Frog-wah: drawing with mom. Let's not forget about the paws and torso

Causes bubbles can have completely different causes.

Some of them are associated with infections, some with burns or autoimmune diseases. The most common causes of bubbles are:

• Burn from direct sunlight;

This is a common occurrence in the summer for those who work under open air or does not know how to tan. Watery blisters do not appear immediately, but 5-8 hours after irradiation. Such blisters are also accompanied by a feeling of heat, as if the sun is still baking the skin on the affected area.

• Chickenpox;

The causative agent is human herpes virus, type 3. B childhood Most people suffer from chickenpox, and they tolerate it easily and without consequences. With chickenpox, the blisters are numerous, cover the entire body and are concentrated towards the extremities, which makes it possible to distinguish between blisters that arise for other reasons.

• Herpes;

A huge number of people around the world are infected with one of the many strains of herpesvirus. The only complication may be associated with the penetration of a secondary infection into the resulting wound.

• Allergy;

If blisters appear at such a rate that it can be noticed naked eye, and are localized in places of contact with the allergen, which means you have an allergy. The surface of the skin becomes red and very itchy.

• Fungal diseases;

They are also localized in certain places(feet, hands), and can quickly degenerate into coarser and more stable formations.

• Mechanical irritation;

Water blisters on the body are formed by rubbing along with dry calluses. They are usually solitary and easy to distinguish by their location.

• Thermal burns;

Blisters after burns are difficult to confuse with anything: most often the burned person remembers the very moment of contact with a hot object or liquid, because you can only miss such a moment if you fall asleep leaning against a hot radiator. larger than others in size and pose the greatest danger in terms of infection.

Do not scratch blisters, even if you really want to, because if the blister breaks while scratching, an infection will enter the wound, which will cause complications. Instead of scratching, you can gently scratch the skin around it or use a spray that neutralizes the itching.

Allergy

Chickenpox

First aid

For blisters, emergency treatment is usually not required, but if itching or pain is overwhelming, you can take a set of simple measures to eliminate these symptoms:

• The blister itself and the skin around it must be thoroughly washed with soap;
• Wipe the blister with iodine or alcohol without damaging the skin;
• Use a sterilized needle to open the blister;
• Carefully drain the liquid;
• Apply an antibacterial agent (for example Levomekol);
• Bandage or seal with adhesive tape, laying a layer of fabric;
• After a few days, remove the bandage, sterilize again with alcohol and remove excess skin.

Pharmacy products

From thermal burns ointments such as Levomekol, Tetracycline ointment, Vishnevsky ointment, Bepanten, Dermazin, Spasatel, Actovegin help. These are combined products that disinfect, moisturize and at the same time stimulate tissue regeneration. The products are very easy to use - simply apply to the burn site. Lidocaine or anesthetics in the form of sprays are suitable for local anesthesia.

By means for sunburn are ointments with steroid hormones: Fluorocort, Afoderm, Elokom.

Against chicken pox The antihistamines Gistan and Fenistil are effective. They reduce itching and allergic reactions. This allows them to be used effectively against blisters that occur due to allergies. For disinfection, 5% potassium permanganate solution.

Against herpes There are ointments Bonafton and Ponavir, the action of which is directed against the virus that causes the disease.

From fungi ointments Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Naftifine and Natamycin help. A feature of fungal infection is the long period of treatment, which stretches for weeks and sometimes months.

Traditional medicine

Treat water blisters and burns of both types aloe will help. A piece of a leaf of this plant is cut off, peeled and applied to the burn site, secured with a plaster or bandage. Also ethnoscience recommends smearing burns with honey or flour. All these remedies also help prevent blisters immediately after a burn.

Traditional healers recommend for chickenpox chamomile baths. Boil 60 grams of the collection in a liter of water, cool and strain. Pour the resulting broth into the bath. The patient should bathe twice a day for 10 minutes.

A powerful antifungal agent is novocaine lotion. A piece of cotton wool is soaked in novocaine and applied to the affected area. The cotton wool should be kept on all night and the procedure should be repeated daily until complete recovery.

But it’s good for herpes sagebrush. A tablespoon of herb is brewed in a glass of boiling water for 15 minutes. The solution is filtered and drunk ¼ 30 minutes before each meal.

What should you not do?

You should not perform manipulations with blisters that could lead to infection: scratching, tearing, cutting the blisters, trying to squeeze them out, etc. It is especially dangerous to do this with dirty hands or other objects.

You can carefully puncture the blister, but you need to do it with a clean tool.

Blisters that are caused by a fungal or viral infection should not be ignored: the sooner treatment begins, the better.

In what cases should you consult a doctor?

If appearance and the location of the blisters indicate that they are infectious in nature, you need to see a doctor. You should contact a dermatologist or therapist.

If the cause of blisters is a burn, then the threat to health depends on its area. A single blister with an area of ​​1-2 square centimeters does not pose a threat, but if, for example, an entire hand is burned, you need to contact a burn center or the office of a combustiologist (burn specialist). If there is no such specialist in your local clinic, you can contact a surgeon.

