The name of the fire is beating in the cramped stove. TO

A.A. Surkov "In the dugout"

The poem was written by A. Surkov in November 1941 on the Western Front. It is dedicated to the poet’s beloved woman, Sofya Krevo. In February 1942, Surkov gave these poems to the composer Listov, who set them to music. The result was a song that became very popular during the war.

In terms of its genre, this is a message from a beloved, we can attribute it to intimate lyrics, however, we will take into account the presence in the poem of military and patriotic theme. In its form, the poem is a monologue of the lyrical hero addressed to his beloved woman.

The work is built on the principle of antithesis. A cold dugout, a blizzard, snow-white snow, death - all these images are contrasted with the fire beating in the stove, the living song of an accordion, the smile of a beloved woman. All this saves the lyrical hero in terrible moments, gives him faith and hope.

The poem has ring composition. It opens with the image of fire, symbolizing love and life. Ends with recognition lyrical hero:

I feel warm in the cold dugout from your unquenchable love.

Love is the flame that warms a fighter’s soul, strengthens his will, and gives strength in battle.

The poem is written in three-foot anapest, quatrains, and cross rhymes. The poet uses various means artistic expression: epithet (“in cramped stove”, “in the snow-white fields”, “a living voice”), comparison (“On the logs there is resin like a tear”), personification (“And the accordion sings to me in the dugout”, “The bushes whispered to me about you”), metaphor (“To me It’s warm in the cold dugout from your unquenchable love”),

Material from Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia

“In Zemlyanka” (“Zemlyanka”, “Fire is beating in a cramped stove...”) is a Russian Soviet song from the times of the Great Patriotic War. Music by Konstantin Listov, poetry by Alexey Surkov.

Creation

Since the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, journalist and poet Alexei Surkov was a war correspondent for the Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda newspaper. At the end of the autumn of 1941, the 78th Rifle Division of the 16th Army defending Istra received the name 9th Guards, in connection with which the Political Directorate Western Front invited correspondents from Krasnoarmeyskaya Pravda to cover this event; Surkov, among others, went. On November 27, journalists first visited the division headquarters, after which they went to the command post of the 258th (22nd Guards) Rifle Regiment, located in the village of Kashino.

Upon arrival, it turned out that the command post was cut off from the battalions by the advancing 10th German Panzer Division, and enemy infantry was approaching the village itself. The start of mortar fire forced officers and journalists to sit in the dugout. The Germans occupied neighboring houses. Then the chief of staff of the regiment, Captain I.K. Velichkin, crawled towards the buildings, throwing grenades at the enemy, which caused a weakening of enemy fire and made it possible to make a breakthrough. Having safely passed the minefield, everyone went to the river and crossed it along another thin ice- under renewed mortar fire - to the village of Ulyashino, where the battalion was stationed.

Staff officers and correspondents were housed in the dugout. Everyone was very tired - so much so that, according to Surkov’s recollections, Chief of Staff Velichkin, sitting down to eat soup, fell asleep after the second spoon, having not slept for four days. The rest settled down near the stove, someone began to play the accordion to relieve tension. Surkov began to make sketches for the report, but it turned out to be poetry.

At night he returned to Moscow and in a letter to his wife and mother of his daughter and son, Sofya Antonovna, under the heading “You are my sunshine!” wrote later famous lines. The next day, the letter was sent to the city of Chistopol, where Surkov’s family was evacuated.

In February 1942, composer Konstantin Listov came to the editorial office of the newspaper Frontovaya Pravda, where Surkov also began working, looking for lyrics for songs. Surkov remembered the poems he had written, drew them up and gave them to the musician, according to in my own words, confident that nothing will work out. However, a week later Listov returned to the editorial office and, taking a guitar from photojournalist Mikhail Savin, performed new song, calling it “In the Dugout”. Those present approved the composition, and in the evening Savin, having asked for the lyrics, performed the song himself - the melody was remembered from the first performance.

Full lyrics

words by A. Surkov, music by K. Listov

The fire is beating in the small stove,
There is resin on the logs, like a tear.
And the accordion sings to me in the dugout
About your smile and eyes.

The bushes whispered to me about you
In snow-white fields near Moscow.
I want you to hear
How my living voice yearns.

You're far, far away now
Between us there is snow and snow -
It's not easy for me to reach you,
And there are four steps to death.

Sing, harmonica, in spite of the blizzard,
Call lost happiness!
I feel warm in a cold dugout
From your unquenchable love.

Analysis of Surkov’s poem “Fire is beating in a cramped stove...”

Alexey Surkov’s poem “The fire beats in a cramped stove...” was written at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War- November 27, 1941 in the Soviet village of Kashino. The poem was set to music and it became crazy popular song war years called “In the Dugout”. According to the author, the song was born after one of hard days near the Istra River. Impressed by everything he had experienced, Alexey Alexandrovich wrote a letter to his family, who were evacuated in the city of Chistopol, located on the territory of modern Tatarstan.

Touching sixteen lines of a poem, very personal and tender, were born under the pen. The poet did not intend to publish them and, moreover, did not see them as future song. But fate decreed otherwise: three months later, already in the Moscow editorial office, composer Konstantin Listov and poet Alexei Surkov met. Listov urgently asked to give him some material for a song. Surkov, being sure that these lines would not make a front-line song, gave him a piece of paper with a written poem. A week later, Konstantin returned and, taking a guitar, performed a song called “Dugout.” The sudden silence in the room made it clear that the song was successful.

