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Masanov Ivan Filippovich

"Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures"
I.F.Masanov. IN four volumes.

Moscow, Publishing House of the All-Union Book Chamber, 1956-1960.

T. 1. Pseudonyms of Russian alphabet A-I.
T. 2. Pseudonyms of the Russian alphabet K-P.
T. 3. Pseudonyms of Russian alphabet R-Y. (Pseudonyms of Latin and greek alphabets. Astronims, numbers, different signs).
T. 4. New additions to the alphabetical index of pseudonyms. Alphabetical index of authors.

An academic edition in publisher's bindings in excellent condition.

"Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures" is the result of more than forty years of painstaking work by the famous bibliographer, historian of Russian literature Ivan Filippovich Masanov (1874-1945). The publication, covering more than 80,000 pseudonyms, includes all materials collected by the author in the period 1900-1945. through the use of a variety of printed as well as archival data, and reveals not only each pseudonym, but also indicates the source on the basis of which the decryption was made, with the deepest scientific accuracy and professional thoroughness.
Previously, such a publication did not exist in the domestic bibliography (as well as in the world). I.F. Masanov was the first to undertake this gigantic task, the need for which had existed for a long time, because Since the 18th century, pseudonyms in Russian Empire have become widespread. Political conditions, the official position of the authors, the desire to take a “speaking” name corresponding to the personal creative or civic position, the desire to hide the origin, the nationality of the bearer of the name, the aesthetic preferences of the era, the fear of failure in the literary field, and finally, cacophony real name and other personal motives led to their widespread use in pre-revolutionary Russia not only in the field of socio-political, but also in the field of fiction, as well as special natural science and technical literature. However, even after the revolution, the custom of replacing the author’s actual signature with a pseudonym did not disappear.
So we can safely say that this dictionary is the main reference book for Russian literary pseudonyms of the 18th-20th centuries.

Unfortunately, the scientist could not personally complete the research - truly the work of his whole life. In February 1945 Ivan Filippovich died of heart paralysis. They were completed and prepared for printing by his son Yuri Ivanovich Masanov.

Council of the Russian Bibliographical Society at Moscow University. 1924 NIOR RSL

About the now disappeared Moscow house No. 10 on Gogolevskaya Street (also no longer existing) and its inhabitant - an outstanding worker in the field of bibliology I.F. Masanove.

This essay is the fifth documentary story about the ancient wooden houses of Moscow and their owners. Although these houses were located on the outskirts of the Mother See, cultural life there was a spring in them. Guests often gathered there - either on Novoselenskaya Street, 24, with Nikolai Andreevich Shamin, a member of the Moscow City Duma and the chairman of the memorial commission of the “Old Moscow” society, or at Malaya Serpukhovskaya, 6, with a merchant of mosquito goods and “part-time” writer and publisher Vladimir Pavlovich Yutanov (also visiting his guest - the poet and literary critic Nikolai Sergeevich Ashukin), then at Sokolinaya, 10, at the tailor’s, and in the soul of the poet Ivan Alekseevich Belousov... Today we will talk about house number 10 on Gogolevskaya street, where long years lived by the historian and bibliographer I.F. Masanov. Nikolai Dmitrievich Teleshov (1867–1957) - poet, prose writer, one of the founders of the famous literary circle “Sreda” (1899–1916) - recalled: “Sometimes he (Masanov. - V.B.) came to see me<…>together with I.A. Belousov, and even I visited him in Cherkizovo, in his small house with a tiny garden where vegetables and flowers grew. Along the walls of small, low rooms - a bedroom and an office - folders with inscriptions and boxes with tens of thousands of cards rose to the ceiling. Everything is fine with him. Sometimes I found bibliographers with him famous names, professors, art critics, scientific researchers in literature, writers - they were all ordinary visitors this modest corner, which concealed valuable scientific materials collected over the course of whole life. <…>When, during hasty work, someone needed to immediately find the date of birth or death of one of the writers, artists, scientists for an article, or find out the real name of a person known only under a pseudonym, then, without rummaging through the archives and without accidentally trusting someone’s memory, it was necessary to contact Cherkizovo, Gogol Street (Gogolevskaya; this is a “standard” typo. - V.B.), building 10,<…>and there in a few minutes you will receive the most detailed and most accurate information. When visiting Ivan Filippovich Masanov, I almost always met one of his acquaintances who received information from him for urgent work. Yes, myself<…>often turned to Ivan Filippovich for help so as not to make a mistake in indicating the dates of birth and death of the persons mentioned. Professor S.D. Balukhaty, a famous literary critic and researcher of the works of Gorky and Chekhov, especially Chekhov's plays, - I owed a lot of information to him, the most modest of the most modest guardians exact dates and certificates - the works of his whole life "...

