Popular fronts” are being created everywhere, real, and more often fictitious, grievances are being carefully remembered. A nationally concerned public is enthusiastically digging up nameless corpses, declaring them “victims of Stalin’s repressions.” Is it any wonder at the obvious absurdities and absurdities, especially since the main ones are yet to come:
“We rushed to the ashes. To my horror, my leg fell into the chest of the burnt man. Someone shouted that it was his wife. I had difficulty freeing myself from this trap. An eyewitness to the burning, Dziyaudin Malsagov (former deputy people's commissar of justice), told the crying old people what he experienced at this place 46 years ago, when he was seconded to help the NKGB. People burst through. They talked about burned mothers, wives, fathers, grandfathers...”
What, from the point of view of common sense, should any Chechen do if he knows that his wife was burned in this village? Especially considering the attitude of Caucasian residents towards family ties? Naturally, at the first opportunity, that is, immediately after returning from exile, go to Khaibakh to find her remains and give her a proper burial. And not leave them unburied in the ashes for several decades, so that all sorts of idle journalists will trample on them.
No less interesting, how was it possible to so confidently identify at first glance a burnt corpse that had lain for almost half a century in the open air? And could Kashurko, with his knowledge of criminology, independently and without prompting, distinguish the skeleton of a Chechen woman who was burned to death more than forty years ago from, say, the skeleton of a Russian slave who was burned a week ago?
By the way, the biography of the chairman of the “extraordinary commission” also looks very suspicious.
“On the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Victory, Marshal Konev was appointed chairman of the Central Headquarters of the All-Union Campaign along the Roads of War. I was a lieutenant commander in the Navy in reserve, a journalist."
So, according to in my own words Kashurko, in 1965 he was in the reserve, with the rank of lieutenant commander. However, in subsequent years, Stepan Savelyevich made a truly enchanting career. In 2005, according to the Novaya Gazeta certificate, he was already a retired captain of the 1st rank. Next year we meet him already with the rank of admiral. I finished my life path"a great and sincere friend of the Chechens and Ingush" with the rank of Colonel General.
Thus, we have before us either an impostor or a person of questionable mental health. Nevertheless, the nonsense he expounds is seriously replicated by the current media.
Abduction from the other world
However, let’s continue Kashurko’s story:
“The Chechens asked to bring Gvishiani to them, let him look people in the eyes. I promised to fulfill the request.
- Incredible. Were you going to invite Gvishiani to Khaibakh?
- We decided to steal it. With the help of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, we arrived in luxury home. But fate saved the executioner from answering - we were too late: paralyzed, he died. We returned to Khaibakh three days later. The mountaineers only said: “Death for the jackal!” To the beat of a drum, we burned his one and a half meter portrait in the place from where he commanded: “Fire!”
If you think that Mr. Kashurko sincerely confessed to committing a crime - preparing to kidnap a person, and now he can be brought to justice in accordance with the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, then you are deeply mistaken. Any lawyer will prove in no time that his client is in fact incriminating himself. The only way to kidnap a person who has already been dead for 24 years is by digging him out of his grave or flying to the next world. The fact is that Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani, who was the head of Beria’s personal security in 1937, to whom the Chechen-loving public attributes the burning of Khaibakh, died back in September 1966. Moreover, he was the most famous person in Georgia - Kosygin’s matchmaker and Primakov’s father-in-law. Gamsakhurdia simply could not not know that he had died long ago. Consequently, we are dealing with outright lies.
By the way, to evict or destroy a small village, a company is enough, which, logically, should be commanded by a captain. However, according to modern storytellers, the “executioner of Khaibakh” bore a much higher rank. According to the book “Unconquered Chechnya,” written by a certain Usmanov, at the time of committing his atrocity he was a colonel: “For this “valiant” operation, its leader, Colonel Gvishiani, was awarded a Government award and promoted to rank.” For another “human rights activist” Pavel Polyan, he is already a colonel general - according to his version, Khaibakh was burned by “internal troops under the command of Colonel General M. Gvishiani.”
True, two years later, Polyan, presumably, still bothered to read the reference book compiled by his colleagues at Memorial and found out that at the time described, Gvishiani held the rank of state security commissioner of the 3rd rank. In a Radio Liberty broadcast on August 3, 2003, he puts the matter this way:
“There is evidence that in a number of villages the NKVD troops actually liquidated the civilian population, including in such a barbaric way as burning. Relatively recently, this kind of operation in the village of Khaibakh, covered with snow, received wide publicity. Not being able to provide transportation for its inhabitants, the internal troops, and they were commanded by the third-rank state security commissioner Gvishiani, drove about two hundred people, and according to other sources, about six hundred to seven hundred people into the stable, where they were locked up and set on fire... And introduced into literature , however, without citing sources, a top secret letter from Gvishiani Beria:
“For your eyes only. Due to its non-transportability and in order to strictly carry out Operation “Mountains” on time, he was forced to liquidate more than seven hundred residents in the town of Khaibakh. Colonel Gvishiani.”
It must be assumed that “Mountains” is a subname of a subpart of the operation, which as a whole was called “Lentil.”
Fake in Brighton
Well, let's analyze the text of this “letter from Gvishiani Beria”. His very first phrase evokes a feeling of deep bewilderment. In fact, the words “for your eyes only” would be appropriate in a love note from some operetta, and not at all in an NKVD document. Anyone who served in the army or at least attended classes at a military department knows that in our country the following secrecy classifications were used: “secret”, “top secret”, “top secret of special importance”. However, the “For Your Eyes Only” stamp actually exists in nature. It is used in classified documents in the United States of America.
Thus, it is safe to assume that this “letter” was fabricated in the USA, and it was originally written in English, and only then translated into Russian. In this case, other inconsistencies in it immediately become clear.
So, for some reason Khaibakh is called a “town”. Meanwhile, in all the documents I have seen, Chechen settlements are designated as auls, hamlets, villages, but the term “shtetl” is not found anywhere. Gvishiani himself, a native Georgian, could hardly have used such a word. It’s another matter if the author of the “document” about the burned Khaibakh is some native of Zhmerinka living on Brighton Beach.
It is quite natural that the title “commissioner of state security of the 3rd rank”, mysterious for the American average person, turns into “colonel”, although in fact it corresponded to the rank of lieutenant general. In addition, the author of the “letter” did not know that the operation to evict the Chechens was called “Lentil”, and therefore came up with the name “Mountains” for it.
The most important thing is that there is no other documentary evidence of the extermination of the inhabitants of Chechen villages during the deportation, except for this stupid letter. If even the main “rehabilitator”, former Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Alexander Yakovlev, having access to all archives with the right to publish the contents of any of them, declares that there are documents about the burning of Chechen villages, but does not provide them or at least links, then We are clearly talking about the fruits of his sick imagination.
However, all these arguments will not convince the defenders of the rights of humiliated and insulted peoples. The main propagandist of the myth of the burnt Khaibakh is at odds with his head? It's OK. No documents? So much the worse for documents! They, of course, were destroyed or are still stored in a top-secret special folder.
In a new place
But let's return to the fate of the deportees. The lion's share of the evicted Chechens and Ingush was sent to Central Asia - 402,922 people to Kazakhstan, 88,649 to Kyrgyzstan.
If you believe the denouncers of “crimes of totalitarianism,” the eviction of Chechens and Ingush was accompanied by their mass death—almost a third, or even half, of the deportees allegedly died during transportation to their new place of residence. This is not true. In fact, according to NKVD documents, 1,272 special settlers, or 0.26% of their total number, died during transportation.
Claims that these figures are underestimated, since the dead were allegedly thrown out of the carriages without registration, are simply not serious. In fact, put yourself in the place of the head of the train, who received one number of special settlers at the starting point, and delivered a smaller number to their destination. He would immediately be asked the question: where are the missing people? Died, you say? Or maybe they ran away? Or were you released for a bribe? Therefore, all cases of death of deportees on the way were documented.
Well, what about those few Chechens and Ingush who really fought honestly in the ranks of the Red Army? Contrary to popular belief, they were by no means subjected to wholesale eviction. Many of them were released from the status of special settlers, but at the same time they were deprived of the right to reside in the Caucasus. For example, for military merits, the family of the commander of a mortar battery, Captain U.A. Ozdoev, who had five state awards, was deregistered for a special settlement. She was allowed to live in Uzhgorod. There were many similar cases. Chechens and Ingush women married to persons of other nationalities were also not evicted.
Another myth regarding deportation is associated with the supposedly courageous behavior of Chechen bandits and their leaders, who managed to avoid deportation and partisans almost until the Chechens returned from exile. Of course, some of the Chechens or Ingush could have been hiding in the mountains all these years. However, even if this was the case, there was no harm from them - immediately after the eviction, the level of banditry in the territory of the former Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic decreased to that characteristic of “quiet” regions.
