What sciences did Bazarov study? Essay “Bazarov is a “new man”
The novel “Fathers and Sons” was written by I.S. Turgenev in 1862, a year after the abolition of serfdom. The action of the novel takes place in 1859 on the eve of the reform. It is quite natural that the main acting hero stands new hero of Russian literature - a nihilist revolutionary, a democrat commoner.
Origin of Bazarov
Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - a native of the simple peasant family. His grandfather “plowed the land,” his father and mother live modestly and simply, and at the same time took care of their son’s future - they gave him an excellent medical education. Knowing about peasant life Not by hearsay, Bazarov understands perfectly well that significant changes are coming. A plan for the reconstruction of social order, consisting in the absolute destruction of the past and the construction of a new world, has matured in his mind.
Bazarov's Nihilism
Bazarov – new person. He is a nihilist, a materialist, not subject to illusions, testing everything experimentally. Bazarov is interested in natural sciences; he works all day, looking for something new.
A person, according to Bazarov, is a person with knowledge. He is sure that it is work that makes a person out of a person. Evgeniy Vasilyevich always finds himself where his knowledge will be useful. It's profitable
He learns it from other heroes and “extra” people, as well as from people of a new formation.
Bazarov is often rude and harsh in his statements: about women, about the past, about feelings. It seems to him that all this interferes with building a healthy society of the future. Everyone who does not know how to work is not needed by humanity. In many ways he can be considered wrong. What is it worth just to deny the basic values of human existence: love, respect, principles, nature as a temple, the human soul.
The importance of a hero for society
Probably, Russian society needed such people to shake it up and force it to look at everything that was happening from the outside. New people appear in society only during periods of historical upheaval; they have special spiritual power, perseverance and steadfastness, the ability not to hide from the truth and to be honest with themselves even on the verge of death.
Bazarov the nihilist understands perfectly well that life will never be easy, sacrifices will be required from any person. And he is ready for them, without changing his convictions even an ounce. This makes it most attractive both for contemporaries and for the current reader.
Love in Bazarov's life
The power of his spirituality extends to love feeling Bazarov to Anna Odintsova, a strong and independent woman. He was captivated by her intelligence and her unique views on current events. Realizing that she cannot sacrifice everything for him, he confesses his feelings to her. Unrequited love to Anna Sergeevna seems to knock him out of his usual way of life. But it seems to me that if death had not interfered, Bazarov would have been able to overcome himself and his unhappy feelings, which he considered to be the weakness of his own personality.
Debunking Bazarov's theory
Sometimes strange and unusual, the hero I.S. Turgeneva delights readers with a set of qualities of a “perfect person”: fortitude, determination, perseverance, ability to persuade, etc., although it is impossible to agree with Bazarov on everything. His theory fails, and the hero realizes this - beauty, love and kindness become an integral part of his soul. And with them he dies, having found no application for his beliefs.
I.S. Turgenev had amazing intuition. The genius of the writer lies in the fact that he knew how to listen sensitively to Russian life and find in it the sprouts of the new, the most relevant. So in the late 50s and early 60s he saw in Russia new type a hero who replaced the hero-nobleman.
The image of Bazarov is a new hero of Russian literature
The first hero in the gallery of such images in the writer’s work was Evgeny Bazarov.
The hero-nobleman is replaced by the hero-commoner
I.S. Turgenev wrote in the article “About “Fathers and Sons”:
In that wonderful person(prototype of Bazarov) was embodied... a barely born, still fermenting principle, which later received the name of nihilism. The impression this personality made on me was very strong and at the same time not entirely clear.
Bazarov's childhood
We know very little about the hero’s childhood. We learn that his grandfather was a serf
"My grandfather plowed the land"
the hero proudly declares.
His parents' marriage was not based on love. But, reading the portraits of Arina Vlasyevna and Vasily Ivanovich, we understand that they respect each other, madly love their Evgeniy, therefore we can assume that everything that was necessary to give their son an education, to raise him, Bazarov’s parents did.
