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The detective genre is one of the most favorite genres. An exciting plot containing a secret or riddle, a competition between the logic of the detective and the cunning plan of the criminal, details that do not escape the attention of a professional - all this is sure to be present in a detective story.

Special “keys” will help you solve the mystery. Can you find them? Are you an attentive reader? Try it! There are ten riddles before you.

Deaf and mute buyer

A deaf and mute customer came into the store to buy a pencil sharpener. He showed the seller what he needed with signs: he put his finger to his ear, and made a rotational movement with the fist of his other hand. The seller guessed and served the buyer. After this, a blind customer entered the store. How did he explain to the salesman that he needed scissors?

Ransom for son

A rich man's son was kidnapped. The kidnapper demanded that the rich man bring him an expensive diamond to a telephone booth located in a city park, where there were always a lot of pigeons. The police, dressed in civilian clothes, surrounded the park. The father of the abducted child came to the telephone booth and followed all the instructions of the kidnapper. The police were unable to stop the cunning criminal and catch him. Diamond somehow disappeared from the booth. How did this happen?

Theft of an antique glass

I absolutely cannot imagine who would want this antique glass, since it is impossible to sell it, and last night it was there. No one else entered the room after me. The cleaning of the museum is done by a husband and wife; they have been working for us for a long time and are above suspicion,” said the director of the museum.

The inspector thought about it.

How long ago did you start collecting museum curiosities? - he suddenly asked the janitor.
What allowed the inspector to suspect the janitor's family of stealing an antique glass?

At an abandoned dacha

With the coming autumn rains the family returned to the city apartment. Even before leaving, the owner agreed with his neighbor in the dacha to look after his house. After the New Year, a neighbor called him and told him that the dacha had been robbed.

Soon the inspector was questioning the neighbor. This is what he said: “At night I heard a suspicious noise. Despite severe frost, I immediately went to my neighbor’s dacha. I looked out the window, but all the glass was frozen and I couldn’t see anything. Then I blew a small hole in the ice covering the window glass and shone it with a flashlight. The room was a terrible mess. The next morning I reported what had happened.”

“Everything is clear,” the inspector remarked sternly. - I'll ask you to follow me.
Why did the inspector suspect the neighbor of theft?

Last words

Mr. N., a London banker, was found dead in his office. He was lying on the table, a pistol in his hand, a hole in his temple. The curtains were drawn, the table lamp was on, and there was a tape recorder nearby. The inspector pressed the play button and heard N.'s last message:

I can’t wait for bankruptcy, this is the end... - and then the sound of a shot was heard. Under the banker's head was a blood-stained letter from the tax police notifying him of the audit.

Suicide seemed certain, and the police had already begun to remove the body when the inspector stopped them:

Wait a moment, this looks like murder. What made him suspicious?

Blackcurrant pie

Mr B said:

See the bearded weirdo there in the corner? He always has dinner here on Tuesdays and Thursdays. In some ways it is a local landmark.

The waitress brought them portions:

Quite right, sir. But last week he suddenly came unexpectedly on Monday! It knocked me out of my knees! I decided that, without knowing it, I had mixed up the numbers and that it was Tuesday. But the next evening he showed up as expected, so he had an unscheduled visit on Monday.

“An interesting break from habit,” muttered Poirot. - What prompted him to do this, I would like to know?

Sir, I think he was upset or worried about something. His order was strange. He hated kidney and blackcurrant pudding, and I don't remember him ordering thick soup. But that Monday he ordered thick tomato soup, steak, kidney pudding and blackcurrant pie! It looks like he just didn't notice what he was ordering!

“You know,” said Hercule Poirot, “I find all this very interesting.” What prompted him to do this, I would like to know?

Key

Let me ask a few questions. Firstly, regarding the castle. Who ordered it for the Hubbs?

“I ordered it personally,” Mr. Shaw said. “I wouldn’t trust this matter to any clerk.” As for the key, Mr. Ridgway had one key, and Mr. Vavasour and I each had one key.

And not a single clerk had access to them?

Mr. Shaw looked questioningly at Mr. Vavasour.

I think I won’t be mistaken in saying that the keys remained in the safe all the time, where we put them on the twenty-third,” said Mr. Vavasour. “Unfortunately, my colleague fell ill two weeks ago - just on the day of Philip’s departure - and only recently recovered.