Most of the bandit leaders were either killed or arrested during the deportation. The leader of the National Socialist Party of the Caucasian Brothers, Khasan Israilov, was in hiding longer than many. In November 1944, he sent the head of the NKVD of the Grozny region V.A. Drozdov a humiliated and tearful letter:
"Hello. I wish you dear Drozdov, I wrote telegrams to Moscow. Please send them to the addresses and send me receipts by mail with a copy of your telegram through Yandarov. Dear Drozdov, I ask you to do everything possible to obtain forgiveness from Moscow for my sins, for they are not as great as they are portrayed. I ask you to send me, through Yandarov, 10–20 pieces of copy paper, Stalin’s report of November 7, 1944, at least 10 pieces of military-political magazines and brochures, 10 pieces of chemical pencils.
Dear Drozdov, please inform me about the fate of Hussein and Osman, where they are, whether they are convicted or not.
Dear Drozdov, I need medicine against the tubercle bacillus, the best medicine has arrived.
“Greetings,” wrote Khasan Israilov (Terloev).”
However, this request remained unanswered. On December 15, 1944, the leader of the Chechen bandits was mortally wounded as a result of a special operation. On December 29, former members of Hasan Israilov’s gang handed over his corpse to the NKVD. After being identified, he was buried in Urus-Martan.
But maybe, having ensured minimal losses for Chechens and Ingush during eviction, the authorities deliberately starved them to death in a new place? Indeed, the mortality rate of special settlers there turned out to be very high. Although, of course, not half or a third of those deported died. By January 1, 1953, there were 316,717 Chechens and 83,518 Ingush in the settlement. Thus, the total number of evictees decreased by approximately 90 thousand people. However, one should not assume that they all died. Firstly, some of the deportees were counted twice. Because of this, their numbers turned out to be overestimated. By October 1, 1948, from among those evicted from North Caucasus 32,981 people were removed from the lists as being double-counted at the time of initial move-in, and another 7,018 people were released.
What caused the high mortality rate? There was no deliberate extermination of Chechens and Ingush. The fact is that immediately after the war, the USSR was struck by a severe famine. Under these conditions, the state had to primarily take care of loyal citizens, and the Chechens and other settlers were largely left to their own devices. Naturally, the traditional lack of hard work and the habit of obtaining food by robbery and robbery did not at all contribute to their survival. However, gradually the settlers settled down in the new place, and the 1959 census already gives a larger number of Chechens and Ingush than at the time of eviction: 418.8 thousand Chechens, 106 thousand Ingush.
the list of references is given at the link
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peoples who were entirely deported from their places of traditional settlement to Siberia, Central Asia and Kazakhstan. These administrative deportations were most widespread during the war, in 1941-1945. Some were evicted preventively, as potential collaborators of the enemy (Koreans, Germans, Greeks, Hungarians, Italians, Romanians), others were accused of collaborating with the Germans during the occupation (Crimean Tatars, Kalmyks, peoples of the Caucasus). Total number those expelled and mobilized into the “labor army” reached 2.5 million people (see table). Today there are almost no books of memory dedicated to the deportees national groups(as a rare exception we can mention the Kalmyk book of memory, which was compiled not only from documents, but also from oral surveys).
The years of the Great Patriotic War were harsh times in which many strange things happened. There is devastation, chaos, starvation all around. The country will live in this rhythm of life for several more years. Various peoples took part in the war, from Armenians to Ingush. But why does Stalin decide to deport the Chechens? Let's figure it out.
First, let's talk about Stalin's personality cult
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili) was born in mid-December 1878 in Georgian family. Place of birth: the city of Gori, Tiflis province. From birth, Joseph's body had some defects: two fingers were fused on his left foot, and his face was covered in pockmarks. At the age of seven, the boy was hit by a car. After the accident, the arm was severely injured, resulting in the fact that it could not be fully straightened for the rest of its life.
Joseph's father, Vissarion, was an ordinary shoemaker who worked for pennies. All his life he was very dependent on alcohol, consuming large quantities of which he severely beat Catherine, who was Joseph’s mother. Of course, there were cases when the son interfered in family squabbles. This was not successful, since Joseph often got hit on the hands and head. There was an opinion that the boy would be mentally retarded. But everyone knows how it really happened.
Joseph's mother, Catherine, was born into the family of a serf peasant engaged in gardening. All her life she was engaged in hard backbreaking work, while simultaneously raising a child. If you believe some statements, Catherine was very upset when she learned that Joseph did not become a priest.
So why did Stalin deport the Chechens and Ingush
There are two opinions on this matter. If you believe the first, then there were no real reasons for the deportation. These two peoples, along with Soviet soldiers led bravely fighting at the front, defending our homeland. According to one historian, Joseph Stalin simply tried to evict small peoples in order to “take away” their independence, thereby strengthening his own power.
The second opinion was made public by Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov. He said that during the entire war, almost fifty thousand Chechens and Ingush deserted. In addition, almost fifteen thousand people of the same nationalities simply evaded conscription for military service.
These two opinions are considered official. In addition to these, there are several other myths regarding why Stalin deported the Chechens in 1944. One of them says that banditry is to blame. During the first three years of the war in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, state security agencies were able to eliminate about two hundred organized criminal groups. As a result of the liquidation, most of the bandits were destroyed, even more were captured, and some simply surrendered. And if we also take into account complicity, without which no banditry would exist, many “mountain residents” automatically become traitors, and this, as we know, is punishable by death.
This raises the question: what were the Chechens and Ingush dissatisfied with? Why did they betray the country? The answer is simple. By going over to the side of the Germans, the people were confident that they would leave at least part of their livestock and land. Of course, this was a big mistake, but still the Chechens believed in the fascists more than in the Soviet government.
The next myth is the uprising that began in 1941. As soon as the war began, Khasan Israilov began to rapidly advertise the future uprising. And the methods were as follows: traveling to various villages and holding meetings, creating combat groups in some areas. The first act of the uprising was planned for the fall, in order to coincide with the approach of the fascists. But this did not happen and the deadline was moved to January. It was too late to postpone: poor discipline between the rebels was responsible for the cancellation of the uprising. But still, some groups began fighting.
In October of the same year, residents of a small village completely plundered it, putting up a strong resistance to the operatives. About forty people went to help. But at this rate the uprising could not be stopped. Only large forces were able to completely put an end to it.
In 1942 there was another uprising. The ChGNSPO group was created. Head – Mairbek Sheripov. In the fall of 1941, he went over to the side of the Germans, forcing several other leaders of similar groups and other fugitives to work with him. The first act of the uprising took place in the village of Dzumskoy. Here Sheripov, together with his associates, plundered and burned the village council and administration. Then the whole gang headed for Khimoi, the regional center. After a couple of days, the group managed to take control of this area, destroying Soviet institutions and looting the administration. The next action is a trip to Itum-Kale. Fifteen thousand people followed Sheripov. But, fortunately, it was not possible to conquer, since a strong resistance was received there. In November 1942 Soviet authority was able to put an end to the uprisings - Sheripov was killed.
If you rely on the laws, then the eviction of the Ingush and Chechens simply should not have happened. But it happened. What could have happened then if the Soviet government in 1944, when it deported peoples, had backed up its actions with law?
As mentioned above, many Chechens and Ingush deserted from the front or simply evaded service. Punishment measures were, of course, applied to them, as well as to other participants in the hostilities. Also, banditry and uprisings were punished. Everything was punishable by the criminal code, from harboring criminals to storing weapons.
Most likely, the authorities believe that laws are written only for Russian citizens and they simply do not apply to other nationalities. That is why the punishment for the crime was a little milder than it should be, if you follow the entire set of laws. But this was not done, because in in this case almost the entire Republic of Ingushetia would be empty. Plus, there would be additional costs associated with taking children and women outside of it.
Lentils
The operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush was codenamed “Lentil”. Head: Ivan Serov. The entire process was personally supervised by L. Beria himself. The pretext for sending troops was the statement that it was necessary to conduct urgent exercises in the mountains.
This year marks the 70th anniversary of the deportation of Chechen and Ingush peoples. The mass forced migration of peoples, unprecedented in history, has long been recognized as a crime, the peoples have been rehabilitated, and the creators of such punishment have undergone historical condemnation.
There are no guilty nations. To confirm the immutability of this political position, soon after the annexation of Crimea to Russia, a presidential decree appeared on the rehabilitation of repressed peoples - Crimean Tatars, Greeks, Bulgarians... But the historical tragedy is also being updated for other purposes. Such an unexpected update was the frequent quotation of one terrible document that explodes all ideas about humanity. It also formed the basis of the plot of the film "Ashes", filmed, as its creators explained, with a view to being shown at European film festivals. Archival investigation shows that we are dealing with a fake.
FEBRUARY 2014 marked 70 years since the deportation of the Chechen and Ingush peoples. History has never seen such a massive forced relocation. During this operation, during the period from February 23 to February 29, 1944 alone, 478,479 people were evicted and loaded into wagons, including 91,250 Ingush and 387,229 Chechens. On 177 echelons, the “special contingent” was sent to settle in Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
In order to restore historical justice, the Law “On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples” was adopted in 1991.
The stamp "For Your Eyes Only" is still used in classified documents of the US military department
Historians and archivists are doing a lot to ensure that the tragedy of the Chechen and Ingush peoples ceases to be a “blank spot” national history. Many documents on this topic, previously kept in secret storage, have now been declassified. Dozens of articles and monographs devoted to the February events of 1944 in the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic have been published.