May 30, 1874 – February 25, 1945

Russian historian, bibliographer

Father of bibliographer and literary critic Yu. I. Masanov (1911-1965).

Biography

Ivan Filippovich Masanov was born in 1874 in the village of Novoe, Vladimir province, into the family of a peasant mason. After graduating from rural school, he was sent to work in Moscow, where he worked as a laborer: painter, mason, roofer, office worker, packer, delivery boy, cashier, without ceasing to educate himself all this time: he learned German and Esperanto.

Ivan Filippovich’s acquaintance with the famous Vladimir bibliographer A.V. Smirnov determined the further interests of the young man. Smirnov at the time of his acquaintance with Masanov was already the author of numerous works on Russian writers (among them F. M. Dostoevsky, A. N. Ostrovsky, collected materials for biographies of N. G. Chernyshevsky and A. P. Chekhov), he published in In 1892, in the journal “Bibliographic Notes”, an article “To the Dictionary of Pseudonyms of Russian Writers”, worked on the publication “Natives and figures of the Vladimir province who gained fame in various fields of public benefit” (in five volumes, Vladimir, 1896-1919), and “Portrait gallery of natives and figures of the Vladimir province”, three editions, Vladimir, 1900-1904).

Smirnov involved Masanov in work in the field of regional bibliography at the Vladimir Scientific Archival Commission. Together they publish “Indices of the contents of the unofficial part of the Vladimir Provincial Gazette from 1838 to 1900 inclusive and of the Vladimir Diocesan Gazette from 1865 to 1900 inclusive” (Vladimir, 1902). Their cooperation was not limited to local bibliography; later they published a content index “Russian satirical and humorous magazines” (Vladimir, 1910-1913), where “Spark”, “Beep”, “Splinter”, “Wasp”, “Alarm Clock” are described in detail. , “Veselchak”, etc.

Beginning in 1892, I. F. Masanov published in the “Vladimir Provincial Gazette” first chronicler’s notes, and then a number of local history materials: “Trip to Suzdal” (1902), “In Memory of a Forgotten Writer” (A. I. Sakharov) (1903) , in 1905 he published his first book, “Bibliography of the Vladimir Province,” edited by A. V. Smirnov. This impressive study met with positive criticism (P. A. Dilaktorsky in the Historical Bulletin). Masanov’s further works were of a general literary nature: “Bibliography of the works of A. P. Chekhov” (Moscow, 1906), “Bibliography of the works of A. I. Levitov” (“Russian Archive”, 1907, December, pp. 465-470), subject description of the contents of the magazine “Russian Archive” (1863-1908), (Moscow, 1908), the newspaper of the Aksakov brothers “Molva” (1857), (Vladimir, 1911). He publishes his articles in the Russian Archive and the Historical Bulletin.

Masanov establishes wide connections in the literary world, he meets Maria Pavlovna Chekhova, O. L. Knipper-Chekhova, V. A. Gilyarovsky, I. A. Belousov, A. S. Lazarev-Gruzinsky, N. D. Teleshov, V. V. Veresaev and others. In 1929, Masanov’s famous “Chekhoviana” was published - “a systematic index of literature about Chekhov and his work,” as the subtitle says. The work, distinguished by its exhaustive completeness and professional accuracy, met with a warm welcome among Czech scholars. Thus, Masanov’s interests were distributed in several directions at once: local history and local bibliography, analytical history of journalism, history of Russian literature - Czech studies.

Father of bibliographer and literary critic Yu. I. Masanov (1911-1965).

Biography

Ivan Filippovich Masanov was born in 1874 in the village of Novoe, Vladimir province, into the family of a peasant mason. After graduating from rural school, he was sent to work in Moscow, where he worked as a laborer: a painter, a bricklayer, a roofer, a clerk, a packer, a delivery boy, and a cashier, without ceasing to educate himself all this time: he learned German and Esperanto.