"Severe bronchitis is no joke for a man my age," Mr. Shaw said sadly.

Poirot asked a few more questions. I realized that he was trying very hard to find out the degree of closeness between uncle and nephew. Mr. Vavasour's answers were brief and to the point. His nephew was a trusted bank officer and had no debts or financial difficulties. He has carried out similar assignments in the past.

“I am disappointed,” said Poirot, “that the matter turned out to be too simple.”

Which of the three who had the key was the thief?

Mysterious relatives

Oh, one more thing: you probably still have his coat? Bunch frowned.

His coat?

Mrs Eccles explained:

We'd like to take all his things, you know. For memory.

He had a watch, a wallet and a train ticket in his pockets, Bunch said. - I gave everything to Sergeant Hayes.

"Then it's all right," said Mr. Eccles. - I believe he will give these things to us. His papers must be in his wallet.

There was only a one pound note in the wallet,” Bunch said. - Nothing else.

And there were no letters? Nothing?

Bunch shook her head.

Well, thank you again, Mrs. Harmon. And the coat he was wearing, probably also the sergeant’s? Bunch furrowed her brows, apparently straining her memory.

No, she said. - It seems... I helped the doctor take off his coat so that it would be more convenient for him to examine the wound.

What did the relatives want to take and why?

Stains

I followed Holmes to the fireplace in the far corner of the room and recoiled at the sight of the terrible picture.

There is a large black spot on the oak floor. The fireplace and even the wall panel nearby were covered in splashes and dark red stains.

Stop, Watson,” Holmes ordered curtly. - By the way, what happened to the accused’s robe?

Like what?

Look at the walls, Lestrade, look at the walls!

The sleeves of the robe are soaked in blood, if that's what you meant.

Well, that's quite natural. After all, Longton helped raise the dying man's head. The sleeves don't give much. Do you have a robe?

The Scotland Yard inspector rummaged through his leather bag and pulled out a gray woolen robe.

Hm! Stains on the sleeves and edges of the robe. Curious... What surprised Holmes? Could Longton be the killer?

Bust of Napoleon

The first case was reported to us from the shop of Morse Hudson, who sells paintings and statues. The plaster bust of Napoleon was smashed to pieces. New case took place in the home of a doctor who had recently purchased two identical plaster copies of Napoleon's head. They were also broken.

If the criminal's goal was to break the bust, why didn't he break it in the house or near the house? - Lestrade asked.

“I would approach the solution from the other end,” said Sherlock Holmes.

Who smashed busts of Napoleon and why?

Poirot. Detective puzzles for brain training (collection)

comp. Zh. Bogdanova

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Introduction

The beloved and familiar character of Hercule Poirot, the most popular literary detective of the 20th century, along with Sherlock Holmes and Inspector Maigret, appeared in the imagination of the author Agatha Christie completely by accident. She had almost thought through the plot of her first work when she realized that she needed a detective to establish the truth. And she saw him - small man densely built with a huge mustache, putting everything in order, carefully arranging both objects and facts in their places. Since there were many refugees from Belgium in the area during the First World War, the author decided that a retired police inspector could be among them.

This character gave the writer more freedom. Telling about many details of everyday life and the conventions of English life, she shows them through the eyes of an outsider, who sometimes has to explain the rules that are understandable to the English bourgeois without prompting. Agatha Christie's hero is very ironic and sharp-tongued, especially regarding the English. For example: “From their own experience, many English people are convinced that what is said to a foreigner need not be taken seriously.” For a great detective, the capture of a criminal is the need to restore moral order: after all, evil must be punished, justice must prevail. In this sense, he, of course, expresses the position of the writer herself, who saw her own moral aspect in detective literature.

The main assistants in the investigation of any crime of the famous detective Hercule Poirot are method, order and gray cells (this is what Poirot calls the brain), as well as the study of the psychology of the criminal. With all this, Poirot is more than standard as a person. It is the standard and the norm that give him the opportunity to accurately determine deviations from them characteristic of the behavior and habits of the criminal.