However, documents are constantly published in the press and on the Internet, the authenticity of which is questionable. Based on them, films are created that distort the events of the past. One of these “documents” is a certain “report from Colonel Gvishiani” with the following content: “Top secret. To the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR, Comrade L.P. Beria. For your eyes only. Due to the lack of transportability and for the purpose of strictly completing Operation Mountains on time "I was forced to liquidate more than 700 residents in the town of Khaibakh. Colonel Gvishiani."
This “report” has been published several times. However, the publications never made any reference to the place of its storage, which raises doubts about its authenticity. A search for this document in the Russian state archives did not yield positive results.
The text of the “Gvishiani report” raises questions among experts, leading them to assume that it is a fake document. In the operational correspondence of the NKVD and the NKGB of the USSR there was no stamp “Top Secret. For your eyes only.” In the Soviet Union there were classifications: “Secret”, “Top Secret”, “Top Secret, Special Importance”. The documents could be stamped: “Making copies is prohibited,” but the stamp “for your eyes only” is not found in original documents of the law enforcement agencies of the Soviet Union. At the same time, the stamp “For Your Eyes Only” is still used in secret documents of the US military department.
Place of memory tragic events deportation. Photo: RIA News
The settlement of Khaibakh is called a “town” in the “Gvishiani report”. In fact, in operational documentation, Chechen settlements were always called auls, hamlets, villages, in in some cases they are mentioned without indicating the nature of the settlement.
In the "report" the operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush appears as Operation "Mountains", in reality it was codenamed "Operation Lentil".
The “report” contains neither the date of its signing nor the record number. This is incredible for the documentation of the NKVD troops! Even the copy of the document was marked with the originating number and the date of signing. The rule was mandatory for all documentation of the NKVD of the USSR without exception.
The "report" was signed by "Colonel Gvishiani". In fact, M. M. Gvishiani was never a colonel. In the period from February 1943 to July 1945. the real Gvishiani had the title of “state security commissioner of the 3rd rank.” It is absolutely incredible that he could “forget” his rank in his report to his superiors.
We should also dwell on the content of the arguments of “Colonel Gvishiani” about the reasons for the mass execution of residents in the village. Khaibakh. The “report” speaks of their “non-transportability,” which is not entirely true. The difficulties in carrying out the operation in the Galanchezhsky region are spoken of in the actual report of the People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L. Beria addressed to I. Stalin on the completion of the operation to evict the Chechens and Ingush dated February 29, 1944. The report, in particular, says: “From some points In the high-mountainous Galanchezhsky district, 6 thousand Chechens remained unevacuated due to heavy snowfall and impassable roads, the removal and loading of which will be completed in 2 days." We are talking about conducting an operation in the high mountain villages of this area. The settlement of Khaibakh was located 5 km east of the regional center of Galanchezh. About 1 km north of Khaibakh there was the village of Testeroi and then the valley of the Gekhi River began. There was no road connecting the regional center with Grozny in 1944. The entire journey of 60 - 70 km, of course, was not short, but it could be covered partly along the bed of the Gekhi River, partly along the road starting from the settlement of Gekhi.
How and when did the deportation of the population of the Galanchezhsky district actually take place? The answer to this question is contained in the original memorandum of State Security Commissioner of the 3rd rank M. M. Gvishiani addressed to the Deputy People's Commissar of Internal Affairs Colonel General A. N. Apollonov “On the results of the operation to resettle Chechens and Ingush in the Galanchezhsky district of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ", dated March 5, 1944.
"Gvishiani's report" raises questions among experts, leading them to assume that it is a fake document
The note is distinguished by a scrupulous calculation of the population of the entire Galanchezhsky district (7026 people) and each of its nine village councils. Source - population census data verified by operational workers. The last census took place in 1939. Almost 5 years have passed, and much has changed in the socio-demographic situation of the area, so employees of the regional department of the NKVD carried out a reconciliation to establish the exact population size on January 1, 1944.
According to the so-called report, in the small village of Khaibakh, 10% of the entire population of the area was destroyed. In fact, the figure mentioned there - 700 people - exceeds the total population of the Galanchezh village council at the beginning of 1944.
The actual report names the names of those who were absent from the villages during the operation. In 5 village councils (out of 9) 52 people were absent. The NKVD authorities took measures to detain them. Why does Gvishiani, reporting to the Deputy People's Commissar, stop there? The success of the operation was determined not only by the timing of its completion, but also by the number of resettled people.
According to Gvishiani’s report, the number of special settlers in the region was 7,163 people. In 6 out of 9 village councils, more people were evicted than originally planned. In three village councils (Yalkhoroisky, Akkiysky and Melkhestinsky) the number of displaced people is lower than planned (by 80 - 100 people). It should be noted that the total number of special settlers in the district (7,163 people) was not verified with data for each village council separately (7,255 people). Perhaps a mistake was made by the compiler of the note, or the document did not take into account losses during the transportation of people to the loading sites (those who died en route, those who fled and those killed while trying to escape).
M. M. Gvishiani’s memo, like other documents on the preparation and conduct of the deportation operation, is stored in the Russian State Military Archive (RGVA). We present some of them to the readers.
Original documents
Instructions for escorting special contingents resettled according to special instructions of the NKVD of the USSR
1. To escort echelons with special settlers, the Convoy Directorate of the NKVD of the USSR assigns a platoon of convoy troops (36 - 40 people) to each echelon.
2. Responsibility for organizing reliable protection of those resettled at the place of loading at railway stations, along the route and during unloading at places of resettlement rests with the commandant of the echelon, allocated from among the officers of the NKVD convoy troops. NCOs are assigned to assist the echelon commandant.
3. For each echelon, one NKVD or NKGB operative is allocated for operational and intelligence services for those resettled along the route. The operative is obliged to establish contact with agents and informants from among the special contingent and promptly inform the echelon commandant about this in order to take the necessary measures against possible attempts on the part of those evicted to engage in anti-Soviet actions and organized escape.
4. Before loading the special contingent into the carriages, the train commander is obliged to carefully check their serviceability in order to exclude the possibility of escape of those relocated during loading and en route.
5. Upon the arrival of a special contingent from the areas of deportation to the echelon, the commandant of the echelon immediately cordones off the echelon and does not let any of those being resettled outside the cordon zone. The echelon commandant is responsible for organizing the security of the special contingent during the loading period.
6. If it is necessary to use a special contingent to deliver water, fuel, food, etc. to the cars, the echelon commandant allocates a separate convoy to accompany them.
7. The echelon commandant receives a special contingent from the operational staff according to family cards drawn up for the head of the family. The officer hands over one copy of the family card to the echelon commandant against receipt.
8. At least 40 special contingent personnel must be seated in each two-axle car. The train must have 63 passenger cars, which must accommodate at least 2,500 people. In addition, one [car] is allocated for the convoy and one ambulance. If necessary, a punishment cell is organized in one of the carriages for persons violating the rules of movement.
9. After boarding the special contingent into the wagons, the train commandant or on his behalf, persons from among the convoy carefully fill out the wagon lists, in which all persons, without exception, loaded into the wagon, including infants, are recorded.
10. In each carriage, a senior carriage officer is appointed from among the special settlers, whose duties include responsibility for order in the carriage, recording and checking at least once a day all special settlers placed in the carriage, distribution of food, etc. About all incidents in the carriage (escape , death, etc.) the head of the carriage must immediately report to the commandant of the train. In the event of an escape while the train is moving, the train commandant at the first stop reports the identifying information of the escaped or lagging behind to the transport authorities of the NKGB or the police in order to take appropriate measures to search.
11. For every 8 - 10 cars, a senior is appointed from among the sergeants of the convoy troops, whose duties include monitoring the behavior of the settlers of this group of cars. Persons who violate the established order of movement may be transferred to a punishment cell car by the head of the train.
12. The train commandant places the convoy at the head and tail of the train and organizes communication between them both at stops and along the route in such a way as to exclude the possibility of group escapes and successfully repel possible attempts by bandit elements to attack the train.
13. The commandant of the train is obliged to report daily to the transportation department of the NKVD of the USSR about the movement, location of the train and its condition. For example: “Echelon N... proceeded to station “K” on January 5 this year. Signature.”
14. The organization of meals for those resettled along the route is carried out by the commandant of the train at established points. Payment for food is made by the commandant of the echelon in accordance with the established procedure. The train commandant receives money for food from a representative of the NKVD of the USSR in charge of monetary issues. 8 - 10 hours before the train arrives at the station where food should be prepared, the train commandant makes a request by telephone or telegraph.
15. All documents received by the echelon commandant in connection with expenses for resettled persons must be certified at the places of their expenditure by local NKVD authorities. It is prohibited to give money to migrants, except for the purchase of milk for children.
16. For medical care of those resettled, the People's Commissariat of Health allocates one doctor and two nurses. One carriage is allocated for medical personnel and patients. The doctor must have the required amount of medicine with him. In the event of a serious illness of migrants on the way, the commandant of the train transfers the patients through the local transport authorities of the NKVD for treatment to the nearest health centers and reports this to the Transportation Department of the NKVD of the USSR.