Ivan Filippovich’s acquaintance with the famous Vladimir bibliographer A.V. Smirnov determined the further interests of the young man. Smirnov at the time of his acquaintance with Masanov was already the author of numerous works on Russian writers (among them F. M. Dostoevsky, A. N. Ostrovsky, collected materials for biographies of N. G. Chernyshevsky and A. P. Chekhov), he published in In 1892, in the journal “Bibliographic Notes”, an article “To the Dictionary of Pseudonyms of Russian Writers”, worked on the publication “Natives and figures of the Vladimir province who gained fame in various fields of public benefit” (in five volumes, Vladimir, 1896-1919), and “Portrait gallery of natives and figures of the Vladimir province”, three editions, Vladimir, 1900-1904).

Smirnov involved Masanov in work in the field of regional bibliography at the Vladimir Scientific Archival Commission. Together they publish “Indices of the contents of the unofficial part of the Vladimir Provincial Gazette from 1838 to 1900 inclusive and of the Vladimir Diocesan Gazette from 1865 to 1900 inclusive” (Vladimir, 1902). Their cooperation was not limited to local bibliography; later they published a content index “Russian satirical and humorous magazines” (Vladimir, 1910-1913), where “Spark”, “Beep”, “Splinter”, “Wasp”, “Alarm Clock” are described in detail. , “Veselchak”, etc.

Beginning in 1892, I. F. Masanov published in the “Vladimir Provincial Gazette” first chronicler’s notes, and then a number of local history materials: “A Trip to Suzdal” (1902), “In Memory of a Forgotten Writer” (A. I. Sakharov) (1903) , in 1905 he published his first book, “Bibliography of the Vladimir Province,” edited by A. V. Smirnov. This impressive study met with positive criticism (P. A. Dilaktorsky in the Historical Bulletin). Masanov’s further works were of a general literary nature: “Bibliography of the works of A. P. Chekhov” (Moscow, 1906), “Bibliography of the works of A. I. Levitov” (“Russian Archive”, 1907, December, pp. 465-470), subject description of the contents of the magazine “Russian Archive” (1863-1908), (Moscow, 1908), the newspaper of the Aksakov brothers “Molva” (1857), (Vladimir, 1911). He publishes his articles in the Russian Archive and the Historical Bulletin.

Masanov establishes wide connections in the literary world, he meets Maria Pavlovna Chekhova, O. L. Knipper-Chekhova, V. A. Gilyarovsky, I. A. Belousov, A. S. Lazarev-Gruzinsky, N. D. Teleshov, V. V. Veresaev and others. In 1929, Masanov’s famous “Chekhoviana” was published - “a systematic index of literature about Chekhov and his work,” as the subtitle says. The work, distinguished by its exhaustive completeness and professional accuracy, met with a warm welcome among Czech scholars. Thus, Masanov’s interests were distributed in several directions at once: local history and local bibliography, analytical history of journalism, history of Russian literature - Czech studies.

Dictionary of nicknames

But the most important work in life for I. F. Masanov was the compilation of the colossal “Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures.” The idea of ​​such a dictionary had been in the air for a long time; A. V. Smirnov, along with many other bibliographers, began collecting preparatory materials for it, and passed them on to his student, I. F. Masanov. Later, Masanov will release his “Dictionary” with a dedication to his teacher: “In memory of Alexander Vasilyevich Smirnov (1854-1918), the first to show me the path to bibliography.”

Masanov became involved directly in collecting pseudonyms in 1900, and for some time their work with Smirnov progressed together. The original edition of the Dictionary was prepared back in 1904, but Masanov suspended printing, realizing its incompleteness. He decides to reveal not only each pseudonym, but also to cite specific sources from which the pseudonym was deciphered. The work thus became significantly more complicated and continued until the very end of the bibliographer’s life for forty-five years.

In the same 1904, Masanov turned to Russian writers with a request to reveal their pseudonyms so that they could be published in his Dictionary. In response to this, in the 308th issue of the newspaper “Rus”, a sharp response appeared signed by Abadonna (pseudonym of A.V. Amphiteatrov), which was seen as an attempt on “literary property”; such an attack, in his opinion, “was one of the most serious literary crimes” “an unconscious fruit of naivety or unfamiliarity with writing rules and ethics,” an attempt “close to blackmail and denunciation.” Masanov, upset by such harshness, temporarily abandoned his plan.