Detectives - each in their own way - have their own unique style of investigation. Poirot uses the method of searching for anomalies and deviations in the behavior of a criminal, studying every seemingly insignificant little detail, which in the end may turn out to be decisive in solving the mystery. It is interesting that in cases where the element of chance or improvisation dominates in the behavior of the criminal - at least at one stage - Poirot temporarily comes to a dead end. But the way out of this impasse is the same. IN extreme situation Poirot even goes so far as to stage the death of one of the characters - and based on the reaction of those around him, he reconstructs the picture of what happened. WITH psychological point From a perspective, this technique is, of course, interesting, but the reader is forced to experience slight disappointment from the lack of a climax and a key to the solution. Poirot's creative baggage includes investigations of murders in old wealthy estates and expensive hotels, in social drawing rooms and student dormitories, on a train, in an airplane, on a ship, etc. Accordingly, the conditions of the game and the nature of the evidence change. But Poirot can get to the bottom of the truth and, sitting in his office, in any case, prefers not to fuss, at the same time not missing the opportunity to joke about the police: “In your opinion, a good detective ... should be full of life. He must rush back and forth. He must lie on his stomach in the road dust and look through a tiny magnifying glass for tire tracks. He's supposed to pick up cigarette butts and thrown matches, right? But I, Hercule Poirot, tell you that this is not true! The only thing that is important is the little gray cells... Quietly and imperceptibly they do their job...” By this, Poirot convinces that the ability to think logically and analyze available facts is the basis of a detective’s activity, on which the principle of investigation is built.

Poirot's method is to connect all the facts, no matter how insignificant they may seem at first glance, into a single picture. He is able to remember the smallest details testimony of witnesses, and it is these details that lead him to the correct solution to the problem. The desire for truth allows him to rummage through other people's things, read other people's letters and eavesdrop on conversations. He is also a fan of psychological experiments, which more than once allowed him to identify the killer. Poirot says about the role of the detective: “Experts collect facts, and the role of the detective is to solve the crime using the method of logical deduction, correctly reconstruct the chain of events, comparing them with evidence. But above all, understand the psychology of the criminal.”

Every self-respecting detective writer conscientiously follows all these rules. The detective's motto, based in part on the practical experience of all great masters detective genre, and partly on the prompts of the voice of conscience of an honest writer:

● The reader has the right to have equal opportunities with the detective to investigate a crime. All clues and clues must be clearly identified and described.

● It is prohibited to deliberately deceive or mislead the reader, except in cases where he and the detective follow all the rules fair play the criminal is deceiving.

● A detective work should not be love story. The main goal is to bring the criminal to justice.

● Neither the detective himself nor any of the investigators and police officers can be a criminal. This could be considered a kind of misleading of the reader.

● The criminal must be discovered deductively - through logical reasoning, and not through chance, coincidence or unmotivated confession. After all, choosing this last method solving the mystery of the crime, the author quite deliberately directs the reader along a deliberately false trail, and when he returns empty-handed, he calmly informs him that the solution was lying in his pocket all along, the author. Such an author is no better than a fan of primitive practical jokes.

● The main figure of the detective is the detective himself. His task is to collect evidence that will serve as a clue and ultimately point to who committed this vile crime in the first chapter. The detective builds a chain of his conclusions based on the analysis of the collected evidence, otherwise he is likened to a careless schoolboy who, having not solved the problem, copies the answer from the back of the problem book.

● Any detective novel must have a corpse, and the more realistic it is, the better. Only murder makes the novel as interesting as possible. Who would read three hundred pages with excitement if there were not a certain climax and movement towards solving the mystery! In the end, the reader should be rewarded for their trouble and energy.

● The mystery of the crime must be solved in a materialistic way. Such methods of establishing the truth as divination, seances, telepathy, fortune telling with the help of magic crystal etc., etc. The reader should have a chance to compete with a detective who thinks rationally, but if he is forced to compete with otherworldly forces, then he is clearly doomed to failure.

● The detective should be that unexpected figure who light hand unravels a situation that seemed hopeless. To use the minds of several detectives in the investigation of a crime not only confuses the reader and breaks the direct thread of logic, but also unfairly puts the reader at a disadvantage. If there is more than one detective, the reader does not know which one he is competing with in terms of deductive reasoning.

● The criminal should be the hero of the work who plays a relatively prominent role, that is, a character who is familiar and interesting to the reader.

● Choosing a servant or butler to play the role of a criminal means avoiding difficulties. The criminal must be a person of a certain dignity - one who usually does not attract any suspicion until a certain point.