17. Upon arrival of those resettled at the unloading station, the train commandant hands over the displaced persons to representatives of local NKVD authorities and authorities according to the carriage lists. An act of surrender is drawn up, one copy of which [the commandant] keeps for himself.
Convoy troops accompany special settlers right up to their place of resettlement.
Enter this instruction as an addendum to PKV-39.
Chief of the USSR NKVD Convoy Troops, Major General Bochkov
Russian State Military Archive (RGVA). F.38660. Op.1. D.3. L.285 - 288. Certified copy.
From the combat log of the 145th Infantry Regiment of the Internal Troops of the NKVD of the USSR for the period from May 1, 1942 to December 31, 1946.
/.../February 24, 1944 At 1.00 the regiment received the task: at 6.00 in vehicles to jump to V. Alkun, from there in marching order to the Galanchezhsky district to conduct an operation in the mountainous regions. By the end of the day on February 24, 1944, the regiment arrived in vehicles in Upper Alkun, where they spent the night and on the morning of February 25, 1944, at 4.00, set out for Upper Yalkhoroy - 49 km along the mountain road.
February 25, 1944. The regiment marched all day long, the path was very difficult, a mountain road with large ups and downs, snow and frost with wind. At 24.00 we arrived in V. Yalkhoroy, the personnel settled down to rest. (specified where - editor's note) During the march, there were cases of frostbite among personnel.
On February 26, 1944, the regiment was divided into 4 groups (groups and their commanders are listed - editor's note). All groups went to the mountains to carry out an operation to evict the Chechen-Ingush population from mountain villages at a distance of 40 - 50 km. The regiment's headquarters was located in V. Kiy.
On February 29, 1944, units of the regiment began evictions in the indicated villages and escorting those evicted to assembly points. The eviction and escort of the special contingent were carried out successfully.
March 4, 1944 The regiment's units escorted a special contingent from the mountain villages to Nizhny Al/.../ and here they [handed over] it to the assembly point [and] headed by car to a new location - Art. Assinovskaya.
Russian State Military Archive (RGVA). F. 38771. Op.1. D.1. L.27ob. Script.
Memorandum of the Commissioner of State Security of the 3rd rank M. M. Gvishiani
Galanchezhsky district is administratively divided into nine village councils, which unite from 8 to 22 farms each. On January 1, 1944, the number of farms was 123. The population census was carried out and the census data was verified. workers found that 7,026 Chechen residents live in the area.
At the direction of the leadership, the operation to resettle residents of the district began on February 28, and in six village councils on February 29.
Results of the operation. According to the Yalkharoi village council, 1073 people and 213 households were subject to resettlement (according to population census data); 902 people and 203 households were resettled. According to the Meredzhoi village council, 712 people and 155 farms were subject to resettlement; 819 people and 168 households were resettled. According to the Nikaroi village council, 629 people and 107 farms were subject to resettlement; 796 people and 121 households were resettled. According to the Nashkhoi village council, 1,501 people and 257 farms were subject to resettlement; 1,508 people and 267 farms were resettled. According to the Peshkhoi village council, 441 people, 84 farms were subject to resettlement, 482 people, 93 farms were resettled. According to the Galanchezhsky village council, 581 people, 120 farms were subject to resettlement, 635 people, 179 farms were resettled. According to the Kiysky village council, 710 people and 126 farms were subject to resettlement; 820 people and 150 farms were resettled. According to the Akki village council, 769 people and 166 farms were subject to resettlement; 699 people and 142 farms were resettled. According to the Melkhestinsky village council, 610 people, 101 farms were subject to resettlement, 594 people, 92 farms were resettled.
Thus, 7,026 people and 1,330 households were subject to resettlement in the region; 7,163 people and 1,406 households were resettled.
In a number of village councils, some residents, mainly from among the legalized bandits and participants in the uprisings, disappeared, while others left for the surrounding areas before the start of the operation in the area.
So, in the Nashkhoi village council, 15 people were absent on the day of the operation, of which 5 were men, 8 women and 2 children. Of the men, 5 names were absent (5 names are listed - editor's note).
8 people were absent from the Kiysky village council (surnames are listed - editor's note)
Most of those listed were subject to arrest based on certificates. In the Akki village council, 16 people were absent (surnames are listed - editor's note). Of these, 6 people were detained and subjected to resettlement to other areas. In the Yalkharoi village council, 4 people were absent (surnames are listed - editor's note). In the Melkhestinsky village council, 9 people were absent (surnames are listed - editor's note). According to certificates and orders of the NKVD - NKGB of the Chechen Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, 30 people were arrested, 18 people (subject to arrest) were killed: Saigov Magomed, Mamaev Kortani and others. The remaining 10 people, subject to arrest according to certificates, disappeared on the day of the operation.
During the work of the task force since November 1, 1943, 197 weapons were confiscated in the area: Rifles - 139. PPSh - 4. Pistols and revolvers - 24. Smoothbore rifles - 29. Heavy machine gun - 1.
During the operation, weapons were seized in the region: Rifles - 29. PPSh - 1. Pistols and revolvers - 23. RGD 1933 grenade - 16. Live ammunition - 964. Smoothbore rifles - 7. Edged weapons - 276.
621 people were recruited as operational workers, of which 486 people took part in the operation in village councils, the rest were employed at assembly points.
Before and during the operation, several skirmishes between our troops and gangs took place in the area. As a result, 18 people were killed by bandits, 4 people were killed on our side (middle commander and 3 privates), one Red Army soldier was wounded - all from the 137th joint venture. Of those resettled, 19 people died or were killed along the way.
Commissioner of State Security 3rd rank Gvishiani.
Russian State Military Archive (RGVA). F.38660. Op.1. D.1. L.1 - 5. Original.
Documents have been shortened for layout reasons.
This strange incident took place in 1996. It caused a whole stream of guesses and assumptions, and among the general public it received the name “Kyshtym Dwarf”. Let's look at the chronology mysterious events, but it’s unlikely to be possible to draw any conclusions, since there are many dark spots and ambiguities. Therefore, we will limit ourselves to dry facts, and people with a rich imagination can themselves interpret the information received, which still causes bewilderment, confusion and many questions.
Chronology of events
Scene
The events took place in the village of Kaolinovy. It is located on the outskirts of the city of Kyshtym, located in the north of the Chelyabinsk region. This is the southern part of Russia, from which it is very close to Kazakhstan. Kyshtym itself is a small town. Its population is only 41 thousand people. This settlement is surrounded on all sides by lakes and forests. Chelyabinsk is 90 km away.
Characters
The main character was Tamara Nikolaevna Prosvirina, a resident of the village of Kaolinovy. This is an elderly woman. She suffered from mental disorders. She lived alone in a 2-room apartment. It was located on the 2nd floor of a 4-entrance, 4-story block building on the outskirts of the village. Had a son. At that time the man was in prison.
Tamara Nikolaevna Prosvirina
The sick woman, suffering from quiet insanity, was regularly visited by her daughter-in-law, her name was also Tamara. She brought food and helped clean the apartment. Sometimes her mother Galina Artemyevna Alferova came instead of Tamara. Grandson Sasha also visited his grandmother. At that time the boy was 14 years old. The daughter-in-law rented out a room to a certain Vladimir Nurdinov. He was a person with no specific occupation, and made his living by stealing non-ferrous metals. The daughter-in-law also had a partner while her husband was in prison, Vyacheslav Nagovsky. Tamara Nikolaevna’s neighbor Nina Glazyrina regularly came to see her.
Thus, it is clear that the mentally ill person was not abandoned to his fate. The woman was regularly visited and supplied with food. Prosvirina herself behaved quite adequately, and her relapses were rare. In such cases, the patient was taken to a psychiatric hospital, treated, and then sent home.
Mysterious discovery
Tamara Nikolaevna did not sit within four walls, but loved to walk in the forest. It was just a stone's throw from her house. On August 13, 1996, while walking, a woman found a strange creature in a wooded area under a tree. It resembled a baby, and did not exceed 25 cm in length. The head looked like an elongated onion. The mouth was a slit at the bottom of the face, and there were no lips. There were 5 fingers on each hand, and they ended in sharp claws. The body was covered with sparse fur. The creature lay on the ground and squeaked pitifully. The compassionate woman took him home, fed him and gave him the name Alyoshenka.
People who visited Prosvirina, naturally, soon saw a mysterious creature. Daughter-in-law Tamara later described it this way: “It didn’t look like a child at all. It made a quiet whistle. When it opened its mouth, 2 small teeth were visible. The head had Brown color, and the body is dark gray. The eyes are large, the gaze is meaningful, there are no eyelids. The pupils constantly dilated and contracted. The navel and genitals were missing. The fingers and toes were quite long. His mother-in-law fed him curd cheese. The creature sucked and swallowed it. There was no lower jaw, just some skin. They fed him with a spoon. The tongue was long and bright red."
In addition to her daughter-in-law, Alyoshenka was also seen by the other people listed above. In total, the Kyshtym dwarf (as journalists later called him) lived with Tamara Nikolaevna for about a month. The strangest thing was that the mysterious creature did not defecate. Only sweat appeared on the body in the form of perspiration. Tamara Nikolaevna wiped off this discharge with a cloth.