Prevention and further care

Prevention measures depend on the specific cause of the fluid blisters. Prevention of infectious diseases comes down to preventing infection and maintaining immunity. In the case of chickenpox, the main preventative measure is isolation from patients.

Most people are already infected with herpes, so to avoid unpleasant lesions on the skin, you should support your immune system by taking echinacea tincture, avoiding hypothermia, lack of sleep, stress and malnutrition.

Fungal infections are most often transmitted to public baths or when using the same shoes/clothes/towels. It is enough to follow the rules of personal hygiene and use your own shoes, clothes and towels to avoid infection.

In case of thermal burns, you should immediately expose the burned area to the stream. cold water and hold it for 8-10 minutes, no less. Raw beets will also help, pumpkin or aloe. Pieces of beet root, pumpkin fruit or aloe leaf should be applied to the burned area and held.

After treatment, it is important to prevent infection from entering. To do this, the wound must be kept clean, treated with disinfectants, bandaged or sealed with an adhesive plaster until the wound heals. If an infection has entered the wound, and this can be seen by swelling and discoloration, you should consult a doctor.

Conclusion

Thus, blisters on the skin occur for various reasons. These may include burns due to exposure to high temperatures or radiation, infections and allergies.

Prevention and treatment measures depend on what exactly is causing the blisters, but in most cases, maintaining personal hygiene and moderation in sunbathing will help keep the skin healthy. We hope now you know what water blisters are, why they appear and how they can be cured.

Watch the video: blisters with urticaria, how to recognize

Big Soap Bubbles: Systematic Experiments

After the first trial experiments, I approached the work more systematically. Instead of glass funnels, I started using plastic water bottles with the bottom cut off to blow bubbles: first two-liter, then five-liter. At the cut end of the bottle I made small longitudinal cuts with scissors (length about 5 mm, pitch 3-5 mm). This slightly increased the area of ​​the soap film and the amount of soap solution that was retained on the walls. For soap bubbles Cool and humid air is favorable. At the time of the experiments, the temperature in the laboratory was 12-14°C. Bubbles are produced better in cold and humid air than in warm and dry air. Evaporation thins the soap film and it breaks faster.

When blowing soap bubbles, the following composition showed good results:

liquid detergent for dishes "Gala" 3 parts: water 2 parts: glycerin 1 part (by volume) .

I was not involved in optimizing this ratio, but that was not the point special meaning: the composition of detergents (even of the same brand, from the same manufacturer) can vary significantly from batch to batch. There is no doubt that other liquid detergents (from different manufacturers) will give similar results, but the ratio of detergent: water: glycerin will have to be selected experimentally each time. (Remember that it is advisable to use distilled (soft) water. If distillate is not available, you can use boiled water.)

When blowing bubbles, I followed the following technique. He dipped the cut end of the bottle into the solution and slightly sucked air into the bottle, then carefully removed the bottle. As a result, a large soap film was formed. Along the edges of the film there was lather, which got into the bottle while air was being sucked in. Hold the bottle with the hole facing down and begin to gently blow out the bubble. As a result, the foam “straightens out” and joins the main soap film. The solution that flows from the walls also “feeds” the soap bubble. When the bubble reaches a sufficient size, it will become noticeable that it tends to rise upward. At this moment we begin to gradually raise the bottle: first to horizontal position, then - to vertical (so that the bubble is above your head). In this case, the solution that drains from the walls stops feeding the soap bubble. However, if the slope is not changed, the bubble will become deformed and burst.

It's not an easy job to blow soap bubbles: you need to have good lungs. The volume of a sphere with a diameter of 50 cm is 65 liters! For comparison, the maximum volume of air exhaled (vital capacity, vital capacity) for most people is approximately 3-6 liters. After several attempts, we managed to blow out a bubble with a diameter of more than 50 cm; it came off the bottle and slowly flew upward. The bubble burst when it collided with the lamp. Of course, the camera was turned off. However, later it was possible to photograph a similar bubble several times. The exact size of large bubbles is difficult to estimate: they rarely acquire a spherical shape; different directions waves pass by.

In the first experiments, while blowing bubbles, I was worried that they would not burst. Later when I cheated big bubbles, there was no fear at all that the bubble would burst. There was only one thought left: “Lord, how much can you fool him!” In addition, there was a slight feeling of the unreality of what was happening: you had a ball above your head, more than half a meter in diameter, which shimmered, oscillated and actively stretched with each exhalation.

I read in one article that when blowing bubbles, the presence of foam in a soap solution is harmful, but I didn’t notice anything like that. On the contrary, when I blew the largest bubbles, I lowered the bottle into the solution and sucked foam into it: then it fed the soap film of the large bubble.

I tried to use a compressor to blow bubbles, but the experiments turned out poorly. Apparently, it is important that the air exhaled through the mouth is moist; in addition, the compressor produces vibrations and shocks.