The hero's father is a former regimental doctor. Evgeniy is studying medicine at the university, which means Vasily Ivanovich also had some influence on this. In general, Turgenev talks a lot and willingly about the past of other heroes, but we know little about the past of this character. Maybe because it is not the past that determines the essence of the hero, but the present. We know that he is studying at the university, but all the characters in the novel, even the hero’s opponents, are aware that medicine will not be the subject of his future outstanding activity.
Bazarov - commoner
And that, perhaps, says it all. He is a self-made man. He is a man of action. It’s not for nothing that Turgenev writes about spending time in Maryino:
“Arkady was sybaritizing, Bazarov was working.”
Evgeniy is first of all very strong man. This new strength all the characters in the novel feel. His strength is manifested in all his actions: in unhappy love, in categorical statements, in attitude towards other people and, of course, in death. No wonder he wrote:
“To die the way Bazarov died means to accomplish a great feat.”
The image of Evgeny Bazarov as a man of action
He is kind in his own way. Let us at least remember the scene of the first meeting of the hero and Arkady with Fenechka. She, the mother, first of all notes how calmly the child walked into Evgeniy’s arms. Children really feel the essence of a person. He is a doctor. And this essence of the doctor is manifested in everything in his image:
- in relation to the inhabitants of Maryino,
- in how he helps Pavel Petrovich, wounded in a duel,
- The fact is that he dies, having become infected during the autopsy of a typhoid corpse.
Evgeny is proud. His relationship with Madame Odintsova, after the explanation, evokes respect for him. He can be touching with his parents, it is about them that he thinks about before his death (respecting their attitude towards religion, he asks Odintsova to console Arina Vlasyevna). He, who rejects all feelings, is capable of great love. He, who rejects all moral standards, essentially lives by high moral laws. But in everything where and how the hero manifests himself, his commitment to the theory of nihilism is reflected.
Bazarov is a nihilist
Therefore, Turgenev is extremely interested in the ideas that his character preaches. Bazarov calls himself a nihilist, that is, a person who does not recognize anything. In the novel, he preaches the ideas of the positivists of the mid-nineteenth century, who proclaimed the primacy of practice over speculation. One can feel the influence of the aesthetic concept in Evgeniy’s attitude to art
(“Beautiful is what is useful”).
The hero rejects, first of all, what is not amenable to experimental research.
There are no feelings, there is physiology. There is no love, but there is physical attraction. There is no “mysterious look”, there is a lens, a cornea, light refraction... and that’s all.
For Bazarov, practice is the criterion of truth
Practice is for him the criterion of truth. Experiment - the only way nature studies. At the same time, art and beauty turn out to be unnecessary concepts. The practicality of the position in the image of Bazarov is expressed in his words:
“Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.”
Evgeny Bazarov as a man of ideas
This is why it is interesting to both the writer and the reader. But his ideas are fruitless, their basis is destruction, this is where the hero sees his purpose (“to clear the place,” which recalls the words of the Russian translation of “The International” - “to the ground”). The position of the main character of the novel is unacceptable for Turgenev.
Bazarov's strength of character is evident in his death scenes
The strength of character of Bazarov the man is manifested in the death scenes. First of all, death is something that cannot be denied. So eternal nature argues with human theories. Secondly, in death Eugene becomes a person, sensitive, gentle, poetic, courageous. The phrase he said before his death is noteworthy:
“Russia needs me... No, apparently, I don’t.”
This is how the hero himself answers eternal question Russian reality and Russian literature - the question of the hero of the time. In the epilogue of the novel, Turgenev, describing Bazarov’s grave, speaks of the eternity of nature and the vanity of human life.
Our presentation
In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” I. S. Turgenev introduces us to the life of E. V. Bazarov, one of the representatives of the new social force emerging in Russia - the common intelligentsia. His image is unusual, and therefore, getting to know him, his fate, we discover something new, interesting and entertaining.
The image of Bazarov occupies central place in the novel. On the one hand, Bazarov looks like a loner in a strange environment. Pisarev in his article “Bazarov” pointed out that “...Turgenev... did not have enough materials to fully describe his hero from different sides.” Indeed, the author of the novel “Fathers and Sons” did not know how the Bazarovs behaved with other Bazarovs, since he himself belonged to the Kirsanov circle.