Since then, the song has rapidly spread across the fronts: Sevastopol, Polyarny, Leningrad... The Soviet “guardians of morality” did not like it - critics considered it unpatriotic, decadent. But the people fell in love with these simple lines that were understandable to everyone.

The main theme of any work lyric author- Love. Surikov was no exception. The war, with its unimaginable cruelty, injustice and senselessness, seemed to leave no room for such a fragile feeling as love. But it was she who revived these lines, filled them with meaning, the warmth of close souls and became dear to millions of Soviet soldiers.

The lines, written in the midst of a brutal war, reek of quiet sadness from separation from a beloved family. No matter how patriotic the fighters are before the fight, after it, when silence sets in and everyone is left alone with their personal pain, the only thing that saves is family. Or rather, memories of her. About parents, sisters, brothers, wives and children. No matter how harsh the conditions the Russian soldier was in, he always hoped that his family was alive, even if they were far away, but they were safe. And each of them understood that tomorrow’s battle could be the last.

At the beginning of the poem, an ascetic image of a front-line dugout appears. Here, surrounded by his comrades in arms, the author thinks about what is most important to him - about his beloved. Fire is a symbol of warmth, home, life. But even it warms the soldier very poorly. A rare vacation is sprinkled with sadness: “There is resin on the logs, like a tear.”

Wherever the hero of the poem is, his thoughts are always about his beloved, his heart is in the past, peaceful life, where there is no place for cold, hunger and death.

The image of the wife is transferred to the personification of all life, joy, spring and warmth, everything that a simple person so greedily needs soviet soldier. As a contrast, the other side of life is clearly depicted - evil, war and grief.

The metaphorical device “And there are four steps to death” has become identification mark this work. The phrase rushed through the battlefields, and it was painfully familiar and close to every fighter... In these few words, the author was able to lay down the entire enormous fear of death, when there would never again be a peaceful sky overhead, or blossoming apple trees, or children’s laughter.

The last quatrain expresses confidence in victory and the determination to fight to the end. The blizzard personifies lost happiness, hope for a calm life. But when there is the most important thing - the love of loved ones, no troubles are scary, they are all temporary. Only love can “lead” a soldier out of battle unharmed, save him from cold and hunger, and give him strength to face his fears.

The history of the creation of the song "In the Dugout"

“The poem from which this song was born arose by accident. It wasn't going to be a song. And it didn’t even pretend to become a published poem. These were sixteen “homely” lines from a letter to his wife, Sofya Andreevna. The letter was written at the end of November, after one very difficult front day near Istra, when we had to fight our way out of encirclement at night after a heavy battle with the headquarters of one of the guards regiments... So these verses would have remained part of the letter if somewhere in February 1942 the composer Konstantin Listov, appointed Senior Music Consultant for the Navy. He came to our front-line editorial office and began asking for “something to write a song on.” “Something” was missing. And then, fortunately, I remembered the poems I had written home, found them in a notebook and, having copied them completely, gave them to Lisztov, being absolutely sure that although I had cleared my comradely conscience, the song from this was absolutely lyric poem will not work. Listov ran his eyes over the lines, mumbled something vague and left. He left and everything was forgotten.

But a week later the composer appeared again at our editorial office, asked the photographer Savin for a guitar and sang his new song “In the Dugout” with the guitar.

Everyone free from work “in the room” listened to the song with bated breath. Everyone thought that the song “came out.” And in the evening, after dinner, Misha Savin asked me for the lyrics and, accompanying himself on the guitar, sang a new song. And it immediately became clear that the song would “go” if an ordinary music consumer remembered the melody from the first performance.

Alexey SURKOV

“The enemy was rushing east through Kashino and Darna along the road parallel to the Volokolamsk highway; fascist tanks broke through onto the road and cut off the regimental headquarters, located in the village of Kashino, from the battalions. It was necessary to break out of the encirclement. All staff workers had to take up arms and grenades. He became a fighter and a poet. Brave, decisive, he rushed into the thick of battle. The old, brave soldier passed the combat test with honor, together with the regiment headquarters he escaped from the enemy encirclement and ended up... in a minefield. It was truly “four steps to death”, even less...

After all the troubles, frozen, tired, in an overcoat cut by shrapnel, Surkov sat for the rest of the night over his notebook in the dugout, next to the soldier’s iron stove. Maybe it was then that his famous “Dugout” was born - a song that was included in folk memory as an integral companion of the Great Patriotic War."

A. P. BELOBORODOV, Army General, twice Hero of the Soviet Union

In the dugout

Poems by A. SURKOV, Music by K. LISTOV

The fire is beating in the small stove,
There is resin on the logs, like a tear.
And the accordion sings to me in the dugout
About your smile and eyes.

The bushes whispered to me about you
In snow-white fields near Moscow.
I want you to hear
How my living voice yearns.

You're far, far away now
Between us there is snow and snow.
It's not easy for me to reach you,
And there are four steps to death.

Sing, harmonica, in spite of the blizzard,
Call lost happiness.
I feel warm in a cold dugout
From my unquenchable love.

The name of the fire is beating in the cramped stove. TO

Other articles in the literary diary:

Analysis of Surkov’s poem “Fire is beating in a cramped stove...”

The history of the creation of the song "In the Dugout"

In the dugout