An interesting observation: as long as the bubble film is iridescent, it is quite strong. Such a soap bubble can only burst from a sharp blow. But when the film is too thin, it becomes almost white and visually uneven. This bubble will burst soon. Rainbow colors are caused by the interference of light rays in a thin film of liquid, but we will not dwell on this phenomenon for now.

Once upon a time, when soap had already been invented in a more or less similar form as we are used to seeing it now, the king of one country ordered everyone to wash themselves thoroughly. An order is an order, and all the residents began to lather themselves with soap, rubbed each other’s backs, and only one chimney sweep flatly refused to wash his neck. According to him, he had no intention of ever washing his neck. One day, when he was smoking his favorite pipe as usual, the guards came for him and put him in a cell where there was a bath, soap and a towel. IN last time they offered him to wash himself and then they would not execute him. But he stood his ground and kept repeating “never and never.” Then they left him alone in the cell to smoke the last pipe of his life. And imagine his amazement when, instead of smoke, a soap bubble appeared from the pipe. A transparent soap ball flew out the window and shone in the sun.

The people who saw this miracle were simply in amazement, and soon a whole crowd of residents formed under the windows of the prison to watch this miracle. A local professor was brought into the cell and he said that soapy water got into the tube and soap bubbles appeared. People were so delighted that everyone, of course, started talking about executing the chimney sweep, on the contrary. he became a very famous and respected citizen of the kingdom. Soap bubbles have become very valuable. For example, a bag of flour could be bought for 13 soap bubbles. And when the chimney sweep was taken back to his place with all honors, he thought only of one thing: “But I still haven’t washed my neck.” This is such a legend)

It turns out that there is a completely simple explanation for this beautiful bright phenomenon. The rainbow coloring of the surface of a soap bubble is a special type of Newton's rings. State inner surface The film from which the bubble is made is stable, and the outer one is influenced by external factors (for example: air movement, ingress of dust particles, etc.).

It is under their influence that the thickness of the film changes, causing a shimmer of rainbow colors. Common name This phenomenon is the interference of light waves. (Wave interference is a nonlinear addition of the intensities of two or more waves, accompanied by an alternation of intensity maxima and minima in space. The result of interference (interference pattern) depends on the phase difference of the superimposed waves).

But why don’t they fly for long? They stay in the air for quite a long time, but after a while they begin to descend. This comes from the fact that the warm air that entered them from our mouth during inflation is lighter than the outside air; being lighter, it, like hydrogen, tends upward.

A soap bubble is the same as a small one balloon filled with warm air. And this air is so much warmer than the outside air that it allows it to rise. despite the weight water shell, tight-fitting bubble. However, it cannot stay at altitude for long: water is a good conductor of heat, and the shell of a soap bubble is very thin. Soon the warmth of the air with which we blew out the soap bubble disappears; the air in the bubble becomes the same as the air around it.

Then his shell is not able to fly in the air any longer: the earth pulls it down

Bubble - folk pastime, known since ancient times and widely used today.

At sunlight soap bubbles shimmer in different colors bright colors. They create the impression of joy and magic, a holiday of color and light. The iridescent color of the bubbles is an optical illusion, since the bubbles are actually colorless.

The shades of light are determined by the thickness of the soap film. The thicker it is, the less red color there is in the bubble. These bubbles are dominated by blue-green shades. The thin film turns purple.

I think the history of soap bubbles will be very interesting for children. After all, these magical balls shimmering with all colors bring an element of celebration to any day and are so popular with children and adults.

Historians have found evidence of blowing soap bubbles in the distant past. On ancient frescoes found during excavations, drawings depicting people releasing them were preserved.

In the 18th and 19th centuries, soap bubbles were made from water left over from washing.

In 1886, soap bubbles were offered for sale for the first time.

At first, the bubbles were sold in stores, then they began to be offered by vendors on the streets. The holiday trade was a huge success.

IN art galleries paintings of the world are exhibited different eras, in which artists depicted children and adults blowing soap bubbles.

The most famous of them:

- painting English artist John Millais "Bubbles", written in 1886. The painting depicts the artist's grandson blowing soap bubbles. This painting served as an advertisement for soap bubbles. Largely due to this advertising, soap bubbles gained popularity in the 18th century;

- painting by J.B. Chardin “Soap Bubbles” (1734) In the painting, a man blows a soap bubble through a straw;

You can see soap bubbles in painting on the page http://japanesedolls.ru/index/0-290

Soap bubbles today

Nowadays, this fun has not lost its popularity. You can now buy it in stores without any problems. play sets to create soap bubbles.

The kit includes tools for blowing bubbles, a ready-made soap solution and a container for diluting the solution with water.

If you prepare a solution for soap bubbles yourself, then you can find devices for blowing bubbles in stores, or you can prepare them yourself. Devices can be different sizes and with different numbers of cells. With their help you can blow big bubble or many small ones.

Soap bubbles are a decoration for any holiday, from children's parties to weddings and corporate events.