Not all writers greeted the idea of ​​a “Dictionary of Pseudonyms” with such hostility. Many of them complied with Masanov's request. On the other hand, historians and literary scholars, who had information about revealed pseudonyms at their disposal, reported this data to him. Gradually, the work on compiling the “Dictionary” took on a national scale. Masanov had to patiently explain the need for his work for science with the goal of a more comprehensive and in-depth study of literature and history, including in the circle of studies of literary scholars and literary historians a corpus of texts previously ignored by researchers, or, conversely, excluding from scientific circulation texts that were erroneously attributed earlier.

Masanov returned to work on the dictionary after 1917, when possible accusations of “denunciation” seemed to disappear by themselves. Masanov recorded each pseudonym he revealed, its use in various publications and the source from which the information was obtained on a separate card. For the first time, the question of publishing a dictionary was raised by a group of scientists at the People's Commissariat of Education in 1929. By this time, Masanov already had 40 thousand of these cards. At that time, no decision about publication was made. In 1934, his article “On the history of the Russian literary pseudonym” was published. The following year, it was finally decided to publish the Dictionary, and in 1936 it began to be published by the famous Academia publishing house, edited by A. A. Borovsky and N. P. Kiselev.

Of the three supposed volumes, only the first volume (letters A - M) was published, and, despite the fact that the publication was published in an insignificant edition of 300 copies, which did not go into public use and were distributed only to scientific libraries, it was immediately stopped, because in the first The volume included the pseudonyms of such “enemies of the people” as L. B. Kamenev (director of the Academia publishing house until 1935), G. Zinoviev and other “opportunists,” as well as emigrant writers. Masanov’s scientific meticulousness almost played a cruel joke on him.

The Academia publishing house soon ceased to exist. Some of the circulation could have been completely destroyed, while others were transferred to special storage facilities.

Five years later, the journal “Soviet Bibliography” (1941, No. 1) published the work of I. F. Masanov “Bibliography of pseudonyms, anonyms, hoaxes and plagiarism” (the article was created jointly with his son). And on the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the “Dictionary of Pseudonyms” began to be published again in three volumes. By this time, Masanov had already collected 60 thousand cards with pseudonyms. The publication began to be published in the All-Union Book Chamber under the editorship of M. A. Godkevich and B. P. Kozmin in a truncated form - it was intended to publish only the seventh or eighth part of the entire collected material, but this time the scientist was prevented by the war - in the summer of 1941 it was only published first volume (letters A - L).

Unfortunately, during the war, Masanov’s archive was not preserved in the All-Union Book Chamber, and Ivan Filippovich himself died of paralysis on February 25, 1945. Some of the work had to be started all over again. In 1949, the double second and final third volume of the long-suffering Dictionary was finally published. From now on, all organizational and scientific work was taken over by Ivan Filippovich’s son, Yuri Ivanovich Masanov (December 5, 1911 - June 16, 1965), a bibliographer, literary critic and scientific director of the All-Union Book Chamber.

In the end, he manages to complete his father’s undertaking, and in 1956 - 1960 four large volumes of the “Dictionary of Pseudonyms of Russian Writers, Scientists and Public Figures” were published; I. F. Masanov was indicated as the author of the publication, although the dictionary was supplemented and prepared for publication by his son. It already included about 80 thousand pseudonyms. In the final fourth volume of the dictionary, an announcement appeared for all interested parties to send comments and additions to the dictionary to the address of the “All-Union Book Chamber” to Yu. I. Masanov, since he intended to continue the work of disclosing pseudonyms in the future.

Despite its significant scientific value, this publication also did not avoid some gaps, some of which were caused by censorship reasons. Most likely, it is for these same reasons that the authors of the reference book, “Russian Fiction: Index of Bibliographical Aids,” published in 1976 by the publishing house “Kniga,” when mentioning the four-volume edition of I. F. Masanov’s dictionary of the fifties, do not remember its previous editions.

A publication similar to the “Dictionary of Pseudonyms” has never existed in the domestic (as well as in the world) bibliography. I. F. Masanov was the first of the bibliographers who decided to carry out such a grandiose task, the need to realize which was felt by many researchers before Masanov, since the literary pseudonym had been in wide circulation since the 18th century.