On the other hand, Turgenev portrayed a new type of man in his conflict with old forms of psychology, ideology and everyday life.
Throughout the entire action of the novel, the author watches his hero with interest and puts him in various situations.
Bazarov's character, his behavior and personality are influenced by the revolutionary nature of his thinking. He dresses simply, he is not bound by conventional etiquette. Bazarov easily gets along with ordinary people. “My grandfather plowed the land!” - he said proudly. Bazarov opposes noble conventions, he laughs at traditions. Hence his irony, disdain for beautiful words. The author deliberately placed his hero in an environment that does not want and cannot understand him.
Scenes of disputes play a large role in the novel. Bazarov does not recognize any authorities, much less traditions. Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov disliked Bazarov for his disrespect for other people, for his cheeky behavior, as it seemed to him. Bazarov answers caustic questions casually, with calmness bordering on indifference. Perhaps it is Bazarov’s indifference that oppresses Pavel Petrovich, hitting his self-esteem and self-respect.
In the duel scene, the question of who is the bearer of true nobility is resolved. And in this situation, P.P Kirsanov found himself morally defeated.
Bazarov is a natural scientist, materialist and revolutionary. He is passionate about his work, his goal is to double-check already known views through his own experience. Bazarov relies on immediate sensations; he considers manifestations of feelings in a person unnecessary. This is where he was deeply mistaken, and Turgenev proved the inconsistency of such views by leading the hero through the test of love.
Having fallen in love with Odintsova, Bazarov realized that feelings exist. Love turned out to be stronger than theories; it “shattered” the system of views of Mr. Nihilist. Romanticism, rejected at first by the hero, became inherent in him.
Turgenev himself experienced an “involuntary attraction” to his hero. Addressing readers and critics, he wrote about Bazarov: “Probably many of my readers will be surprised if I tell them that, with the exception of my views on art, I share almost all of his beliefs.”
Turgenev did not share his thoughts about art and nature. This can be seen in the text: Bazarov despises art and does not recognize nature, and Turgenev unfolds wonderful landscapes before us; Bazarov denies love and friendship, and Turgenev depicts to us the relationship between Bazarov’s parents and their selfless love for the hero himself.
In the dying scene, Bazarov is faithful to his ideals to the end and proudly looks into the eyes of death. Not everyone can wait for their own death, face it face to face and not be afraid. But this life is logically completed - Bazarov would not be able to fulfill his intentions in the present.
The image of Bazarov seems alternately repulsive, then attractive and mysterious. There are many contradictions and inconsistencies in it. Turgenev collected in him such traits that one person cannot have, these are collective image emerging phenomenon in Russian life.
Despite the fact that the author can be more likely attributed to the generation of “fathers,” Turgenev largely agrees with Bazarov. I think that Turgenev sympathized with his hero. And although he called him “ tragic personality” and did not accept much in Bazarov, the skill of the realist writer prevailed - the nihilist hero is depicted as an expressive and attractive personality.
Tasks and tests on the topic "The image of E. Bazarov in the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons""
- Vowel sounds. Letters e, e, yu, i and their function in a word - Sounds and letters 1st grade
Lessons: 3 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1
- SPP with adverbial adverbs (adverbial comparisons, manner of action, measure and degree) - Complex sentence 9th grade
Lessons: 3 Assignments: 7 Tests: 1
Evgeny Bazarov is central character Ivan Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons". The work begins with the fact that Bazarov, together with his friend Arkady, arrive at the Kirsanovs’ estate, where Arkady’s father and uncle live. Who was Bazarov? Let's look at the characteristics of Evgeny Bazarov.
Bazarov's background, education and views
Evgeny Bazarov’s father was a doctor, and in the future his son was also involved in treating people. He had to go through a harsh school, then followed by university, during which he had to live in poverty. Bazarov liked to get carried away different objects, so he had a good understanding of geology, botany, and agricultural technology. It should be noted that Evgeniy Bazarov is always happy to help with treatment. Educated person, hence a certain pride in oneself.