Further developments
As already mentioned, Tamara Nikolaevna suffered from a mental disorder. It just so happened that she began to have an exacerbation. The woman was taken to a psychiatric hospital, and Alyoshenka was left alone in the apartment. Without food or water, he soon died. After 10 days, my daughter-in-law appeared in the apartment. She arrived together with her lodger Nurdinov. This couple discovered Alyoshenka’s corpse.
There was a strange smell in the room, and insects were crawling on the body of the mysterious creature. The smell was not like a corpse. Rather, it corresponded to the smell of some synthetic resins. Nurdinov suggested that Alyoshenka is an alien and said that good money could be earned for him. He took the corpse with him and dried it in the sun. At the same time, the body was greatly deformed.
Within a couple of weeks, Nurdinov was detained for theft of non-ferrous metal. The case was led by the investigator of the Kyshtym Department of Internal Affairs, police captain Evgeniy Mokichev. During interrogation, the accused unexpectedly announced that in his parents’ house in the village of Bezhelyak there was a mummy of an alien creature. This information aroused the investigator's interest. He offered to go to the place and inspect this item. And indeed, upon entering the room, Nurdinov took out a small mummy wrapped in a rag from the closet.
When Mokichev returned to the department, he told his colleagues about the mysterious object and suggested that it was of extraterrestrial origin. But his colleagues laughed at the captain. Only police major Vladimir Bendlin took Mokichev’s words seriously.
Major Bendlin's investigation
The next day, Major Bendlin took a voice recorder, a camera, and a movie camera with him and went to Bezheljak. There he met with Nurdinov's parents and asked them to show him a strange mummy. Having examined the shriveled body, an employee of the Kyshtym police department came to the conclusion that this was not a human miscarriage, since due to the nature of his work he had to see dead babies.
The major removed the mummy for operational investigative measures and returned to the department. But the duty department refused to register such a strange find. Bendlin was tactfully hinted that he should deal with current affairs and not chase mythical aliens. Therefore, the major was forced to conduct an unofficial investigation in his free time.
Major Vladimir Bendlin
By the way, it was thanks to Vladimir Bendlin that the Kyshtym dwarf became known to the whole world. The police officer did a great job. He interviewed all the people who saw Alyoshenka alive. I filmed the testimony of my daughter-in-law Tamara Prosvirina and her partner Vyacheslav Nagovsky. The mummy was also shown to pathologist Stanislav Samoshkin.
He said that with 90% probability this is not a person. The skull had an elongated shape and consisted of 4 bones: occipital, frontal and 2 temporal. It somewhat resembled the helmet of a medieval knight. The ears were missing. There were 2 small holes at the edges of the head. Apparently they performed the functions of a hearing aid. The skeleton was different from a human one. The pelvic bones were intended not only for vertical, but also horizontal movement. The upper limbs were below the knees.
At the same time, Samoshkin said that a final conclusion can only be given after a DNA analysis. However, its cost is very high. The police department major could not afford such expenses. Officially, analysis is carried out only when a criminal case is initiated. But, as we remember, the investigation took place on Bendlin’s personal initiative. He did not contact his management, as he would still have received refusal and ridicule from his colleagues.
The major found himself at a crossroads, but his friends advised him to contact the Star Academy UFO-Contact. It was located in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk region. Vladimir called the academy and explained the situation. Literally the next day, 2 cars with ufologists arrived. Bendlin provided them with documentation, videos, and then showed Alyoshenka himself.
The senior specialist was a certain Galina Semenkova. She moved her hands over the shriveled body and declared that the creature was artificial. It was sent to study the Earth by Captain Fe. This is the commander of the space fleet, which constantly cruises in the part of the Galaxy where the Solar System is located.
Such a statement seemed rather dubious for a major inexperienced in universal affairs. But he thought that since people believe in all this, they will be able to get to the bottom of it and, in the end, will establish what the Kyshtym dwarf really is.
Ufologists said that they need to conduct appropriate research. They took the mummy with them and promised to keep Bendlin informed of events. But a week passed, then two, and there was no word or word from the specialists in extraterrestrial affairs. Then the major called them. He was told that the research had not yet been completed. And a week later, the ufologists themselves called the police department investigator and reported that Alyoshenka was an ordinary human miscarriage.
The end of the story about the Kyshtym dwarf
We could put an end to this. But the thing is that Kyshtym is a small town. The major's acquaintances were aware of his investigations, and one of them apparently shared information with employees of one of the local newspapers. Soon an article about a mysterious creature was published. Then a similar article appeared in Chelyabinsk Worker. After this, a Komsomolskaya Pravda correspondent came to the city. And this is already the all-Union level.
The news spread throughout the country, and Japanese television employees appeared in Kyshtym. They offered Bendlin 200 thousand dollars for Alyoshenka’s mummy. But the major no longer had it. He gave the coordinates of ufologists from Kamensk-Uralsky. The Japanese, through their channels, found out that the mummy was transferred to some research institute in Yekaterinburg. There they conducted appropriate research on her, but what their results were is unknown.
There are many forests and lakes near the city of Kyshtym
After that, about a month passed, and the major received a call from a Japanese translator. She said that Japanese specialists want to meet with the main eyewitness of all events, Tamara Nikolaevna Prosvirina. The fact is that she communicated with Alyoshenka for a long time, and therefore it is advisable to conduct an examination of her. The translator named the date and time when the specialists would arrive and asked to ensure the presence of the elderly woman. Bendlin assured that he would definitely do everything.
The major was on duty at that time, and literally half an hour after the telephone conversation he learned about a fatal accident in the village of Kaolinovy. It turns out that the car hit Tamara Nikolaevna. She left the house completely undressed, barefoot and fell under the wheels of a car.
The incident looked very strange. The village is not regional center with a population of one million. Only one car passes on the street every hour. In addition, although Prosvirina was mentally ill, she always went out dressed, but here she was only wearing a dressing gown. The woman didn't even put on slippers. But the most interesting thing is that the car that committed the collision was not found.
It must be said that in the Kyshtym area people often observe unidentified flying objects. They have a flat shape, but in the air they are located not horizontally, but vertically. They often emit a bright white beam. What kind of objects these are is unclear. Whether the Kyshtym dwarf had anything to do with them or not is unknown. In a word, complete mysteries. But there are no answers to them. As for Alyoshenka himself, he disappeared forever from people’s sight. No one knows where the mummy ended up after Yekaterinburg, or what happened to it.
Lately a lot has been written about this. I became interested in what it was, so I posted some materials on the site. It’s up to you to draw conclusions; I’ve already figured something out for myself. According to residents of the village of Kalinovy, which was located next to Kyshtym (Chelyabinsk region), it all started on a stormy night on August 13, 1996.
It was then that a local resident, a lonely pensioner, Tamara Vasilievna Prosvirina, received a “telepathic order”: get up and immediately go to the cemetery. However, the presence of telepathy was explained quite simply; Tamara Vasilievna was not entirely mentally healthy and periodically collected flowers from the cemetery. Another thing was strange - she found the one who called her. A small creature with huge eyes was looking at her from behind a hill...
But let's better give the floor to the participants in the events. It was an eerie find - either a human baby or an unknown animal: the head was like a pointed pumpkin, instead of lips there was a slit, the body was covered with fur, there were sharp claws on the fingers... The creature squeaked pitifully, and the compassionate old woman decided to take it with her - she wrapped it up and brought it home , fed her and named her Alyoshenka.
Further in the plot of this already strange story, completely phantasmagoric turns begin. The cheerful grandmother began to brag to her neighbors that she had a son in her old age. But since Prosvirina was registered with a psychiatrist, the neighbors, without further ado, reported her strange behavior to the doctors. They also didn’t take long to figure it out, they arrived, gave me a sedative injection and took me to the hospital. And in vain the old woman cried and asked to leave her at home. No one listened to her, and the “alien” who was left unattended died...
Let's better listen to the witnesses:
Tamara Prosvirina and Galina Artemyevna Alferova.
Tamara Prosvirina’s daughter-in-law, also Tamara, saw “Alyoshenka” alive:
- Then I worked on a rotational basis as a cook. My husband Sergei was in prison. My mother-in-law lived alone, I visited her once every two weeks. I came to her one day and was laying out groceries in the kitchen. And she suddenly says: “We should feed the baby too!” “I thought that she had an exacerbation of the disease, this had happened to her before. And she led me to the bed. I look: there is something beeping there. Or rather, it whistles. His mouth sticks out like a tube and his tongue moves. He is scarlet, with a spatula. And two teeth are visible. I took a closer look: he doesn’t look like a child. The head is brown, the body is gray, the skin is without veins. The eyelids are not visible. And a meaningful look! There are no genitals. And instead of a navel there is a smooth place. The head is onion-shaped, there are no ears, only holes. And eyes like a cat's. The pupil then expands and then contracts. The fingers and toes are long. The legs are folded into a trapezoid. The mother-in-law asked: “Where does this monster come from?” And she replied that she found it in the forest and called it “Alyoshenka.” She put a caramel in his mouth and he began to suck on it. And he drank water from a spoon. I thought it was an animal. My mother, Galina Artemyevna Alferova, saw him.