● There should only be one criminal, no matter how many crimes are committed in the work. He may have a partner or accomplice who provides him with some services, but the entire burden of guilt must lie on the shoulders of one person. But it is necessary to give the reader the opportunity to focus all his attention on one single negative character.

● The participation of any secret gangster societies and mafia groups is prohibited. After all, an exciting and truly beautiful murder will be irrevocably spoiled if it suddenly turns out that the blame falls on the whole company. Of course, the murderer in a detective story should be given hope of salvation, but allowed to resort to help secret society- this is too much. No professional self-respecting killer needs such an advantage.

The effectiveness of law enforcement officers largely depends on the formation and development of professionally significant cognitive qualities. Along with others, these include professional sensitivity, perception, observation, thinking, imagination. Purposeful development of the listed qualities with the help practical classes and special training allows you to improve their development indicators several times.

The detective tasks presented here, previously published in the magazines “Science and Life”, “Shield”, “Tasvir”, “World of Crime”, etc., allow, to a certain extent, to develop attention, observation, intelligence and resourcefulness...

These tasks are loved by everyone and at all times. Some see in them a kind of “mental gymnastics,” a means of quenching the natural for everyone thinking man the need to test and exercise the power of one's own mind. Others are attracted by the elegant literary shell: the plot logical problems is often quite entertaining. Still others consider the main advantage of this type of problem to be their accessibility: you can often hear that solving logical problems does not require special knowledge, but only a certain level of development, the ability to think logically, acquired and developed, like any other skill, by persistent exercises.

Naturally, by solving such problems, you will not master the skills of solving and investigating real crimes, but these tasks will help you develop, to a certain extent, observation skills, logical thinking, which are so necessary in practical activities, yes and in Everyday life each person.

Criminal tasks with the participation of Inspector Warnicke

These problems were published in the journal "Science and Life" in the 60-70s of the last century. They taught readers not only to think and reason correctly, but also to be observant. Therefore, the problems about Inspector Warnicke have not lost their relevance today.

This inspector became famous on the pages of the German magazine Eulenspiegel for promptly solving the most complex and intricate crimes. His sharp mind, insight and memory can only be envied.

Will you be able to solve crimes as brilliantly as Inspector Warnicke does?! Check it out for yourself!

The Adventures of Detective Louis

The brilliant detective Ludovic is a simple-looking detective who easily unravels all sorts of difficult riddles and crimes. For several decades now he has been a regular hero of the French magazine PIF. The authors of Louis' adventures are journalist A. Kresli and artist M. Moalik.

Louis during the investigation of crimes and mysterious cases uses his characteristic powers of observation, logic and intelligence. Try to take part in his investigations and guess how Louis comes to his conclusions.

The investigation is led by Major Aniskin

Major Aniskin is a humble worker of one of the police units. Among his colleagues, he stands out for his insight, sound logic, and delicacy. He is very observant and not a single piece of evidence can escape his eyes. All this allows him to successfully resolve various work and everyday situations. His young colleagues have a lot to learn from him.

From the adventures of Inspector Werner

An experienced criminologist - Inspector Werner, the hero of the Polish magazine "Przekruj", brilliantly solves complex forensic problems that continually confront him in his professional career. Sergeant Fitt, who accompanies him everywhere, is full of zeal, but cannot compete with the inspector in observation, so he often comes to hasty, incorrect conclusions.

Try and compete with the inspector in your ability to notice every little detail and make big picture logical conclusion.

The investigation is led by Major Seytimbetov

Investigator Seytimbetov is one of best employees your department. It is he who is entrusted with the investigation of the most complex and intricate crimes. His knowledge, erudition, professional experience, coupled with tough logic, intuition and professional instincts, allow him to unravel the most complex criminal knot and find the criminal. He is happy to share his experience with his young colleagues. He is always accompanied by an assistant, Lieutenant Gordeev, who really wants to be like his mentor and tries to imitate him in everything.

Doctor Meridith's Investigations

Dr. Meridith is not a professional detective, but enjoys great authority among law enforcement officials, who very often turn to him for help in investigating complex and mysterious incidents. He earned this respect thanks to his insight and observation.

These tasks gained great popularity in the 90s of the last century thanks to publications on the pages of the newspaper “Abroad”.