What did Bazarov look like externally? Many were even somewhat repelled by his appearance - tall, in an old raincoat and with long hair. It was not for nothing that Ivan Turgenev also emphasized the sharpness of his mind, describing the skull and facial expression, which clearly indicated a self-confident warehouse.
The characteristic of Evgeny Bazarov is that he is a nihilist, and literally denies everything, and is proud of his views. Bazarov talks about love as an unnecessary feeling, he is not interested in art, he also does not admire nature, but calls it a workshop where a person is a worker. In general, if we talk about radical nobles, Bazarov’s views are very different and clearly not typical.
Conclusions about the characteristics of Evgeny Bazarov
There are many difficulties on the path of Evgeny Bazarov, and he is also tested by love. Having met Odintsova, main character He is convinced that love does not exist, and therefore he is indifferent to women. However, feelings flare up very quickly, this is especially evident after Bazarov stays for some time at Odintsova’s estate. She captivates him and even pushes him to take bold actions, for example, an explanation.
So, although Bazarov is a convinced nihilist, the first life situation breaks him, and having experienced deep feelings, he is already at a dead end - what to do next? Or, for example, the story of the duel - he denies the concept of honor, but agrees to fight a duel. Bazarov does not believe in nobility, but during the fight he behaves like noble man. The question arises: was Bazarov really a nihilist?
In the second half of the 19th century, a new type of hero began to slowly make itself known in Russia. If earlier it was a nobleman, now domestic writers are increasingly paying attention to commoner democrats, people of non-aristocratic origin who have made their way through their work and perseverance. The image of Bazarov in the novel “Fathers and Sons” absolutely corresponds to such a hero, so we can say with confidence that Turgenev knew how to capture the mood of the people and listen closely to Russian life. If this were not so, then the writer would not be able to depict the conflict between different generations so accurately.
Bazarov's democracy
The image of Bazarov in the novel “Fathers and Sons” is the embodiment of democratic ideas and principles. The hero proudly declares that his grandfather was a serf, but at the same time does not remember that his other grandfather - on his mother's side - was a nobleman. This already shows Evgeniy’s love for to the common people, rejection of the class division of society. Bazarov respects only people who bring benefit to the country with their work and intelligence.
The main character also indicates his simplicity. Among the nobility, he appears in a robe, which is a disregard for conventions. The author also draws attention to Eugene’s red hand; it is very different from the sleek hands of aristocrats. Bazarov is no stranger to physical labor, he does not like to waste time on entertainment, and even in Maryino he continues to carry out experiments all day long.
The hatred of the aristocracy and the love of the people for the hero of the novel “Fathers and Sons”
Bazarov is an image to which the common people are drawn, and at the same time despised by the nobles. The so-called aristocrats hated Eugene with all their souls, calling him a cynic, a proud man, a plebeian, and an impudent man. The clash between Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov is not just a struggle between two generations, but also a confrontation between people with different beliefs and moral values. The aristocrat was just waiting for an excuse to grapple with his enemy.
At the same time, the people in the novel “Fathers and Sons” only evoke positive emotions. The guys ran after the doctor all day long, like dogs, Pyotr and Dunyasha sympathized with the hero. Even shy Fenichka was so accustomed to Evgeniy’s simplicity and kindness that she dared to call him in the middle of the night when her son fell ill.
Bazarov's loneliness
The novel “Fathers and Sons” tells about the struggle between democracy and aristocracy. Bazarov is presented in the work as a kind of quixote, he goes to extremes. Eugene is hated by aristocrats and loved simple people, but he has no like-minded people, even the author himself does not understand his hero, he believes that in real life such a person has nothing to do. In Maryino, Bazarov differs from the local landowners, and for the servants he is like one of their own, but in his village for all the serfs he is a gentleman.
The image of Bazarov in the novel “Fathers and Sons” is tragic. The hero does not find like-minded people, only imaginary followers for whom his ideas are a tribute to fashion. In addition, he is unhappy in love. Eugene’s death was inevitable, because it is almost impossible for someone like him to survive on earth.