74-year-old Galina Artemyevna answers correspondents’ questions about “Alyoshenka” willingly.
- I visited Tamara’s apartment often. She was sick in the head. Therefore, I checked on her, no matter what happened. Her son, my daughter’s husband, is in prison. And Tamara then worked as a cook on a rotational basis. So I visited. I'll bring some groceries and help you clean up. Although she was crazy, she was good-natured. And she took care of herself. Well, I came, and in the next room it seemed like a kitten was squeaking. The matchmaker had a two-room apartment, we have now sold it. I ask: “Why, Tamara, did you get a kitten?” And she says: “No, baby.” I told her: “What kind of child is this?” And she says: “Alyoshenka. I found it in the forest." - "So show!" Let's go to the next room. I look: there is something lying across her bed, wrapped in a colorful rag. She unfolded it and showed it to me. So wonderful! At first I thought it was some kind of obsession. Crossed - does not disappear! At this point I became bolder and came closer. And when he saw me, he whistled. Well, kind of like a gopher in a field, but quietly. I think that's what he was trying to say.
- Maybe this is still a premature baby?
- Not really. I've seen so many different ones in my life, including premature babies. “Alyoshenka” does not look like a baby at all. The head is not like a pumpkin, but like a helmet: pointed and without hair. And the fontanelles are not visible on it. The fingers are long, thin and sharp, like claws. Five on each arm and leg.
At first the body was plump and swayed like jellied meat. It was he who shriveled up after his death.
- Did he have genitals?
- He doesn't have any genitals.
- Are you sure?
- Yes, I examined it from all sides. I even touched between my legs. A flat place, like a doll's. And there is no umbilical cord either.
- Did “Alyoshenka” move on its own?
- Not with me. He just raised his legs up. He straightened it out, like he was doing gymnastics.
-Did you see how they fed him?
- His in-law gave him curd cheese. He sucked and swallowed it. He did not have a lower jaw, and instead of it there was some kind of skin. And he didn’t drink from a bottle - there was a bowl of water on the bed, Tamara fed him with a spoon. And his tongue was so long and bright red, like a spatula.
- How long did the creature live?
- Let's count. I visited the matchmaker five times, and my granddaughter Sasha - he is now serving in the army - stopped by a couple of times. Neighbor Nina Glazyrina visited her and even spent the night. And everyone saw him alive. For three weeks this monster lived with the in-laws. Or maybe more.
- Did you try to inform the authorities about the find?
“Then there was no idea that it was important.” If she had found a baby in the forest, then, of course, they would have called the police. And this is so - don’t understand what. The animal is incomprehensible. Now everyone is saying that it’s an alien. And then my daughter and grandson and I decided: let him live instead of a cat...
- What struck you most about him?
- There were no bowel movements from him. Only sweat on the body, sort of like perspiration. His in-law wiped everything with a cloth.
- Isn’t that rag left?
- Oh, No. It seems like I gave everything.
- To whom?
- To the investigator.
- Maybe there is something else left? Bedsheets, for example?
- May be.
-Can you look for it?
- Can. All the linen that was in the room smelled of this “Alyoshenka”. There was a sweet scent coming from him, kind of like cologne...
- How did “Alyoshenka” die?
- Must be from hunger. Tamara was taken to a mental hospital, but he remained in an empty apartment. My daughter wasn’t in the city at that time, and I didn’t have time to go there. After all, who knew that this unprecedented thing was so valuable for science? The Japanese are now promising huge amounts of money for it.
- Where is “Alyoshenka” now?
- We do not know.
-Where is your matchmaker now?
- Car hit. Just after the Japanese called and said that they wanted to meet her and film her.
Prosvirina died under very strange circumstances. Late in the evening of August 5, 1999. Tamara left the house barefoot, wearing socks - according to eyewitnesses, it was as if someone had called her. Moreover, the neighbors saw that there were two cars and they converged in the place where the woman stood, like scissors Prosvirina Tamara Vasilievna.
Fortunately, Tamara Prosvirina’s testimony was preserved on videotape by investigator Vladimir Bendlin.
There is an elderly woman on the screen. She is wearing a wrinkled green hospital gown. She has her hair cropped, her gaze wandering. She is taken out into the yard. The woman stumbles and almost falls - a nurse catches her by the elbow.
“This is Prosvirina in a psychiatric hospital,” explains the investigator. And he adds: “The conversation with her was conducted informally and has no legal force...
The woman in the frame, although with difficulty, identifies herself. Her speech is slurred: a nervous tic is interfering. She licks her lips all the time.
She is asked a question about who “Alyoshenka” is. The pause seems like an eternity. The old lady finally answers:
- Son.
-Where did you get it from? The woman raises her head and looks at the sky for a long time. Finally he says:
- I found it under a tree. He was lying head down. I quickly shook it off and put it down.
-What did this place look like?
- In the forest... There was hail and thunder... My Alyoshenka, I’ll write him down under my last name. He died.
- Died?
- Yes, he died.
- Yes you?!
- She cries, smearing the violently gushing tears with her fists. Then he asks a question:
- Why?
- I was without food.
The patient looks directly into the camera. On her face there is such great grief that even the most brilliant actress could not play. Through the sobs you can hear: “Poor thing! I told the doctors - I have a baby there... Let me go...” She sobs, then they take her away.
Evgeniy Mokichev, captain of justice, investigator of the Kyshtym police department.
In August - September 1996, I investigated a criminal case accusing Vladimir Nurdinov of committing cable theft in the village of Novogorny. To conduct an investigative experiment, he suggested going to the scene of the incident. We went with Nurdinov on his motorcycle. On the way, Vladimir asked me if I had seen aliens? Naturally, I replied that I had not seen any aliens and did not believe in their existence. He promised to show me the alien when I returned home.
Arriving at the village where Nurdinov lived, we carried out the required investigative actions, after which Vladimir offered to look at the alien he had. Of course, I was skeptical about this, but he took a rag bundle from the closet. There was something wrapped in the red material. He unwrapped the package and presented it to me.
What I saw amazed me. For a long time I could not figure out what it was, there was some kind of confusion. In front of me lay approximately 25 cm in length the mummified corpse of a small humanoid creature. It is very difficult to unambiguously assess what lay in front of me, because his head was of an unusual shape - helmet-shaped, consisting of four petals, which connected upward into one plate and formed a kind of ridge. His eye sockets were large. On the front jaw one could distinguish two small, barely visible teeth. The forelimbs were crossed over the chest, and judging by them, they were the same length as the lower ones.
The corpse was in a dried, wrinkled state, with many folds of skin on it. The remains emanated a not strong, but unpleasant odor; It’s hard to say what exactly it smelled like.
I began to question where and why this creature appeared here. He told me this story. In the same year, 1996, a resident of the village of Kalinovo, Tamara Prosvirina (her grandmother was not completely mentally healthy), while walking through the forest, found this creature and brought it to her home, and it began to live with her. She fed him, rocked him to sleep, called him Alyoshenka and told everyone that little Alyoshenka lived at her house. Subsequently, this grandmother was hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital before an exacerbation of mental illness, and this creature remained in her closed apartment.
Nurdinov, when he previously went to this grandmother and also communicated with this creature, said that it squeaked and somehow gave sound signals. He remembered that the creature was in the house, and when he found it, it was already dead. Worms were crawling on it. He got rid of the worms, washed the body with alcohol and left it to dry in the sun. After drying, the corpse acquired the appearance in which he presented it to me.
I asked Nurdinov not to tell anyone about what happened yet. And he also ordered him not to put this corpse anywhere, not to hide it and not to hand it over to anyone.
Returning to the department, I told everything to my partner, investigator Vladimir Bendlin, who began an unofficial investigation into this case.. There was no official investigation, we acted unofficially. What we said actually existed. Many specialists examined this corpse - both pathologists and gynecologists, and they all assure that this is not the corpse of a person or a human child. He looked completely different. The structure of the skeleton and skull did not look human at all. Even if some creature can mutate very strongly, then to such an extent it is impossible!
That's all I know for now. Contact Vladimir Bendlin. He led the investigation and knows more...
Vladimir Bendlin, Major of Justice, investigator of the Kyshtym Department of Internal Affairs.
Having arrived from the investigative experiment, Evgeniy told me about what he saw in Nurdinov’s house. I was very interested in this, and I decided to see for myself, since our colleagues literally laughed at the man. I stocked up on a video camera, a camera, took a voice recorder and the next day I went to the village of Bezhelyak. There I met with Nurdinov’s parents; he himself was not there. And they showed me this mummy. They just let her look at her.
Seeing the mummy gave me a feeling that is difficult to describe. An unpleasant sight. This creature had a peculiar smell - not the same as the smell of a half-decomposed body. It was clear that the mummy had been dried without any saline solutions, just in the sun. The creature's skeleton was severely deformed, and it was difficult to determine anything. At the very least, there was a strong resemblance to a premature human fetus. On the other hand, this creature was very different from a human. Due to my line of work, I had to see criminal miscarriages and so on, but this is completely different: a miscarriage has a very big head and a small body, but here there was a proportional structure, that is, the head corresponded in size to the already relatively developed body. I decided to collect more information and somehow document what happened. Our duty department did not register this event: “Why is this? There’s no point.”