There were many motives that forced authors to use pseudonyms. Masanov analyzed them in the preface to his major work. This is a political, official situation, the euphony of a surname, a surname expressing a personal attitude, the desire to hide the real origin, a literary game, a humorous “buffoonery”. Many other personal and social reasons have caused and are causing their widespread use in Russia in all branches of knowledge and creativity.

Masanov’s “Dictionary” was a kind of universal reference book on literary pseudonyms and more. In terms of completeness of information about individual personalities, it approaches an encyclopedic dictionary and in some cases can replace it: in addition to the pseudonyms themselves, Masanov gives the real name, surname and patronymic of the authors known to him, his occupation, the dates of their life, place of birth and place of death, his place publication, year, publication number, in some cases even the title of the work; for women, if possible, the surname before marriage is indicated. Links to sources of information are provided. The Dictionary includes foreign authors who published in Russia under pseudonyms.

And since the overwhelming majority of all Russian authors used pseudonyms, it becomes clear that in the Dictionary you can find information about such personalities that are not presented in any other encyclopedic dictionary or literary reference book. It has not lost its value to this day, although it has long been in need of updating and supplementing it with a list of authors of anonymous articles.

Masanov and public organizations

I. F. Masanov was a member of the Russian Bibliographic Society at Moscow University, the A. P. Chekhov Society, the Society for Assistance to the State Literary Museum, and a member of the Academic Council of the All-Union Book Chamber. At the same time, he was in close contact with such scientific institutions as the library. V.I. Lenin and M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, Pushkin House, Academy of Sciences, A.P. Chekhov Museum, Institute of World Literature named after. A. M. Gorky, with literary publications: “Book News”, “Bibliographic News”, “Literary Heritage”, etc.

Bibliography

• Bibliography of the Vladimir province, vol. I, Vladimir, 1905.
• Bibliography of works by A.P. Chekhov. M.: University Printing House, 1906. 28 p.
• Bibliography of the works of A. I. Levitov” // “Russian Archives”, 1907, December, p. 465-470.
• “Russian Archive”, published by P. Bartenev. 1863-1908. The contents of his books and subject painting... M., 1908 (anonymous)
• Russian satirical and humorous magazines. (Second half of the 19th century). Vladimir, 1910. Issue. 1., 42, , 259 pp.; 1913. Issue. 2. 16, 26, 304, p.; 1913. Issue. 3. 334 p. section pag. (Proceedings of the Vladimir Scientific Archival Commission; Books XI-XII, XV-XVIII).
• "Molva", literary weekly newspaper (1857) - bibliographic index (Vladimir, 1911);
• Chekhovian: Systematic index of literature about Chekhov and his work / Introduction. Art. and ed. A. B. Derman. M.: State. center. book Chamber of the RSFSR, 1929. Issue. 1. 119 p.
• Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers and scientists: In 3 volumes / State. center. book ward; Ed. A.D. Borovsky and P.N. Kiselev. M.; L.: Academia, 1936. T. 1: A - M. XLIX, 499 p. - Tyr. 300 copies
• “Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures.” In 3 volumes. / Ed. M. A. Godkevich, B. P. Kozmin. - M., All-Union Book Chamber, 1941. Volume one: A - L. - XLIX, 573 p. Shooting gallery 8000 copies Volume two: M - Z; Volume three: Alphabetical index of authors. - M., All-Union Book Chamber, 1949
• “Dictionary of pseudonyms of Russian writers, scientists and public figures.” In 4 volumes. Prepare for publication Yu. I. Masanov; Ed. B. P. Kozmin. - M., All-Union Book Chamber, 1956-1960.

T. 1. Pseudonyms of the Russian alphabet A-I. - 1956. 442 p., 1 l. portrait;

T. 2. Pseudonyms of the Russian alphabet K-P. - 1957. 387 p.;

T. 3. Pseudonyms of the Russian alphabet R-Ya. (Pseudonyms of the Latin and Greek alphabets. Astronims, numbers, different signs). - 1958. 415 p.;

T. 4. New additions to the alphabetical index of pseudonyms. Alphabetical index of authors. - 1960. 558 p.

• Ivan Filippovich Masanov, 1874-1945: [Collection of articles]. M.: Publishing house. All-Union Book Chamber, 1946. 29 p., 1 sheet. portrait (Book figures; Issue 2).