I found out that Nurdinov lived in the apartment of a woman whose mother-in-law was mentally unstable. She walks through cemeteries, collects all sorts of flowers from graves, and even brings home photographs of deceased people on metal ceramics. I knew her by type of work - it was Tamara Vasilievna Prosvirina. She was registered with a psychiatrist. She was taken to a psychiatric hospital several times because she had relapses and breakdowns. Her son was serving a sentence in a correctional labor institution at that time.
She lived in the village of Kalinovo. This woman led a secluded life. Her daughter-in-law, also Prosvirina Tamara, said that when her mother-in-law discovered this creature, it was viable and lived in her apartment for about a month. It took food and made some sounds. The look and expression on his face were meaningful. There was practically no discharge, only some substance appeared on the body, similar to sweat, without odor. She kept him swaddled like a baby and called him her baby. She said that this is “Alyoshenka, I registered him in my last name, and he will live with me.” Prosvirina didn’t show it to almost anyone.
That's how it lived with her for some time. The daughter-in-law herself watched as her mother-in-law fed this creature. According to the daughter-in-law, it was capable of eating caramel candy. If we are talking about a premature human embryo, then this is simply impossible. The daughter-in-law explained that the skin of this creature was the color of a switched-off picture tube, the body was gelatinous, and the physique was of average fatness. Tamara said that “Alyoshenka” made some articulate sounds. The form of communication was as follows - he squealed in response to light and moving objects. He looked like a very sick person. This creature apparently suffered greatly.
After some time, the daughter-in-law found out that the mother-in-law was again admitted to a psychiatric hospital, and when she was hospitalized, the creature was left alone in the house. Naturally, it could not eat on its own. And since the daughter-in-law was a very busy person, she did not have the opportunity to visit the apartment often. And one day she arrived with her lodger Nurdinov and discovered that her mother-in-law was in a hospital, and the creature was already dead.
Having unwrapped the diaper in which “Alyoshenka” was wrapped, she saw that it had already begun to decompose, some insect pupae appeared on it, and there was a corresponding smell in the apartment. True, it was more reminiscent of the smell of synthetic resins than of a dead creature. After this, Nurdinov stated that this is 100% the corpse of an alien, it is not even a mutant or a miscarriage, and it must be embalmed and, if possible, sold profitably. Nurdinov took it and dried it in the sun in some garages. Moreover, the corpse of this creature was severely mangled.
Seeing this mummy, the daughter-in-law was surprised - the appearance of the creature changed so dramatically during drying. His spine was severely bent and pulled where the muscles apparently were. In places where some organs were located, dried pieces of tissue formed.
Subsequently, I recorded interviews with those who saw this creature during life. This is Prosvirin’s daughter-in-law Tamara, her partner Nagovsky Vyacheslav, some relative of the daughter-in-law and her friend, a woman who drinks, gave conflicting information. They all claimed that this creature looked quite intelligent, and there was pus in its eyes, like conjunctivitis. The look itself was very meaningful.
After the primary material was collected, it became necessary to conduct some consultations with specialists. This question was not within my competence, but I was curious, what is it? I believe that such information should be seriously verified, because there are a lot of rumors. Here, human deformity to a strong degree, and some mutations related to ecology are possible, or this is a truly phenomenal case of the viability of a human embryo, or a criminal miscarriage. Clearly, this story required research.
Our management said that apparently I had nothing else to do, and I was forced to conduct this business behind the scenes, in my free time. I asked the pathologist to examine this creature, for which he took it to our city morgue. The pathologist examined him in the presence of a paramedic and stated that at least 90% he was not human. The skeletal structure of a humanoid is very different from that of a human, especially the pelvic bones, which are designed for both upright walking and on all fours. The forelimbs are also very different in length from human ones. The hands are designed as if they were feet. Apparently, this creature could move in any conditions and in any way, overcome any obstacles.
The doctor said that in order to accurately draw conclusions about the nature of this creature, a DNA examination is necessary. Since it is expensive, it can only be carried out officially, in criminal cases, and also in laboratory conditions with the participation of a trained specialist. All options for carrying it out suddenly disappeared.
We changed tactics. Evgeniy and I, as well as the Zhelutdinovs, fire department workers, who joined us, began to investigate further. Rais Zhelutdinov told me that 200 km from us, in Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk region, there is a ufological society called “Star Academy UFO-contact using the Zolotov method.” Rais told me that this is an authoritative person, he showed it in the encyclopedia: Zolotov, scientist, academician. This organization allegedly includes Zolotov’s son.
We called these people and they responded to our invitation. Then came a call from Kamensk-Uralsky. These people called themselves specialists in the field of ufology, said that their extraterrestrial communications operator would check this information and, if it was confirmed, they would come, and if not, then excuse me, they don’t deal with nonsense. A couple of hours later, two cars were already standing under the windows of the Zhemaldinovs’ apartment, where we had gathered. After viewing the video, those who arrived said that the find was very serious and required urgent research. They reprimanded us for the fact that the matter was not brought to the state level, but was reduced to amateur activities.
The head of this organization, Semenkova Galina, an intelligent, polite, intellectually advanced woman, said that two of her girls would investigate this creature and tell where it came from. We went to where the mummy was. They examined it, moved their hands over it and said that this creature has a biological component, but it is an artificial creature. It was programmed to explore environment, living space and, naturally, performed some secondary functions. He was sent by the space fleet under the control of captain “FE” to make further contacts with some highly developed civilization.
All this, of course, sounded doubtful, but there was at least some interpretation of events. I'm not an expert in such areas. I thought that since they really believed in this matter, that is, they are the same romantics who can be trusted with anything, then these people will carry out the necessary examinations and, in the end, will clarify everything.
They ended up taking the mummy. They said that they were taking it for research and in the near foreseeable future they would establish its origin and provide us with documentary evidence.
After some time, I called these people and asked how the research was going. I was told not to worry, they were studying the mummy. They suggested: “Come to our seminar, but it will cost you money.” Then they said that this would be important for me, they would open additional channels of communication for me, and I would become almost a demigod. I replied that I don’t take such bait, and asked to tell me the result of the study of the mummy. After some time, they got through to Zhemaldinov and told him that it was an ordinary miscarriage...
Soon this story took a new turn, almost detective. Information about a strange creature has reached the media mass media, and the reaction began, like ripples in water.
The media began to publish various articles, there was even a libel in the newspaper “Chelyabinsky Rabochiy”, where someone Kuklev published an abusive article called “Kyshtym lunatics”. This article was published just in time for “All Saints’ Day” - “Halloween”. The author simply made fun of us.
There were also serious publications. In the end, Nikolai Vorsegov, deputy chief editor of this newspaper, came here from Komsomolskaya Pravda. He collected the material, after which some time later she came to us film crew from Japanese television - MTV Tokyo. They became interested in what happened in Kamensk-Uralsky. Through their channels, they contacted people who also had this information, collected material and established that the UFO-Contact group transferred the mummy to Yekaterinburg, and there, in one of the research institutes not related to biology and anatomy, they secretly carried out its research in laboratory conditions, with the involvement of specialists. That's how it all ended. Silence for now.
Some time later, a translator from a Japanese television group called me and said that they intended to come to us and film another interview with this mentally ill woman, since they would have very serious specialists in the field of psychiatry with them. Everything was well financed by them, this phenomenon was carefully studied in Japan, and they found that it was necessary to deeply and seriously study exactly the one who directly communicated with this creature, that is, Tamara Vasilievna Prosvirina.
They told me the exact date of their arrival, just in a week. They were also interested in some UFO landing site in the city of Berezovsky, Sverdlovsk region, that is, they wanted to kill two birds with one stone. They asked me to make sure that Prosvirina Tamara Vasilievna did not go anywhere at this time. But the most amazing thing is that about half an hour after the telephone conversation with the translator, I heard on the radio (that day I was in full-time duty) that a traffic accident had occurred in the village of Kalinovo and that a naked woman had died under the wheels of a car - Tamara Prosvirina Vasilevna. Is this a coincidence?! Japanese television crews did not come here; they limited themselves to a trip to Berezovskoye.
But our story didn't end there. One woman living next door to Prosvirina - she asked not to share her information, since she serves in a government agency and does not want gossip around her name - said that before Tamara Vasilievna was taken to a psychiatric hospital, she walked around the village and She explained that she had a child, Alyoshenka, and that she wanted to register him in her living space under her last name. Everyone, of course, knew that Prosvirina was a mentally abnormal woman, and did not believe her. But this neighbor herself at that time discovered a small man in her apartment. No higher than one and a half meters. Her apartment was locked from the inside, she was at home, went into another room and saw him. This little man stood silently in the middle of the room, looking rather unpleasant. He was stocky, heavily covered with stubble, and looked to be about forty years old. But this subject was clearly not human.
Prosvirina’s neighbor is completely sane and sane. The reliability of her story is beyond doubt. At least I had confidence in her. So, while she was looking at the stranger, there was a knock on the door. Opening it, this woman saw her neighbor - not Prosvirina, but another. She asked: “Why do you look so strange, how can you hide a man?” The neighbor knew that this woman was alone, but without an invitation she went into the room and looked around, but there was no one there. The doors and windows were completely closed...
What is this? Fiction, a figment of fantasy, or maybe a dream or something else? My interlocutor convinced me that this happened in reality. She doesn’t drink and is, as I already said, completely sane.
Evgeniy and I gained fame as researchers of such phenomena, and people began to tell us all sorts of strange things. I wanted to document in writing each evidence of this kind, collect sketches of what they saw, stocked up on a map of the city in order to make marks on it, set dates, etc. But work didn’t allow me to do this, because I have practically no free time. We spend two thirds of our day on work, the rest on food and sleep. But, of course, I had some materials. There have been several serious incidents at work here. My management did not approve of my research, and even at operational meetings they sometimes mocked me.
In a fit of emotion, I destroyed some of the collected materials, but still kept some. I also have a personal observation. In 1992, a levitating object was spotted twice in the area of the city of Ozersk. There is an enterprise there that was once secret, and now even American specialists work there. I personally observed at night, in the area northeast of Kyshtym, at a very high altitude, a flat-shaped object, only it was located not horizontally, but vertically. A clear, bright white beam emanated from it...
Stanislav Samoshkin, pathologist.
In 1996, at the request of the local police officer, I examined an unknown creature. According to the person who found it, gynecologist Irina Ermolaeva and urologist Igor Uskov recognized this creature as an embryo. The examination took place in the sectional room, in the presence of a local police officer.
The corpse was mummified, the internal organs were missing, only the skeleton and the remains of the skin were presented. The creature was about 25 cm long. I was struck by the fact that the skull was tower-shaped, consisting of four bones - the occipital, frontal and two parietotemporal. Moreover, there is no clear division between the temporal and parietal bones. The structural features of the skull also include the fact that the brain section predominated over the facial section.
According to all anthropological indicators, this creature should be classified as intelligent, that is, not in the category of animals, because it is known that in the same monkeys the brain cavity of the skull is smaller than the face. The pelvic bones are formed according to the erectus type. The arms and legs were twisted, it was impossible to see the fingers, because the corpse was mummified. There were no internal organs.
I was asked to simply look and say, is it a human or an animal fetus? As far as I remember, we didn’t study such skeletons in zoology. It has been suggested that, at first glance, this is a creature that is not found on Earth. They offered to conduct an examination at the Chelyabinsk Forensic Bureau, where genetic research is carried out, but the owner of this corpse refused everything and said that he would decide what to do with it. Then the corpse was taken away, and its further fate is unknown to me.
- Can anything be said about the limbs? About their length and other parameters?
- The proportionality of the skeletal structure did not meet the normal standards of the average person. The arms, presumably - if they could be straightened, since the corpse was mummified - reached somewhere to the level of the knees. I repeat, presumably. I did not straighten the limbs, because the question was not to touch the corpse at all. Just examine it and say whether it is a human fetus or something else, since the district police officer turned to me with the question: is this creature a miscarriage, should I initiate a criminal case or not. We limited ourselves to inspection; no other additional studies were done. There were no teeth. It is almost impossible to judge what gender it was. In any case, this was the first time I encountered the features of such a skeleton. Well, when you don’t know, it’s better not to interfere....
Romanova Lyubov Stepanovna, laboratory assistant at the city hospital.
“In 1996,” she said, “at the beginning of August, they brought us the mummified corpse of a little man. It cannot be said that it was a child or a miscarriage. In a word - a small corpse. His skin was half-decayed in the abdomen and on the limbs.
The bones were intact. Regular arms and legs. Tissue is preserved on the back and shoulder area. The head was in the form of a helmet, the skull consisted of four bones connected at the top. There were no auricles. Very large almond-shaped eye sockets. The remaining areas of skin on the back and shoulders were grayish-brown - I think this is all from the sun, the fabric dries out and gives this color.
This little man, as he was called “Alyoshenka,” still did not crawl, but walked upright, like an ordinary person. I think so. It's a shame he disappeared. It was a very interesting, unique case. Scientists would like to get to know him better!
Do you think this creature could be of extraterrestrial origin, or is it some kind of miscarriage, a genetically altered living creature?
- No. I have been working as a laboratory assistant in a hospital for a very long time. Of course, he doesn’t look like a miscarriage, this “Alyoshenka.” At that time I didn’t think that this was an extraterrestrial being - unusual, that’s all. But of course it doesn’t look like a miscarriage, because the structure of the bones and head is very strange. This cannot happen in a human miscarriage.
- Were the internal organs somehow different from human ones?
- There were no internal organs there. It was a mummified corpse. It was dried out, with barely preserved skin in some places and bare bones.
- Do you think it was an adult or a child?
- I believe that this is still a creature, child-like, just not ours, not a human child. Such a small creature. He must have been pretty, because he had such huge eye sockets and a helmet-like head. He's interesting, of course.
- What do you think, was it an intelligent creature or not?
- I don’t even know how to answer. I can't judge this.
- What about the structure of the skull?
- According to the structure of the skull, the head corresponds to the development of his arms, legs and torso.
- Could there be a brain there, like a person’s?
- Well, I probably could. If we opened it, we would have looked.
- And you weren’t given the opportunity to open it?
- No. When they brought him to us, there was no order or direction for an autopsy, and without them we do not have the right to do this. That's why we refused to open it. And yet, there was no expert. Otherwise, it would be possible to open it even for the sake of curiosity... Well, that’s all. Then he was taken away and I don’t even know where.
Galina Semenkova.
We found her in Kamensk-Uralsky with with great difficulty. The telephone in the apartment was turned off, and she herself did not come home until midnight. Galina Ivanovna, having learned about the topic of the conversation, immediately snapped:
- I can’t say anything about “Alyoshenka”. He is being investigated.
- Who?
- Competent authorities.
- FSB?
- Semenkova nodded.
- So you didn’t lose him?
- No…
- And the result of the research?
- I was told that it will be made public when the time comes.
- At least in a nutshell - what is he like?
- “Alyoshenka” changed all ideas about the world...
The photograph was published in the Flying Saucer Review magazine. It depicted the corpse of a small creature with a head divided into four petals and huge lifeless eyes. Even his thin four-fingered hands were folded crosswise, like those of the mummy of the “Kyshtym humanoid.” However, the picture did not depict Alyoshenka at all...
The second creature found its death almost twenty years ago near the town of Sapinas, on the southeastern coast of Puerto Rico.
One fine day, a guy named Chinese was wandering through the hills at the foot of the mountains, looking for all sorts of Indian antiquities. Suddenly he saw several small creatures about thirty centimeters high. One of them tried to grab the Chinese man by the pant leg, and clearly not with bad intentions. Contact failed: the earthling grabbed a stick and dealt him a crushing blow! The rest disappeared into the bushes. The involuntary killer realized that in his hands was something very rare and even expensive. Having found a glass container with a tight lid, he put the body there, bleeding colorless blood, and sealed it with alcohol. However, the decomposition did not stop, and he had to go to a friend - Professor Calixto Perez, who placed the corpse in formaldehyde.
The Chinese rejoiced early, calculating the possible profit. From that day on, life turned into a nightmare for him. At night, he and his sister kept waking up from strange sounds, as if someone was sneaking, peeking through the windows and trying to get inside. Finally they contacted the police.
Police officer Osvaldo Santiago responded to the alarm, confiscated a container with a strange creature and brought it to show his wife the unusual find. With her light hand, or rather the language, the whole district soon knew about the find. Local businessman Raffaele Baerga, intrigued by the story, asked her to bring a container with a small creature, sent several photographs in the presence of witnesses and called television, but the journalists did not have time to arrive: a policeman appeared and took the container with the body (in the interests of the investigation). Osvaldo Santiago's assistant, Sergeant Benjamin Morales, also saw the creature. He said that the chief informed the military about the contents of the container, but did not know what exactly. The sergeant then gave his partner advice: to get rid of this creature before the military took over the depot, but then Professor Perez appeared at the police station - the same one who helped the guy preserve the corpse in formaldehyde, said that he bought it from the Chinese, and demanded it immediately return your property. Santiago was just glad to get rid of the container.
This whole story was unearthed several years later by ufologist Jorge Martin. The police officer was no longer alive by that time, he had died at the hands of criminals, but he found Professor Perez.
“Yes, I kept a container with a little man at home for some time,” he told the ufologist. - His skin was rough, almost the same color as ours, but with a faint light greenish tint. I believe this is a creature of alien origin. His skull and head were too large in relation to his body, which was small and skinny, and his eyes were too large. As for the nose... it wasn’t there.”
Professor Perez was going to write a book about this, but fate decreed otherwise. Neighbors began to threaten him after learning that he was keeping the corpse of an “alien.” Subsequently, the professor discovered that the container with the body and all the photographs had disappeared from the cache. “Either someone I knew got in there, or representatives of the authorities were able to find the cache,” the professor finished his story.
They say that, having figured out what was what, American intelligence services entered the depot. Traces of their work are felt by researchers to this day. The story, as it should be in such cases, has acquired a mass of all kinds of mutually exclusive details. The only truth in them can be considered that the little creature is not a figment of someone’s imagination and that the US government has shown so much interest in it for a reason.
